高中英语高三第一轮复习资料.doc

高中英语必修五高三第一轮复习资料Unit 1 Great Scientists
Ⅲ．重点词汇
1. conclude vi.终结；结束; 推断；决定
[典例]
1）The meeting concluded at ten o'clock. 会议于十点钟结束。

2）It is hard to conclude. 这很难断定。

[重点用法]
conclusion n. 结束,结论
make／draw／reach／come to／arrive at a conclusion下结论，得出结论；
bring sth. to a conclusion使…结束；
in conclusion作为结论，最后；
[练习] 汉译英
1）我们推定蓝队无法按时抵达目的地。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2）我们认定他并没有告诉我们实情，也就是他在撒谎。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys:1) We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destination on time. 2) We concluded that he didn’t tell us the truth. That is, he was lying.
2. attend v. 1)注意；留意；处理(与to连用)=do with
2) 出席；到场：3)照看；照料：=take care; look after
[典例]
1）We'll attend to the problem later．稍后我们将关注那个问题。

2）Which doctor is attending you? 哪一个医生为你看病?
[重点用法]
attendance n．出席，出席的人数，伺候，照料
attend school上学
attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议
attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚礼‘/参加典礼
[练习] 汉译英
1）他们在我们不在时管理事务。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2) 他在这个领域很出名，今晚会有成千上万的敬仰者参加他的讲座。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1) They attended our affairs during our absence. 2) He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this evening.
3. expose vt.
1)使暴露, 显露2)曝光3)揭露
[重点用法]
exposure n．(在日光、风雨、危险中)暴露，暴晒(后接to + n．)；(摄影的)曝光
be exposed to ….置身于……;暴露于…
[典例]
1）A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music
称职的艺术家总能使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐
2）This film has been exposed. 这片子已经感光。

3）He exposed the plan to the newspapers.他向几家报纸透露了这个计划。

4）Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry．我暴露在寒风中，觉得嘴唇干裂。

5）As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中.
[练习]用expose的恰当形式填空。

1）The soil was washed away by the flood，_____________bare rock．
2）The baby was left ____________the wind and rain．
3）The _____________of the plot against the President probably saved his life．
Keys: 1) exposing 2) exposed to 3) exposure
4. absorb
1) 吸收2)使(精神)贯注3)占用(时间)
[重点用法]
be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于;
absorb one’s attention吸引某人注意力
[典例]
1）The equipment can absorb moisture from the air这一设备能从空中吸收水分
2）He is absorbed in study. 他专心读书。

3）This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。

[练习] 汉译英
1）颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2）这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1) Things in colour can often absorb children’s attention easily. 2) The new shoes are
specially designed to absorb the energy.
5. blame vt．责备；谴责；归咎于；
n．责怪；(过失、过错等)责任
[典例]
1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday．
那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。

2) Who is to blame for the failure? 谁该为这次的失败负责?
3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure．学生因失败而怪老师。

[重点用法]
blame sb．for(doing)sth．因(做)某事而指责某人
blame sth．on sb．因某事而指责某人
sb．be to blame for(doing)sth．因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；
注意: be to blame 应负责(无被动形式)。

[练习] 汉译英
1）看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2）这件事谁也不能怨.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
3）他指责你玩忽职守.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.
6. instruct vt教导; 指示
[典例]
1）Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year. 刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课.
2）The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans. in English
这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.
3）He was instructed when to start through the email. 他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知
4）He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。

[重点用法]
instruct sb.( in sth.) 教, 教导,传授技能
instruct sb. to do; instruct wh-命令, 指示,
instruct that-clause通知
[练习] 汉译英
1）老职工对青年职工言传身教.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2）同时要求孩子们放学后留在教室里.
_______________________________________________________________________________
___________
Keys: 1) The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words, but by deeds. 2)The children were also instructed not to leave the classroom after class.
7. contribute vi．&vt．捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿
[典例]
1）He contributed to the church．他向教会捐款。

2）He often contributes to this newspaper．他经常向这家报社投稿。

3）Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer．吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。

[重点用法]
contribution. n. 捐献，贡献；投稿
contribute…to…向……捐献(投稿)
contribute to…促成，起作用，有助于
make a contribution to／towards向……捐赠；对…作出贡献
注意: 以上短语中to为介词；
[练习]用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空。

