【长江作业】高一英语人教版必修1学案：第四单元 Period Ⅱ Warming Up

Period ⅡWarming Up & Reading
1．right away 立刻；马上
(教材P25)Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.设想一下你的家开始震动，你必须马上离开。

He didn't answer my question right away.
他没有马上回答我的问题。

(2014·重庆高考·阅读理解A)I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.我能够马上看出她奶奶病得很严重。

和right away意义相同的词或短语还有immediately，at once，in no time
和right now。

(2013·北京高考·阅读理解A)Take action right now! 现在就要行动起来！
Let's pack up and start at once.
让我们整理好行李立刻出发。

I suggest to them that they set about working immediately.
我建议他们立刻着手工作。

【名师点津】right now一词多义
right now除了有“立刻、马上”的意思外，也可以表示“就是现在”的意思。

句型转换
①If you leave immediately you will catch the last train.
→If you leave __________________ you will catch the last train.
→If you leave __________________
you will catch the last train.
②Alice is reading a novel at this moment.
→Alice is reading a novel __________________．
③You don't look well.You'd better go and see a doctor at once.
→You don't look well.You'd better go and see a doctor __________________．
【答案】① right away/at once; in no time② right now③right away 2．(教材P26)In the farmyards，the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都因过于惶恐而不想进食。

【要点提炼】too...to...“太……而不能”，含有否定意义，相当于not...enough to...。

She is too short to reach the book on the shelf.
＝She is not tall enough to reach
the book on the shelf.
她太矮了而不能够到架子上的书。

(2014·湖北高考·阅读理解C)They are too shy or nervous to use the social information.他们太害羞或太紧张而不会用社会信息。

①too...to...结构与not或never连用时，不定式为肯定意义。

not/never too...to...，意为“无论……也不过分；
太……而不会不……”。

②too后面跟表示心情、态度的形容词，如anxious，eager，glad，pleased，ready，willing等时，相当于very，不定式为肯定意义。

It's never too late to learn.活到老学到老。

She is only too excited to get so such money.
得到那么多钱，她很激动。

句型转换
①The boy is not old enough to go to school.
→The boy is __________________ go to school.
②I am very glad to get such a nice gift.
→I am ________ glad ________ get such a nice gift.
③The box is too heavy for me to lift.
→The box is ________ heavy ________ I can not lift it.
【答案】① too young to② too; to③ so; that
3．burst vi.爆裂；爆发n．突然
爆裂；爆发
(教材P26)In the city，the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。

【图形助记】burst一词多义
A large amount of water flowed out because of the burst in the water pipe.由于水管突然破裂，大量的水喷了出来。

There was a burst of laughter in the room when I passed by.我经过时，房间里突然传来一阵笑声。

(1)burst in/into闯进
(2)burst into tears/laughter 突然大哭/大笑起来
burst out crying/laughing 突然哭泣/大笑
(3)burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/心花怒放
(2013·江西高考·阅读理解A)Suddenly，they burst out laughing.他们突然笑了起来。

I felt as if my heart would burst with joy.我觉得自己高兴得心花怒放。

【名师点津】不变的“burst”
burst的过去式和过去分词仍然是burst，不要要词尾加－ed形式。

完成句子
①他不敲门就突然闯进了房间。

He __________________ the room without knocking at the door.
②听到消息她突然哭起来。

Hearing the news，she __________________．
③汤姆经常因为小事勃然大怒。

Tom often __________________ for small things.
【答案】① burst into② burst into tears/burst out crying③bursts with anger
4．(教材P26)It seemed as_if the world was at_an_end．世界似乎到了末日。

(1)as if (＝as though) 仿佛；好像
(2013·山东高考·完形填空)It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.看起来除了我以外每个人都交了朋友，玩得很愉快。

(2014·广东高考·阅读理解C)They offered their homes，hearts，and food as if I were their own family.他们
主动提供了家庭、热心和食物好像我是他们家庭的一员。

He kept working as if nothing had happened.他继续工作，仿佛什么都没有发生似的。

He stood up as if to leave.他站起身来好像要离开。

完成句子
①看起来海水好像不干净，不能游泳。

__________________ it isn't clean enough to bathe here.
②这对老夫妇像亲生的儿子一样对待他。

The old couple treated him ________ he ______________．
③士兵动了动嘴唇好像要说什么。

The solider moved his lips as if __________________________________ __________________________________ ____.
【答案】①It seems as if②as if; were their own son
③to say something
(2)at an end 结束；终结
As soon as you hear it，you know the meeting is at an end.一听到这句话，你就知道会议要结束了。

