专题讲解祈使句及练习

祈使句
一祈使句的用法。

1.祈使句的概念。

祈使句表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等，谓语动词用原形。

主语you通常省略，句末用感叹号或句号，例如：
Knock at the door before entering, please!进来时请敲门！（建议）Look out! There is a train coming.注意！火车来了!（提醒）
Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking.请穿结实的鞋子，因为我们要走许多的路。

（叮嘱）
Put on your coat at once. We must hurry.立刻穿上衣服，我们必须快点（命令）
Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved.如果你能，来献血吧，这会挽救很多人的生命。

（号召）
2.祈使句的分类。

祈使句分为第二人称祈使句，第一人称祈使句和第三人称祈使句。

二．第二人称祈使句是以听话人为祈使对象的祈使句，通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。

这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是已动词原形开头，例如：
Keep quiet, please!
Open the door, please!
Hurry up!
3.第一人称祈使句是一第一人称代词作为祈使句的对象，这类祈使句通常是
以let为引导词表示建议。

句子结构为let+me/us+动词原形，例如：
Let’s go out and play！让我们出去玩吧。

Let’s play a guessing game!我们来玩猜谜游戏吧。

Let me have a look!让我来看一看。

Let me tell you!让我来告诉你。

4.第三人称祈使句是以第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，以let为
引导词，句子结构为let+him/her/it/them/名词+动词原形，例如：
Let him be here by 10 o’clock.让他十点前来这儿。

Let her do it by herself.让他10点前来这儿。

Let it go.让它去吧。

典型例题
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

Tom,____________(do) the homework now.
解题思路：该题句首Tom 后面有个逗号，说明是对Tom说话，后面的说话内容是一个祈使句，应该用动词原形开头，用do，意思是“Tom，现在做作业吧。

”但是有的学生会忽略逗号。

误以为是现在进行时的句子，填成is doing.
三．否定的祈使句。

1.第二人称祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t或never,例如：
Don’t be nervous!你不要紧张!
Don’t make any noise!都别吵人了！
Never be late again.别再迟到了。

Please don’t forget to take your medicine.请不要忘记吃药。

2.第一人称祈使句的否定结构。

是在动词原形前面加not,句型为let
me/us/ not do sth. 例如：
Let’s not waste our time arguing about it!咱们别浪费时间争论这事了！
Let’s not say anything about it!这事咱们谁也别说！
Let’s not go back late.
3.第一人称祈使句的否定结构，是在其句首加didn’t,例如：
Don’t let him play with the fire.让他不要玩火！
Don’t let anyon e come in.就让任何人进来！
Don’t let them play along the river.别让他们在河边玩。

4.“No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止，一般用于指示、标牌、布告等，例如：
No smoking!禁止吸烟！ No spitting!不准随地吐痰！
No litter!不准乱扔果皮纸屑！ No entry!不许入内！
No thoroughfare!禁止通行！ No painting on the wall!墙上不准涂写！
No admittance except on business!非公莫人！
典型例题
将下列祈使句改成否定句。

(1)Let’s fly kites now.
_________________________________________________________
解题思路：第一人称祈使句的否定结构，在动词原形前面加not, 句型为Let me/us not do sth.
(2)Let him stay at home alone.
_______________________________________________________________ 第三人称祈使句的否定结构，是在其句首加don’t. 不要和第一人称祈使句的否定结构混淆起来。

用动词的适当形式填空。

(1)Alice, ___________________ (not be) sad about it.
解题思路：该题句首Alice 后面有个逗号，说明是对Alice 说话，后面的说话内容是个祈使句，括号里“not be”提示为祈使句的否定形式，填don’t be,意思是“Alice,不要为此而难过了。

”但是有的学生会忽略逗号，填成isn’t.
过关演练
I连词成句。

001.please, after , read, me
___________________________________________________________
002.down, sit, please.
___________________________________________________________
003. here, come, and, the, blackboard, clean
___________________________________________________________
004.there, go, and , stand, please
___________________________________________________________
005.the, window, close, please
___________________________________________________________ 006.Dad, me, a yo-yo, buy, please
___________________________________________________________ 007.to, listen, me, carefully, please
___________________________________________________________ 008.play,let’s. hid e-and-seek
___________________________________________________________ 009.not, make, let’s, mistake s, any
___________________________________________________________ 010.be,don’t late, class , for
___________________________________________________________ 011.Mum, me, give, some, cookies, please
___________________________________________________________ 012.let,them, don’t, play, the, along, river
___________________________________________________________ 013.anyone, don’t, let, in, come
___________________________________________________________ 014.up, hurry, or, be, you’ll, late
015.turn, the, electric, fan, on, please
___________________________________________________________ II．将下列祈使句改成否定句。

016.Stop, please.
___________________________________________________________ 017.Give her a hamburger.
___________________________________________________________ 018.Brush your teeth now.
___________________________________________________________ 019.Run around the house.
___________________________________________________________ 020.Let the baby laugh.
___________________________________________________________ 021.Let the bird fly away.
___________________________________________________________ 022.Let the dog stay in the cage.
___________________________________________________________ 023.Let’s get ready for the picnic.
___________________________________________________________ 024.Let’s watch TV after supper.
025.Let’s cross the road together.
___________________________________________________________ 026.Make the bed now.
___________________________________________________________ 027.Put on your new shoes.
___________________________________________________________ 028.Let them finish their work now.
___________________________________________________________ 030.Let him do it by himself.
___________________________________________________________ III.将下列祈使句改成肯定句。