1) Everyone is encouraged to ___________ the discussion.
2) Her work has ___________ our understanding of this difficult subject.
3) She has __________ poems to literary magazines．
Keys: 1) contribute to 2) contributed to 3) contributed
Ⅳ重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1．put forward 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名
[典例]
1）He put forward a new plan yesterday．他昨天提出一个新计划。

2）May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员会主席?
[短语归纳]
put on穿上；增加put on performances演出
put an end to结束；终止put off推迟；延期；
put one's heart into全神贯注于put down写下
put out生产；扑灭put back放回；送回
put up举起；张贴
[练习]用put构成的短语填空:
1)You can take anything from the shelf，but please _______ the books when you've finished with them．
2)He often _______ some useful advice.
Keys: 1) put back 2) puts forward
2．apart from 除……之外;另外
[典例]
1）Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher．除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。

2）Apart from the cost，the dress doesn't suit me．姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。

[短语归纳]
in addition to除……之外(还有,包括在内)
besides 除……之外(还有,包括在内)
except (for)除……之外除……之外(还有,不包括在内)
except that 除了…除……之外(还有,不包括在内)
[练习]选择以上短语填空。

1)As a senior student, we study other subjects _________ English.
2)Your article is well written ________ some spelling mistakes.
Keys: 1) besides/ in addition to/apart from 2) except for
3.make sense讲得通；有意义
[典例]
What he says makes sense．他说的有道理。

Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗?
What you say is true in a sense．你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。

[短语归纳]
make no sense讲不通；无意义make sense of 了解,明白
in a sense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上
[练习] 汉译英
1）老师试了许多次，但这个长句依然讲不通。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2）从某种意义上说，这部影片富含意义。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1) The teacher tried many times, but the long sentence still could not make sense.
2) The film is full of meaning in a sense.
V重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去．
[解释] every time可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”
[典例]
1）Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us．
每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。

2）Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.
一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。

[练习] 汉译英
１）每次我去找他，他都在专心看书．
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
２）我一见到她就把这本书给了她。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
３）我一见到他就把这封信给他。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
４）我一接到你的信就来了。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. 2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her．3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him．4) I came directly I got the letter．．
2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚．
[解释]Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装．
［练习］汉译英
１) 只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题．
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
２) 就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵．
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1) Only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. 2) Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.
3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it …..
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转．
[解释]with + 宾语+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等．
［典例］
1）With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。

2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。

[练习] 汉译英
1）老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友．
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2）随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了．
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1) With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.
2) With the test finished, we began our holiday.
课文要点（模块）
Ⅰ课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
In the times of Queen Victoria, so-called "King Cholera" hit Londoners, which often 1
（导致）large numbers of 2 (dead). Thanks to John Snow, a then well known 3 , this deadly disease finally got controlled. John Snow thought 4 most important was to find its 5 . So he began to gather the information, for which he made a map, on which he marked 6 the 7 （受害者）had lived. As a result, he found out that the 8 (污染) water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 9 （检查）immediately. Finally "King Cholera" 10 (defeat).
答案：1. resulted in 2. deaths 3. doctor 4. the 5. cause 6. where 7. victims
8. polluted 9. be examined 10. was defeated
Ⅱ课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语
这篇短文的主要意思是说斯诺找到了一种叫做霍乱疾病的起因，这是19世纪发生在伦敦的一种致命的疾病。

在斯诺的努力，该疾病终于得到控制。

The main idea of this passage is that _____________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________
答案：The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the disease called cholera which was a deadly disease in London in the 19th century. With Snow' s great efforts, the disease was finally under control.
Ⅲ课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1【原句】John Snow was a well-known doctor in Landon－( and he was) so famous, indeed (插入语), that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies.
[模仿要点]两个简单句合并成一句，很好地运用了插入语和符号来压缩句子。

【模仿1】. 张老师是个热心的老师，他那么善良我想当他的学生生病时他一定乐意帮助他们的。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___
答案：Mr. Zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our school—so kind, I think/ I believe/ I suppose/ I dare say (插入语), that he is sure to help his students when they are ill.
【模仿2】李平是我们班一位用功的学生。

他那么勤奋我想晚上不到11点他不会上床睡觉的。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___
答案：Li Ping is a hard-working boy in my class－so diligent, I suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night.
2【原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system.
[模仿要点] 冒号加that从句
【模仿1】虽然她不相信别人说的话，可她所收集的证据得出这样的结论：她的男朋友骗了她。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___
答案：Though she didn’t believe what other p eople said, the evidences that she collected led to the
conclusion: that her boy friend cheated her.
【模仿2】尽管他很聪明，但他不勤奋。

