主谓一致[Agreement]语法专项讲解

主谓一致
主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。

根据这三条原则，现从以下几个方面进行总结：
一. 名词做主语时的主谓一致
1. 名词作主语，是单数时谓语动词用单数，是复数时谓语动词用复数。

2. 其中集合名词情况需另外鉴别，一些单复数同形的词需根据上下文确定其单复数含义，再配合动词；
The football team _____________ (consist) of 20 players.
The football team ________ (be) having a bath now.
常见的这部分名词有: army, audience, class, club, committee, company（伙伴）, crowd, couple, family, group, government, party, staff, team, union, public等.
有些集合名词如: folk, people, police, youth等, 总是跟复数动词形式.
The police _________ (has/ have) caught the murderer.
PS: people 意为民族，种族时，有单复数之分;police 意为“ 警察机关” 时，可用作单数。

The Chinese people__________ (be) a greet people.
3. 单复数同形的名词作主语, 要根据意义来决定谓语的形式. 常见的这部分名词有: aircraft, deer, fish, means, sheep, species, series, works headquarters 等
The species of fish ________ (be) numerous. This species of rose ________ (be) very rare. Every means _________ (has/ have) been tried.
The means of communication between here and outside _______ (be) interrupted.
This kind of apples _______ good. Apples of this kind __________ good
[规则一] 如果名词后面跟有as well as, like, together with, including, no less than( 不少于，多达）, rather than, as much as, accompanied by, in company with, besides, but, except, in addition to, along with 等词时，其谓语动词与这些名词前面那个名词的数一致。

例如：Mr. Smith, together with his wife, ___________ (be) to arrive.
A library with five thousand books __________ (be) offered to that nation as a gift.
All but one __________ (be) here just now.
[规则二] 群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词如：the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Falls等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：
The United States __________ (be) founded in 1776.
His Selected Works _________ (be) published in 1957.
[规则三] 表示由两部分构成的物体的名词，如：glasses ，gloves ，jeans ，pants ，scales ，scissors ，trousers 等，谓语动词用复数。

如：Her glasses _________ (be) new．
若被a pair of修饰，用单数；如果pair为复数，谓语用复数。

Here _______ a pair of glasses. Three pairs of scissors_______ lying in the drawer. [规则四] 以定冠词+形容词(或分词) 做主语，是形容词的名词化用法。

如果指的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指的是抽象概念（一类不可数的事物）时，则谓语动词用单数。

例如：
The old_______ (be) respected in our country.
The true _______ (be) to be distinguished from the false．真实与虚假应加以区别。

[规则五]当主语是most, the rest, the last, the remainder等时，其谓语一般应遵循意义一致的原则：如果of后面的名词是单数，则用单数；如果of后面的名词表示复数，则用复数。

①Three of us will go, the rest _______ to stay here．我们中的三个人去，其余的人留在这里。

②After the big fire, the remainder _______ nothing．大火之后什么也没剩下。

二. 数词、量词等作主语时的主谓一致
[规则一] 用作运算的数词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。

加法和乘法可用单数，可用复数；减法和除法必须用单数。

表示运算的词有：minus ( 减) ；plus ( 加) ；multiply ( 乘) ；divide( 除) 。

例如：Five plus five equals (makes, is) ten. Ten minus four equals six.
[规则二] 数词和表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、温度、空间体积等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。

例如：
①Eight hours of sleep________ (be) enough．八小时的睡眠足够了。

②Ten pounds _________ missing from the till．钱柜里的10英镑不见了
[规则三] 1.在“one of ＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定。

如：This is one of the best novels that_________(has/have) appeared this year.
2．在“the only one of ＋复数名词＋定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。

如：Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who _______ (play) in the band．
[规则四] 若主语是由“more than one+ 单数名词” 或“m any a+ 单数名词” 或“one and a half+复数名词”构成时，尽管意义上是“ 不止一个” ，但谓语动词用单数。

例如：
Many a house ________ (be) damaged in the earthquake.
More than one answer to the question ________ (be) given by the boy.
One and a half apples __________ (has/have) been eaten by the boy．
[规则五] a number of ( 许多) ，a variety of ( 各种各样的) ，“a group of ( 一群，一组) 修饰的名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

