2021基础英语考研(语言学教程与翻译教程)考研真题

2021基础英语考研（语言学教程与翻译教程）考研
真题
一、《语言学教程》
一、填空题
1. Chomsky proposes that the course of language acquisition is determined by a(n) _____language faculty.（中山大学2018研）
【答案】innate ~~
【解析】乔姆斯基认为语言习得的过程是由人的内在语言机制决定的。

2. _____ refers to the role language plays in communication (e.g. to express ideas, attitudes) or in particular social situations (e.g. Religious, legal).（北二外2016研）
【答案】Function ~~
【解析】本题考查语言学中对“语言的功能”的定义。

功能指的是语言在沟通中(例如表达观点、态度)或在特定社交场合(如宗教、法律)中所起的作用。

3. Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the _____it is associated with.（人大2007研）
【答案】meaning ~~
【解析】索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。

4. Some sentences do not describe things. They cannot be said to be true or false. The utterance of these sentences is or is a part of the doing of an action. They are called _____.（大连外国语学院2008研）
【答案】performative ~~
【解析】施为句是用来做事的，既不陈述事实，也不描述情况，且不能验证其真假。

5. Phonetics is the study of _____ sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning.（北京邮电大学2015研）【答案】speech ~~
【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。

语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。

音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。

换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。

6. A principal distinction between morphology and syntax is that the former is concerned with the internal composition of a word, whereas the latter is concerned with _____ of words.（中山大学2017研）【答案】combinations ~~
【解析】Morphology is concerned with the internal organization of words. It studies the minimal units of meaning-morphemes and word-formation processes. Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a
language, or the study of the interrelationships between elements in sentence structure.
7. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is _____ and performance.（人大2006研）
【答案】competence ~~
【解析】语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中关于语言规则知识的实际使用。

8. When a word appears in a variety of forms depending on its grammatical role in the sentence we say that it undergoes _____.（中山大学2018研）
【答案】inflection ~~
【解析】曲折变化是指通过添加屈折词缀，如数，人称，限定性，体和格等来表示某词语法关系的变化。

9. _____ is said of the study of development of language and languages over time.（北二外2016研）
【答案】Diachronic ~~
【解析】本题考查历时性的定义。

语言的历时性指语言随时间的延续而引发的变化。

语言的历时性是相对于语言的共时性而言的，共时性语言学是研究理论上处于一个时点的语言，描写语言的一个“状态”，不管正在发生哪些变化。

10. When air is forced out of the lungs, it causes the _____ _____ to vibrate.（中山大学2018研）
【答案】vocal folds ~~
【解析】语音产生是以气流为能量来源的。

在大多数情况下，气流源自肺部，气流从肺中压出，引起声带的振动。

11. _____ is the study of speech sounds that the human voice is capable of creating whereas phonology is the study of a subset of those sounds that constitute language and meaning. The first focuses on chaos while the second focuses on order.（北京邮电大学2016研）
【答案】Phonetics ~~
【解析】本题考查语音学和音系学的含义。

语音学研究语音的发生、传递和感知。

音系学研究的是语言的语音系统。

换句话说，音系学研究的是说话人为表达意义而系统地选择语音的方法。

12. When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than exchanging information or ideas, its function is _____ function.（北二外2015研）
【答案】phatic ~~
【解析】本题考查语言的寒暄功能。

寒暄功能是语言最基本的一项功能。

人们用寒暄语来营造一种气氛或保持社会联系而非交流信息。

人们使用寒暄语就是为了缓和谈话双方的关系，同时使谈话双方从心理上得到满足。

13. Language is a form of human communication by means of a system of _____ principally transmitted by vocal sounds. （中山大学2017研）【答案】symbols ~~
【解析】Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.
14. Syntax is the study of how words combine to make sentences. The order of words in sentences varies from language to language. English language, for instance, generally follows a _____ order, as in the sentence “The dog (subject) bit (verb) the man (object).”（北京邮电大学2016研）【答案】SVO ~~
【解析】本题考查英语句子的语序。

英语句子的基本语序是主谓宾结构。

15. _____ is the name for oppositeness relation.（北二外2015研）
【答案】antonymy ~~
【解析】本题考查反义的语义关系。

