第09练 定语从句之关系代词(解析版)2023年【暑假分层作业】高一英语(人教版2019)

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第09练定语从句之关系代词
定语从句的先行词和关系词
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句或主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句由关系词引导。

限制性定语从句表现为在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语,若省略,主句的内容就不完整或失去意义;它和主句的关系十分密切,不可用逗号分开。

先行词是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

关系词指代先行词,在从句中作一定的句子成分。

引导定语从句的关系代词有which,that,who,whom,whose,as等。

关系代词指代在定从中所做成分是否可省略
that人;物主语;宾语作宾语可省
which物主语;宾语作宾语可省
who人主语;宾语作宾语可省
whom人宾语可省
whose人;物定语不可省
as人;物主语;宾语;表语不可省
先行词是定语从句修饰和限定的成分,从构成上而言,它可以是名词、代词、名词性短语等;从句子成分上而言,它可以是主句的主语、宾语、表语等。

下面,我们从两个实例来看一下定语从句及其相关成分的分布:
1.关系代词that
即指人又指物;作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)
只用于限制性定语从句中,介词后面不能跟that。

当代替物时,可以与which通用。

Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her.
昨天艾米丽穿了我送给她的新衣服。

I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有个朋友喜欢听古典音乐。

2.关系代词which
指物;作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略)
在非限定性定语从句中,只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定语从句中,可用在介词之后。

My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年历史的房子里
who,whom
指人;作主语或宾语(whom常可省略)先行词必须为人。

Who可代替在从句中担任宾语的whom,若前有介词,须用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV.“A couch potato”指那种成天沉湎于电视中的人。

The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.
我两年前教的那个学生已经参军了。

whose 既指人又指物;作定语是代词的所有格,代物时,相当于of which。

The room whose window faces south is mine.那个窗户朝南的房间是我的。

注意:whose指物时,常用of which结构来代替。

如:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
【拓展】
1.当指物的关系代词在介词后作介词的宾语时,只能用which,且不能省略;
2.当介词不在关系代词前面时,可以用that或which,它们可以省略。

例如:
This is the house in which my grandparents lived 30 years ago.
This is the house (that / which) my grandparents lived in 30 years ago.
【拓展】
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可互换,但在下列情况下,一般用that而不用which。

例如
(1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the longest bridge seen that I have ever seen.
这是我见过的最长的桥
I happened to be the first guest that visited the Great Hotel.
我恰好是第一个来大酒店的客人。

(2)先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same修饰时。

例如:
He is the very person that the police are looking for.
他就是警察在找的那个人
(3)先行词是all、everything、nothing、everybody等不定代词时。

例如
Tell us everything that you know, please.
请告诉我们你知道的所有事情。

(4)先行词被all、every、no、some、any、little、much等修饰时。

例如
I' ve read all the books that are not mine.
我已读完所有那些不是我的书。

(5)主句是who或which开头的特殊疑问句中的定语从句。

例如:
Who is the man that came this morning?
今天早上来的人是谁?
(6)先行词既包括人又包括物。

例如
They talked of things and persons that happened in the school.
他们谈到了学校里发生过的事情和出现过的人
一、单项选择
1.Many soldiers were sent to Tangshan to dig out those ________ were trapped under the ruins.
A.that B.who C.whom D.whose
2.This is the very book ______ I am looking for.
A.which B.that C.who D.whose
3.Several days later most of the buildings______had been damaged were repaired.
A.who B.where C.that D.what
4.Workers built shelters for survivors_________homes had been destroyed.
A.whose B.who C.that D.which
5.The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall _______ has survived China’s long history.
A.that B.which C.what D.where
6.He often talked about the artists and paintings _______ impressed him greatly.
A.that B.who C.不填D.which
7.People spoke highly of the driver ______ in spite of the terrible weather, had saved
his passengers from danger.
A.which B.as C.whom D.who
8.Here are some of the people _________ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.
A.who B.that C.whose D.which
9.This is the man for ________ my father bought a new bike .
A.whom B.who C.that D.which
10.When people talk about the most popular new Chinese Internet words in 2017, the first one ________ comes into their minds is “taolu”.
A.which B.that C.what D.of them
参考答案:
1.B
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:许多士兵被派到唐山去挖掘那些被困在废墟下的人。