他这学期所经历的失败得出这样的结论：不劳不获_______________________________________________________________________________ ___
答案：Though he was very clever，h e didn’t work hard and all his failure ( that she experienced) this term led to the conclusion: that no pains no gains.
3【原句】He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.
[模仿要点] 句子结构：with 的复合结构作定语修饰前面的名词。

【模仿1】当你步入校园，在你面前是一个种着各种花草的大花坛。

在花坛的两边是两个高大的楼房：左边是教学楼，右边是图书馆。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___
答案：When you enter the school, you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and with two large buildings standing on both sides—the library on your right and the teaching building on your left.
【模仿2】井底之蛙，永远看不到天空的广阔，“好男儿志在四方”，让我们踏歌而行，看高高的灯塔照亮我们远航的路。

（with 结构作状语）
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___
The frog at the bottom of the well is always blind to the extension of the sky. “Ambitious men aims far.” Let's get started, with the tall lighthouse guiding our long voyage, and w ith the voice of singing accompanying.
单元自测（模块）
1. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最
1 ,” his father said. “But if you don’t work hard, no fortune will come.”
What made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didn’t like him. As a nine-year-old boy Lang Lang was badly 2 . He decided that he didn’t want to be a 3 any more. For the next two weeks he didn’t touch th e piano. 4 , his father didn’t push, but waited.
Luckily, the day came when his teacher asked him to play some holiday songs. He didn’t want to, but as he placed his fingers on the piano key, he 5 that he could show others that he had talent after all.
In the 1994 International Young Pianists Competition, when it was 6 that Lang Lang had won, he was too 7 to hold back his tears. Soon it was clear that he couldn’t stay in China forever—he had to play on the world’s big 8 . In 1997 Lang Lang 9 again, this time to Philadelphia, U. S. There he spent Two years practicing. After his 10 performance at Chicago’s Ravinia Festival, gigs(特邀演出) in Lincoln Center and Carnegie Hall started pouring in. Lang Lang finally worked to reach the place where fortune spots him, and lets him shine.
1. A. exercise B. fortune C. knowledge D. wealth
2. A. hurt B. weakened C. ruined D. frightened
3. A. singer B. pianist C. conductor D. player
4. A. Hopefully B. Patiently C. Wisely D. Painfully
5. A. seemed B. admitted C. noticed D. realized
6. A. told B. mentioned C. announced D. recognized
7. A. excited B. encouraged C. shocked D. satisfied
8. A. conceits B. tours C. competitions D. stages
9. A. started Ｂ. left C. moved D. performed
10. A. successful B. cheerful C. respectful D. meaningful
答案：
本文主要讲述了一位钢琴家成功之路的感人故事。

1. B 下文说“如果你不努力，幸运就不会到来”，因此上文是“你需要幸运”。

2. A 上文老师的话伤了朗朗，hurt表示伤了感情或身体，weaken意为减弱，ruin意为毁坏，
frighten吓倒，都不符合语境。

23. B 受到伤害的直接做法就是不再想做钢琴家了。

4. C 朗朗两个星期没练琴，而爸爸没有督促，只是等。

下文中讲到了爸爸终于等到了要听
的话，所以爸爸的做法是明智的(wisely)。

5. D 老师的话伤害了他，使他不再练琴，但当他的手再放在琴键上时，他就意识到(realize)
他有能力向别人展示他最终还是有天赋的。

26. C 当宣布(announced)朗朗获胜时，他太激动(excited)忍不住流出泪水。

27. A 见第26题解析。

28. D 他不能永远呆在中国，他要到世界的大舞台(stage)上演奏。

29. C 1997年，朗朗又搬家了，这次是去了美国。

30. A 由下文的Lincoln Center和Carnegie Hall特邀演出接踵而至，说明他的演出很成功。

2. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的
31-40的相应位置上。

to buy 31 a pair of new shoes. He measured his feet with a ruler first and wrote down his size. 32 he was in such a hurry to set out 33 he left it at home.
When he arrived at 34 shoe shop, he felt in the pocket only 35 (find) that it was not there. So he said apologetically, "I have left the measurement at home and don't know the size. I'll fetch it in one minute." 36 these words，he hurried off as fast as his legs could carry him.
He ran back home, found it and then to the shop again. But still 37 took him quite a while and the shop was already 38 (close) then. He had gone to all this trouble for nothing and did not get his shoes.
Then someone asked him with 39 (curious), “Did you buy the shoes for yourself or someone 40 ?” “ For myse lf, of course." he answered. "Then why don't you try the shoes on by yourself?”
答案：
31. himself。

