(全)2021中考英语阅读理解专项训练-饮食、卫生与健康

中考英语阅读理解专项训练-饮食、卫生与健康
时间：8～10分钟/篇
分值：2分/小题
Passage 1
Many people travel to different places in the world by air. Usually it takes a long time, perhaps half a day, for passengers to stay in the plane. So airlines(航空公司) offer passengers food. But it is common that they feel bad about food taste. Do you agree?
To solve this problem, airlines try hard to improve their food. They would like to do so because they don't want to lose customers.
However, according to scientific research, part of the reason why plane food tastes bad is that at high altitude(海拔) we can not taste things as well as we do on the ground. Also scientists have found that our noses become very dry even before a plane takes off. As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure(气压) reduces one third of the sensibility(感觉) of our taste buds(味蕾). So our taste buds become senseless. The sad fact, however, is that our noses don't know it.
All of these help explain why food on the plane tastes so bad. They also help explain why airlines choose to offer passengers salty and spicy(辛辣的) food. Without doing so, the food would be tasteless.
Now there are many researches on this. According to one of them, some volunteers are asked to lie with their feet higher than their heads for weeks. And scientists write down their feelings about food taste. Though scientists try their best, it is not as easy as they thought. Because they can't deal with the special environment successfully, such as the change in air pressure, making food taste good is still hard for them. ( )1. In Paragraph 2, “this problem”means ________．
A. passengers stay long in the plane
B. food on the plane tastes bad
C. passengers have no food to eat
D. food on the plane is expensive
( )2. What do airlines do to solve this problem?
A. Get more customers.
B. Offer more food.
C. Improve their food.
D. Reduce the ticket price.
( )3. As the plane moves up, the change in air pressure reduces ________ of the sensibility of our taste buds.
A. half
B. one third
C. one fourth
D. one fifth
( )4. Why do scientists feel it hard to make food on the plane taste good?
A. The volunteers don't know about food taste.
B. The volunteers don't understand them.
C. They can't find enough volunteers.
D. They can't deal with the special environment successfully.
( )5. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Taste of Airplane Food
B. Airplane Travel
C. Scientific Research on Noses
D. The Change in Air Pressure
Passage 2
It seems that school children all over the world complain(抱怨)about their school food. What do students of your age eat for lunch at school in other countries?
Japan
High schools have dining rooms. They serve everything from noodles to rice, but not burgers and chips. Other children bring food from home, such as cold rice balls, meat or fish, pickles(泡菜)and vegetables. Twice a year parents are invited to have a taste of the food.
United States
A typical menu from a US school is made up of a hamburger with fried potatoes or roast chicken, lettuce and pickles, fruit and cookies. School lunches must also provide at least one third of the daily amount(总量)of necessary nutrition(营养)，such as, vitamin A, vitamin C and calcium(钙)．Australia
Meat pies, sausage rolls(香肠卷)and hotdogs are all traditional dishes in Australian school shops. But as the country pays more attention to children's health, healthier foods have started to appear on school menus. Many schools have used a traffic light system. The sale of red labeled(标注)foods, including cookies, chocolate and soft drinks, is served only twice a week. Healthier green labeled foods such as sushi, sandwiches, corn and watermelons, however, are available every day. South Africa
Most of South African schools do not serve meals at all. Classes end at 1：30 p．m. and students get their own lunches. Many students bring food from home, usually sandwiches.
Fast food and fried food sell the best among students. As a result, it has caused a rise in obesity(肥胖)among children. But as more people began to realize that being too fat may cause different kinds of serious illnesses, some schools in towns have led the way towards better nutrition. Now students at these schools are offered lunches of porridge with vegetables, such as cabbage, onions, beans, carrots and tomatoes. ( )1. High schools in Japan serve________．
A. noodles and rice
B. burgers and rice balls
C. chips and vegetables
D. fish and roast chicken
( )2. From the passage, we know the typical menu from a US school
is________．
A. delicious
B. quite healthy
C. not very healthy
D. popular in South Africa
( )3. Which are traditional dishes in Australia?
A. Meat pies and hotdogs.
B. Chocolate and soft drinks.
C. Cookies and sushi.
D. Sandwiches and corn.
( )4. In South Africa，________．
A. most students have sandwiches and vegetables for lunch
B. students like fast food and fried food very much
C. more and more students become ill
D. students realized that fast food and fried food were bad for their health
( )5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
A. Parents in Japan are invited to taste the food twice a year.
B. In the United States, school lunches must provide at least one third of the daily amount of necessary nutrition.
C. In Australia, many schools have used a traffic light system.
D. In South Africa, schools don't serve meals.
Passage 3
Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation(卫生)conditions. In those
countries, women and girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent(迫切的) need for people in developing countries to have access to(有机会或权利使用) clean water to improve their health.
Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12yearold girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of handwashing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldn't eat with me unless you clean your hands.”Her father was very angry and shouted at her, “It's not up to you to tell me what to do！”Stunned(目瞪口呆的), Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest,_Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjara's head teacher, he understood the importance of handwashing and his daughter's intentions(目的). The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.
For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, let's avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.
( )1. According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause ________．
A. traffic problems
B. forest fires
C. many illnesses
( )2. The key to improving people's health in developing countries is
________ in Paragraph 1.
A. to get clean water
B. to exercise often
C. to refuse drugs
( )3. What can we infer(推断) from Paragraph 2?
A. Hadjara laughed at her father's foolishness.
B. Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight.
C. Hadjara's father understood his daughter's love and care for him later. ( )4. The underlined word “protest”in this passage means ________．A. 抗议B. 保护C. 节约
( )5. The purpose of the writer is to ________．
A. teach people how to wash hands
B. call on people all over the world to save water
C. show developing countries rich in clean water
答案
Passage 5
1—5BDDAC
赠：不速之客
Donny: Jimmy! How did your birthday party go last weekend? Jimmy: 不错! 大家玩儿得很高兴! 可是，有些客人我根本不认识。

