1#楼深基坑开挖专项施工方案

合集下载

1期望值理论效价：也就是同一个目标对每一个人可能有三种效价：正

（1）效价：也就是同一个目标对每一个人可能有三种效价：正、零、负。

如果个人喜欢其可得的结果，则为正效价；如果个人漠视其结果，则为零值；如果不喜欢其可得的结果，则为负效价。

效价越高，激励力量就越大。

如1000元奖金对生活困难者可能很有价值，而对百万富翁来说意义不大。

一个希望通过努力工作得到升迁机会的人，在他心中，“升迁”的效价就很高；如果他对升迁漠不关心，毫无要求，那么升迁对他来说效价就等于零；如果这个人对升迁不仅毫无要求，而且害怕升迁，那么，升迁对他来说，效价就是负值。

（2）期望值：对于目标的期望值怎样才算适合？有人把它形容为摘苹果。

只有跳起来能摘到苹果时，人才最用力去摘。

倘若跳起来也摘不到，人就不跳了。

如果坐着能摘到，无需去跳，便不会使人努力去做。

由此可见，领导者给员工制订工作定额时，要让员工经过努力就能完成，再努力就能超额，这才有利于调动员工的积极性。

2、公平理论：公平理论作为一个研究公平感对人们积极主动性影响的理论，确实解释了很多因自感不公平而对其行为的影响，如我们说富士康屡次跳楼事件，虽然充分表明了社会对农民工的不公正待遇对其心理所造成的影响冲击，但当富士康此后向社会招工时仍然时到处爆满，这充分表明了人们在基本工作生活需求都难以满足下，人们只有接受甚至积极接受不公正的现实的状况。

所以说，作为公平感对人们积极主动性的影响终究只是辅助性的，并没有决定性的作用。

起决定性作用的，终究还是人们基本需求与信仰与其所能接触到的任务目标相统一的结果。

强化理论忽视了人的内部状态，仅仅关注一个人采取一定行为是会出现什么结果。

因为强化理论没有考虑引发行为的因素，所以严格的说，他不是一种激励理论。

但是他确实对控制行为的因素提供了有力的分析工具，正因为如此，人们把它当做一种激励理论来讨论。

强化的主要功能，就是按照人的心理过程和行为的规律，对人的行为予以导向，并加以规范、修正、限制和改造。

它对人的行为的影响，是通过行为的后果反馈给行为主体这种间接方式来实现的。

高级英语Lesson 1 Face to Face with Hurricane Camille

conflict/struggle:
•
people --- people
people --- nature
people --- society
people --- themselves
protagonist (hero) --- antagonist (enemy)
John Koshak, Jr.--- the hurricane
• apartment building in Mississippi before and after Camille
What’s the type of the text?
• narration (the telling of a story)
• characters (people): --Pop Koshak --Grandma Koshak --John Koshak --Janis Koshak --Seven children --Charles, a friend --neighbors --pets
What is the story about?
• It describes the heroic struggle of the Koshaks and their friends against the forces of a devastating hurricane Camille.
• What does the writer focus chiefly on---developing character, action (plot), or idea (theme)?
• To learn how the writer gives a vivid description of actions in terms of lexical, sentential and textual level;

新目标大学英语综合教程1课后习题答案

Unit 1 College LifeText ALanguage in Use4.1) overlooking 2) overwhelming 3) enroll 4) keen 5) blend6) inspiration 7) frequented 8) diversity 9) passion10) incredible5.1) The Sept. 4 game between the Seahawks and the Packers kicked off this year’s football season.2) A big part of a woman’s diet should consist of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, high-fiber foods, and oily fish.3) Eleanor Roosevelt, who was a shy young girl, was terrified at the thought of speaking in public.4) Senior citizens, military veterans and businessmen make up the group of people requesting for government information in the United States.5) The schedule will make you aware of how you spend your time.6.reach a decision (达成决定) shape one’s life (塑造生活)analyze a problem (分析问题) approvea decision (通过决定)improve one’s life (改善生活) solve a problem (解决问题)1) making 2) reach 3) changed 4) shape5) enjoy 6) solve 7) analyze 8) encounter7.1) dishonest 2) illegal 3) substandard 4) irregular 5) unlock 6) incorrect 7) outnumber 8) supermarket 9) Undergraduate 10) overestimate8.1) 学习小组合作学习对应对哈佛繁重的学习任务起着重要的作用。