反身代词作间接宾语，从后文知道是给他自己买一双新鞋。

32. But。

根据上下文逻辑关系这里应该用表示转折的连词。

33. that。

引出结果状语从句，与前面such搭配连用。

34. a。

第一次提到该鞋店应该用不定冠词。

35. to find。

only与不定式连用，用作结果状语。

意为“结果发现”。

36. With。

with these words：说完这些话。

37. it。

指代前面他回家取measurement（先前所量脚的尺寸）这件事。

38. closed。

过去分词作表语。

39. curiosity。

词形转化，此处应该用名词作介词with的宾语。

40. else。

考查else的用法。

3. 信息匹配
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。

以下是世界各地一些大学的简介：
A. John Douglas University-- Located in the United States, this small university is well known for
it's low cost and excellent science education.
B. Oxford University--Located in England, this is one of the world's oldest and most famous
universities. The rich history and beautiful scenery comes at a high cost, but the quality of the classes is excellent.
C. Brown College-- This three year technical school is located in Australia. It' s a very modem
campus, which opened only two years ago. The courses focus mainly on computers and multimedia.
D. Saint Francis University-- This religious university is located in the United States, and asks that
all students have a good knowledge of religion and American history. The school isn't the most modern, but it offers scholarships to poor students who wish to study but can't pay.
E. Concordia University--This comprehensive university is popular with students who wish to
pursue further studies after having completed their undergraduate work. The campus has more than 25,000 students.
F. Delta College-- This online school offers many degree programs through correspondence, so
students can work at home on their free time for their degree. The cost is moderate, but the convenience is worthwhile for many.
以下是一些学生的情况和求学想法的简介：请匹配学生所感兴趣的学校。

41. Michael is a young student who has always received excellent grades, but his family may
not be able to pay for his studies, they are hoping he can receive financial aid somehow. 42. Sarah comes from a wealthy family, so money isn't a problem. She loves history and hopes to
get the best education possible.
43. David is married, and must work to support his family. He hopes to get a higher education to
improve his salary.
44. Rachel loves computers and hopes to find a job in the information technology field. She lives
in London and would love to travel abroad for her studies.
45. Johnson has completed a bachelor degree in economics, and wants to continue his studies so
that he can someday teach at a famous university.
答案：
41．D [解析]从Michael的家庭情况来看，他需要奖学金的资助，因此D项符合他的需求。

42．B [解析]Sarah家庭富裕喜欢历史，追求最好的教育，故选B项。

43．F [解析]David已婚，他要养活一家人，不能去上大学，但是可以通过网络来接受教育。

Delta College刚好能满足他的要求。

44．C [解析]生活在伦敦的Rachel喜欢电脑想找到一份与信息技术有关的工作，他还想出国留学，因此C项符合她要求。

45．E [解析]Concordia University是一所多层次大学，录取想进修深造的学生继续他们的学业，这刚好符合Johnson的要求。

4. 基础写作
假设你是李华，你所在学校拟在下周开一个“如何高效地学习英语”的讲座。

请你根据以下要点给史密斯教授写一封信，邀请他给学生做这次讲座。

信的内容包括：讲座目的：让学生了解英语学习策略；
讲座内容：如何高效学习英语，如何提高学习英语的兴趣，如何自主学习；
讲座时间：1小时30分钟左右。

[写作要求)
1．必须使用5个句子介绍全部所给的内容。

2．将5个句子组织成连贯的一篇短文，使用必要的连接词。

3．开头语与结束语已给出，不计入句子总数。

4．参考词汇：策略strategy。

Dear Professor Smith，
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ _________________
[答案]
Dear Professor Smith,
Our school is planning to have a lecture on how to learn English effectively for middle school students next week and I'm writing to ask you to come and give a talk on English learning strategies. It will help us understand how to learn English in effective ways and also increase our interest in learning it, thus making us learn it actively. Do you think one and a half hours will be enough for such a lecture? Please let me know as soon as possible so that I can make arrangement.
Looking forward to seeing you and enjoying the talk.
With best wishes .
Yours,
Li Hua
Unit 2 The United Kingdom 一、语言要点
IV 重点词汇（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1.consist vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致
consist of=be made up of 由…组成;由…构成
[典例]
1)Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。

