法律英语核心词汇

必备法律英语词汇
民事法律英语词汇
(A,B)
按份共有several possession
按份之债several obligation
版权copyright
包办婚姻arranged marriage
保证guaranty/guarantee
保证合同contract of guaranty
保证金guaranty bond; security deposit
保证人guarantor
被代理人（本人）principal
本代理original agency
本代理人original agent
次代理subagency
代理权right of agency
代理行为act of agency
表见代理agency by estoppel;
apparent agency
不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right 不当得利unjust enrichment
不当履行misfeasance
不可抗力force majeure
不可侵犯权inviolability
不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act 不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act
不作为omission
(C)
财产担保property guarantee
财产分割partition; dismemberment of property
财团法人legal body of financial group
采矿权mining ownership
产品瑕疵defect of product
撤销权right of claiming cancellation
承包经营权right to contracted management 承认权right of admission
诚实信用原则principle of good faith
乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position 程序法procedural law
驰名商标reputed trademark
处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi
创造性creativity
创作creation
从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act
从债accessory obligation
(D)
大陆法continental law
大陆法系civil law system
代位继承representation; succession by subrogation
代位权subrogated right
单独继承single succession
单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act 单一之债single obligation
担保物权real right for security
盗版VCD pirated VCD
等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange
抵销setoff
抵押标的物collateral; estate under mortgage 抵押权hypothec; right to mortgage
抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage 抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage
抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage 抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage 抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage
抵押权的消灭extinction of right to mortgage
抵押权的效力defect of right to mortgage
抵押权人mortgagee
抵押人mortgagor
抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage
抵押优先权priority of mortgage
地上权superficies
地役权servitude; easement
第一顺序继承人successor first in order
佃权tenant right
定金earnest money; deposit
独生子女only child
多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act ( E, F)
恶意占有malicious possession
发表权right of publication
发明创造invention and creation
发明权right of invention
发现权right of discovery
法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent
法定继承legal succession
法定违约金liquidated damages by law
法定之债legal obligation
法定孳息legal fruits
法律婚legal marriage
法律渊源source of law
法人legal person
法人合伙partnership of legal person
法人型联营association of legal persons
防卫行为act of defense
非婚生子女illegitimate child
非专属权non-exclusive right
否认权right of claiming cancellation
夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro; divorce from bed and board
夫妻共同财产community property
夫妻关系conjugal relationship
服务商标service trademark
抚恤金pension
附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term
复婚resumption of marriage
( G )
感情破裂incompatibility
个人独资企业individual business establishment
个人合伙partnership
个体工商户individual business
给付give; pay
工业产权industrial property
公法public law
公力救济public protection 公民citizen
公平原则principle of justice
公序良俗public order and moral
共同共有joint possession
共同继承joint succession
固有法native law; indigenous law
关联企业affiliate enterprise
广告商标advertisement trademark
国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment 国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise (H)
合法行为lawful act
合伙财产property of partnership
合伙人partner
合伙协议partnership agreement
合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership
合伙债务debt of partnership
合同之债contractual obligation
合作社cooperative
衡平法equity; law of equity
户籍census register
婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties
婚生子女legitimate child
婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family, inheritance, adoption
婚姻登记marriage registration
婚姻法marital law; marriage law
货币currency
获得报酬权right to get payment/remuneration
( J, K )
计划生育birth control
技术诀窍know-how
继承参与人succession participant
继承法inheritance law; law of succession
继承人heir; successor
间接继承indirect succession
监护guardianship
简单之债simple obligation
教会法ecclesiastical law
解除权right of renouncement
紧急避险act of rescue; necessity
近似商标similar trademark
禁止规范forbidding norm
经常居住地frequently dwelling place
经营权managerial authority; power of management
精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage
救济权right of relief
居所residence
绝对权absolute right
抗辩权right of defense
可撤销民事行为revocable civil act
( L, M )
离婚divorce
利用权right to make use of
例外法exception law
连带之债joint obligation
联营joint venture
林权forest ownership
留置权lien
录制权right of fixation
律师代理agency by lawyer
罗马法Roman Law
罗马法系Roman law system
埋藏物fortuna; hidden property
买卖婚姻mercenary marriage
民法法律规范norm of civil law
民法法系civil law system
民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law
民事法律行为civil legal act