反义关系就是相反的语义关系。

16. Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure (1857—1913) was the first to notice the complexities of language. He believed that language is a system of signs. To communicate ideas, _____ must be part of a system of signs, called conventions. He held that the sign is the union of the _____ and the signified.（北京邮电大学2015研）
【答案】sounds, signifier ~~
【解析】本题考查关于语言作为符号系统的观点。

他认为语言是一个符号系统，声音只有作为该符号系统的一部分才能被视作语言。

符号包括两方面，能指和所指。

17. _____ is the ability of language to refer to contexts removed from the speaker’s immediate situation.（北二外2016研）
【答案】Displacement ~~
【解析】本题考查语言本质特征的移位性。

移位性指的是就内容或者思想的表达来讲，人类语言的使用是不受时空限制的，可以用于涉及真实的或者想象的，过去的、现在的或将来的事情。

这不同于动物“语言”，因为大多数动物的“语言”需要“即时刺激控制”。

18. The most serious defect concerns the use of semantic markers like (Human) and (Male), which, more usually called semantic components are elements of an artificial _____.（北京邮电大学2014研）
【答案】metalanguage ~~
【解析】本题考查成分分析的弊端。

通过语义特征来进行成分分析的一大弊端是这些意义特征使用的是人工化的元语言，元语言本身的含义也需进一步解释。

19. _____ refers to the way that a word has a form appropriate to the number or gender of the noun or pronoun it relates to.（中山大学2017研）
【答案】Agreement ~~
【解析】Agreement or concord is defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another., shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category (or categories).
20. In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into _____ words and _____ words.（南开大学2007研）
【答案】lexical, grammatical ~~
【解析】从词所表达的意义划分，词可分为词汇词和语法词。

21. When we consider how language has changed over time we are looking at it from a _____ point of view.（中山大学2017研）
【答案】diachronic ~~
【解析】When we study language developments through time, it is called diachronic linguistics. It focuses on the differences in two or more than two states of language over decades or centuries.
22. The sound [p] can be described with “_____, bilabial, stop”.（北二外2015研）
【答案】voiceless ~~
【解析】本题考查音系学的相关知识。

[p]的语音特征可以被描述为清辅音，双唇音，塞音。

23. A _____ typically contains a consonant or set of consonants followed by a vowel followed by another consonant or set of consonants.（中山大学2018研）
【答案】syllable ~~
【解析】音节是超音段研究中的一个重要单位。

音节必须有一个“节核”或者“韵峰”，通常由元音来承担，但有时也可以由具有成音节特征的辅音来起节核的作用，通常在节核的前后还可以有辅音丛的出现。

24. The _____ is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical.（北二外2015研）
【答案】morpheme ~~
【解析】本题考查词素的含义。

词素是最小的音义结合体，其最大的特点是不能再被分割为更小的音义结合体。

意思或语法功能的最小单位。

25. The type of stress which distinguishes words such as /'transpɒt/ from /tran'pɒt/ is known as _____ stress.（中山大学2018研）
【答案】word ~~
【解析】单词重音是指一个单词内部重读音节和非重读音节的语调模式。

26. A _____ refers to each position in a tree diagram in TG where lines meet. In each of these positions is a symbol for a grammatical category.（中山大学2018研）
【答案】constituent ~~
【解析】成分，作为一个术语，指的是用于句子结构分析的一个语言单位，它是一个比其更大的语言单位的一部分。

几个成分共同构成一个结构体。

27. According to Saussure, _____ refers to the concrete utterances of a speaker.（北二外2016研）
【答案】parole ~~
【解析】本题考查言语的概念。

根据索绪尔的观点，言语指的是语言的实际应用，是具体的个人的动态的语言现象，不同于语言，语言是全民的、概括的、有限的、静态的系统知识。

28. Voicing refers to the _____ of the vocal folds.（北二外2016研）
【答案】vibration ~~
【解析】本题考查辅音发音过程中的清浊特征的定义。

若发音过程中，声带振动，则为浊辅音，反之则为清辅音。

29. _____ is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology.（南开大学2007研）
【答案】Morphophonology ~~
【解析】形态音系学是语言学的一个分支，主要研究形态学与音系学的关系。