2)True charity doesn't consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。

[练习]翻译:
1) 这支球队由12人组成。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2) 这位艺术家的风格上的美在于它的简朴。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1) the team consists of 12 players. 2)The beauty of the artist's style consists in its simplicity.
2.clarify v.澄清, 阐明
[典例]
1)---Could you clarify the first point please? 请你澄清第一个要点，好吗?
---I don’t und erstand it completely，either．我也并不完全理解。

2) His mind suddenly clarified. 他的脑子突然清醒过来。

[练习] 翻译句子
1)她写信详细说明她的意图.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2)澄清某人的立场
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1)She wrote a letter to clarify her intentions. 2) clarify one's position
3.convenience n.便利, 方便, 有益, 有用的, 方便的用具
[典例]
1) We bought this house for its convenience．我们买下这所房子是为了方便。

2) Please come at your convenience．请在你方便的时候来。

3) Gas is one of the modern conveniences the newly-built apartment building provides．
这幢新造的公寓大楼装有煤气等现代化设备。

[重点用法]
inconvenience n．不方便
convenient adj．便利的，适宜的
at one's convenience在某人方便的时候
for one's convenience(of)为了某人的方便
for convenience's sake为了方便起见
make a convenience of …利用
[练习]翻译句子
1) 如果方便就来看看我。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2) 你方便明天开始工作吗?
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1)Come and see me if it is convenient to you．2) Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow?
4.influence n.& vt.影响, 感化, 势力, 有影响的人(或事)
[典例]
1) What influenced you to do it?是什么感染了你要这么做？
2) Don’t be influenced by him; you should hold your ow n decision.别被他影响了你，你该有你自己的决定。

[重点用法]
have influence on/with…对……产生影响
under the influence of 在......的影响下
[练习]翻译句子
1）父母亲的行为总会给孩子带来影响。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2）在议会的影响下，总统改变了主意。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1) What parents do always has influence on their children. 2) The president changed his idea under the influence of the senate.
5.available adj.可用到的, 可利用的,有空的,
[典例]
1) Attention，please．These tickets are available on the day of issue only．
请注意，这种车票仅在发售当天有效
2) Dresses are not available in your size, I’m afraid.
这些衣服恐怕没有你的尺寸。

[重点用法]
反义词：unavailable
[考例]单项填空
We regret to inform you that there are no tickets ______ for Friday’s perf ormance.
A. available
B. spare
C. convenient
D. affordable
【解析】根据句意“我们很遗憾地通知你星期五的演出票没有了”。

可知available “可提供的，可得到的”，常作后置定语。

答案：A。

[练习]翻译句子
1) 这里没有这本书。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2)在拥挤的地方,没有车位可用。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys: 1) This book is not available here. 2) In the busy place, no car parking is available for use.
6.arrange v.安排, 排列, 协商
[典例]
1) The child was required to arrange his shoes in a neat row by his parents.
家长要这个小孩把鞋放成整齐的一排
2) He was arranged by his family to marry a girl of his own class 他家里安排他娶一个门当户对的女孩。

[重点用法]
arrange for安排, 准备
arrange with sb. about sth.与某人商定某事
[练习]翻译句子
1)你得在会议开始前把书架上的书整理好。

2）他们在秘密地为一场盛大婚礼做准备
Keys: 1) You should finish arranging the books on the shelves before the meeting. 2) They are arranging for a big wedding secretly.
7. delight n.快乐, 高兴, 喜悦v. (使)高兴, (使)欣喜
[典例]
1)Sometimes an old movie can still delight the people who have a sweet memory for the old
days.有时一部旧片仍能给怀念旧时光的人们带来喜悦。

2)The movie Xi Yangyang & Hui Tailang gave delight to millions of children. 电影《喜羊羊与
灰太郎》使千万小朋友获得乐趣。

[重点用法]
take/find/have delight in喜爱, 以...为乐
to sb.'s delight令人高兴的是...
delight in 嗜好
[练习]翻译句子
1)他的表演使观众感到满意。