民事合伙civil partnership
民事权利能力civil right capacity
民事行为civil act
名称权right of name
名誉权right of reputation
明示保证express guaranty
命令性规范commanding norm
默示保证implied guaranty
( N, P )
拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law
农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household
诺成性民事法律行为consenting civil legal act 判例法case law; precedent
旁系血亲collateral blood relation
配偶spouse
剽窃plagiary; plagiarism
漂流物drifting object
平等原则principle of equality
普通代理general agency
普通法common law
普通合伙general partnership
期待权expectant right
欺诈fraud
( Q )
企业法人legal body of enterprise
企业集团group of enterprise
亲权parental right
亲属权right of relative
侵权行为tort
侵权行为之债tort obligation
清偿discharge; satisfaction
情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances
请求权right of claim
全权代理general agency
全权代理委托书general power of attorney 权利本位standard of right
权利的保护protection of right
( R )
让与担保alienation guarantee
人格权right of personality
人权human right
人身权利personal right
人身损害damage to person
人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude
任意之债voluntary obligation
日尔曼法Germanic law
荣誉权right of honor
入伙join partnership
( S )
善意占有possession in good faith
商标代理trademark agency
商标公告trademark gazette
商标国际注册international registration of trademark
商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board
商标侵权trademark infringement
商标权trademark right
商标审查trademark examination
商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement
商标事务所trademark office
商标注册trademark register
商品商标commodity trademark
社会本位standard of society
社团法人legal body of mass organization
涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements
涉外收养adoption with foreign elements
申请在先原则prior application rule
身份权right of status
生命健康权right of life and health
生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death
实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance
实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act 实体法substantial law
实用新型utility model
实用性practicability
使用权right of use; right to use of
使用收益分享权right to share usufruct
使用在先priority of use
世袭继承hereditary succession
市民法jus civile
事实婚de facto marriage
收回权right of recall; right of retrieval
收养法adoption law
收养人adoptive parent/adopter
收养协议adoption agreement
收益权right to earnings; right to yields
受托人trustee
授权规范authorization norm
授权委托书power of attorney
授权行为act of authorization
署名权right of authorship; right of paternity 司法解释judicial interpretation
私法private law
私力救济self-protection 私生活秘密权right of privacy
私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship 寺院法canon law
送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption
诉讼离婚divorce by litigation
损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury; obligation of damages
所有权dominium; ownership; title
所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership
( T )
他物权jus in re aliena
探视权visitation right
特别法special law
特别合伙special partnership
特别留置权special lien
特定之债certain obligation
特许权使用费royalties
提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority
天然孳息natural fruits
同居cohabitation
同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance
土地使用权right to the use of land
退伙withdrawal from partnership
( W )
外观设计design; industrial design
完全行为能力perfect capacity for act
完整性保持权right to maintain integrity
晚婚late marriage
万民法jus gentium
违法行为illegal act; unlawful act
违约金liquidated damages
伪造forge
委托代理agency by mandate
慰问金consolation money
无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award
无效婚姻void marriage
无效行为ineffective act
无行为能力incapacity for act
无因管理voluntary service
无责任行为irresponsible right
无主物bona vacatia; vacant goods; ownerless goods
物的担保security for thing
物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing
物权分类classification of right in rem/real right
物上请求权right of claim for real thing
误传misrepresentation
( X )
习惯法customary law
先买权preemption
显失公平obvious unjust
限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act
相对权relative right
相对人counterpart; offeree
相邻权neighboring right; related right
肖像权right of portraiture
协议离婚divorce by agreement
协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management
胁迫duress
新颖性novelty
信用担保credit guarantee
行为能力capacity for act
形成权right of formation
姓名权right of name
修改权right of modification; right of revision
选择之债alternative obligation
( Y )
押金deposit; foregift
要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act
要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act 一夫一妻制monogamy
伊斯兰法Islamic law
医疗费medical charge
医药费hospital treatment expense
遗产inheritance; heritage
遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor
遗失物lost property
遗书last words
遗言last will and testament 遗赠bequest; legacy; devise(不动产)
遗赠抚养协议legacy-support agreement
遗赠继承succession by devise
遗嘱继承intestate succession
以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention
义务性规范obligatory norm
意思表示declaration of intention
