推荐学习K122019高考英语一轮基础达标练题 Unit 3 The Million Pound B

Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank Note
李仕才
一、阅读理解。

Career criminals begin their antisocial behavior during their toddler (学步的儿童) years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered. While most children grow out of their bad behavior by adulthood, a study found those who had “callous unemotional (冷漠无情的) characteristics” could grow up to have problems with the law later in life. Behavior characteristics such as a lack of sympathy and lying in childhood could have an impact years on.
Luke Hyde, assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan, said, “These are signs for parents and doctors to watch out for, as they may signal more than just the terrible twos.” He said, “Parents both take care of the ir child and provide their child’s genes so it’s been difficult to know if we’re seeing that parenting causes callous unemotional behaviors, or if it is just a sign of the genes being passed to the child.”
The research also discovered that strict parenting is linked to the development of antisocial behavior. Scientists looked at 561 families in an adoption study that examined biological mothers’ antisocial behavior. The scientists found children of antisocial mothers were also more likely to exhibit the same behavior characteristics, despite having limited or no touch with them as they were adopted as babies.
“The really exciting take-home message from this study is that small, day-to-day positive interactions (互动) that parents have with their young children can make a huge difference in children’s development,’’ said Leslie Leve, a professor at the University of Oregon who co-led the data collection.
“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a very challenging set of behaviors, hearing ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties,” he added. The study, worked on by scientists from the University of Michigan, Penn State University and the University of Oregon has been published in the American Journal of Psychiatry.
Researchers will follow the group of children through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years.
1.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Kids’ social behavi ors are related to crime.
B. Criminals begin their crimes during adolescence.
C. Antisocial behaviors of kids could be on their way to a life of crime.
D. Warmhearted kids are more likely to be criminals in the future.
2.What conclusion might the scientists draw from the study?
A. Antisocial behaviors might be inherited.
B. The genes decide kids’ antisocial behaviors.
C. Antisocial behaviors have nothing to do with crimes.
D. Adopted babies surely have antisocial behaviors when they grow up.
3.What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Parenting is the main reason that causes kids’ antisocial behaviors.
B. What causes career criminals to begin their crimes is their parents’ characteristics.
C. Leslie Leve has a doubtful attitude to adoptive mothers’ active in teractions with kids.
D. Inherited antisocial behaviors of kids can be lightened by positive parenting.
4.Why will researchers track kids’ process of growing?
A. To make sure if kids’ behaviors will last.
B. To make sure if praise will change kids.
C. To d etermine if kids’ behaviors will be inherited.
D. To determine if parents’ comfort will protect kids.
【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，积极的育儿方式可以减轻孩子的反社会行为。

1.C 【解析】主旨大意题。

根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Career criminals begin their
antisocial behavior during their toddler years and may go on with a life of crime if their behavior isn’t challenged, scientists have discovered.”可知，本文主要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，故C项正确。

3.D 【解析】推理判断题。

根据第五段中的“Even when children have inherited (遗传) a
very challenging set of behaviors, hearin g ‘good job’ or receiving encouragement can help protect them from developing serious problems coming from their inherited difficulties”可知，积极的育儿教育可以减轻孩子遗传的反社会行为，故D项正确。

4.A 【解析】细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Researchers will follow the group of children
through early adolescence to determine if these behaviors still continue to exist from the toddler years. ”可知，研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的反社会行为是否会持续下去，故A项正确。

二、单句语法填空
1．(2017·北京高考)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree­lined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.
答案：where 根据语境可知，此处应填关系副词where，作宾语从句的连接词，表示“不知道前往何处”。

2．(2017·天津高考)I ________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
答案：was driving be doing... when... 是固定句式，表示“正在做……这时……”，从句用的是一般过去时，主句也应用过去时，且表示动作正在进行，故用过去进行时。

3．Today I will introduce Charles Dickens to you, the great nineteenth century English ________(novel)．
答案：novelist novelist名词“小说家”。

4．The rules of the school do not permit ________(park) near the school gate.
答案：parking permit doing sth. “允许做某事”。