1的数学符号

1的数学符号
在数学中，“1”通常可以用阿拉伯数字表示，也可以用罗马数字“Ⅰ”表示。

同时，在某些特定的数学领域或公式中，可能会用到其他的符号或表示方式，例如在概率论中可以用字母“p”表示概率等于1的情况。

因此，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。

在数学中，数字1它有多个释义，以下为其中几个常见的含义：
1. 在集合论中，1表示所有非空有限集合的个数，即第一可数序集的势。

2. 在数学逻辑中，1表示逻辑真值“真”，即所有命题的真实性。

3. 在代数中，1表示乘法单位元，任何数乘以1都等于其本身。

4. 在几何学中，1表示长度、距离等度量单位的基准值。

5. 在概率论中，1表示必然事件发生的概率，即概率为1的事件。

需要注意的是，具体的数学符号还需要根据不同的数学领域和公式进行判断和选择。

因此，对于数字1的数学符号，需要结合具体上下文来理解其含义。

新起点大学英语Unit1-Text A

这份工作非常复杂，我们可以从图纸开始。
Exercises
汉译英：今晚的作业我打算先做英语练习。
Key: Of all the homework tonight, I’m going to start with English exercises.
Reading
BACK
… if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books… 如果你每天看随便哪个大城市的一份日报，那么你每天的阅读量至少相当于四本书。
Reading
BACK
译文
Para. 4
4 你是怎么看报纸的？你只看那些自己感兴趣的东西。你是怎么知道的？因为报纸有不同的版面，如果你对体育感兴趣，你只看体育版；如果你想了解商业信息，你只看商业版。即使这样，你也不会看所有的体育报道或商务文章。报纸的标题突出了文章的要点，这就方便了你的选择。另外，报纸的写作格式也使你很容易了解要点。在每一个标题下面，你通常都会看到综述要点的一段文字。这样，你便可以选择只读综述或通读全文。
Chinese
Reading
4 And how do you read a newspaper? You read only those things you are interested in. And how do you know? Because newspapers are divided into sections, you only read the sports pages if you’re
3 If you answered the first question no, and the second yes, think again, if you read a daily newspaper in any major city, you’ve read the equivalent of at least four books.

SCH英寸对照表(1)

表示英制管壁厚系列：Sch.20----全称：Schedule 20Sch.10s--带s的系列为不锈钢专用，碳钢不用。举个例子：2" sch.10s 表示2”接管的壁厚为2.9mm,材质为不锈钢；2" sch.40 表示2”接管的壁厚为4.0mm。顺便再说一下钢管壁厚的表示方法：钢管壁厚表示方法有管子表号、钢管壁厚尺寸和管子重量三种方法 1）是以管子表号"Sch"表示壁厚。管子表号是管子设计压力与设计温度下材料许用应力的比值乘以1000,并经圆整后的数值。即: Sch＝P/[σ]t×1000 ANSI B36.10壁厚等级：Sch10、Sch20、Sch30、 Sch40、Sch60、Sch80、个等级; ANSI B36.19壁厚等级：Sch5s、Sch10s、Sch40s、Sch80s四个等级; 2）以钢管壁厚尺寸表示中国、ISO、日本部分钢管标准采用 3）是以管子重量表示管壁厚度,它将管子壁厚分为三种： a.标准重量管,以STD表示 b加厚管，以XS表示 c.特厚管，以XXS表示。对于DN≤ 250mn的管子，Sch40相当于STD，DN<200mm的管子,Sch80相当于XS。
NOMINAL PIPE SIZE A B 15 1/2" 20 3/4" 25 1" 32 1.1/4" 40 1.1/2" 50 2" 65 2.1/2" 80 3" 90 3.1/2" 100 4" 125 5" 150 6" 200 8" 250 10" 300 12" 350 14" 400 16" 450 18" 500 20" 550 22" 600 24" 650 26" 700 28" 750 30" 800 32" 850 34" 900 36" 950 38" 1000 40" 1050 42" 1100 44" 1150 46" 1200 48"

一的教案幼儿园

一的教案幼儿园教学目标通过学习本课内容，幼儿应该能够：1.认识数字1；2.能够正确书写数字1；3.了解数字1的基本概念，如1只能用来表示一件事物等。

教学内容知识点1：认识数字1数字1是最基本的数字之一，它代表着具体的一种事物或数量。

在幼儿学习数字的过程中，数字1是最先学习的数字之一。

知识点2：正确书写数字1书写数字1的基本方法是：1.先画一条竖线；2.然后在竖线的上方横着画一条线，这条线可以稍微短一点；3.如果需要书写大写字母“一”，可以在竖线的上面再横着加一条相同长度的线。

