2017年-2023年高考英语阅读真题长难句解析(417-418)讲义-高考英语一轮复习

一、长难句翻译
1.Of course, Leon Bagrit could not possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet, the worldwide system that enables us to municate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using puters linked to telephone networks
2.Nor could he have foreseen how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject, so we can read it on a screen in our homes and even print it as well if we want to.
二、长难句翻译解析
1.Of course, Leon Bagrit could not possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet, the worldwide system that enables us to municate instantly with anyone in any part of the world by using puters linked to telephone networks
【语法详析】
本句的主干为Leon Bagrit could not possibly have foreseen the development of the Internet。

1. the worldwide system 作internet的同位语；2. that enables us to municate instantly with anyone …作system的定语从句；3. linked to telephone networks 作puters的定语。

【词汇精讲】
foresee /fəˈsiː/ v. 预见【名】foresight
【记忆】fore预先+ see看→ 预先看到还未发生的事→ 预料,预见→ foresee vt.预见,预知
instantly /ˈɪn.stənt.li/ adv. 立即【同】immediately 【连】the instant 一…就…
【记忆】in 向内;进入+ stant 站,立→ 站进来→ 紧急的
I don’t foresee any difficulties so long as we keep within budget. 只要我们不超出预算，我看不出会有什么困难。

The Eiffel Tower in Paris is an instantly recognizable landmark. 巴黎艾菲尔铁塔是一个能一眼就认出的地标建筑。

I’ll call you the instant (= as soon as) I get home. 我一到家就给你打。

【参考译文】
当然，莱昂·巴格瑞特不可能预测到互联网的发展，这个通过使用与网络连接的电脑让我们与世界任何地区的任何人交流的世界系统。

2.Nor could he have foreseen how we could use the Internet to obtain information on every known subject, so we can read it on a screen in our homes and even print it as well if we want to.【语法详析】
本句的主干为so引导的并列句。

1. nor could he have foreseen…为部分倒装结构；2. how we could use the Internet…作foreseen的宾语从句；3. if we want to 为条件状语从句。

【词汇精讲】
subject /ˈsʌb.dʒekt/ n. 主题，科目，研究对象v. 使臣服adj. 受…支配，取决于【组】be subject(ed) to 受制于【形】subjective 主观的
【记忆】subject : sub,在下，ject,投掷，扔，词源同project,projectile.字面意思即扔在下面，引申词义被制服，被控制，国民，臣民。

She has made a series of documentaries on the subject of family relationships. 她拍摄了一系列以家庭关系为题材的纪录片。

The invaders quickly subjected the local tribes. 入侵者很快就征服了当地的部落。

Flights are subject to delay because of the fog. 由于有雾，航班可能延误。

We plan to go on Wednesday, subject to your approval. 如果你同意，我们打算周三走。

【参考译文】
他也不可能遇见我们如何使用互联网获取关于每个已知话题的信息，因此我们可以在家里的屏幕上阅读，如果我们想的话，甚至还可以把它打印出来。

三、长难句拓展
1.The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the term “ plant neurobiology” was coined around the notion that some aspects of plant behavior could be pared to intelligence in animals.
①小词典
consciousness / ˈkɒnʃəsnəs /【词源】conscious:con大家，scious音似“舍死（scious）”。

为了祖国，大家应该有舍死的意识。

n. 知觉，清醒；思想，意识；（群体的）观念体系；感知，察觉
neurobiology / ˌnjʊərəʊˌbaɪˈɒlədʒi /
n. 神经生物学
What is known regarding the developmental neurobiology of opioid systems?
请描述阿片系统的发育神经生物学进展(胎儿).
②句子分析：本句的句子主干是The idea first took root in the early 2000s; the term “plant neurobiology”was coined around the notion。

that plants have some degree of consciousness 和that some aspects of plant behavior could be pared to intelligence in animals 为同位语从句，分别修饰The idea 和the notion。

③参考译文：植物具有一定意识的观点最初形成于21 世纪早期；“植物神经生物学”一词是围绕植物行为在某些方面可以与动物的智力相提并论这一概念而创造的。

2.Beginning in 2006, some scientists have argued that plants possess neuronlike cells that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters,forming “a plant nervous system, analogous to that in animals,” said lead study author Lincoln Taiz.
①小词典：
interact / ˌɪntərˈækt /
v. 相互交流，互动；相互作用，相互影响
【记忆】inter 表示：相互的、互相的。

act 表示：作为、动作。

综上所述，inter+act →相互作为，引申为：往来、交往等。

Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
教师和每个孩子沟通的时间有限。

hormone / ˈhɔːməʊn /
n. 激素，荷尔蒙；人造激素；性激素（hormones）
【记】发音想成“荷尔蒙”
Why growth hormone therapy is efficient in heart failure?
为什么生长激素能够有效地治疗心衰?
neurotransmitter / ˈnjʊərəʊtrænzmɪtə(r) /
n. [生理] 神经递质；[生理] 神经传递素
Neurotransmitter release during synaptic transmission is mediated by presynaptic active zone.
在突触前,神经递质释放是由活动区结构所介导的.
analogous / əˈnæləɡəs /
adj. 相似的，类似的；（器官）同功的
【记忆】ana表示”错误,在旁边,分开”analogy类比,类似(ana+logy讲话=再旁边讲=讲一样的东西=类似)
Sleep has often been thought of as being in some way analogous to death.
人们常常认为睡眠在某种意义上来说类似死亡。

②句子分析：本句的主干是some scientists have argued that，that 引导宾语从句。

Beginning in 2006 为现在分词短语做时间状语，其逻辑主语为some scientists; that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters 为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词neuronlike cells; forming “a plant nervous system, analogous to that in animals,”为现在分词做结果状语，其逻辑主语为neuronlike cells; said lead study author Lincoln Taiz 为插入语。