意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus 意思能力capacity of will
意外事件accident
隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership
隐私权right of privacy
英吉利法English law
英美法系system of Anglo-American law
永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right
用益物权real right for usufruct
优先权日priority date
优先权原则doctrine of priority right
有权代理authorized agency
有限合伙limited partnership
预付款advanced payment
约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement
( Z )
再代理人subagent
早婚early marriage
债的担保guarantee of obligation
债的履行performance of obligation
债权jus in personam; right to give or procure; claim; creditor’s right
债权人creditor
债券bond
债务debt; liability; obligation
债务的偿还payment of debt
债务的偿清discharge of debt
债务的担保guarantee of debt
债务的给付日期debt maturity
债务的合并consolidation of debt
债务的免除exemption of debt
债务人debtor
占有权dominium utile; equitable ownership
贞操权virginity right
正当防卫justifiable right; legitimate defense 证券securities
支配权right of dominion
知识产权intellectual property
知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property
直系血亲lineal descent
指定代理人designated agent
制定法statute
质权right of pledge
智力成果intellectual property
中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China
中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise
终止权right of termination
种类之债indefinite obligation
重大误解gross misunderstanding
重婚bigamy
主民事法律行为principal civil legal act
主债prime/principal obligation
住所domicile
注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark
注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark
著作财产权property right in work
著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright 著作权人copyright owner
部分美国刑事法律英语词汇
Year and a Day Rule 满一年原则（如受害者满一年未死亡，不得以杀人罪起诉被告）Wharton's Rule 沃顿原则（如果某种罪最少得由N人所犯，那么N+1人才构成同谋罪）voluntary manslaughter 故意杀人
voluntary intoxication 故意醉酒
victim/witness assistance programs 服务组织提供的对犯罪受害人及证人的安慰及帮助victims rights 刑事司法过程中受害人的基本权利
victimless crime 无受害者犯罪
victim impact statement 受害人影响陈述vehicular homicide 车祸致人死命罪uttering 故意提供或传递伪造文件罪unlawful assembly 非法集会
Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA) 《统一死亡判定法案》
truth in sentencing 判决及释放之间trespassory taking 非法盗窃
treason 叛国罪
three-strikes legislation 重罪加长刑期法theft of computer services 非法窃取计算机服务
tangible property 有形资产
several crimes 数罪several offenses of a kind 同种数罪syndrome-based defense 基于综合症的犯罪sudden passion 突然情感爆发（可能导致故意杀人）
substantive criminal law 实体刑法subornation of perjury 非法教唆他人作伪证strict liability crimes 严格责任犯罪（无犯罪意图或过错仍然有罪）
accomplice ：同案犯
adult business district ：红灯区
agricrime ：农业犯罪
armed robbery ：武装抢劫
arrest warrant ：逮捕证
assault ：袭击
attack dog ：攻击犬
back-alley butcher ：卑鄙的屠夫
bail ：保释金
blackmail scandal敲诈丑闻/ black market blood money ：血腥钱
body bag ：装尸袋
guilty of bribery行贿受贿罪
bum rap ：错捕
career criminal ：职业罪犯
child abuse ：虐待儿童
computer cleaner：消除财务信息的电脑黑客con artist ：行骗高手con game ：骗局credit-card fraud ：信用卡欺诈
date rape ：约会强奸
domestic violence ：家庭暴力
drunk driving ：酒后驾驶
first-degree murder ：一级谋杀案
hijack劫持/ blackjack /skyjacking/carjacking hit-and-run accident肇事逃逸案
homicide of a prostitute妓女被杀
hold-up ：持枪抢劫
impulse crime ：冲动犯罪
juvenile delinquency ：青少年犯罪arrested for larceny：偷盗被捕（pickpocket ）Mafia ：黑手党money laundering ：洗钱organized crime ：集团犯罪perjury ：伪证
police corruption ：警察腐败pornoshop ：色情商店
sin tax ：罪孽税
statutory rape ：法定强奸罪suicide season ：自杀季节tax evasion ：逃税
white-collar crime ：白领犯罪
诉讼法律
(a b)
案件发回remand a case (to a low court)
案件名称title of a case
案卷材料materials in the case
案情陈述书statement of case
案外人person other than involved in the case 案值total value involved in the case
败诉方losing party胜诉方winning party
办案人员personnel handling a case
保全措施申请书application for protective measures
报案report a case (to security authorities)
被告defendant; the accused
被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused
被告第二次答辩rejoinder
被害人victim
被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem
被上诉人respondent; the appellee
被申请人respondent
被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed
被执行人person subject to enforcement
本诉principal action
必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation
变通管辖jurisdiction by accord
辩护defense
辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer
辩护人defender 辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence
辩论阶段stage of court debate
驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim
驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion
驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgment/ruling
驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit
驳回通知书notice of dismissal
驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution 驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case
补充答辩supplementary answer
补充判决supplementary judgment
补充侦查supplementary investigation
不公开审理trial in camera
不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing
不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest
不起诉，撤回诉讼nol. pros.