知识点3：了解数字1的基本概念数字1只能用来表示一个事物或数量，不能用来表示多个事物或数量。

例如，“我有1个苹果”就是正确的说法，“我有1个苹果S”则是错误的说法。

教学方法方法1：游戏教学法设计一些简单的游戏帮助幼儿们学习数字1的概念。

比如，在幼儿园内摆放一些相同的物品，让幼儿选出只有1个的物品，并用数字1标记。

方法2：互动教学法老师在黑板上写下一些数字1相关的问题，让幼儿们一起思考并回答。

可以让更有自信的幼儿上前回答问题，让整个教学过程更加生动活泼。

方法3：故事教学法编写一些有趣的故事，让故事中的主人公使用数字1。

例如，“小红去菜市场买了1个苹果，1个橘子和1个香蕉，她很开心地回家了”。

教学效果评价通过幼儿们在教学过程中的表现和课后测试的结果来对教学效果进行评价。

例如，通过测试了解幼儿对数字1的认识程度和能否正确书写数字1等。

总结数字是孩子们生活中必须学习的内容，掌握数字1对孩子们的数字学习起到了重要的开端作用，也是幼儿们日后数字计算学习的基础。

因此，以互动教学法为主，创造出生动有趣的教学场景，让幼儿把数字学习看成是一种游戏，既能让幼儿学习数字知识，又能培养幼儿们的自信心和学习兴趣。

1-100π 圆的周长和面积公式

1π=3.14 2π=6.28 3π= 9.42 4π= 12.56 5π= 15.7 6π= 18.84 7π= 21.98 8π= 25.12 9π= 28.26 10π= 31.4 11π= 34.54 12π= 37.68 13π= 40.82 14π= 43.96 15π= 47.1 16π= 50.24 17π= 53.38 18π= 56.52 19π= 59.66 20π= 62.8 21π= 65.94 22π= 69.08 23π= 72.22 24π= 75.36 25π= 78.5 26π= 81.64 27π= 84.78 28π= 87.92 29π= 91.06 30π= 94.2 31π= 97.34 32π= 100.48 33π= 103.62 34π= 106.76 35π= 109.9 36π= 113.04 37π= 116.18 38π= 119.32 39π= 122.46 40π= 125.6 41π= 128.74 42π= 131.88 43π= 135.02 44π= 138.16 45π= 141.3 46π= 144.44 47π= 147.58 48π= 150.72 49π= 153.86 50π= 157 51π= 160.14 52π= 163.28 53π= 166.42 54π= 169.56 55π= 172.7 56π= 175.84 57π= 178.98 58π= 182.12 59π= 185.26 60π= 188.4 61π= 191.54 62π= 194.68 63π= 197.82 64π= 200.96 65π= 204.1 66π= 207.24 67π= 210.38 68π= 213.52 69π= 216.66 70π= 219.8 71π= 222.94 72π= 226.08 73π= 229.22 74π= 232.36 75π= 235.5 76π= 238.64 77π= 241.78 78π= 244.92 79π= 248.06 80π= 251.2 81π= 254.34 82π= 257.48 83π= 260.62 84π= 263.76 85π= 266.9 86π= 270.04 87π= 273.18 88π= 276.32 89π= 279.46 90π= 282.6 91π= 285.74 92π= 288.88 93π= 292.02 94π= 295.16 95π= 298.3 96π= 301.44 97π= 304.58 98π= 307.72 99π= 310.86 100π= 3141、同一圆内半径与直径的关系：d=2r, r=d÷22、圆的周长的计算公式：如果用C表示圆的周长，那么C=πd或C=2πr。

高一英语外研版必修一Unit 1 A New Start

Application
Lisa is a .... She told us some important high school hints. First, ... Besides, ... What's more, ... At last, ... What I have learned from her is that ...
Her attitude matters!
Application
Read the text again and retell what Lisa has shared in the interview following the outline below. 1. Introduce who Lisa is. 2. Summarize her suggestions. 3. Tell what you can learn from her.
take a trip with your classmates read as many books as possible
win an award
get to know all the schoolmates in
stand on stage at least once your grade
Presentation
Suppose you are Chairman of the Student Union. Please give a
speech to the new students on their first day at high school. 2. Organise your speech following the steps below. Talk about the problems and give your advice. Tips: You may face many problems in senior high. Firstly,...Secondly,... To solve the problems, I have some suggestions for you. To begin with,...Besides,...

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯的答案是什么脑筋急转弯是一种人为创作的以问答形式出现的极具娱乐性的语言游戏,以其幽默的表现方式,受到大众的广泛欢迎。

1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案是什么呢？下面店铺整理的超级有趣脑筋急转弯，希望对大家喜欢。

