河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练

阅读理解
A few years ago, Paul Allen, the co-founder of Microsoft, published the results of something called the Great Elephant Census, which counted all the savanna elephants in Africa. What it found rocked the conservation world: In the seven years between 2007 and 2014, Africa’s savanna elephant population decreased by about a third and was on track to disappear completely from some African countries in as few as 10 years.
To change that trend, researchers landed on a technology that is rewriting the rules for everything from our daily appliances to our cars: artificial intelligence. “AI can process huge amounts of information to tell us where the elephants are, how many there are,” said Cornell University researcher Peter Wrege. “And possibly tell us what they are doing.”
There are two kinds of elephants in Africa: savanna elephants, which were counted by Allen’s census, and forest elephants, which the census couldn’t account for because that elephant lives in thick rainforest. In the forest, Wrege says, losing a forest elephant is easy to do. “Sometimes you see them, let’s say, 15 meters away from you and then they move 5 meters into the forest and you can’t see them,” he said. “Somehow they just disappear.”
Wrege’s use of artificial intelligence in the rainforest has been less remarkable, but no less important. The networks on which his forest elephant count depends are still training, so he doesn’t have a precise forest elephant count yet. He has found that trying to count forest elephants depends on various factors. But the AI has uncovered some unexpected things. For example, it appears that elephants don’t go to some parts of the forest during specific times of the year. That’s important to know because it can inform the way conservation park managers position their forces. “You can say,” Wrege said. “OK, we know that elephants are not using this huge part of this park for these seven months. No poachers are going to find an elephant anyway. So we don’t need to send any anti-poaching teams there.”
1．What does the underlined part “that trend” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The use of Al in the forest.B．The dependence on Microsoft.
C．The decrease of elephant population.D．The progress of the conservation world. 2．Why is it hard to count forest elephants?
A．The thick forest affects the normal use of AI.
B．It’s easy for them to disappear into the forest.
C．Conservation workers often get lost in the forest.
D．They move to different forests in different seasons.
3．What can be learned about the AI?
A．It is taken advantage of by poachers.B．It will be used to count other animals.
C．It has already made some useful discoveries.D．It can count the exact number of forest animals.
4．In what way can forest elephants benefit from AI now?
A．They’re safe in all parts of the forest.
B．Poachers can be recognized by networks.
C．Protecting force can be better positioned in the park.
D．Park managers are training them to adapt to new conditions.
The simple word “fun” only has one syllable（音节）, so you'd think you'd add “er” or “est” on it to create comparatives or superlatives. But if you were to say “I think Magic Kingdom is a funner park than Epcot.” or “Fantasy World was the funnest vacation ever!” , you might get some strange looks. It sounds like something cute-because-it's-wrong that a little kid would say. You might begin to doubt the existence of such a word as “funner”. But. . . why? “Fun” has one syllable. So why do we choose to use “more fun” as the comparative—especially considering that the similar word “funny”, which has more syllables than “fun”, uses the suffixes（后缀）with no problem?
Well, the confusion comes from the fact that the word “fun” was not originally an adjective （形容词）. Until the early 19th century, it was mostly just a noun, and it gained its meaning as “amusement” in the 18th century. But as early as the 1800s, people began using it as an adjective, the way we'd describe “a fun time” or “a fun place” today.
And, as they usually do when people use words wrong, grammar experts blamed this usage, one professor saying that hearing the adjective version of “fun” caused severe sickness" in him. But obviously, that didn't stop people from using “fun” as an adjective, which brought up the question of its comparative and superlative forms.
Grammarians have mostly come around to the use of “fun” as an adjective though some dictionaries still call it informal, but the comparative and superlative forms are a bit more
wishy-washy. There was and remains a mentality of “Fine, you can use ‘fun’ as an adjective. . . but, like, it's not a real one, so it can't follow the rules of real adjectives”. Most dictionaries agree that the answer to “is funner a word?” is yes. But this doesn't mean that "more fun" and "most fun" are incorrect. In fact, in formal writing, you'll probably still want to use those instead of “funner” and “funnest”.
5．How is the text developed?
A．By comparing two different usages.
B．By exploring the answer to a question.
C．By providing evidence for an argument.
D．By looking at different aspects of a problem.
6．What happened to the word “fun” in the early 19th century?
A．It began to be used as an adjective.
B．It was taken in by dictionaries.
C．It gets the meaning”amusement”.
D．It appeared in formal writing.
7．What was grammarians' attitude towards using “fun”as an adjective?
A．They tried to stop people using it.
B．They were unwilling to accept it.
C．They were confused as to what to do.
D．They blamed each other for the mistake.
8．What's the best title for the text?
A．Is Funner a Word?B．Are Grammarians Correct?
C．Can All Rules be Followed?D．Will the Confusion Continue?
