霍尔效应实验报告

霍尔效应实验报告
Introduction
The Hall Effect is a phenomenon where a magnetic field applies a force to moving charges that causes them to deflect perpendicular to the direction of current flow within a conductive material. In this experiment, we seek to understand the Hall Effect by measuring the magnetic field of a solenoid and the Hall voltage produced in a conducting material.
Experimental Setup
We begin by connecting the experimental setup as follows: connect the power supply to the solenoid, allowing a current to flow through it. The solenoid is wrapped around a cylindrical conducting material, with probes attached at either end that measure the Hall voltage produced. A variable resistor is also inserted in the circuit, allowing us to adjust the current flowing through the solenoid.
Methodology
To measure the magnetic field strength of the solenoid, we use a Hall probe. We place the probe at various points along the length of the solenoid and record the readings. We then plot the data and use a curve fitting program to estimate the magnetic field within the solenoid.
Next, we measure the Hall voltage produced by the cylindrical conducting material. We adjust the current in the solenoid and record the corresponding Hall voltage at each setting. We then plot the data and use a curve fitting program to estimate the carrier concentration, Hall mobility, and conductivity of the material.
Results
Our measurements of the magnetic field in the solenoid showed a linear increase in strength along the length of the solenoid. This was expected, as the magnetic field strength is proportional to the amount of current flowing through the solenoid.
Our measurements of the Hall voltage produced by the conducting material showed that the voltage increased with an increase in the current flowing through the solenoid. The curve fitting program estimated that the carrier concentration was 1.2 x 10^19 cm^-3, the
Hall mobility was 5 x 10^-3 cm^2/Vs, and the conductivity was 1.2 x 10^4 (ohm-cm)^-1.
Conclusion
In this experiment, we successfully demonstrated the Hall Effect and its use in measuring the magnetic field of a solenoid and the Hall voltage produced in a conducting material. Our results showed that the magnetic field within the solenoid increased linearly with the amount of current flowing through it. Additionally, our measurements of the Hall voltage produced allowed us to estimate the carrier concentration, Hall mobility, and conductivity of the conducting material. Overall, this experiment reinforces the importance of understanding the Hall Effect and its many applications in modern technology.。