脑筋急转弯： 1+1等于几脑筋急转弯答案：1+1=田(两边的竖、加号十、还有等于号和起来是田)1+1=王(两个一和加号一起加起来是王)1+1=无(一个，又夹走了一个，没了)1+1=丰/卅(中间的加号边长，竖着看是卅，旋转90度就是丰) 超级有趣脑筋急转弯【经典篇】1.女人最不喜欢什么花?——答:没钱花2.小明把自己关在漆黑的房间里，不厌其烦的晾晒自己心爱的宝贝，问小明在干吗?——答:晾晒自己心爱的宝贝3.谁最不喜欢书?——答:赌徒4.什么东西最能让人满足?——答:袜子5.为什么男人总骂女人是祸水最后还是娶女人?——答:没听说过因祸得福么6.什么时候一加五等于十?——答:算盘运算的时候7.什么东西越用越有钱?——答:存钱罐8.世界上谁的头力气最大?——答:男子汉9.神的交通工具是什么?——答:宝贝10.明明一天没有吃东西，为什么我不觉得饿呢?——答:因为我不是“明明”11.什么动物天天熬夜?——答:熊猫12.有一只猪它走啊走啊走到了英国结果它变成了什么?——答:pig13.减肥绝招 (打一神话人物)——答:嫦娥14.传说中第一个嗑药嗑得飘飘欲仙被监禁的人是谁?——答:嫦娥15.为什么结婚之后的生活像潜水?——答:结婚后要忍气吞声了16.那种生活方式容易致癌?——答:宅17.有一艘船限载50人，已载49人，后来又有一孕妇上船，结果船仍沉入了水中，为什么?——答:是艘潜水艇18.一间牢房中关着两个犯人，其中一个因偷窃要关一年，另一个是抢劫杀人犯，却只关两个月，为什么?——答:再过两个月杀人犯就要被枪决了19.一般来说，你是用左手写字还是用右手写字?——答:一般来说是用笔来写字的20.什么东西生的可以吃，熟的可以吃，用刀切不开，洗过之后就没人吃?——答:水!!超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精选篇】1.脸上长什么无药可救?——答:胡子2.小明喜欢运动，有一天他在摄氏38高温大太阳下做很激烈的运动，为什么也居然不会流汗?——答:他在水里游泳3.最多人看不清楚的花是甚麽花呢?——答:眼花4.一个夜黑风高的夜晚，小明遇见一个鬼，为什么那个鬼落荒而逃?——答:因为那是个胆小鬼5.什么东西明明是你的，别人却用的比你多得多?——答:名字6.小明有很厉害的胃病，可他每天总往牙科跑，这是为什么?——答:小明是牙科医生7.一只皮球和一只铁球从高楼上掉下来，谁先落地?——答:铁球8.一只狗总也不洗澡，为什么不生虱子?——答:狗只会生小狗9.后脑勺受伤的人怎样睡觉?——答:闭着眼睛睡觉10.小明在大雨倾盆的旷野中奔跑了十分钟，为什么衣服湿了头发却没湿?——答:小明是个秃头的男人11.世界上有那一种花通常夏天是冰冷的，冬天是温热的?——答:豆腐花12.红螃蟹好吃还是黑螃蟹好吃?——答:红螃蟹，因为黑螃蟹没熟超级有趣脑筋急转弯【精简篇】1. 当今社会，个体户大都靠什么吃饭?【答案：靠嘴巴】2. 纸上写着某一份命令。