Given the crowds of visitors and many attractions at the Disney parks, it's easy to get lost. Thankfully, you will always find a worker to point you in the right direction. When you do, you just might start to notice something unique about their body language—and it's just one of the many secrets Disney employees won't tell you.
Cast members, as park employees are called, are taught in their training to always point with two fingers instead of one. The first reason for this is that pointing with just the one index
finger(食指), as most Americans do, is considered impolite in some cultures and countries. The
Disney parks have always attracted many international visitors, so the friendlier two-finger gesture became the norm among employees, in an effort to be sensitive and welcoming to every person. Employees have even affectionately named it "the Disney point”. Michaela Paris, a former Disney employee, said the Disney point is a sign of respect.
"Disney receives plenty of foreign travelers to their parks. The typical single finger point is a symbol of disrespect and has a negative(负面的) meaning in many cultures. Therefore, Disney created 'the Disney point' to accommodate all of their guests, " Paris said.
Other sources say this way of pointing is related to Disney himself. According to the Huffington Post, it's actually how Walt Disney himself used to point things out to visitors, because he usually had a cigarette balanced between the two fingers. You won't find cast members today smoking a cigarette—there's no smoking allowed for anyone, employees or guests, once you are inside the entrances at Disney parks—but the tradition of pointing with two fingers still stands.
Keep an eye out for the statue of Walt and Mickey doing "the Disney point" next time you're at Disney World. Meanwhile don't miss other such rules that all Disney employees must follow. 9．When will a visitor probably notice "the Disney point"?
A．When asking the way.B．When entering the park.
C．When greeting foreigners.D．When smoking a cigarette.
10．What does “the Disney point” refer to?
A．A gesture.B．An employee.C．A park.D．A statue. 11．What does the underlined word "accommodate" in paragraph 3 mean?
A．offer space to.B．put up.C．provide food for.D．adapt to. 12．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Rules to follow in the park.
B．The life story of Walt Disney.
C．Some attractions at Disney World.
D．A possible origin of “the Disney point”.
Lonely? You’re hardly alone. Loneliness was becoming a growing problem for teens, especially girls throughout industrial nations across the globe. That’s the finding of a new study.
The new study linked rising loneliness to a greater use of smartphones and the Internet over the same years. Jean Twenge and her team shared their new findings in the July 20 Journal of
Adolescence. Twenge, a psychologist working at San Diego State University in California, and her team have found since 2012, U. S. teens have been spending less time together face-to-face. “Smartphones can help keep us connected with friends,” says Twenge. “But they can also make people feel excluded.” Girls, especially, may feel this way. Studies have shown that girls may feel like an outcast if the photos and selfies they post don’t get a lot of “likes”.
And then there’s “phubbing”, a mixture of “phone” and “snubbing”. It’s a moment in which a friend or family member takes out a phone and stares at it, ignoring everybody else, including you. Phubbing is one way tech can affect you, even when you’re not the one using it.
The fact that so many more were reporting loneliness is a worrisome trend. Could technology really be behind that? “In general, I tend to think of technology as one piece of a broader puzzle contributing to loneliness,” says Amanda Lenhart, a researcher who studies how technology affects people’s lives at the Data & Society Research Institute.
If technology leads to loneliness, should we stop using it? “No, not at all,” argues Twenge. “Everybody of all ages is trying to figure out how we can best use these technologies and stay mentally healthy.” Her favorite bit of advice is to “use your smartphone for what it’s good for. Then put it away”. That includes putting it away overnight—ideally in another room.
13．What does the underlined word “excluded” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Left out.B．Content.C．Taken in.D．Confident. 14．What kind of person does “phubbing” refer to?
A．Being abused on the Internet.B．Being affected by technology.
C．Mixing words to create new ones.D．Ignoring someone in favor of a phone. 15．What advice does Twenge give about the use of the telephone?
A．Reducing its use.B．Banning it thoroughly.
C．Using it appropriately.D．Never using it overnight.
16．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A personal diary.B．A questionnaire survey.
C．A science magazine.D．A science fiction.
Common-cold Sense
You can’t beat it, but you don’t have to join it. Maybe it got the name “common cold” because it’s more common in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn’t have anything to do
with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses(鼻病毒), and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.
Children are the most common way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults—an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven’t had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses. There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune(免疫的)to it –but only it.
Colds are usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person’s hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the most common route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails(拇指甲)of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.
Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant(消毒剂) soap, especially when children in your household have colds.
But even careful hygiene won’t ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes?
The old prescription(处方)of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you’ll also find some of the folk remedies worth trying. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.
17．According to the passage, you may have a cold because of ________ .
A．cold weather
B．the spread of rhinoviruses
C．another person’s coughing
D．washing hands too often
18．What does the underlined part “ward off” in paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．To take part in
B．To be related to
C．To prevent from happening.
D．To have the chance of
19．According to the passage, when you are having a cold, ________.
A．you can get better only by drinking lots of water
B．you must get the cold from others’ sneezing or coughing
C．it is always the same kind of cold that you had last time
D．it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last time
20．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To sell some medicine
B．To talk about “common cold”
C．To introduce ways to cure cold
D．To teach people to keep clean
Most people can’t live to 100.Those who do live so long can hardly walk, let alone take part in any activities. A few people, however, take part in dangerous activities even though they are more than 100 years old﹣They keep going and going! There is a great grandmother who likes challenging herself although she is 101 years old this year.
Mary Hardison believes that people should always be cheerful and more importantly, take on all kinds of adventures while they physically still can. So, instead of celebrating her 101st birthday with a boring party, she decided to go paragliding(滑翔跳伞)﹣an idea she got from her 75﹣year ﹣old son who recently took it up as a hobby.
So on her birthday, cheered on by her big family, she tied herself up together with expert instructor Kevin Hintze, and jumped down fearlessly from the sky near her home in Ogden, Utah. And, it was not just a simple jump either. According to Kevin Hintze, the grandmother encouraged him to turn around, as they made their way down.
This is not the first time that Mary has done something “wild” and “crazy”. For her 90th birthday she rode all the adult rides at Disneyland. And, she is not done yet﹣For her 102nd birthday she hopes to go down the 3,000 feet Alpine Slide at Utah’s Park City Mountain Resort!
Not surprisingly, this great action has made Mary Hardison very famous and also earned her a place in the Guinness World Records where she broke a 2007 record set by a 100﹣year﹣old British woman. What an amazing lady!
21．What do we know about Mary Hardison？
A．She took up paragliding as her hobby at the age of 75.
B．She is the oldest woman in the Guinness World Records.
C．She was recorded in the Guinness World Records in 2007.
D．She is a 101﹣year﹣old lady who likes challenging herself.
22．From whom did Mary get the idea of going paragliding？
A．A 100﹣year﹣old British woman.B．Her 75﹣year﹣old son.
C．Her grandson.D．Kevin Hintze.
23．How does the author feel about Mary’s action？
A．Doubtful.B．Supportive.C．Amazed.D．Worried. 24．What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A．A 101-year-old lady’s Life Story
B．Paragliding Is Hot
C．How to Learn Paragliding
D．Never too Old to Learn Something New
From the age of 6, Samirah Horton was bullied (欺凌) by her classmates for the things that made her different — her size and her sharp voice. Rather than giving up, Horton decided to pick up a microphone and make sure other children knew they weren’t alone. “I didn’t want other kids to go through that experience,” says Horton, “especially at a very young age.” Now, alongside attending eighth grade classes, she’s also building an anti-bullying platform to reach students across the country.
For as long as Horton remembers, she's felt a special connection to music. She remembers her mother always having the radio on, and her father teaching her how to deejay (主持) . Music gives her unlimited power to do the duty. “It’s music that fuels my mission, allowing me to spread this important message,”she says. Now as the Kid DJ for her hometown team, you can hear anything from the hip-hop classics to songs of her own, including the anti-bullying song “No You Won’t Bully Me”.
Her message has reached beyond the DJ set. At 8. Horton turned one of her songs into a
26-page picture book, which has reached thousands of people across America. In the book, she references the over 160,000 students who miss school daily for fear of being bullied.
Horton isn’t sure exactly what the future holds, but for now, she’s positive about leading her school’s student government. “I don’t know exactly what I’ll be doing, but I know I’ll be making a positive influence on the world,” she says. She’s already on her way, but her biggest achievement in her own eyes is persuading others not to doubt themselves along the way. “Don’t care what
anybody tells you,” she says. “You are never too young to make a change.”
25．Why was Horton bullied?
A．Because of her age.B．Because of her weight.
C．Because of her grades.D．Because of her hobby.
26．What does the underlined word “mission” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Task.B．Anger.C．Skill.D．Curiosity. 27．What can we learn from Horton’s story?
A．Fear invites danger.B．No voice is too small.
C．Success is peace of mind.D．Imperfections are beauty.
28．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．A Picture-Book Writer
B．A Hip-Hop Music Lover
C．An Environmental Activist
D．An Anti-Bullying Advocate