这些不速之客，用美语怎么说？
Donny: Ah-ha! These guests are called party crashers! Crasher is spelled c-r-a-s-h-e-r.
Jimmy: 哦，聚会上的不速之客是party crasher. 现在想想，I got at least three party crashers. 客人太多，没注意，就让他们混进来了。

Donny: 没错! Party crashers usually target big parties. They blend into the party so they don't get kicked out.
Jimmy: 可不，他们混进来之后就猛吃猛喝，不太说话。

Donny: 其实，Having a couple of freeloaders in your party was not that terrible.
Jimmy: freeloader?
Donny: Yes. f-r-e-e-l-o-a-d-e-r, freeloader 白吃白喝的人。

Jimmy: freeloader就是蹭吃蹭喝的人。

我生日party上那几个party crashers
明显是冲着吃喝来的，他们就是典型的freeloaders!
Donny: 没错，Some party crashers come for the food and drinks, while others just want to meet new people.
Jimmy: 还好我那天准备的酒足够多，虽然有些不速之客，大家还是能尽兴! Party结束后，几个朋友喝多了，还在我家睡了一晚上呢!
Donny: Jimmy, it's nice of you to let them crash for the night at your place. You're such a good host.
Jimmy: 怎么又是crash?
Donny: Here, the word "crash" means to temporarily stay or sleep at a place. For example, a friend might ask you: "Can I crash on your sofa for the night?"
Jimmy: 哦，crash 就是暂住，那你说的"Can I crash for the night on your sofa?" 也就是“我能不能在你家沙发上凑合一晚上”。

Donny: That's right! Now let's see what you've learned today! Jimmy: 第一，派对上的不速之客是party crasher；第二，白吃白喝的人是freeloader；第三，凑和睡一晚，可以说crash here for the night.。