不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court
(c d)
财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation
裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)
裁定管辖jurisdiction by order
裁定书order; ruling
裁决书award
采信的证据admitted evidence
查封seal up
撤回上诉withdraw appeal
撤诉withdraw a lawsuit
撤销立案revoke a case placed on file
撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgment and remand the case to the original court for retrial
出示的证据exhibit
除权判决invalidating judgment (for negotiable instruments)
传唤summon; call
传闻证据hearsay
答辩(状) answer; reply
答辩陈述书statement of defense
大法官associate justices; justice/法官judge 大检察官deputy chief procurator
代理控告agency for accusation
代理申诉agency for appeal
代理审判员acting judge
代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving
弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure
当事人陈述statement of the parties
当庭宣判pronouncement of judgment or sentence in court
地区管辖territorial jurisdiction
地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procurator’s Office
第三人third party
调查笔录record of investigation
定期宣判pronouncement of judgment or sentence later on a fixed date
定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence
冻结freeze
督促程序procedure of supervision and urge 独任庭sole-judge bench
独任仲裁员sole arbitrator
对妨碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action (e f)
二审trial of second instance
二审案件case of trial of second insurance 罚款impose a fine
法定证据statutory/legal evidence
法定证据制度system of legal evidence
法警bailiff; court police
法律文书legal instruments/papers
法律援助legal aid
法律咨询legal consulting
法庭辩论court debate
法庭调查court investigation
法庭审理笔录court record
法庭审理方式mode of court trial
法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal
法院court/ tribunal/ court of justice/court of law/ law court/ judicial court/court house/ judicature/judicatory
法院公告court announcement
反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim
犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect
附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action
附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action
复查reexamination; recheck
复验reinspect
(j k)
基层人民法院basic People’s Court
羁押期限term in custody
级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels
监视居住living at home under surveillance 监狱prison
检察官procurator
检察权prosecutorial power
检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee
检察院procuratorate
检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate
简易程序summary procedure
鉴定结论expert conclusion
经济审判庭economic tribunal
径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgment without notice
纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings
拘传summon by force; summon by warrant
拘留所detention house
举报information/report of an offence
举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi
决定书decision
军事法院military court
开庭审理open a court session
开庭通知notice of court session
勘验笔录record of inquest
看守所detention house
可执行财产executable property
控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings
控诉证据incriminating evidence
控诉职能accusation function
扣押distrain on; attachment
扣押物distraint
宽限期period of grace
(l m n)
劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration
劳改场reform-through-labor farm
劳教所reeducation-through-labor office
类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence
累积证据cumulative evidence
立案报告place a case on file
立案管辖functional jurisdiction
立案决定书written decision of case-filing
立案侦查report of placing a case on file
利害关系人interested party
临时裁决书interim award
律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication
律师事务所law office; law firm
律师提前介入prior intervention by lawyer 免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty
民事案件civil case
民事审判庭civil tribunal
民事诉讼civil action
民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law
扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police (p q)
派出法庭detached tribunal 派出所police station
判决judgment; determination
判决书judgment; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)
旁证circumstantial evidence
陪审员juror
批准逮捕approval of arrest
破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case
破产bankruptcy; insolvency
普通程序general/ordinary procedure
普通管辖general jurisdiction
企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation
起诉filing of a lawsuit
起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings
起诉状indictment; complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim
区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate
取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving
缺席判决default judgment
(r s)
人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee
认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as ownerless
认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity
上诉appeal
上诉人appellant
上诉状petition for appeal
少管所juvenile prison
社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security
涉外案件cases involving foreign interests
涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings
涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings 申请人applicant; petitioner
申请书petition; application for arbitration
申请执行人execution applicant
申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity
申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision
神示制度ordeal system
审查案件case review
审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest 审查起诉阶段stage of review and prosecution
审理通知书notice of hearing
审判长presiding judge
审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session
审判管辖trial jurisdiction
审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision 审判委员会judicial committee
审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings
生效判决裁定legally effective judgment/order
省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate
失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death
实（质）体证据substantial evidence
实物证据tangible evidence
实在证据real evidence
示意证据demonstrative evidence
视听证据audio-visual evidence
收容所collecting post; safe retreat
首席检察官chief procurator
受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family 受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case
受送达人the addressee
书记员court clerk
书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules
书证documentary evidence
司法部Ministry of Justice
司法机关judicial organizations
司法警察judicial police
司法局judicial bureau 司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 司法协助judicial assistance
死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve
死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence
死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence
送达service of process
送达传票service of summons/subpoena
送达诉状service of bill of complaint
搜查search
诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit; litigation
诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit
诉讼保全attachment
诉讼参加人litigious participants
诉讼代理人agent ad litem
特别程序special procedures
(t w x)
铁路法院railway court
提起公诉institute a public prosecution
铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate 庭审程序procedure of court trial
通缉wanted for arrest
投案appearance
退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation
委托辩护entrusted defense
未成年人法庭juvenile court
无行政职务的法官associate judge
无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause
无罪判决acquittal, finding of unguilty
物证material evidence
先予执行申请书application for advanced execution
刑事拘留criminal detention
刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures
刑事审判庭criminal tribunal
刑事诉讼criminal proceedings
刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law
刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint
行政审判庭administrative tribunal
行政诉讼administrative proceedings
行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death
宣判笔录record of rendition of judgment
选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters
询问证人inquire/question a witness
训诫reprimand
讯问笔录record of interrogation
讯问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect ( y z)
言词证据verbal evidence
要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena
一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding
一审trial of first instance
应诉通知书notice of respondence to action 有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”
预审preliminary examination; pretrial
原告plaintiff
院长court president
阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers) 再审案件case of retrial
再审申请书petition for retrial
责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance
债权人会议creditors’meeting
侦查阶段investigation stage
侦查终结conclusion of investigation
征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant
证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation
证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit
支付令payment order/warrant
知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal
执行程序procedure execution
执行逮捕execution of arrest 执行和解conciliation of execution
执行回转recovery of execution
执行异议objection to execution
执行员executor执行庭executive tribunal 执行中止discontinuance of execution
执行终结conclusion of execution
指定辩护appointed defense
指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator
中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court 中途退庭retreat during court session without permission
仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant
仲裁申请书arbitration
仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff
仲裁庭arbitration tribunal
仲裁委员会arbitration committee
仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration
主诉检察官principal procurator
助理检察官assistant procurator
专门管辖specific jurisdiction
专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction
追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility
自首confession to justice
自诉案件private-prosecuting case
自行辩护self-defense
自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence
自侦案件self-investigating case
最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court 最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate
其它
判决：judgment(用于民事、行政案件); determination(用于终审); sentence(用于刑事案); verdict(由陪审团作出)
裁定书：order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）；award（用于仲裁）；verdict（用于陪审团）
决定书：decision
法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)
法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)
法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)
律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate 律师执业证lawyer license
律师费lawyer fee。