分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用关系代词who引导,先行词是those指人时,不能用that引导,故选B。

2.B
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:这正是我正在找的书。

此处引导限定性定语从句,先行词是book,关系词在从句中作宾语,当先行词被the very修饰的时候,应用that引导从句。

故选B项。

3.C
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:几天后,大部分被损坏的建筑物都被修复了。

分析句子可知,先行词buildings,指物,关系词在从句中作主语成分,此处为关系代词that引导的定语从句,故选C项。

4.A
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:工人们为家园被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。

分析句子可知,先行词survivors 在从句中作homes的定语成分,因此此处用关系代词whose引导定语从句。

故选A项。

5.A
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:西安城墙是中国历史上保存最完整的城墙。

分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词wall,指物,关系代词从句中作主语,先行词由最高级修饰用关系代词that,故填that。

6.A
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:他经常谈论给他留下深刻印象的艺术家和绘画作品。

根据句意和句子结构可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“artists and paintings”,在从句中作主语,因为先行词既有人又有物,故应用关系代词that引导从句。

故选A项。

7.D
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:人们高度赞扬这位司机,尽管天气很恶劣,他从危险中拯救了旅客的生命。

in spite of(尽管)引导的介词短语是插入语,去掉插入语是一个限制性定语从句,先行词为the driver,指认,在从句中作主语,所以可填that或者who。

故选D。

8.C
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:这是一些房屋被台风摧毁的人。

分析句子,设空处引导的是限制性定语从句,引导词在从句作定语,修饰先行词people,表示所属关系,用whose。

故选C。

9.A
【详解】考查定语从句关系代词。

句意:这就是我父亲为他买了一辆新自行车的那个人。

分析句子可知,空处为引导定语从句的关系代词,修饰先行词“the man”,在从句中作介词“for”的宾语,故应用whom。

故选A。

10.B
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:当人们谈论2017年最流行的中文网络新词时,他们首先想到的是“套路”。

