初中时态讲解《现在完成时》(共28张PPT)

•
—I have _____ to Kunming with my
friends.
• A been , gone
B been , been
• C gone , been
D gone, gone
• ( C )2. How long have you ____ this book?
• A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent
Yes,she has.?No,she hasn’t.
4.时间状语：already, yet, ever, never, just, before ， for, since, so far, till/until, up to now, in the past/last few years, recently, … 等.
5.现在完成时的概念
1）表示过去发生或已完成的动作对 现在造成的影响或结果；
2） 表示过去已经开始并一直持续 到现在的动作或状态。
• 意义1
• 表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响 或结果
My daughter hasjust gonoeut. 我女儿刚出去。 (go)
I’m sure we have metbefore. 我肯定我们以前见 过面。(meet)
3.They have left only for 5 minutes. 错 They have __b_ee_n_ __a_w_a_y only for 5 minutes.
• 1) They came here last week.
• They ____h_a_v_e__ _b_e_e_n_____ here since ______la_s_t_ w__e_e_k______.
• ( D )3. —Excuse me, ____ you seen the film yet?
aunt yet?” • “Yes, I have . I wrote (write) one last week.” • 4. Your father have finished (finish) his work
just now.
• ( B )1. —Where have you _____ these days?
③become became become ABB型 buy bought bought；build built built ABC型 begin began begun；
choose chose chosen
3.现在完成时的否定与疑问
• 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词have或has后 面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。
• The film h_a_s__ b_e_e_n_ _o_n__ for _tw__o_m_i_n_u_t.es • 6) They borrowed it last week.
• They _h_a_v_e____k_e_p_t____ it since _l_a_s_t ______w_e_e_k_.
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状 态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach,
learn, work, study, know. 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,
go, leave, start, die, finish, become,get married等。
• 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 • 1. I_have already _seen(see) the film. • I saw (see) it last week. • 2. “Have you had(have) lunch ?” “Yes.” • “When did you have (have) it?” • “I had (have) it at 12:00.” • 3. “Have you written (write) a letter to your
Shehas arrived. 她到了。(arrive) Shehas already come. 她已经来了。 (come) I haven’t readit yet. 我还没读过这个。(read)
• 意义2
• 表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现 在的动作或状态。动词一般是延续 性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study等。如果动词是短暂性动词 需转换成延续动词
规则动词
• (1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。 • work-worked-worked • (2)以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 • live---lived---lived • (3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为
"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 • study---studied---studied • (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，
• 4.She has known Fred_s_in_c_e__ they were
• at primary school. • (already , just , since) • 5.We have not completed the • project_y_e_t__. (already , for , yet)
• 短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换
瞬间性动词 buy
borrow come go/leave begin/start
die
arrive/reach join
get married
延续性5.动短词暂动词和
have keep
延续动词瞬转间换动词
vs延续动词
be here be away (from) be on
• 2) He left Fuzhou just now. • He ___h_a_s__ __b_e_e_n___ ____a_w_a_y_ _f_r_o_m_____
Fuzhou for five minutes.
• 3) My grandpa died in 2002. • My grandpa _h_a_s____ _b_e_e_n___ _d_e_a_d____for
be dead
be in/at be in=be a member of
be married
1. He has come here for 2 years. 错 He has been here for 2years.
2.The old man has died for 4 months. 错 The old man has _b_e_e_n __ __d_ea_d___ for 4months.
• 1. Jane has __D___ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow. • A. been B. never been C. went D. gone • 2. Hello, this is Mr. Li speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? • -- Sorry. He ___B___ the Bainiao Park. • A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to • 3. --__B__ you ever ____ to the US? • -- Yes, twice. • A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going
• since + (表示过去某一时间的)时间点
•
单词
•
词组
•
从句(一般过去时)
• Eg. I have been here since 2000.
• I have been here since 5 years ago.
• I have been here since I graduated in
• 7) I bought a pen two hours ago. I __h_a_v_e____ _h_a_d____ a pen for t_w_o__h__o_u_rs
比较have been to/in和have gone to
He has gone to Shanghai. 他(已经)去上海了。
He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经) 去过上海。
• 小结
• Have gone to：到某地去了，表示到了某地或正在去 某地的途中。说话时该人不在现场 ：
• Have been to：曾经去过某地，现在已经不在那里了。 ： just, ever, never
• Have been in：在某地呆多长时间 ：since, for, how long
2000.
• for +一段时间
• Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks.
• He’s studied English for 3 years. • 注2): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必
须用how long, 决不能用when
• 1.She has known Samf_o_r ____ nine years. • (for , never , since) • 2.They have_j_u_s_t __arrived. • (ever , just , yet) • 3.Have youe_v_e_r__ ridden a horse? • (ever , for , yet)
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？
If winter has already come, can spring be far behind?
现在完成时
2.现在完成时的结构
• 现在完成时的构成：
• Have/has + done
助动词 Have:第一、二/ 复数 Has: 第三人称单数
过去分词 规则动词： 不规则动词
• 现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连 用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语: yesterday, last week，…ago, in1990, in October, just now, …-- 具体的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语: for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past few years, recently, … --模糊的时间状语
5.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较
• 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙 述过去的事情，强调动作；
• 现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对 现在的影响，强调影响。
I saw this film yesterday.
I have seen this film.
• 2）一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间 状语连用;
先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 • stop---stopped---stopped
不规则动词
AAA型 cost cost cost ;cut cut cut: hurt hurt hurt ; let let let ; put put put
AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 ①run ran run；②come came com
• They have finished homework. • 否定句 They haven’t finished homework. • 疑问句Have they finished homework?
Yes,they have./No,they haven’t.
• She has gone to Jinan. • 否定句 She hasn’t gone to Jinan. • 疑问句 Has she gone to jinan?
_t_e_n____ ___y_e_a_rs__.
Hale Waihona Puke • 4) They married in 1990.
• They _h_a_v_e____ __b_e_e_n____ _m__a_r_ri_e_d___since __1_9_9_0____.
• 5) The film began two minutes ago.