The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。

①at the end of既可作时间状语也可作地点状语，表示“在……末，在……
的尽头；在……的末梢”。

②by the end of用作时间状语，表示“到……末为止；不迟于……”，强调最后时限，常和过去完成时态或将来完
成时态连用。

③in the end用作时间状语，表示“最后；终于”，不可与of连用。

④come to an end“结束”，为动词短语。

By the end of next year they will have finished the project.到明年年底他们将会完成工程。

(2014·安徽高考·完形填空)At the end of the day，she returned to take me back to my accommodation.那一天结束的时候她回来把我带回到了我的住所。

(2014·湖北高考·阅读理解A)Why did the boy have tears in his eyes in the end? 男孩最后为什么哭了？
选词填空(at an end/at the end of/by the end of/in the end)
①__________________ 1980 the bridge had been completed.
②There is a post office __________________ the street.
③She dreamed of being a doctor and she became a doctor __________________．
④My holiday is __________________ and I must go back to work tomorrow.
【答案】①By the end of②at the end of③ in the end④ at an end 5．ruin n. 废墟；毁灭vt. 毁灭；使破产
We saw the ruins of the old church.我们看到了那座旧教堂的废墟。

Heavy smoking ruined his health.
过度吸烟毁坏了他的健康。

in ruins 严重受损；
破败不堪
fall/come into ruins 毁灭；成为废墟
Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.多年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。

The castle has fallen into ruin.那城堡已成为废墟。

【图形助记】“破坏”知多少
destroy damage ruin
破坏(不能修复)毁坏；损坏(还可修复)(逐渐)毁坏
选词填空(ruin/destroy/damage)
①Her heart was slightly ________as a result of her long illness.
②His life was ________by drink.
③The earthquake almost ________all the bridges in this area.
【答案】①damaged②ruined ③destroyed
6．injure vt.损害；伤害
(教材P26)Two－thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.2/3的人在地震中死去或受伤。

It is obvious that this could seriously injure the company's
reputation.显而易见，这会严重损害公司的声誉。

(2014·北京高考·阅读理解B)My arm was injured，but the outcome for us could hardly have been better.我的胳膊受了伤，可是我们的结果却不可能更好了。

(1) injured adj. 受伤的
get injured 受伤
the injured 伤员
(2) injury n. 伤口；伤害
(2014·陕西高考·完形填空)By now medical staff had arrived，and were looking after the injured woman.到现在为止医疗人员已经到达，正在照料那位受伤的妇女。

He suffered serious injuries to arms and legs.
他的胳膊和腿都受了重伤。

(1)选词填空(injure/wound/hurt/harm)
①The soldier was ________in the arm in the war.
②He can't play today，because he's ________his knee.
③I was very much________at his words.
④This bright light will do great ________to your eyes.
(2)用injure的适当形式填空
⑤The accident caused three deaths and five ________．
⑥She got ________ when she was trapped in the wood.
【答案】①wounded②injured ③hurt④harm⑤injuries⑥injured
7．shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动n.休克；打击；震惊
(教材P26)People were shocked.人们惊呆了。

(2014·山东高考·阅读理解C)A trial that shocked the whole world.一次震惊
世界的审判。

She is still in a state of shock.她仍然惊魂未定。

(1) be a shock to...使……震
惊
(2) shocked adj. 感到震惊的
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很震惊
be shocked at 对……感到震惊
(3) shocking adj. 令人震惊的
His death was a great shock to the whole world.他的死震惊了整个世界。

They were shocked to hear the
news.他们听到那消息很震惊。

(2013·浙江高考·完形填空)I received some shocking news from my program coordinator.我从项目负责人那里得到了一些令人震惊的消息。

完成句子
①看到儿子抽烟父亲很震惊。

Father __________________ his son smoking.
②我对她的失败感到震惊。

I __________________ her failure.
③令人震惊的画面震惊了在场的所有人。

The ________ pictures ________ all the people present.
【答案】①was shocked to see
② was shocked at
③shocking; shocked
8．(教材P26)Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些救援人员和医生被
困在废墟下面。

(1) rescue n．&vt. 救援；营救
The rescue team is working around the clock.救援队正在夜以继日地工作。

(2014·四川高考·阅读理解B)I had a tour of the prison before Mum rescued me.我在监狱待呆了一段时间妈妈才把我救出。