30. By _____, we mean the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.（北二外2014研）
【答案】duality ~~
【解析】二重性是指两层结构的属性。

底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都有自身的组合规则。

31. Edward Sapir (1884—1939), American linguist and anthropologist, studied linguistics and anthropology at Columbia University with the noted anthropologist and ethnologist Franz Boas. His idea on language thought was later developed by his student, B. L. Whorf, and known as the Sapir-Whorf _____.（北京邮电大学2016研）
【答案】Hypothesis ~~
【解析】本题考查萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说。

该假说是由萨丕尔和沃尔夫两人提出的关于语言和人的思维之间的关系。

32. The sound [k] can be described with “_____ velar stop/plosive”.（北二外2014研）
【答案】voiceless ~~
【解析】[k]属于清辅音，爆破音，软腭音。

33. _____ words are often avoided because they are unacceptable in many social situations.（中山大学2018研）
【答案】Taboo ~~
【解析】禁忌语是指在某些情况下避免使用令人难堪的词。

禁忌语或者是完全避免使用，或者是用委婉语代替。

34. It is generally agreed that linguistics should include at least five parameters, namely, phonologic, morphologic, syntactic, semantic and _____.（北京邮电大学2015研）
【答案】pragmatic ~~
【解析】本题考查语言学的五个主要方面。

语言学的五个主要方面关注语音音系，形态，句法，语义和语用。

35. _____ concerns the consequential effects of a locution upon the hearer.（北二外2014研）
【答案】Perlocutionary act ~~
【解析】取效行为是通过说话完成或通过说话所产生的行为，是由话语所带来的结果和变化。

二、《实用翻译教程》
第一章语义翻译
一、翻译下列词组，注意根据搭配选择合适的词义。

1. ①soft music
②soft life
③soft drink
④soft goods
⑤soft light
⑥soft breeze
【译文】①轻音乐；②安逸的生活；③软饮料（不含酒精）；④纺织品；⑤柔和的光线；⑥微风
2. ①a handsome car
②a handsome man
③a handsome profit
④a handsome compliment
【译文】①漂亮的车；②英俊的男士；③一大笔利润；④大加赞赏
3. ①good results
②good food
③a good point
④a good deed
【译文】①好的结果；②符合标准的食物；③有说服力的依据；④高尚的习惯行为
4. ①poor health
②poor food
③poor light
④poor soil
⑤a poor country
⑥a poor swimmer
【译文】①身体不好；②劣质食物；③昏暗的光线；④贫瘠的土壤；⑤贫穷的国家；⑥不擅长游泳的人
5. ①regular breathing
②regular customers
③a face with regular features
④a regular army/soldier
⑤a regular disaster
【译文】①均匀的呼吸；②老主顾；③五官端正的脸庞；④正规军；正规军士兵；
⑤一场彻底的灾难
6. ①to cut wheat
②tocut cake
③to cut finger-nails
【译文】①割麦子；②切蛋糕；③剪指甲
7. ①to fuel up on food
②to fuel up on water
【译文】①吃点食物；②喝点啤酒
8. ①申请书
②报告书
③协议书
④成绩通知书
⑤成交确认书
⑥白皮书
⑦家书
【译文】
①Letter of Application
②Report
③Agreement
④Grade Report
⑤Sales Confirmation
⑥White Book
⑦a Letter from Home
9. ①病历表
②履历表
③时间表
④日程表
⑤价目表
①case history form
②resume
③timetable
④schedule
⑤price list
10. ①推荐信
②证明信
③口信
【译文】
①letter of recommendation
②certificate
③an oral message
11. ①名单
②菜单
③账单
④保险单
⑤订阅单
⑥收款清单
⑦违规通知单
【译文】
①name list
③bill
④policy
⑤subscription form
⑥account note
⑦ticket
12. ①写作水平
②领导水平
③生活水平
④发展水平
⑤工作水平
⑥开放水平
【译文】
①quality of writing
②art of leadership
③standard of living
④level of development
⑤work performance
⑥degree of openness
13. 身体好，学习好，工作好。

