(江苏专用)2021版新高考英语一轮复习 板块2 需要“变

第3讲构词法 [全国卷考情分析]
题型典题试做命题解读
语
法
填
空
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free from work，
they invited us to local events and let us know of
an interesting competition(compete)to watch，
together with the story behind it.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)To avoid knee pain, you can run
on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen
(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and
get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and
it's always energetic(energy)．
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ) A taste for meat is actually
(actual) behind the change: An important part of its
corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.
1.给出形容词提
示词，填写副词
或名词；
2．给出动词提示
词，填写名词或
形容词；
3．给出名词提示
词，填写形容词
或动词。

合成法和转化法
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．(2019·湖北七市联考)Flowering in May, peonies' large petals and strong colors are linked to prosperity and ________ (rich) in traditional Chinese culture.
richness[考查名词。

空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity(繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。

] 2．(2019·武汉武昌区调研)In fact, it must have a hard struggle to get its ________(free) from the cocoon.
freedom[考查名词。

空处前面是形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，所以填名词freedom。

]
3．(2019·合肥第一次教学质量检测)Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect biological system, and creative ________ (combine) of nature and humanism.
combination[考查名词。

由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知，此处应用combine的名词形式。

]
4．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)The United Nations agency reported this week the
12 superbugs are a threat to human ________(healthy)．
health[考查名词。

介词后跟名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。

human health意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。

]
5．(2019·河南豫北名校质量评估)Lanzhou beef noodle has a history of 102 years and is known for its _______(taste) beef, soup and noodles.
tasty[考查形容词。

分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作定语，修饰名词beef，故应填形容词tasty“美味的，可口的”。

]
[要点解读]
(一)合成法
合成词是由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词方式(有的合成词中间需加连字符)。

合成词的词义可以根据各个组成部分的意思加以推断。

构成合成词的几个词可以是词性相同的词也可以是词性不同的词。

高中阶段常见的合成形式有：
不增加任何成分，不改变词形，把一个单词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性的构词法叫转化法。

高中阶段常见的转化形式有：
考点一形容词加ly变为副词的规律
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．The boy ran quickly(quick)to school.
2．“What's that？” Father shouted angrily(angry)．
3．The little girl is extremely(extreme)eager to know the result of the exam.
4．Your composition is badly(bad)organized.Please do your writing exercise more
attentively(attend)next time.
[要点解读]
1．一般情况加ly。

如：real→really；careful→carefully；polite→politely；quick→quickly
2．“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，将y改为ily。

如：angry→angrily；busy→busily；heavy→heavily
3．以ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。

如：probable→probably；possible→possibly 4．个别单词，去掉e再加ly。

如：true→truly
5．以ic结尾的，加ally。

如：basic→basically；energetic→energetically
[注意] 有的名词＋ly→形容词，如：friend→friendly；day→daily
考点二动词/名词变形容词的常见后缀
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．He is rather selfish(self) so that nobody prefers to have a talk with him.
2．The good working condition in the factory is attractive(attract)．
3．He is reliable(rely) so you can depend on him.
4．They are nervous(nerve) about their first trip abroad.
5．The flower is harmful(harm) to our health.
[要点解读]
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．Annan will be remembered for his ability and his warmth(warm)．
2．Without hesitation(hesitate)，I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.
[要点解读]
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．I'm doing Tom's job in his absence(absent)．2．He has the ability(able)to do the job.
[要点解读]
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．The famous actress(act)is dancing with her fans.
2．We should respect everyone，even a beggar(beg)．
3．My boss is not here.Do you like to speak to one of his assistants(assist)? [要点解读]
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．As they couldn't play outdoors，they were unhappy(happy)，and some even got into fights from time to time.
2．People on welfare are wrongly seen as lazy or dishonest(honest)．
3．Informal(formal) clothes are suitable for wearing at home or in ordinary situations.
[要点解读]
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．Travelling abroad can broaden(broad)our horizons.
2．The clever boy has the ability to simplify(simple) that dull story.
3．He eventually realized(real)his ambition to become a scientist.
[要点解读]
[题组试做]
单句语法填空
1．The frightening shout frightened the boys.＝The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened.(frighten)
2．His surprised(surprise) look suggested that he knew nothing about it.
3．The story sounds interesting and we are interested in the story.(interest) [要点解读]
一些动词，如excite，disappoint，encourage，puzzle，surprise，confuse，interest，satisfy，please，shock，astonish，disturb，bore等，其现在分词(ing)和过去分词(ed)都能转化为形容词。

The story was very moving and we were deeply moved.
这个故事非常感人，我们都被深深地感动了。