(1)rescue workers救援
人员
a rescue team 救援队
come to/go to sb's rescue＝rescue sb.
援救某人
(2)rescue sb./sth.from... 把……从……营救出来
We came to his rescue and pulled him out of the river.
我们来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。

The firemen rescued five children from the burning house yesterday.昨天消防队员从着火的房子里营救出了五个孩子。

完成句子
①汤姆在回家的路上从河里救上了一个男孩。

Tom ________ a boy ________ the river on his way home.
②警察来救他并把他送回了家。

The police __________________ and sent him home.
③救援工人两小时后到达现场。

________________ arrived at the scene two hours later.
【答案】①rescued; from②came to his rescue
③Rescue workers
(2) trap vt. 使陷入困境n．陷阱
The bear was trapped.那只熊被陷阱所困。

(2013·北京高考·阅读理解B)Grace lost her tail as a baby when she got caught up in a fish trap.格蕾丝(小海豚)小的时候因捕鱼夹子失去了尾巴。

①set/lay a trap 设陷阱
fall into a trap 落入陷阱
②trap sb.into (doing)．.. 诱使某人(做)……
be trapped in/under... 被困在……中/下面
Don't try to trap me into
thinking.别引诱我去思考。

She was trapped in the burning house.
她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。

介词填空
①We were asked to rescue the workers trapped ________ the mine.
②He was trapped ________ saying that he liked the girl.
③ A fox fell ________ a trap and was caught alive.
【答案】①under②into ③into
9．(教材P26)All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。

【句式分析】此句为部分否定的表达。

不定代词all与否定副词not连用，表示部分否定。

All of us don't have such experiences.并不是我们每个人都有这种经历。

除all之外，英语中的both，each，every，everybody，everything等具有总括意义的代词与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”的意
思。

(2014·湖北高考·阅读理解B)However，not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.可是，并不是每个人都认为这是在向好的方面改变。

I do not like either of them.＝I like neither of them.
他们两个我都不喜欢。

【名师点津】no/not用于全部否定
英语中的no，none，never，nobody，nothing，neither，no one，nowhere，
no more，no longer，no way，not...either 等表示否定意义的词(词组)与肯定式谓语一起使用构成全部否定。

汉译英
①并非所有的朋友都来参加了派对。

______________________________ __________________________________ ________
②他们两个不都是王菲的粉丝。

______________________________ __________________________________ ________
③所有的学生都不理解他所说的话。

______________________________ __________________________________ ________
【答案】① All the friends did not come to the party./Not all the friends
came to the party.
②Not both of them are the fans of Wang Fei.
③None of the students understood what he said.
10．bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
(教材P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and bury the dead.部队组织小分队挖出那些被困人员并掩埋死者。

(2014·山东高考·阅读理解C)Mumbet's tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.Mumbet 的墓碑仍然立在马萨诸塞公墓埋葬她的地方。

Dogs like to bury bones.狗喜欢藏骨头。

(1)bury sth.in...把……埋
到……里
(2)
⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫be buried in bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于；沉浸于
The envelope was buried in some
papers on my desk.
那只信封被我桌子上的一些文件盖
住了。

She buried herself in her work.她埋
头于工作。

【图形助记】 一词多义的“bury ”
bury 掩埋 bury
oneself in study 专心学习
一句多译
由于他埋头读书，所以他不知道外
面下雨了。

→①__________________________________ __________________________________ ____
______________________________ __________________________________ ________(使用连词because)
→②__________________________________ __________________________________ ____
______________________________ __________________________________ ________(使用现在分词burying作状语)
→③__________________________________ __________________________________ ____
______________________________ __________________________________
________(使用过去分词buried作状语) 【答案】①Because he buried himself in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside./Because he was buried in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside.②Burying himself in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside.③Buried in the book，he didn't know it was raining outside.
11．a (great) number of许多；大量的
(教材P27)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.如此多的人员死亡是因为地震发生时人们正在睡觉。

A great number of new factories have been set up in my hometown.我的家乡建立了许多新工厂。

(2013·广东高考·阅读理解D)A number of other hight－tech methods
are becoming increasingly popular.许多其他高科技方法正变得越来越受欢迎。

(1)选词填空(a number of/the number of)
①________________ teachers are present today.________________ them is 200.
②________________ people have applied for the job.
(2)用be的适当形式填空
③The number of the guests invited
yesterday ____________ 50，but a number of them ____________ absent for different reasons.
【答案】① A number of; The number of②A number of③was; were。