5．We tried ________(seek) an answer to the question, but couldn't find one.
答案：to seek try to seek sth. “努力去寻找某物”。

6．The best way to experience hutong life is simply ________(wander) around the alleys, either on foot or by bicycle.
答案：to wander 不定式短语，在本句中作表语，说明主语的具体内容。

7．It is very important to teach their children how to deal with others' kindness and ________(rude)．
答案：rudeness 由“kindness and”可知应用所给词的名词形式rudeness。

8．She lay on the grass, staring at the sky ________(spot) with stars.
答案：spotted be spotted with “布满着……”，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语。

9．The reason why he asked for two days' leave is ________he had to take care of his sick son.
答案：that
10．The results are quite contrary ________my expectations, and it's really frustrating.
答案：to be contrary to “与……正好相反”。

三、完形填空。

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。

When my kids were small，I started a tradition in our house of giving eight gifts over the course of the eight days of Hanukkah(光明节)．I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night and giving my children a gift to unwrap to __2__.It was easy to go into a toy store and pick up something __3__ less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)．My children didn't ask for anything much in particular and they __4__ whatever they got.
As the years progressed，I __5__ the tradition of eight gifts for each night of Hanukkah.
But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else.My special­needs son decided that he wanted to __7__ a computer，and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it.When I wouldn't __8__ that，he decided he wanted a P1ayStation.Then Amazon gift cards.Then money.And when it became clear that it wasn't going to happen，he got __9__.
I keep __10__ him that Hanukkah isn't about greed or materialism.It's about the miracle of an oil lamp that __11__ for eight days.It's about being __12__ of our heritage.It's about freedom.
But he __13__.I know deep down that his obsessions(迷恋的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine.Having a special­needs child is as __15__ as it gets.Some days are better than others and not all holidays __16__ the way I hope.But despite his unrealistic requests，he's a(n) __17__ child who is showing me the true meaning of life.
And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time，I welcome his differences __19__ I learn how to turn negative requests into __20__ ones.
1．A.buying B．donating
C．lighting D．drawing
2．A.celebrate B．present
C．send D．play
3．A.at B．for
C．in D．from
4．A.ate B．threw
C．liked D．drank
5．A.held up B．gave in
C．handed in D．kept up
6．A.made B．became
C．found D．designed
7．A.build B．buy
C．use D．watch
8．A.rely on B．learn from
C．agree to D．dream about
9．A.calm B．happy
C．selfish D．upset
10．A.telling B．warning
C．promising D．accusing
11．ys B．hangs
C．waits D．burns
12．A.tired B．proud
C．afraid D．lack
13．A.nodded B．slept
C．insisted D．failed
14．A.mind B．sight
C．control D．place
15．A.wonderful B．dangerous
C．interesting D．challenging
16．A.run out B．break down
C．work out D．put down
17．A.strange B．amazing
C．bad D．energetic
18．A.candles B．lamps
C．torches D．lanterns
19．A.when B．as
C．unless D．until
20．A.relative B．possible
C．reasonable D．positive
【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者一家过光明节的传统、变化及作者的应对策略和反思。

【核心词汇】greed n．贪婪materialism n．物质主义miracle n．奇迹
1．C 根据下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__approaching the time”可知，此处指点蜡烛。

2．A 根据上文的“Hanu kkah(光明节)”可推知，节日是用来庆祝的。

3．B 根据语境“less than$10 each，or even$1 each(at the dollar store)”可推知，此处表示东西的价格，故用介词for。

4．C 结合语境“My children didn't ask for anything much in particular”可推知，孩子们并不挑剔，很喜欢拿到的礼物。

5．D 结合下文的转折“But this year, Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“M y special­needs son”可推知，作者保持那个传统很多年。

6．B 根据转折“But this year，Hanukkah __6__ something else”和“My
special­needs son”可推知，今年有些不同，有了新变化。