定语从句comes into their mind修饰先行词the first one,that引导定语从句并在句中做主语。

当先行词是序数词或者被序数词修饰时关系代词用that,而不是which,故选B。

二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
11.Located off the coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is the biggest structure __________ is made by living organisms.
12.Look at that lady ________ name is Rose.
13.He is a teacher __________I like very much.
14.The Confucius Institute offers courses for learners ___________ native language is not Chinese.
15.The present time is the best gift ________ you can give yourself.
16.I will never forget the days ________ we spent on that beautiful island together.
17.The way ________you tell me to learn English is very useful.
18.Do you know the boy _____________ is standing over there?
19.Our school is not the one________is used to be.
20.We talked about the poets and their poems________we remembered.
21.Doing voluntary work is a good way to enrich students’ knowledge________is usually unable to be acquired from textbooks.
22.I still remember the days ________my son spent doing a lot of voluntary work for the Red Cross.
23.The manager says he needs an assistant ________ he can depend on to deal with the problems that may occur in his absence.
24.We would get calls from our family, neighbors and friends ________would want to know what we had received that day.
25.Is this the factory ________ makes TV sets?
26.He didn’t give the reason _______explained his absence from the meeting held yesterday.
27.You’d better let the children read such books _______will make them better and cleverer.
28.The police got to what was once an old school_______ the peasant used as a store.
29.We talked about the things and persons ________ we were interested in.
30.The people_______ couldn’t return home were given a chance to get to know more about the places where they led a life.
31.The reason_____he gave for his being absent from the meeting wasn’t accepted by his boss.
32.This is the most interesting book ________ I have ever read.
33.People put up shelters in the open air using anything __________ could be found.
34.The clock ________ minute hand is missing is passed down from my great grandmother.
35.Anyone ________ breaks the rule will be punished.
36.The building is the most magnificent one ________ I know.
37.The woman ________ treated my child is an outstanding doctor.
38.The girl_____mother is a teacher studies very hard.
39.He bought a new building ________ top is different from those of the others around.
40.To make friends, you should help others the way ________ you have been helped.
41.On social media sites, people tend to post only good updates ______ will make them appear happy and friendly.
42.Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150,English became less like German because
those________ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.
43.Obviously, he’s marrying a girl _______ family don’t seem to like him at all.
44.Our class is a big family ________ consists of 19 girls and 20 boys.
45.This is the old man ________ son died in the War of Resistance Against Japan.
46.Houses __________ overlook the lake cost more.
47.I didn’t believe the reason ______ he referred to the other day at the press conference.
48.I saw a man stepping into a car ________ door was half-open.
49.Please read the labels __________ information includes shelf life, nutrition information and way of storage. 50.You will mainly learn Chinese food ________ is deeply loved by Chinese.
51.Secondly, through conversations with friends ________are wise and well-meaning, a better understanding and judgement may be achieved.
52.We often talk about the things and persons________we remember at school.
53.Thousands of soldiers were sent to rescue the people________homes had been destroyed in the earthquake. 54.I will never forget the day ________I spent in Chongqing.
55.We all like the writer __________ books are very popular among teenagers.
56.This is the girl __________ English is the best in our class.
57.I’d like a room ________window faces the sea.
58.Do you remember those days ________we spent along the seashore very happily?
59.They are brave explorers ____________will pass through canyons, basins, waterfalls, straits and narrow tunnels, regardless of lightning and thunder.
60.Someone ____________has green fingers can grow sunflowers because they are very expert at agriculture. 11.that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:大堡礁位于澳大利亚海岸外,是由生物构成的最大的结构。

句中先行词为structure ,且被最高级形容词修饰,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词that引导。

根据句意,故填that。

12.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:看那位叫罗斯的女士。

分析句子,设空处引导的是限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作定语,修饰先行词lady,此处表示“该女士的”用whose。

故填whose。

13.whom/that/who
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:他是一位我非常喜欢的老师。

分析句子,设空处引导的是限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作宾语,修饰先行词teacher,为人,故使用whom/that/who。

故填whom/that/who。

14.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:孔子学院为母语不是汉语的学生提供课程。

空格处引导定语从句,句中先行词为learners,空格处在定语从句中作名词native language的定语,所以用关系代词whose引导。

根据句意,故填whose。

15.that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:现在是你能给自己最好的礼物。

空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词gift是物,且被最高级best修饰,因此空格处用关系代词that,故填that。

16.which/that/不填
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我永远不会忘记我们一起在那个美丽的岛上度过的日子。

分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是days,关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,应用关系代词which或that,关系词也可省略,故填which/that/不填。

17.that/which
【详解】考查定语从句的关系代词。

句意:你告诉我的学习英语的方法很有用。

名词The way作先行词,在限制性定语从句中作tell的宾语,可用关系代词that或which引导从句。

故填that/which。

18.who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:你认识正在那边站着的男孩吗?本空引导定语从句,先行词是the boy,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,应填关系代词who或that。

故填who/that。

19.that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我们的学校已经不是过去的那个学校了。

此处不定代词one作先行词,在后面的定语从句中作主语,从句由关系代词that引导。

故填that。

20.that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我们谈到了我们记得的诗人和他们的诗歌。

该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句,修饰先行词the poets and their poems,并指代先行词在从句中做宾语,先行词既有人又有物,所以应该用that。

故填that。

21.that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:做志愿工作是丰富学生知识的好方法,这些知识是通常无法从课本上获得的。

分析句子可知,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词knowledge(指物),且从句缺主语,因此用关系代词which或that引导该从句。

故填that或which。

22.which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我仍然记得我儿子为红十字会做志愿工作的那些日子。

根据句意分析句子可知,空格后的部分是一个限制性定语从句,对先行词the days进行限定说明;因为该定语从句缺少宾语,所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词,代替先行词the days在从句中作宾语,所以应该用关系代词that 或which。