【译文】Keep fit, study well and work hard.
14. ①经济法制化
②经济全球化
③社会知识化
④国际关系民主化
⑤国民经济信息化
⑥科研成果产业化
【译文】
①to manage economic affairs within a framework
②economic globalization
③to build a knowledge-driven society
④the practice of democracy in international relations
⑤to build an information-based national economy
⑥to apply scientific research results to industrial production
15. ①一窝蜜蜂
②一窝小鸡
③一窝幼犬
【译文】
①A swarm of bees
②A brood of chickens
③A litter of pups
16. ①一群美女
②一群猎狗
③一群鸭
④一群羚羊
【译文】
①A bevy of beautiful ladies
②A pack of hounds
③A team of ducks
④A herd of antelopes
17. ①积极支持
②积极的财政政策
③积极利用国外资源
【译文】
①unfailing support
②proactive fiscal policy
③make effective use of overseas resources
18. ①基本工资
②基本建设
③基本物质
④基本工业
⑤基本利益
【译文】
①basic wage
②capital construction
③essential commodity
④primary industry
⑤fundamental interest
19. ①大城市
②大雨
③大志
④大人物
⑤大道理
【译文】
①a big city
②a heavy rain
③a high aim
④an important person
⑤general principle
20. ①老战士
②老领导
③老师傅
④老芹菜
【译文】
①a veteran
②a senior leader
③a master craftsman
④overgrown celery
21. ①打电话
②打的
③打毛衣
④打水
⑤打篮球
⑥打农药
【译文】
①to make a phone call
②to take a taxi
③to knit a woolen sweater
④to fetch water
⑤to play basketball
⑥to spray insecticide
22. ①维护统一
②维护独立主权
③维护国家荣誉
④维护国家主权
⑤维护人民利益
⑥维护自尊
⑦维护世界和平与安全
【译文】
①to uphold unity
②to uphold independence and sovereignty
③to defend national honor
④to defend state sovereignty
⑤to safeguard the people’s interests
⑥to safeguard self-respect
⑦to maintain/ safeguard world peace and security
23. ①进行社会主义革命
②进行一场激烈的争论
③进行实地调查
④进行亲切的谈话
⑤进行侵略
⑥进行核试验
【译文】
①to carry out socialist revolution
②to carry on a spirited debate
③to make an on-the-spot investigation
④to have a cordial conversation
⑤to commit aggression to hold consultation with
⑥to conduct a nuclear test
24. 严格训练、严格要求。

【译文】Go in for rigorous training and set strict demand.
二、翻译下列句子，注意根据语境选择恰当的单词。

1. ①He is a funny writer
②There is something funny about the matter.
③You will be sorry if you try anything funny in class.
【译文】
①他是个风趣的作家
②事情有些蹊跷。

③你要是在课堂上玩什么鬼花样，肯定要后悔的。

2. ①Your country is a consistent and resolute champion of all the peoples who struggle against terrorism.
②It is the champion of apartheid.
【译文】
①贵国一直坚定地站在反恐怖主义的前列。

②它是导致种族隔离的罪魁祸首。

3. ①She is fidgety and restless.
②All the inventors have a restless mind.
【译文】
①她生性急躁好动。

②所有的发明家都有一个不停思索的头脑。

4. ①Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it.
②That athlete tried to relive his glory days.
【译文】
①凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。

②那运动员试图重温他的光辉岁月。

5. ①This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
②He is making himself cheap.
【译文】
①这种打字机确实便宜又好用。

②他这么做正使他的名誉受损。

6. ①The enemy’s scheme went bankrupt.
②We have mapped out a scheme.
【译文】
①敌人的阴谋破产了。

②我们已经制定了一个方案。

7. ①Our plansucceeded.
②The underwriter realizes this and certainly does not set out to make life difficult for his agency colleagues. However, he has a job to do. Part of that job is to ensure that people who attempt to buy policies because they expect to “die”soon do not succeed in fooling him and his company.
【译文】
①我们的计划成功了。

②核保人如果认识到这一点，当然不会让他的代理处的同事难堪。

然而，他又肩负着责任，其责任之一便是，确保那些因预计很快“死亡”而设法购买统保单的人欺骗核保人自己及其公司的企图不会得逞。

8. ①One player in particular deserves a mention.
②He deserves to be locked up forever for what he did. 【译文】
①一名运动员特别值得表扬。