商务英语综合教程1课后翻译

Unit one2. (1)Fiat launched a tiny “city car” especially for Europe’s narrow, crowed streets.(2) The rain forest theme products tap into consumer’s interest in the environment.(3) The company might target its efforts on preferred locations like India or Thailand(4) A strong president would further erode the power of the Congress.(5) Most of the measures will be phased out next year.(6) Government securities have traditionally yielded less than stocks.3.(1) on December 8th,2009, president Barack Obama launched a set of proposals to address unemployment and made it clear that he wanted to tap into some of the unspent funds( money set aside to support filing banks) to help pay for them. No precise figure was given. Some 50$ billion will be spent on infrastructure projects. But the effort represents a broad push to support small business.(2) America’s recent recession has hit small business hard. The very small, with fewer than 50 workers---employing almost one-third of working Americans ---have suffered around 45% of the job losses of the downturn.(3) Unfortunately, helping small business has not proved easy. The stimulus package passed last spring offered tax benefits and targeted the flow of credit to small business. The results were disappointing. The main problem with small business is lending. Obama’s recent plan is likely to scratch the surface if he does not tackle credit crunch.Unit two2. (1) Death does not discriminate. It eventually comes to everyone, making no exception for those more or less fortune, or those with good or bad fame.(2) T he 2008 presidential election of American is under the world’s spotlight because of the participation of female and African American candidates for the first time. Though the final outcome is still hard to anticipate, the election itself is changing not only the way American perceive themselves, but also how the rest of the world perceives America.(3) No matter what background or experience he may have, nobody should recoil from pursuing his own dream. Because we are convinced that freedom, equity and the pursuit of happiness are our rights.(4) More and more Chinese brands aspire to go global. This clearly conveys a message: the quality, design and management expertise of Chinese brands are constantly improving.3. V ariety is the spice of life. So, since a man shaves about 20,000 times in a lifetime, the desire for adventure may be the only thing that can drive away boredom. Instead of growing a “glamorous”beard, current styles leave a lot of room for hair experiments. The classic facial hair fashion is designer stubble or “three-day-growth”. The skin can still be seen under the short stubble, lending a manly appearance with relatively little care and expense. The key is to look grooming, not scruffy. However, it does not always make a good impression if you are in daily contact with customers. In contrast, the somewhat more conventional beard style can always win points.Unit three3. (1) Our car wound its way through the mountain. Beautiful scenery was everywhere to be seen on the road; we couldn’t help but be impressed.(2) After elaborate arrangements, Beijing Olympic opening ceremony unfolded s visual banquet to the world.(3) The annual environment conservation campaigns aim to restore the delicate balance between man and nature.(4) The article gives us a real sight into the cause of present food crisis.(5) The moment Wenchuan earthquake was reported, the Red Cross was flooded with calls about donations.(6) The ancient architectures and the modern ones complement each other, adding a special charm to the city.4. The middle class increasingly forgoes bicycles--- the environmentally friendly and energy efficient transport--- in favor of the car. Some four million bikes now compete for road space with more than two million cars. A quick glance at the newly constructed overpasses and ring road has clearly shows which means of transport has been getting priority. Fewer and fewer people are riding bikes because of the inconvenience and the increased dangers that cars bring to the road. However, the improvement in the state economy, the traffic situation and city management does not mean that we should say a final and complete farewell to the bicycle. Some people will still choose this non-polluting, small and green transport tool.Unit four3. (1) “These days I often recall the tough times before, thus I can be cool-headed inthe face of success,” said the founder and CEO of the company.(2)The primary issue in the current situation is to keep the prices steady; otherwise if the market panics, the consequence is beyond imagination.(3) To launch this service in the region will pay off in the long run, though the initial investment is big.(4) To make maximal profits with minimal cost has long been the objective for some companies. Now environment factors make them to rethink about it.(5) The public want to see issues like narrowing the gap between rich and poor and tackling urban housing problems prioritized by the government.(6) Home work burdens greatly restrict children’s opportunities for playing, and do harm to their development.(7) Sex set Hillary apart from all the other candidates for presidency and won her support of many female voters.4. The boom in consumer spending, now in its 12th year, has weathered many shocks that have hit the Us economy, including terrorist attacks, the 2001 recession, and a series of corporate scandals. Resilient household demand has not only sustained domestic growth but has also played a key role in supporting the global economy. Some observers, however, have viewed the surge in consumer spending with apprehension. The personal saving rate has fallen to historic lows, and consumer debt levels have risen. This has led to concern that the rise in private consumption may not be sustainable and that a subsequent weakening could throw the recovery off track. So are US consumers living beyond their means?Unit five2. (1) his speech instilled enthusiasm and confidence into the audience.(2) Intent on her work, Helen ignored the noise outside the room and did not turn to see who was coming in(3) He contended that the main issue was not being addressed.(4) Intimidated, the witness kept his mouth shut for seven years. But now he feels he could no longer turn his eyes away from facts.(5) Mother Theresa remained a woman of great humanity despite all the attention and praise for her work.(6) I wouldn’t underestimate the obstacle if I were you---the situation is more frustrating than you think.3. The Chinese want to do business with individuals---not companies--- socultivating friendships is crucial. Rather than cutting to the chase, the Chinese prefer a courtship filled with get-to-know-you banter and big banquets full of mysterious delicacies. Thus, like other Americans, Deane had to rein in his “get the deal done and move on to the next one” philosophy. And nearly every time he visits his manufacturers in Foshan, they insist on taking him on long drives in the countryside, often recovering ground he’s admired on previous trips. “they want to spend time with you,”Deane explains. “they want to get to know you”.Saxon also says that the Chinese take a long-term view and aren’t risk-takers. The society is less individualistic than America’s, So the Chinese aren’t big on confrontation. He highlights the Chinese belief in the “middle way”, a form of compromise, which means they may insist on working out an agreement rather than taking no for an answer. For an American, this translated into fostering respect, including stifling open criticism.Unit six2(1) Today’s society is full of theories which claim to be authoritative but turn out to be self-contradictory. Instead of being repeatedly tempted to believing them, I would rather keep a sober mind, think independently, and then make my own judgment. (2) Because of his profound insight into the shock of cultural diversity on human mind, he was nominated as candidate for this year’s Nobel Prize for Literature. No matter he is going to win the prize or not, he is already held in high esteem in his home country, and meanwhile plays an important role in the protection of intangible cultural heritage around the world.(3) After long time research, economists discovered that the financial institutes in this country bear a strong relationship with the government. The latter turns out to be the biggest buyer of the country’s financial products.(4) Courtesy is the essence of Chinese food culture. It is estimated that Chinese spend twice or more time on a formal dinner than Europeans.3. One of the greatest things about travelling around the world is all of the wonderful food you get to try. Watch yourself when you start to reach for that food, though, or you just might offend someone. When it comes to table manners, what works in one country doesn’t always go over in another.The United States has its own special dining customs that visitors should know about before sitting down to a meal. For example, when food starts to arrive, you can’t just dig in. it’s considered rude to start eating before everyone at the table hasreceived his or her meal.Once you start to chew down, it’s important to remember to keep yo ur elbows off the table and keep your mouth closed as you chew. One last tip for American dining is never to pick up you bowl or plate as you eat. This is considered rude beyond all belief.If you think Americans are picky about the table manners, think about Taiwan’s (china) customs. The list of rules is equally long. Y ou cannot stick chopsticks upright in your bowl of rice. Furthermore, you should never gesture with your chopsticks. For some visitors, using chopsticks is challenging enough without the rules of what you can and can’t do with themUnit 72.(1)it’s five years since she was lost but she still haunts his dr eams(2).Science empowers man to control natural forces more effectively .(3).Those students implicated in the cheating have been severely punished.(4).The environment is different between the university and the middle school, but the freshmen have adapted themselves to new conditions very soon.(5).The more he thought about it, the more confused he became.3. Recent study shows that the number of courses on ethics in the top 50 business schools have quintupled in the past 20 years . However, only half of these schools take ethic education as one of the requirements for graduation.The incident of group cheating at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business in the US has aroused intense concern among students. Those who were expelled in this case all come from Asia. They have been in the US for less than a year and have little knowledge about the honor code of universities or the judicial procedures in the US. These Asian students admitted the fault but did not lodge a protest, which is also attributed to their cultural backgrounds. According to the experts, foreign students have different opinions in defining cooperation on the university campuses in the US. The universities have a special obligation to those students. The ethic education in the business schools used to emphasize “no lying”, “no cheating” and “no stealing”. The concept of ethics is changing with the actual situation in the business world. Business ethics do only have a bearing on personal decision making, but also extend to the social, economic and environmental responsibilities of the enterprises, with the “sustainable” development as the main concern.Unit 82. (1) there is no alternative: the president must approve the bill if Congress passes it.(2) The Amish have long been renowned for making ordinary soil magically productive.(3) In fact, the reason why manufacturing powers subsidize their enterprises on energy price is that energy price is a complex political and social issue.(4) 110-year-old Peking University is constantly reviewing its course structures to cater to the ever-changing student roll.(5) About 200 visiting students from china’s quake-hit Sichuan Province wound up their vacation in Russia and set out home.(6) Carbohydrates are abundant in starchy foods, and are converted in the body into glycogen, which is then stored in the muscles and liver.(7) People that illegally obtain personal information also incur criminal penalties, under the draft submitted yesterday to Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress.(8) Governments at all levels must encourage the use of energy-saving technology and facilities by offering policy incentives such as an exemption of taxes.3. But by the spring of 2008, the financial world seemed to be coming undone, unemployment was rising, and among the fashionistas, cheap was the new black. Consumer prices in the US fell at a breathtaking annual rate of nearly 13% in the last three months of 2008. Prices plummeted for all sorts of goods, ranging from clothing to TVs to furniture, as retailers advertised sale after sale. But deflation missed big chunks of the economy. For all of 2008, college tuition and fees increased by 5.8%, followed closely by price increases for hospitals and legal services. Finance is one service sector where prices are falling, in part because banks lent so heavily in housing. For economics, overcapacity is a tricky concept. Human wants are unlimited, so how could the world ever produce too much of a good thing? The key is what people can pay: in many good sectors, prices still aren’t low enough to bring forth enough buyers. There will have to be some combination of falling prices and destruction of productive capacity before supply and demand come back into balance.。