但是the number of” ( 数目) 和“the variety of’( 种类) 等修饰名词做主语时，中心词是number 和variety ，谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：
A number of students ________(has/have) done their homework.
The number of the workers on strike ________(be) large.
[规则六]当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。

如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词（或不可数名词）或代词，谓语动词用单数。

如：
①Fifty percent of the students in our school ________ (be) girls．
②Three-fourths of the surface of the earth__________ (be) sea．
三. 并列主语时的主谓一致
[规则一] 下列结构中谓语动词用单数形式
(1) 如果指的是同一个人用单数。

例如：The singer and dancer________(has/ have) left here.
My colleague and good friend__________ (be) coming to the party.
(2) 如果指的是同一个物用单数。

例如：A cart and horse __________(be) near.
(3) 某些由and 连接而成的习语。

这类习语有：truth and honesty ( 真诚) ，law and order ( 法制) ，knife and fork ( 一套刀叉) a watch and chain 一块带链的表iron and steel 钢铁
a needle and thread (穿了线的针)等。

例如：Bread and butter _____(be) my usual breakfast ．
(4) 主语是and 连接的两个单数名词，前面有each ，every ，no ，many a 等修饰。

例如: Each boy and each girl __________ (get) a gift from the headmaster ．
No student and no teacher __________(be) admitted.
Many a doctor and many a nurse ________(be) busy with their work．
[规则二] 下列结构中谓语动词通常用复数形式
由both ．．．and 连接的两个名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。

例如：
Both the president and the secretary ________(has/ have) agreed to attend the party.
[规则三] 并列主语的就近一致问题
（1 ）由连词or , either…or..., neither…nor..., not only…but also ... 等连接的两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词形式要与邻近的主语相一致。

例如：
Either you or I ________ going to attend the meeting.
One or two girls ________to be chosen for this role-play.
（2）“There be”结构中，be的形式取决于主语的单复数；但是当主语为并列结构时，be 动词的单复数形式取决于靠近动词的名词(Here结构与之相同)。

例如：
There _______ a pen and a few books on the desk.
Here _________ some suggestions and an instruction book for you.
注意：有时该结构不是用动词be，而是用表示状态的其他动词，如：exit，stand，remain
四. 代词作主语时的主谓一致
[规则一] 由合成代词every / any / some/no + thing/body/one作主语，由either, neither, each , each of, the other, another做主语，以及由限定词either, neither, each, every, many a, more than
one等+名词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。

例如：
Neither of your parents ________ (has/ have) come to our university.
Nothing _______ (be) to be done.
Each of the students______ (be) required to attend the opening ceremony.
[规则二] some(all，more，most)+of 后接可数名词复数词时，谓语动词用复数；后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。

例如：
Some of the students __________(has/ have) visited the Great Wall.
Most of the food at the party ________ (taste) good.
[规则三] none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法。

如：①None of us seem to have thought of it．似乎我们全都没有想到这一点。

③None of us has got a camera．(None ＝Not a single one) 我们都没有照相机。

但如果是不可数名词往往用单数谓语配合。

例如：
None of the money _________(be) mine.
[规则四] 不定代词all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用单数。

如果指抽象整体的概念，谓语动词用单数；如：
All that glitters _______ (be) not gold.
All but Xiao Ming _________(has/ have) gone to the zoo.
五.从句、动词不定式、-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致
1.在“主系表”结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数。

动词不定式、ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。

如：
①What caused the accident_________ a complete mystery．
②What his father left him _________ a few English books．
③Swimming in the summer ___________(give) us much pleasure.
To learn English well ________ difficult．
To travel and to write a novel__________(be) my ambitions.
2.当what 从句具有两个或两个以上的动词，是表示复数意义的并列结构时，主句中的谓语动词多用复数形式。

如：
What I say and think __________ none of your business．我说的和我想的都与你无关。

但单个从句作主语，谓语动词用单数；When and where he will go ________(be) not known.
多个从句作主语，谓语动词用复数。

What caused the accident and who was responsible for it_________ (remain) a mystery to us.
* A large quantity of oil ________ needed.
Large quantities of oil _______ needed．。