③参考译文：自2006年以来，一些科学家认为，植物有类似神经元的细胞，与激素和神经递质相互作用，形成了“一套类似动物神经系统的植物神经系统，”从事此类研究的主要作者林肯·泰兹说道。

3.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didn’t always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten,a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands.
①小词典
artifact / ˈɑːtɪfækt /
n.（尤指有文化价值或历史价值的）人工制品，历史文物；非自然存在物体，假象（=artefact）【记忆】art(艺术)+i(我们)+fact(实际)→艺术art是我们i根据实际fact生活提炼出的人工制品artifact、手工艺品artifact → artifact
【例句】This method is very simple, and the output images are free of coherent artifact noise.
这个方法很简单, 输出图象没有相干噪声.
polymer / ˈpɒlɪmə(r) /
n. [高分子]聚合物
【例句】Coverage of polymer particles is obviously influenced by emulsifier structure.
显然聚合物胶粒总数受乳化剂结构的影响.
四、长难句精讲精练
1.When we correlated our measures with learning rate, we found tha t patterns of brain activity that have been linked to linguistic processes predicted ///how easily people could learn a second language.
【词汇】
correlate...with... 把......相关联
The study found that lack of sleep correlates with poor academic performance. (研究发现睡眠不足与学业表现差相关。

)
learning rate 学习速度
An analysis about how the parameters of learning rate and history correlativity impact the prediction is given.
同时给出了学习速度参数和历史信息相关度参数对预测的影响。

pattern [ˈpætərn] n. 模式，形式
【记忆】pattern记法:pat (father)+tern(turn转变)由母版所转变而来的图案型,模式,样式pattern,英语单词,主要作为名词、及物动词、不及物动词。

【例句】The black and white pattern is relieved by tiny coloured flowers.
五彩缤纷的小花使得黑白图案不那么单调。

be linked to... 与......相关
Aid to individual countries would be linked to progress towards democracy
对个别国家的援助会与其民主进程相挂钩。

linguistic [lɪŋˈɡwɪstɪk] adj. 语言的，语言学的
【记忆】lingu语言，舌+ist从事某项工作的人+ic
【例句】Diachronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history.
历时语言学是在语言的历史过程中研究语言的.
predict [prɪˈdɪkt] v. 预测
【记忆】pre+dict说=预先说=预言
【例句】He predicted that my hair would grow back 'in no time'...
他预言我的头发“一眨眼”就会长回来。

【句子结构】
句子主干：
we found that...
宾语从句（that引导宾从1，how引导宾从2）：
patterns of brain activity predicted how easily people could learn a second language
定语从句：
that have been linked to linguistic processes
状语从句：
When we correlated our measures with learning rat
【翻译】当我们将学习速度与我们的测量（研究）相关联时，我们发现，与语言过程相关的大脑活动模式可以预测人们学习第二语言的难易程度。

2.Elegance, simplicity and an understanding of other fields came to matter in a world in which puters are fashion items, carried by everyone, that can do almost anything.
【词汇】
elegance n. 雅致，优雅elegant adj.
【记忆】e出+leg采集+ance名词词尾→采集在一起遴选出优雅的
【例句】In the diningroom the draperies create an atmosphere of elegance.
在餐厅里，打褶装饰物能营造雅致的氛围。

simplicity n. 简洁simple adj. simplify v.
For the sake of simplicity , let's divide the discussion into two parts.
为了方便起见，我们把讨论分成两部分。

e to matter 变得重要（关键）
Now we e to the crux of the matter .现在我们来谈问题的症结
fashion item 时尚单品
Tight jeans aren't the only fashion item on trial.
紧身牛仔裤并非唯一接受人们审判的时尚单品
【句子结构】
句子主干：
Elegance, simplicity and an understanding came to matter
定语：
of other fields
状语：
in a world
定语从句（in which/that引导）：
in which puters are fashion items, carried by everyone, that can do almost anything
【翻译】优雅、简单和对其他领域的理解在一个电脑成为时尚物品的世界里变得重要起来，每个人都有电脑，它几乎可以做任何事情。

3.Research on the topic indicates that when a negotiator’s first offer is immediately accepted, he is more likely to think that he could have done better, and therefore less likely to be satisfied with the agreement.
【词汇】
indicate v. 表明，指出，象征
【记忆】in 加以…+ dic 说；断言+ ate 做，造成，使…→说出→指示
Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy.
零售市场上有史以来的最高利润显示出经济的突飞猛进。

negotiator n. 谈判者negotiate v.
【记忆】:nego泥沟+ti提+ate吃记忆方法:泥沟里提吃的,这个谈判太有创意了
The government will not negotiate with terrorists.
政府不会和恐怖分子谈判。

offer n. 提议
【记忆】联想方式:off(离开);er(人)记忆方法:离开的人都提供身份证号码
【例句】He offered some useful advice.
他提出了一些有益的建议。

immediately adv. 立刻，马上
【记忆】immediate a即刻的,直接的(im无+med +iate=无中间=立刻的)
【例句】The funeral was attended by her immediate family (= her parents, children, brothers and sisters) only.
只有她的直系亲属参加了葬礼。

therefore adv. 因此
【例句】He's only 17 and therefore not eligible to vote.
他只有17岁，因此没有投票选举的资格。

【句子结构】
句子主干：
Research on the topic indicates that…
时间状语从句：
when a negotiator’s first offer is immediately accepted
宾语从句：
he is more likely to think that（宾从2）he could have done better, and therefore less likely to be satisfied with the agreement
【译文】关于这一主题的研究表明，当谈判者的第一个提议被立即接受时，他更有可能认为自己本可以做得更好，因此更不容易对协议感到满意。