直接引语变为间接引语的注意事项

直接引语变为间接引语
一、定义
直接引语：引述别人的原话。

被引用的部分放在引号里。

间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。

间接引语不用引号，在多数情况下是以宾语从句的形式出现的。

一、人称的变化
如果直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时，须和主句的主语保持一致；如果直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时，须和主句的宾语保持一致；如果直接引语的主语是第三人称，变为间接引语时，人称不变。

直接引语变为间接引语时的人称变化
e.g. (1) He said, “I like it very much.”
→He said that he liked it very much.
(2)The teacher said,“You are late.”
→The teacher told me that I was late.
(3)He said to me,“I’ve left my book in your room.”
→He told me that he left his book in my room.
二、时态的变化
1 、如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化。

如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态无需变化。

间接引语时，时态不变。

e.g. (1) Mother said to me, “Seeing is believing.”
→Mother told me that seeing is believing.
三、时间状语的变化
e.g. (1) He said, “It’s nine o’clock now.”
→He said that it was nine o’clock then.
(2)He said, “My sister was here three days ago.”
→He said that his sister had been there three days before/earlier.
(3)He said, “They will arrive the day after tomorrow.”
→He said that they would arrive in two days’ time.
直接引语变为间接引语时的指示代词、地点状语和动词变化
→She said that she had gone there to the doctor two days before/earlier.
注意：1、如果转述自己的话，第一人称则不变；转述原地发生的事，here不变成there;转述当天的事情，yesterday, tomorrow, this evening等时间状语不变。

2、直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导，that在口语及非正式文体中可以省略。

陈述句的句型和语序没有变化，that常被省略。

E.g. Tom said ，“I will go to shanghai tomorrow.
→Tom said (that)he would go to shanghai the next day.
3、直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为以whether或if引导宾语从句，在口语及非正式文体中常用if。

原主句中谓语动词如果是said,要改为asked(me/him/us等)。

一般疑问句转变为间接引语时，要把一般疑问句的句型转换为陈述句句型。

“Did you teach English two yeas ago?” The man asked Mary.
The man asked Mary if/whether she had taught English two years before.
4、直接引语若是特殊疑问句变为间接引语时，要用特殊疑问词来引导宾语从句。

除特
殊疑问词作主语外，都要将疑问句语序改为陈述语序。

主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表示。

直接引语是特殊疑问句时，变为间接引语时要将问号变为句号。

E.g. Mum asked, “Who has broken this cup?”
→Mum asked who had broken that cup.
5、直接引语若是祈使句，变为间接引语后常用带to的不定式。

变成间接引语后，谓语动词常用ask, advise, tell, order等。

如果祈使句为否定式，应在不定式钱加not。

E.g. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→He told /asked/ordered the boys not to make so much noise.
6、直接引语若是选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，通常变为if/whether引导的陈述性的宾语从句，省略原有的助动词，语序不倒装。

如果直接引语是选择疑问句，变为间接引语时还需连接选择部分。

如果直接引语是反意疑问句，变成间接引语时应用“whether/if…or not”句型。

如果后面跟or not,前面只能用whether而不能用if。

E.g. “You don’t know how to answer the question, do you?” he said to me.
→He asked me whether I knew how to answer the question or not.
/一、将下列句中的直接引语改为间接引语：
1.“I’m not writing to my sister,” she said.
2.“I’ll do my best to help him,” she said.
3. She said to me, “I read it two days ago.”
4. The doctor said to me, “Don’t drink too much.”
5. I said to him, “Who is she?”
6. “Are you feeling better today?” the teacher asked me.
7. “How are you getting on with your classmates? “Mother asked me.
8. “Write your names on your papers first,” the teacher said to us.
9. “Don’t destroy the wild plants,” the scientist said to us.
10. “Do you remember what your aunt told you last night?” Li Li’s father asked her.
11. “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The teacher said.
12. He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
13. Mainland pop singer Han Hong said: “I will hold a solo(个人演唱会)concert in my hometown in Tibet in August.”
14. The old lady said, “Go along the street.”
15. She said to me, “This is my report.”
16. He said, “I still have half an hour to get there.”
17. He asked me, “How often do you go to the cinema?”
18. She asked him, “How much are these bananas?”
二、将下列句中的间接引语改成直接引语：
1. My mother asked where I had been.
2. He asked the boy if he got up early that morning.
3. The conductor asked the old man where he was going to get off.
4. The boy asked the teacher if it snows in winter in Australia.
5. Mr. White asked me to give his wife a message when she returned from the library.
6. I asked one of the boys if there were any mistakes in his homework.
7. The guard said that he would not let the young man in if he had no pass.
8. He asked me when the meeting would end.
9. The teacher asked us to take good care of our eyes.
10. She told her brother that she could help him with his lessons.
11. She asked me whether I was from the south and whether I prefer rice to wheat flour.
12. He asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.
13. Mr. White said that I was right.
14. He called out who was there.
15. He said that he had forgotten to turn off the radio.
16. She said that she could hear someone in the bedroom.
17. Jim asked Lin Fang not to forget to change water.。