②他做了这样的事，活该终身监禁。

9. ①还有些未完成的事要处理。

②我们就这件事请教过他。

③请回去吧，这里没你的事了。

【译文】
①There is still some unfinished business to settle.
②We have consulted him about the matter.
③Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now.
10. ①连续下了三天大雨。

②他爱说大话。

③他们在给教室大扫除。

④像他这样的人大有人在。

⑤根据你的建议，我们应该办大厂了。

⑥如果你那样干，你大错特错了。

【译文】
①It rained cats and dogs three days on end.
②He likes talking big.
③They are giving the classroom a good clean.
④A person like him is by no means(in no way/ on no account/ never/not absolutely)rare.
⑤We should go in for industry in a big way in accordance with your suggestion.
⑥If you do it like that, you’ll be completely (gravely/seriously) mistaken.
11. ①为了保卫国家安全，维护祖国统一，我们必须不断增强国防实力。

②中国对外政策的宗旨，就是维护世界和平，促进共同发展。

③我们要维护人民的权利。

④进一步维护社会稳定。

⑤联合国应维护正义，在维护世界和平促进发展方面起积极作用。

⑥我们要维护香港的经济繁荣和社会稳定。

【译文】
①We must build up our defense capability with a view
to safeguarding our State security and national unity.
②The purpose of China’s foreign policy is to safeguard world peace and promote common development.
③We should maintain the people’s rights.
④We need to better safeguard social stability.
⑤The U.N. should uphold justice and play a more active role
in maintaining world peace and promoting development.
⑥We should maintain the economic prosperity and social stability of Hong Kong.
12. ①心有余而力不足。

②您的建议我会永远铭记在心。

③如果你忘了她的生日她会很伤心的。

④居心叵测
⑤得人心者得天下。

⑥劳心者治人，劳力者治于人。

【译文】
①One’s ability falls short of one’s wishes.
②I will always bear your advice in mind.
③You’ll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday.
④to nurse evil intentions.
⑤Those who gain popularity among people will gain the power.
⑥Those who work with brain rule those who work with their brawn are ruled.
13. ①剪纸是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。

②现在又开始流行短发了。

【译文】
①Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts.
②It’s becoming fashionable again to have short hair.
14. ①该委员会由十五人组成。

②党组织是由无产阶级先进分子组成的。

③空气是由多种气体混合组成的。

【译文】
①The committee consists of 15 members.
②The Party organization is composed of the advanced elements of the proletariat.
③Air is made up of a mixture of gases.
15. ①他醉心于医学研究。

②那个人醉心于名利。

【译文】
①He is deeply engrossed in medical research.
②That chap is infatuated with fame and gain.
16. ①我借一下你的自行车好吗？
②我借一下你的电话好吗？
③借光、借光。

【译文】
①May I borrow your bike?
②May I use your telephone?
③Excuse me, excuse me!
17. 她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵。

【译文】What she seeks is truth, and what he hankers after is nothing but high position and great wealth.
18. 他们讲索取，我们讲奉献
【译文】They preach taking from others, whereas we advocate giving to others.
19. ①不解决一系列问题，双方贸易无法进一步得到发展。

②这笔索赔已经拖了好几年了，所涉及的问题很复杂，我真不知道该怎么处理。

③用户在技术交流时，向贵方专家提出了许多问题。

④搞这个合资公司是个好主意，但问题是能否保证它可以得到足够的订单。

【译文】
①In the absence of the settlement of a series of issues of principle, the business between the two parties can hardly be pushed forward.
②This claim has been kept outstanding for many years.
The problems involved are so complicated that I really don’t know how to tackle them.
③Our end users ask your specialists a lot of questions at the technical seminar.
④It is a good idea to organize this joint-venture company,
but the point is whether enough orders can be secured for it.
20. ①双方价格差距很大，先谈到这里吧！你的意见如何。

②贵方总裁和我们总经理就拟议中的合资项目坦率地交换了意见。

【译文】
①Since the price gap is very wide between the two parties, shall we suspend the discussion? What’s your idea?
②Your President had a frank exchange of views with our Managing Director on the proposed joint venture project.
21. ①我们找个安静的地方好好聊聊。

