Non-Finite Verbs非限定动词、非谓语动词

Translation C. 约翰缺席带给我很多的麻烦。 ____ gave me a lot of trouble． D. 他很有钱是事实。 ____ is true． E. 我不喜欢他们说别人的坏话。 I don‟t like _____ ill of others. F. 我很高兴考完试了。I am glad of ____． C. John's being absent D. His being rich E. their (them) speaking F. the examination being over 动名词复合结构当主语时，必须用所有格；但当 宾语时可用所有格或宾格 动名词的逻辑主语是无生命事物时，不必用所有 格，用“主格”即可
? Questions ?
可作什么句法成分？
主语 不定式 + 动名词 + 宾语 + + 定语 + + 补语 + + 状语 + -
分词
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+
Exercise & Explanation
Gap-Filling: __________ (try) to forget one‟s past is impossible． (Trying/ To try) 动名词和不定式都可充当句子的主语。在多数情况下，选 择动名词还是不定式作主语对句意影响不大。抽象，有普 遍意义的或概念化的动作常用动名词。 有些动名词已几乎成为了表示动作的名词，如：reading， writing，swimming，smoking，jogging，learning， cooking。 True or False: A. It is impossible to try to forget one‟s past． B. It is impossible trying to forget one‟s past． (A. True B. False) 句型：It is (im-)possible to do sth.
Exercise & Explanation
Sentence Completion A. My assignment is ____ (write) a report on our experiment． B. Her job is ____ (wait) on tables (当服务 员)。 A. to write B. waiting 不定式表示相对具体的动作或行为，而动 名次表示相对抽象、普遍或经常性的情况
Non-Finite Verbs 非限定动词
又称
非谓语动词
? Questions ?
为什么称为非限定动词？ 不受主语的人称和数的限制 为什么称为非谓语动词？ 不能单独作谓语 有几种形式？ 不定式（infinitive） 动名词（gerund） 现在分词（present participle） 分词（participle） 过去分词（past participle）
Sentence Completion A. What you must do today is ____ (find out) who was involved· B. The only thing I did yesterday was ____ (finish) my essay． C. The best way ____ (memorize) new words is to learn to use them． D. My decision is for them ____ (undertake) the project． A. (to) find out B. (to) finish C. to memorize D. to undertake 以上句式中经常用不定式 A、B两种情况中，to也可省略，条件是主句中有 实义动词do出现—做谓语。
句型：It is no use + doing (sth.) It‟s no use (good)…后接动名词，表示“…是没 有用的” It‟s not much good worrying for nothing. 句型：It is of no use + to do (sth.)
Exercise & Explanation
OF or FOR A. It‟s difficult ____ us to get together . B. It‟s thoughtful ____ your mother to get the food ready A. for B. of 句型：It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, impossible, possible, necessary, important, essential, easy, useless, convenient 句型：It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 表示一个人的特性．而不是动作本身的性质，用of引导 不定式的逻辑主语，这类形容词包括：good, kind, clever, foolish, stupid, silly, careless, nice, polite, right, bad, wrong, cruel, generous, unselfish, thoughtful, considerate, wise等。E.g. It‟s very kind of you to come to see me. = You are very kind to come to see me. It‟s clever of this policeman to pretend to be a driver．
A. B. C. D.
Sentence Completion Your result of the test is ____(disappoint). I‟m ____ (disappoint) with your study. The girl was too ____ (frighten) to move． The scene of the accident was ____ (frighten).
动名词(gerund)? 分词(participle)? A. a sleeping car B. a sleeping baby C. a visiting card D. a visiting professor A. gerund: a car for sleeping B. participle: a baby who is sleeping C. gerund: a car for visiting D. participle: a professor who is visiting(客座教 授)
如果用状语从句要用完成时分词肯定要用完成时heated水要被加热而且用状语从句表示要用一般时所以前面不要加being过去分词本身表示被动分词充当状语情况也比较复杂涉及现在分词和过去分词分词被动式也涉及分词一般时和完成时之分
Warm-up Exercise
People _________ (travel) long distances frequently have _________ (decide) whether they would prefer__________ (go) by land, sea, or air, Hardly anyone can positively enjoy __________ (sit) in a train for more than a few hours. Train Compartments are likely __________ (get) crowded and stuffy. It is almost impossible __________ (take) your mind off the journey. __________ (read) is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels __________ (click) on rails soon lulls you to sleep. At night, when you really wish __________ (go) to sleep, you rarely manage __________ (do) so. If you are lucky enough __________ (find) a couchette, you spend half the night __________ (stare) at the small blue light in the ceiling. As a result, you arrive at your destination almost __________ (exhaust).
Exercise & Explanation
Sentence Completion A. It is no use ____ (ask) me for help. B. It is of no use ____ (cry) over spilt milk. A. asking B. to cry
动名词表示“用途或目的”， a washing machine．a writing brush(毛笔)，a dining hall，a swimming pool 分词表示“动作或状态”。
Exercise & Explanation
Translation
a developing country——a developed country falling snowflakes——fallen leaves the changing world——the changed city a moving object——a broken object a sleeping baby——a deserted baby freezing cold——a frozen river
True or False? The boy sings delighted his parents． False 动名词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，须用所 有格表示： The boy‟s singing delighted his parents． 比较： A. He insisted on paying the money． B. He insisted on my paying the money． A. 他坚持付钱。[和主句主语相同] B. (他坚持要我付钱。) [和主句主语不同，须用 所有格my表示付钱的人]
A. disappointing(令人失望) B. disappointed(对 你的成绩表示失望) C. frightened D. frightening
现在分词与过去分词的区别在于前者表示“给 人的感觉．使人感到…”而后者表示主语本身的 感受。所以主语肯定是有生命的。公式是： 主语的感觉用ed，主 不定式、动名词和分词都能充当表语（主语补语）， 难点是现在分词与过去分词之分。 分词作表语时具有形容词性质，说明主语的状态或特 点。 分词作表语主要限于表示人内心活动的词，也就是情 感、情绪、感觉之类的词， 主要有：please，delight，surprise，shock(震惊)， astonish(惊讶)，disappoint，touch(感动)，move， encourage，discourage，tire(累)，exhaust(使人疲 倦)，bore(使人心烦)，puzzle(困惑)，confuse， worry，excite，frighten(使…害怕)，scare，terrify， amuse，amaze(使…惊讶)，comfort，relax，refresh， relieve，hurt，irritate(使…生气)，interest， fascinate。这些词均为及物动词。 English is interesting to me. I was tired.