A little kid is looking at a new picture book. Suddenly it points to a picture and shouts “chair”. The kid makes the right call, but that does not seem particularly interesting to us. We recognize all kinds of chairs as “chair” without any difficulty. For a kid, however, this is a huge learning process. It must associate the chair pictured in the book with the chairs it already knows — even though they may have different shapes or colors. How does the child do that?
The answer is categorization. Every time a child meets a chair, it stores the experience. Based on similarities between the chairs, the child’s brain will abstract the characteristics and functions
of chairs by forming the category “chair”. This allows the child to later quickly link new chairs to the category and the knowledge it contains.
Our brain categorizes continuously. “Without categorization, we would not be able to interact with our environment as efficiently as we do,” Picter Goltstein, a senior professor says. In other words: We would have to learn for every new chair we meet that we can sit on it. “But the general processes of categorization in the brain are largely unknown,” he added.
Some scientists tested whether mice categorize in a way similar to us. To do so, they showed mice different pictures of different patterns and gave them a sorting rule. The mice were able to learn the rule and reliably sorted the given patterns into the correct category. They even put
patterns they had not seen before into the correct categories. Therefore, the study demonstrates for the first time how well mice categorize and approach our ability for abstraction.
The researchers found that certain neurons (神经元) in a brain area became active when the mice sorted the patterns. Interestingly, different groups of neurons reacted selectively to individual categories. After observing the activity of such neurons from the beginning to the end of category learning, the researchers found that the neurons didn’t acquire their selectivity immediately, but only developed it little by little during the learning process.
29．What does the first paragraph tell us?
A．Learning should happen with joy.B．Chairs are easy to recognize for kids. C．Kids can group things of similar nature.D．Picture books are attractive to little kids. 30．Why is Picter Goltstein mentioned?
A．To explain how to interact effectively.
B．To tell the way the brain work efficiently
C．To show how to recognize different things.
D．To stress the importance of categorization.
31．How can we describe the mice’s performance?
A．Rather bad.B．As expected.
C．Surprisingly good.D．Better than human’s.
32．What can we learn from the mice experiment?
A．The rules of selectivity are found.
B．People can say when to categorize.
C．Categorization develops over time.
D．All the neurons respond at the same time.
The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of
the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
33．Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A．To collect money for schools.B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children’s health.D．To encourage research in education. 34．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A．They turned to overseas markets.B．They raised the prices of their products. C．They cut down on their production.D．They reduced their products’ sugar content. 35．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A．Most alcoholic drinks.B．Milk-based drinks.C．Fruit juices.
D．Classic Coke.
36．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A．It is a short-sighted decision.B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.D．It upsets customers.
He was the last person who should have run into a burning building—he had lung disease. But that didn’t stop him. Michael Surrell and his wife was parking when they got a call from their daughter: “The house next door is on fire!” He went to investigate.
Though the fire department had been called, Surrell ran inside. The thick smoke burned his eyes and made it impossible to breathe. The conditions were life-threatening for Surrell.
After a few minutes, he went outside to catch his breath. Taking a deep breath, he went in again. The house was similar to his, so he made it to the second floor. He couldn’t see anything. Then a soft moan (呻吟声) came. Still unable to see, Surrell crawled (爬行) toward the sound, feeling around for any sign of the trapped.
Finally, he touched something. He pulled the kid toward him and held her into his arms and stood. He fought through the smoke and ran into the blackness. The next thing he knew, he was at the front door, then outside. Surrell put Tiara down on the porch. He started CPR. Soon a cough came from Tiara’s throat. Surrell gave five more breaths. She coughed again, opened her eyes and took a breath on her own.
Surrell woke up in the hospital days later, having suffered severe burns to his lungs. He spent a week in the hospital. The fire worsened Surrell’s condition, and he feels the effects even two years later. “It’s a small price to pay,” he says. “I’d do it again without a second thought.”37．What was Surrell doing when he got to know the fire?
A．He was parking.B．He was walking with his wife.
C．He was washing his car.D．He was talking with his daughter. 38．What can we learn from the text?
A．Surrell saved Tiara at his first attempt.
B．Surrell never regret carrying out his deed.
C．Surrell called the fire department before running inside.
D．Surrell saw Tiara on the second floor and carried her outside.
39．Which words can best describe Surrell?
A．Kind and devoted.B．Brave and devoted.C．Generous and kind.D．Considerate and devoted.
40．What is the best title for the text?
A．A Big Fire Broke out B．A Man Carried out CPR to Save a Girl C．The Last Man Saved Another Person D．Surrell Suffered Severe Burns to His Lungs
参考答案
1．C
2．B
3．C
4．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。