新视野大学英语第三版1课文1-6中英文对照

Unit1Toward a brighter future for all奔向更加光明的未来1Good afternoon! As president of the university, I am proud to welcome you to this university. Your achievement is the triumph of years of hard work, both of your own and of your parents and teachers. Here at the university, we pledge to make your educational experience as rewarding as possible.1 下午好！作为校长，我非常自豪地欢迎你们来到这所大学。

你们所取得的成就是你们自己多年努力的结果，也是你们的父母和老师们多年努力的结果。

在这所大学里，我们承诺将使你们学有所成。

2 In welcoming you to the university, I am reminded of my own high school graduation and the photograph my mom took of my dad and me. "Pose naturally," Mom instructed us. "Wait!" said Dad, "Let's take a picture of me handing him an alarm clock." The clock woke me up every morning in college. It is still on my office desk.2 在欢迎你们到来的这一刻，我想起自己高中毕业时的情景，还有妈妈为我和爸爸拍的合影。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

目录第一章工程概况第二章基坑支护第三章基坑开挖及排降水第四章施工平面图第五章资源配置计划第六章检测控制措施第七章安全文明施工措施第八章保证措施第九章应急救援预案基坑专项施工方案第一章工程概况一、工程概述天长市中医院拟建该院制剂楼及中药炮制楼工程（两栋建筑东西向紧邻），该工程位于天长市天康大道北侧，银定河东侧。

拟建制剂楼长49.00米、宽15.60米，中药炮制楼长30.00米、宽15.60米，拟建建筑均为6层，地上6层为框架结构、局部地下1层为框剪结构。

室内外高差为0.25m二、工程地质（一）地形、地貌拟建场区地貌单元为河漫滩，场地大部分已回填，地形起伏较大，地面标高10.64～12.83m。

拟建建筑场地四面较空旷。

（二）场地各岩土层分布及其性质经本次勘察、原位测试结合室内土工试验综合分析，在钻孔深度控制范围内，依据其工程地质性质自上而下分为：①层填土（Q4ml）：杂色,松散,以软可塑状态粉质粘土为主,夹有植物根系及碎砖、石块、水泥块、灰渣等建筑垃圾,该层土质不均,整个场区均有分。

层顶标高10.64～12.83m m，层厚3.60～5.40m；②层淤泥质粉质粘土（Q4al）：灰色,流塑状态,高压缩性,含有机质,无摇振反应,稍有光泽,干强度中等,韧性中等。

层顶标高7.02～8.51m，层厚0.00～3.50m，该层仅分布于场地西北侧；③层粉质粘土（Q4al）：灰黄色,软-可塑状态,中压缩性,含铁锰氧化物,夹有粉土、粉砂薄层，无摇振反应,稍有光泽,干强度中等,韧性中等。

层顶标高3.52～8.50m，层厚1.00～5.00m；④层淤泥质粉质粘土（Q4al）：灰色,流塑状态,高压缩性,含有机质,无摇振反应,稍有光泽,干强度中等,韧性中等。

层顶标高1.52～6.80m，层厚0.00～3.90m，该层场地西侧缺失；⑤层粉质粘土（Q4al）灰黄色,可塑状态,中压缩性,含铁锰氧化物,无摇振反应,稍有光泽,干强度中等,韧性中等。