②箱子里已经没有地方了。

③你希望留在部队还是到地方上去？
【译文】
①Let’s find somewhere quiet so we can have a good talk.
②There is no room left in the chest.
③Would you like to stay in the army or leave for a non-military unit?
22. ①我们必须改善我们的财政状况。

②我们很担心他的精神状况。

③信息技术引发的商业模式的变革，在过去的几年中呈现出迅猛发展的状况。

【译文】
①We must better our financial condition.
②We are worried about his mentalstate.
③In the past few years, the transform of business mode brought by information technology took on a rapid development trend.
【解析】condition与形容词连用，尤指人或事物的外观、品质和工作状况。

state较condition通用，指在特定时间的状况，可不加形容词。

trend 多指未来发展的趋势和状况。

23. ①在这种情况下
②他的情况比较困难。

③前面有情况，做好战斗准备。

④可是在其他地方，情况却完全两样了。

⑤我们可能去那儿，那得看情况而定。

【译文】
①under these / such circumstances; such being the case; in accordance with this specific condition
②He is in a difficult situation.
③There’s enemy activity ahead. Prepare for combat.
④But the picture outside this place is quite another story.
⑤We may go there, but that depends.
【解析】句②中，“情况”指“处境、境遇”。

句③中的“情况”指“敌情”，故译为enemy activity。

24. ①当前最重要的任务就是发展国民经济，提高人民生活水平。

②在该任务中，每个人都应该按计划行动。

③这个任务我可能会给你们特优。

【译文】
①Our primary task at present is to develop national economy and promote the living standard of people.
②Everyone in the mission should act on the plan.
③I might give you an HD on this assignment.
【解析】task多指复杂困难的工作和整体规划。

mission多指人担负的使命和承受的重担。

assignment多指一个一个的小任务，例如作业，考核等。

25. ①参与亚太经合组织对中国的影响是多方面的。

②这是一个困扰我们的问题，而且不仅仅因为它产生直接影响。

【译文】
①APEC’s influence on China will become manifest in several aspects.
②This is a matter that troubles us not only because of its
immediate impact.
【解析】influence可用于广义上的影响，既可以是积极的，也可以是消极的。

impact多用于消极的影响。

26. ①您的建议我会永远铭记在心。

②她的建议是，我们应轮流做这件事。

③你是赞成还是反对这项建议？
【译文】
①I will always bear your advice in mind.
②Her suggestion is that we should do this by turn.
③Are you for or against this proposal?
【解析】advice多用于中肯可行的劝告和提醒，希望被建议者能够及时采纳。

suggestion多用于提出具体做某件事的建议，仅供参考。

proposal多用于建言献策，对公共事务和政府管理提议。

三、对下列“假朋友”进行改译。

1. oil skin 油性皮肤
【改译】油布
2. good seats好的座位
【改译】好票
3. mad doctor 发疯的医生
【改译】精神病医生
4. bull’s eye 牛的眼睛
【改译】靶心
5. red - cap红帽子
【改译】搬运服务人员
13. husband like像丈夫的
【改译】善于管理农活的
14. cock- and- bull story鸡和牛的故事【改译】无稽之谈
15. bite the thumbs at咬大拇指
【改译】对……嗤之以鼻
16. twice - told tale讲过两次的故事【改译】老掉牙的故事
31. black art黑色艺术
【改译】妖术
32. black stranger陌生的黑人
【改译】完全陌生的人
33. white coal白煤
【改译】（作动力来源用的）水
34. whiteman皮肤白的人
【改译】忠实可靠的人
35. bluestocking蓝色长统袜
【改译】女学者、女才子
36. China policy中国政策
【改译】对华政策
37. Chinese dragon中国龙
【改译】麒麟
38. American beauty美国美女
【改译】红蔷薇
39. English disease英国病
【改译】软骨病
40. Indian summer印度的夏日
【改译】愉快宁静的晚年
41. Greek gift希腊礼物
【改译】害人的礼品
42. be green-eyed 绿眼睛
【改译】嫉妒的
【解析】源自莎士比亚名剧《奥赛罗》第3幕第3场中的台词“Oh! Be ware ,。