文章主要说明了为了拯救大象，研究人员开始采用人工智能技术，来检测大象的生活。

1．词句猜测题。

根据第一段中“In the seven years between 2007 and 2014, Africa’s savanna elephant population decreased by about a third and was on track to disappear completely from some African countries in as few as 10 years.(在2007年至2014年的七年间，非洲大草原大象的数量减少了约三分之一，而且在短短10年内就可能从一些非洲国家完全消失)”以及第二段中““AI can process huge amounts of information to tell us where the elephants are, how many there are,” said Cornell University researcher Peter Wrege. “And possibly tell us what they are doing.”(康奈尔大学研究员彼得·瑞格说：“人工智能可以处理大量信息，告诉我们大象在哪里，有多少头。

也许还能告诉我们他们在做什么。

”)”可知，为了改变大象数量的减少的趋势，研究人员发明了人工智能来检测它们。

故画线词指的是“大象数量的减少”。

故选C。

2．细节理解题。

根据第三段中““Sometimes you see them, let’s say, 15 meters away from you and then they move 5 meters into the forest and you can’t see them,” he said. “Somehow they just disappear.”(他说：“有时候你在离你15米远的地方看到它们，然后它们移动到5米远的森林里，你就看不到它们了。

不知怎么的，他们就消失了。

”)”可知，数森林象困难是因为它们很容易消失在森林里。

故选B。

3．细节理解题。

根据最后一段中“But the AI has uncovered some unexpected things. For example, it appears that elephants don’t go to some parts of the forest during specific times of the year.(但
人工智能也发现了一些意想不到的事情。

例如，大象似乎不会在一年中特定的时间去森林的某些地方)”可知，人工智能已经有了一些有用的发现。

故选C。

4．细节理解题。

根据最后一段中“That’s important to know because it can inform the way conservation park managers position their forces.(了解这一点很重要，因为它可以告知保护公园管理者如何部署他们的力量)”可知，人工智能中可以让保护力量可以更好地部署在公园里，
从而让森林大象受益。

故选C。

5．B
6．A
7．B
8．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要解释了fun这个词是如何被用作形容词的以及它的比较级的形式问题。

5．推理判断题。

作者在第一段最后提出一个问题“So why do we choose to use “more fun” as the comparative—especially considering that the similar word “funny”, which has more syllables than “fun”, uses the suffixes with no problem?（那么，为什么我们选择“more fun”作为比较——特别是考虑到类似的单词“funny”，它比“fun”有更多的音节，使用后缀都没有问题? ）”，文章以下内容就是围绕这个问题展开，并回答这一问题。

故选B项。

6．细节理解题。

根据第二段最后一句话“But as early as the 1800s, people began using it as an adjective, the way we'd describe “a fun time” or “a fun place” today.（但早在19世纪，人们就开始把它用作形容词，就像我们今天描述“一个有趣的时间”或“一个有趣的地方”一样。

）”可知，19世纪时人们开始把fun用作形容词。

故选A项。

7．推理判断题。

根据第三段的句子“And, as they usually do when people use words wrong, grammar experts blamed this usage, one professor saying that hearing the adjective version of “fun” caused severe sickness" in him.（而且，就像人们通常使用错误的单词一样，语法专家指责这种用法。

一位教授说，听到“fun”的形容词版本让他“严重不适”。

）”可知，语法专家不愿意接受“fun”用作形容词。

故选B项。

8．主旨大意题。

文章主要解释了fun这个词是如何被用作形容词的以及它的比较级的形式问题；特别是最后一段的句子“Most dictionaries agree that the answer to “is funner a word?” is yes.(大部分词典对于funner是一个单词吗这一问题的回答都是肯定的)”正好点明主题。

故选A项。

9．A
10．A
11．D。