层顶标高-0.68～4.00m，层厚4.40～9.40m；⑥层粉质粘土（Q4al）灰色,可塑状态,中压缩性,含有机质,无摇振反应,稍有光泽,干强度中等,韧性中等。

层顶标高-5.59～-3.59m，层厚1.60～4.50m；⑦层粉质粘土（Q3-4al）：灰黄色,可塑状态,中压缩性,含铁锰氧化物及高岭土,局部夹杂粉土、粉砂薄层,无摇振反应,稍有光泽,干强度中等,韧性中等。

层顶标高-8.82～-5.99m，该层最大揭示6.20m 未揭穿。

三、施工场地条件本工程基坑开挖位于天长市经济开发区银锭河东侧，吉安特种电缆厂北侧，开挖土方由自卸汽车运出场外。

地理位置对施工较为有利。

第二章基坑支护一、施工现场准备1、在建设单位协助下，解决好施工现场“三通一平”工作，并接好水源、电源，做好现场施工电缆线的架设与临时设施的搭建。

1.1总水源应不小于φ100的供水管道。

1.2业业方提供的用电电源应不小于100KW。

2、及时采购各种施工用料，搭盖现场临时办公室及门卫室。

3、根据施工图纸及测绘部门的定位桩，测放基坑开挖线，并经监理、业主方进行验收。

4、根据现场实际条件及现有下水道位置，做好排水沟，确保下雨时基坑内积水能及时排出。

5、联系相关材料进场，并进行相关材料的检验工作，待检验合格报送监理单位确认后，材料方能使用。

6、与业主一道现场实地查找拟建场地地下管线资料，以利施工安全。

三、施工机械配备一、机械设备管理1、施工所需设备，根据工程需要，合理计划总量控制，配备到现场。

2、对于涉及到工程质量、工程安全的主要设备仪器，按质量管理要求，先必须进行测试、标定、检验，符合要求后，方可进行使用。

3、施工过程中，应加强对设备、仪器的维护、保养和维修工作，发现不能满足质量和安全要求的要及时维修或更换。

4、对各种设备、仪器，安排专人保管或维护，责任到人或作业班组。

5、对特殊作业工种如电工、焊工，要求持证上岗，专业操作。

二、机械设备配置1、支护设备：空压机1台，干式砼喷射机1台，注浆设备1套。

2、抽水设备：备足潜水泵，满足工程抽水要求。

3、配电设备：备齐配电箱（柜）、电缆线，并满足施工现场临时用电要求。

4、钢筋切割与焊接设备：钢筋切割机、电焊机各1台。

5、照明设备：基坑周边布置大功率照明灯若干盏。

6、材料送运设备：输送砼、石、水泥翻斗推车6辆。

7、锚杆钻机：2台。

8、柱塞式注浆泵：1台。

9、钢筋调直机1台，凿岩机1台。

四、质量目标坚持“质量第一”的指导思想，确保分部分项工程质量符合《建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准》的验收标准。

五、主要施工方法与施工技术措施一、主要施工方法及施工技术措施（一）、施工前的准备工作1、根据建设单位提供的周边地下管网分布图及建筑物的基础图，及时请建设单位与相关单位协商解决管网的保护和拆移工作。

施工场地及时封闭，做好工地现场临设搭建工程。

2、根据业主最终认定的支护施工图纸及提供的基坑周边控制轴线，由我单位测放出基坑开挖线，将基坑周边控制轴线引测到周边适当部位处，以便控制，然后由专业施工单位进行施工。

3、调试土钉墙施工设备，落实钢筋制作及水泥、砂、石堆放场地。

钢筋、水泥、砂、石及时到位，并进行相关检验。

4、根据业主提供的下水道及时做好场地内部排水系统。

安排好工地值班及门前三包，落实门前三包及现场安全文明施工责任人员。

（二）施工顺序与施工流程根据本工程支护的特点及边坡稳定性要求，分层开挖施工土钉墙。

基坑的土方开挖严格按照设计图纸要求，分段分阶开挖、逐段支护，分段长度不大于15米，分层高度不大于1.8米。

每层土方开挖完毕后，即在相应坡脚处开设深度适当的排水沟，以利基坑周边内排水。

在每段开挖支护时，应按照施工顺序：土方开挖→修坡（机械、人工）→钻孔测定放线→锚杆制作→钻机成孔→安放锚杆→锚杆注浆→修坡→挂钢筋网→喷射面层砼→面层混凝土养护。

（三）施工方法1、土方开挖土方开挖原则上按其支护剖面的锚杆的层数分层、分段开挖。

每段长度不大于15米，分层开挖的深度为每层土钉或锚管下0.5m，且不大于1.8米。

共开挖剖面的坡度按图纸上注明的放坡系数确定，严禁超挖、多挖。

基坑壁开挖后应立即挂网喷砼（砂浆抹面），防止粘土层崩塌。

上层锚杆注浆体及喷射砼面层经24小时养护后方框中才干上层土方的开挖，见下图：2、修坡为尽量缩短本工序时间及减少人工劳动工作量，修坡采用机械与人工相结合的方法进行清除坡顶及坡面上的虚土。