故填that或which。

23.who/whom/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:经理说他需要一个可以依靠的助手来处理他不在时可能出现的问题。

“________he can depend on”是限制性定语从句,修饰先行词assistant,指人,且从句中缺少介词后面的宾语,应用关系代词who/that/whom来引导,故填who/that/whom。

24.who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我们会接到家人、邻居和朋友的电话,他们想知道我们那天经历了什么。

空处引导限制性定语从句,代替指人的先行词our family, neighbors and friends在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who/that。

故填who/that。

25.which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:这是生产电视机的工厂吗?分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词the factory,为物,空格处应用关系代词that或which,引导从句。

故填that/which。

26.that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:他没有说明他缺席昨天会议的原因。

分析句子可知,空处及之后的内容在句中为定语从句,先行词为the reason,在从句中作主语,所以使用关系代词which/that,故填which/that。

27.as
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:你最好让孩子们读那些能使他们更好、更聪明的书。

分析句子可知,空处及之后的内容为定语从句,先行词为books,在从句中作主语,因为先行词前有such修饰,所以关系代词用as,故填as。

28.that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:警察来到了一个曾经是一所旧学校的地方,农民把它用作了商店。

定语从句修饰先行词school,从句缺少宾语,指物,故填that/which。

29.that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我们谈论我们感兴趣的人和事。

分析句子可知,空格处引导限定性定语从句,先行词为the things and persons,当先行词既有人又有物时,引导词用关系代词that。

故填that。

30.who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:那些不能回家的人有机会更多地了解他们生活过的地方。

空格处引导的是限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词people是人,因此空格处用关系代词who或that,故填who 或that。

31.that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:他给出的自己开会迟到的原因并不能让老板接受。

设空处引导定语从句且在从句中作宾语,先行词为The reason,指物,因此需用关系代词which或that。

故填that/which。

32.that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:这是我读过的最有趣的书。

空处引导限制性定语从句,先行词book在从句中作宾语,且被最高级形容词修饰,只能用关系代词that引导该定语从句。

故填that。

33.that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:人们用任何能找到的东西在露天搭起了避难所。

分析句子可知,此处为关系代词that引导的定语从句,先行词anything在从句中作主语成分,当先行词为不定代词anything时,关系代词只可为that。

故填that。

34.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:那只分针不见了的钟是我曾祖母传下来的。

分析句子可知,空格处为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词The clock,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作minute hand的定语,意思是“钟的分针”,应使用具有所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。

故填whose。

35.who
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:任何违反规定的人都将受到惩罚。

此处是限制性定语从句,先行词是不定代词anyone,指人,关系词在从句中作主语,只能用who引导。

故填who。

36.that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:这座建筑是我所知道的最宏伟的建筑。

分析句子结构,此处考查限制性定语从句,修饰先行词one,指物,前有最高级修饰,在从句中作宾语,只能用关系代词that引导。

故填that。

37.who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:治疗我孩子的女士是一位杰出的医生。

分析句意可知,此处填关系代词who或者that引导定语从句,因为先行词the woman“这位女士”为人,在定语从句中作主语。

故填who/that。

38.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:母亲是教师的那个女孩学习很努力。

分析句子可知,此处为关系代词whose 引导的定语从句,先行词The girl在从句中作mother的定语成分。

故填whose。

39.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:他买了一栋新房子,它的顶部与周围的其他建筑不同。

分析句子可知,设空处在句中引导一个从句,修饰前面的名词building,这是一个定语从句,从句中不缺主干成分,结合句意可知,此处指“房子的顶部”,设空处在句中作定语,应用whose引导。

故填whose。

40.that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:为了交朋友,你应该像别人帮助你那样帮助别人。

分析句子结构,_______ you have been helped是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the way,the way作先行词,关系词应为that或in which,且此空只填一词。

故填that。

41.which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:在社交媒体网站上,人们倾向于只发布让自己看起来快乐友好的积极消息。