031.Don’t go there with them.
___________________________________________________________ 032.Don’t take a sandwich with you.
___________________________________________________________ 033.Don’t take him to the funfair with tomorrow.
___________________________________________________________ 034.Don’t turn on the TV.
___________________________________________________________ 035.Don’t feed the bird.
036.Don’t wait for me.
___________________________________________________________
037.Don’t let her open the window.
___________________________________________________________
038.Don’t let them eat the sweet.
___________________________________________________________
039.Let’s not talk about the movie.
___________________________________________________________
040.Let’s not walk around the tree.
___________________________________________________________
IV．照样子写句子。

例如：Don’t smoke.￫No smoking.
041.Don’t walking on the grass. ￫_________________________________ 042.Don’t make noise. ￫_________________________________
043.Don’t litter. ￫_________________________________
044.Don’t swim here. ￫_________________________________
045.Don’t feed the animal. ￫_________________________________ 046.Don’t touch. ￫_________________________________
047.Don’t climb the tree. ￫_________________________________
048.Don’t paint on the wall. ￫_________________________________
049.Don’t jump off the wall. ￫_________________________________ 050.Don’t pick flowers. ￫_________________________________
051.Don’t take photos. ￫_________________________________
052.Don’t eat or drink here. ￫_________________________________ 053.Don’t shout. ￫_________________________________
V.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

054.Dinner is ready.___________ (lay) the table, please.
055._________(give) me some water, please!
056._________ (fill)the form, please, and__________ (sign) your name here.
057.Mary ,_______ (do) the washing up, please.
058.Mum,______________ (not be) worry. I’ll __________(be) fine. 059.Let’s _________ (not make) any mistakes.
060._________ let the dog_____________ (not follow)me.
061. Let’s ________ (not, chase) the dog. It’s dangerous.
062.Lily and Lucy, _________ (make) yourselves at home, please. 063.Tom,______ (help) yourself to some fruit.
064.Norman, _________ (take) off your coat if you feel hot.
065.Let’s ______________(be) friends and _______(keep) in touch. VI.选择填空。

( )066. _________ me the book, please.
A. Pass
B. Passing C．To pass ( )067. __________ make any noise. They are having an exam.
A. Not
B. No C Don’t
( )068. Let’s __________ camping this weekend.
A. go
B. going C to go
( )069. _______ let him __________ computer games. It’s bad for his eyes.
A. Not, play
B. Don’t, play
C. No, playing
( )070. ________ with fire. It’s dangerous.
A. Don’t play
B. Play
C. Not play
( )071. Jack,______ paper plane for me now.
A. makes
B. make
C. is making
( ) 072. Dad, __________ at home.
A. doesn’t smoke
B. isn’t smoking
C. don’t smoke
( )073. Let’s __________ blow bubbles at home.
A. don’t
B. not C .no
( )074. Please go with us,____________?
A. don’t you
B. will you
C. won’t you
( )075. Let me help you,____________?
A.won’t you
B. will you
C. will I
( )076. Let ‘s take a walk. _______________?
A.shall we
B.will you
C.won’t you
( ) 077. Work hard, ________ you can’t pass the exam.
A. and
B. but
C. or
( ) 078. Go straight ahead,_______ you will see the bank.
A. and
B. but
C. or
( ) 079. Put on your coat, _________ you will catch a cold.
A. so
B. or
C. and
( ) 080. Read more, _____________ you will know a lot.
A. and
B. so
C. or
VII.用祈使句改写下列句子，并保持意思不变。

081.You mustn’t eat or drink in class.
__________________________________________________________________ 082.You mustn’t play football in the street.
__________________________________________________________________ 083.You must listen to the teacher carefully in class.
__________________________________________________________________ 084.You must finish your homework on time every day.
__________________________________________________________________ 085.You can’t take photos in the museum.
__________________________________________________________________ 086.You can’t climb the trees in the park.
__________________________________________________________________
087.You can’t swim in the lake.
__________________________________________________________________ 088.You can’t jump off the wall.
__________________________________________________________________ 089.You must keep quiet in the hospital.
__________________________________________________________________ 090.You must follow the school rules at school.
__________________________________________________________________ 091.You can’t walk on the grass in the park.
__________________________________________________________________ 092.You can’t give up learning English.
__________________________________________________________________ VIII.根据中午提示，将下列句子翻译成英文，每空一词。

093.不要再太阳底下看书，这对眼睛不好。

________ _________ books in the sun. It’s bad for your eyes. 094.不要吃太多糖，这对牙齿不好。

________ _________ too many sweets, it’s bad for you teeth.
095.每天吃一个苹果，你可以不用看医生。

________ _________ _________ a day, and you can keep the doctor away.
096.多做点运动，你就可以保持健康。

________ _________ _________ ,and you can keep healthy.
097.每天读英语，你的英语就会有进步。

_______ ____________ every day, and you can improve your English. 098.相信自己，你也做得到。

________ in ____________.You can do it too!
099.不要担心，一切都会好好起来。

_______ ________.Everything will be OK.
100.永不放弃。

___________ _________ die.。