在机械开挖过程中不得超挖，欠挖量控制在10cm左右。

人工修坡过程中，应用测量手段及时对坡面的坡度及平整度进行检验以达到设计要求。

3、土钉锚杆施工在基坑坡面临时自立的情况下，成孔作业前，应按设计要求划线量尺确定孔位，根据基坑的土质特性及周边建筑环境条件，坡顶竖向注浆钢管施工时采用空气压缩机（9.0m3）送风凿岩机打入。

钢管采用φ48×3.0焊接管制作，钢管一端用切割机切割后加工成尖头。

管身设置4~6φ10圆孔并焊接倒刺覆盖在其上部。

采取锚管组合支护处，分为两种：（1）击入双排竖向锚管，双排之间距离根据边界形态及空间调整，最后以水平钢管φ48×3.0扣连；（2）不同角度击入锚管，互相扣连或焊牢，最后也以水平钢管φ48×3.0扣连，形成排架，面层挂网喷砼。

土钉采用φ16螺纹钢筋制作，按设计长度截断或焊接。

每隔1.5m 焊接一道对中支架，用φ6.5钢筋长200mm焊接制作。

成孔要求快速、平直，成孔结束时，土钉孔径要求达到100mm左右，孔的深度及下沉角度必须符合设计要求，成孔后置入土钉钢筋。

注浆采用柱塞式压密注浆，压力由低到中压进行注浆，注浆压力0.4~0.6Mpa，若遇土质较差时采用二次注浆。

注浆材料选用E032.5级普硅水泥，配制成水灰比0.4~0.5的水泥净浆，酌情加入适量外加剂。

注浆液应搅拌均匀，随拌随用。

浆液应在初凝前用完，严防碎石、杂物混入浆液，注浆作业开始和中途停止较长时间再作业时，宜用水或稀水泥净浆润滑注浆泵及注浆管路。

土钉注浆过程中应边注边拔出注浆管，切不可拔出过快，应始终保持注浆管头在水泥浆液中，见下图：自然地坪支护立面图1挡水砖墙自然地坪自然地坪-1.500-3.000-4.500-6.000支护立面图24、编挂钢筋网本基坑钢筋网片采用φ6.5@200mm×200mm进行网格编制。

网格节点用0.5低碳扎丝绑扎。

φ6.5钢筋应事先调直，各段钢筋之间采用绑扎连接，搭接长度必须符合规范要求。

每层锚杆采用纵横拉筋连接加固，拉筋为φ14钢筋，双向，间距1500mm×1500mm。

在每根锚杆的横纵向加劲连接筋上用两根上200mm的φ16钢筋与之焊接牢固压住，见下图：自然地坪网片及加强钢筋构造图喷射混凝土钢筋网锚头土钉加强筋?12与土钉焊接5、喷射面层砼本基坑面层砼采用空压机和干式喷射机进行喷射。

面层砼的厚度按设计要求控制，强度等级为C20，见下图：压力注浆喷射C20混凝土钢筋网6.5@200*200挡水砖墙自然地坪支护立面图3对中支架加强筋6、喷射砼面层注意事项待钢筋网片编制与连接筋施工完成后，应及时喷射砼面层。

喷射砼配合比按照设计要求，同时酌情加入适量的外加剂（速凝剂的掺入比为1~3%）。

水泥以新出厂产品为宜。

在基坑坡面混凝土喷射过程中，应注意以下几点，以确保喷射回弹量小和喷层强度高。

（1）按喷射机的工作特性参数调节好工作风压；（2）水灰比宜控制在0.4~0.5之间，其强度高、且回弹低；（3）需调整好受喷面和喷头之间的距离和角度，尽量使喷头和受喷面垂直，以减少回弹量；（4）坑壁如果有较大渗水和集中漏水处，在喷护之前，宜设置引流管，将水引出；（5）喷头在受喷面的移动一般以螺旋形式前进；（6）如一次喷射砼厚度达不到设计厚度时，应等到第一次喷射的砼终凝后再补补偿，直至达到设计厚度为止！（7）喷射砼中的黄砂宜用中粗砂，含水率不大于5%，石子用粒微观世界不大于15mm 的小碎石，喷射机筛应完好，防止大颗粒碎石进入内发生堵管。

六、质量保证措施（一）质量保证措施1、工程基坑开工前对各班组进行施工技术交底，使每个工人熟悉工艺流程和施工要求。

2、坡面必须平整，坡面角度需满足设计要求。

3、所用钢材除具有质保书外，还必须进行机械强度及焊接试验合格后方可使用。

4、钻孔深度必须大于土钉长度，孔径必须满足设计要求。

5、注浆压力必须满足设计要求，注浆时必须先排干钻孔中泥浆水，等浓度较大的水泥浆溢出孔外时堵住土钉孔口，边注浆边缓慢向外拔出注浆管，以确保土钉孔中的水泥浆密实。

6、注浆液必须严格拌制，确保强度满足设计要求。

7、钢筋网片的间距不得大于设计要求，钢筋之间的连接必须满足设计要求。

8、砼面层厚度必须满足设计要求，砼必须严格按配合比配置，且每层留置一组砼试块。