分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是good updates,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,可用which 或that引导。

故填which/that。

42.who
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:然后在大约公元800年到1150年之间,英语逐渐变得不那么像德语了,因为统治英格兰的人最初说丹麦语,后来说法语。

分析可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,从句中缺少主语,先行词those指人,因此空格处用关系代词who引导定语从句,故填who。

43.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:很明显,他要娶一个家里人都不喜欢他的女孩。

句中先行词为girl,在定语从句中作名词family的定语,所以用关系代词whose。

44.which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我们班是一个由19个女孩和20个男孩组成的大家庭。

定语从句修饰先行词family,指物,从句缺少主语,故用关系代词which或that。

故填which/that。

45.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:这就是那位儿子在抗日战争中牺牲的老人。

分析句子结构,空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the old man,结合语意,此处表示“老人的儿子”,即the old man’s son,应用关系代词whose在从句中作定语,表示“谁的”,引导从句。

故填whose。

46.that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:可以俯瞰湖的房屋价格更高。

此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是Houses,关系词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which引导。

故填that或which。

47.that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我不相信他前几天在新闻发布会上提到的原因。

空处引导定语从句,先行词the reason指物,在定语从句中作宾语,需用关系代词that/which引导。

故填that/which。

48.whose
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。

句意:我看到一个人走进一辆车门半开的汽车。

该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是a car,与从句名词door 形成所属关系,即a car’s door ,用关系代词whose在从句中做定语。

故填whose。

49.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:请阅读标签,其信息包括保质期、营养信息和储存方式。

在定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语,且information和先行词labels构成所属关系,所以应用关系代词whose表示“……的”引导定语从句。

故填whose。

50.which/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:你将主要学习深受中国人喜爱的中餐。

分析句子可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为“Chinese food”,指物,在从句中作主语,故应用关系代词“which”或“that”引导从句。

故填which/that。

51.who/that
【详解】考查定语从句关系词。

句意:其次,通过与明智和善意的朋友交谈,可以获得更好的理解和判断。

句子结构分析可知____ are wise and well-meaning是限制性定语从句,设空处指代先行词friends在从句中做主语,friends指人,所以此空填关系代词who或that。

故填who或that。

52.that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我们经常谈论我们记得的在学校时的人和事。

分析句子可知,空格处引导限定性定语从句,先行词为the things and persons,当先行词既有人又有物时,引导词用关系代词that。

故填that。

53.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:成千上万的士兵被派去营救房屋在地震中被毁的人们。

定语从句修饰先行词people,从句缺少定语,故用关系代词whose引导。

故填whose。

54.that/which/省略
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我永远不会忘记我在重庆度过的那一天。

此处定语从句修饰先行词day,
从句缺少宾语,指物,故用that、which或省略。

故填that/which/省略。

55.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我们都喜欢这位作家,他的书很受青少年喜欢。

分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中作books的定语,表示“谁的”,应用关系代词whose引导。

故填whose。

56.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:这就是我们班英语最好的那个女孩。

根据句子分析可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词为the girl,从句中缺少定语,意为“谁的”,故应用whose引导,故填whose。

57.whose
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。

分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,指代先行词a room,与window为所属关系,并在从句中作定语,应用whose引导定语从句。

故填whose。

58.that/which
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:你还记得我们在海边愉快地度过的那些日子吗?空处在此引导定语从句,修饰先行词“those days(指物)”,且在从句中做宾语,故用关系代词that或which均可。

故填that/which。

59.who/that
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:他们是勇敢的探险家,不顾雷电,穿越峡谷、盆地、瀑布、海峡和狭窄的隧道。

分析句子可知,该句为定语从句,先行词explorers为人,且从句中缺少主语,因此需使用关系代词who/that在定语从句中作主语。

故填who/that。

60.who
【详解】考查定语从句。

句意:有园艺技能的人可以种向日葵,因为他们是农业方面的专家。

空处是定语从句引导词,在定语从句中作主语,修饰Someone,关系词指人用who。

故填who。

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