2)唱歌是她的主要爱好。

3)年轻人喜欢旅行。

Keys: 1) He delighted the audience with his performance. 2) Singing is her chief delight. 3) The young delight in /take delight/ in travels
V 重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
1.take the place of代替,取代
[典例]
1) In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。

2) I’ll take the place of Mr．Lin next week．=I’ll take Mr．Lin's place next week．
下周我将代替林老师。

[重点用法]
take place发生；举行
take one's place就位；代替某人
in place of (= instead of)代替
in place在适当的位置
out of place不得其所，不适当地
in the first place首先
from place to place到处；各处
[练习] 选择以上短语填空
1) A sudden accident _______ in the street last evening.
2)She likes everything _______ before she starts to work．She hates a mess．
Keys: 1)took place 2)in place
2. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解
[经典例句]
1) The bridge broke down．桥塌了。

2) The engine broke down．发动机坏了。

3) He has broken down from overwork．他因工作过度而累垮了。

4) Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen．水可以分解为氢和氧。

5) The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious pollution．再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。

[词汇激活]
break away from摆脱，脱离
break in闯入；插话
break into闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)
break off中止；折断；打折
break out爆发；突然发生
break through突破；冲垮
break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离
[练习]请填人适当的介词或副词：
1)To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it ___________ into pieces.
2) The elevator broke _______.
3) Fighting broke_______ in the prison cells.
4)Fire broke _______during the night.
5) On the way to the prison house, the prisoners suddenly broke _______ from the policeman. Keys: 1) down 2) down 3) out 4) out 5) away
3. leave out省去,遗漏
[典例]
1) You have left out the most important word in this sentence．
你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。

2) Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party．
当你邀请人们去参加晚会时，别把我漏掉了。

[重点用法]
leave for 动身到(某处)
leave alone不管;撇下…一个人
leave aside搁置
leave behind遗忘;遗留
[练习]请填人适当的介词或副词：
1) They were left ______ in the wilderness.
2) He was asked to make up the information left ______ by the leader.
Keys: 1) alone 2) out
VI 重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
1. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the four countries.
没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。

[解释]There is no need to do没有必要做某事
There is no doubt that ……是毫无疑问的
[练习]汉译英
1) 我们有必要再去那一趟吗?
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2) 没必要给他写封信告知这个消息.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Keys:
1) Is there any need for us to go there again?
2) There is no need to write to him and inform him the news.
1.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in
London.
这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.
[解释] It is/seems/…that …从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成
[典例]
1) It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。

2) It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。

[练习]翻译
1）真奇怪,他竟然考试不及格.
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
2）似乎很奇怪，他能够通过触摸判断花的种类。

_______________________________________________________________________________ ___________
Key: 1)It’s strange that he should fail the exam. 2) It seemed strange that he could tell the different kinds of flower by touching.
二、课文要点
1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
The United Kingdom 1 （由…组成）four countries: England, 2 , Scotland and Northern Ireland, 3 is known to the world in a flag 4 (call) the Union Jack. The four countries do work together in some areas, but they have developed different 5 (教育的) and legal systems. England, the largest of the four countries, is 6 (大致) divided into three zones. Its capital, 7 , has been influenced by the invaders of England, and you will find 8 greatest historical treasure in it.
答案：1. consists of 2. Wales 3. which 4. called 5. educational 6. roughly 7. London 8. the
2课文大意概括（旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或将下面的短文译成英语。

从短文中我们得知联合王国由四个国家：英格兰，威尔士，苏格兰和北爱尔兰组成。

它还介绍了英国和伦敦，并说明英格兰文化如何受到入侵者的影响。

From the passage we know _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___
答案：From the passage we know the United Kingdom consists of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It also gives us a brief introduction of England and London, and explains how the culture of England was influenced by its invaders
3课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）
1【原句】The greatest historical treasure of all is London with its museums, art collections, theatres, parks and buildings.
[模仿要点] 将两个简单句合并成一句，并很好地运用with + N. 作定语。

【模仿】1.作为奥运项目，射击稳步发展，1896年奥运会只有三个项目，现今有17项。

(NMET2008)
_______________________________________________________________________________ ___
答案：As an Olympic sport, shooting has been developing steadily with only three events in 1896 but 17 events at the moment.
【模仿】2. 如收门票，需建大门﹑围墙，会影响城市形象。