7．A 根据语境“and it was up to me to buy all the parts of it”可推知，儿子要组建一台电脑，要作者去买零配件。

8．C 根据下文的“And when it became clear that it wa sn't going to happen, he got __9__ ”可推知，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子就有了其他更多的要求。

agree to“同意”。

9．D 很明显，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子感到难过。

upset“难过”。

10．A 很明显，作者在不断地给儿子讲道理，说明节日的意义。

11．D 根据下文的“And as we enter a new year and light the __18__ approaching the time”可推知，D项burn“燃烧，发亮”符合语境。

12．B 固定搭配be proud of意为“以……为傲，为……而自豪”，符合语境。

13．C 根据下文的“I know deep down that his obsessions(迷恋的物)are out of his __14__ ，and definitely out of mine”可推知，儿子不为所动，坚持自己的要求。

14．C 根据“obsessions(迷恋的物)”可推知，儿子陷入迷恋的事物之中，已经失控。

out of control“失控”。

15．D 很明显，作者应对有特殊需求的儿子有些棘手。

chal lenging “挑战性的”。

16．C 根据“the way I hope”可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那样发展。

work out“成功地发展”。

17．B 根据语境“who is showing me the true meaning of life”可推知，此处的语气表示肯定、赞赏，故选B。

amazing“了不起的”。

18．A 根据上文的“I liked the idea of __1__ a candle every night”可知，节日期间作者一家点蜡烛庆祝。

19．B 根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的因果关系，故选B。

as“因为”。

20．D 与语境中的“negative”形成对比可知，此处表示把负面要求变成积极要求。

positive“积极的”。

四、单句改错
1．We finally reached what the temple stood.
_____________________________________________________
答案：what→where本句中的stood意为“(某物)处于某一位置”，故应用关系副词where连接宾语从句。

2．The telephone is ringing. Answer it to see whoever is calling.
_____________________________________________________
答案：whoever→who whoever “无论谁”，可引导主语从句或让步状语从句，不可引导宾语从句。

本句中，应用作主语，且表示“谁”的关系代词who连接宾语从句，故改whoever 为who。

3．After the traffic accident happened, the police were at the scene at once.
_____________________________________________________
答案：第一个at→on on the scene “在现场”。

4．After the rain stopped, they went ahead their work of digging up the street.
_____________________________________________________
答案：ahead后加with go ahead with sth. “(停留一段时间后)继续做某事”。

5．I know it's dangerous to go there without a map, but I'll take an chance.
_____________________________________________________
答案：an→a take a chance “冒险”。

五、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

(2018·湖北四地七校联考)
It's nice being nice to others；it's also great to give people a hand.However，if you start to hurt yourself by doing so，then this is not so healthy.__1__ If you fear that you might fall into this category，the following tips will help you to stand up for yourself and regain your self­confidence.
__2__
Although you may often stay silent if something is wrong or bothers you，it is better to speak your mind right away.You don't have to be rude，but you do have to be firm and direct.Don't do things for others if you don't really want to.Speak up, and soon others will be seeing you in a whole new light.
Start small.
__3__ This will allow you to practice being brave and self­confident.Tell a person who has cut in line in front of you to move to the back of the line，or tell a salesperson to do that.Before long，you will be confident enough to stand up to your friends and family members.
Judge well.
When dealing with others，you have to exercise good judgment.__4__ If a colleague isn't doing his part，you should rightfully demand that he start doing so.However，if a taxi cuts you off in traffic，just let it go.
__5__ Rome wasn't built in a day.If you want to get back again after having been a pushover(耳软心活的人)，it's best to take one step at a time.
A．Express yourself.
B．Regain your confidence.
C．Start by speaking up for yourself with strangers.
D．Everyone has the right to live without being judged.
E．If you slip back into the pushover mode every once in a while，don't blame yourself.
F．Sadly，some people are so easily pushed around that they come to be seen as pushovers.
G．It's one thing to be confident，but quite another to forcefully say no to an unreasonable request.
【解题导语】本文主要介绍了三个避免成为一个耳软心活的人的技巧。

1．F 首先，由空前的“However”一词可知，本段第二句与第一句之间为转折关系；其次，由语境可知，空处承接上文，空后的“this category”指代空处所讲的情况，F项
“遗憾的是，一些人很容易被摆布，以至于被看做是耳软心活的人”与之匹配，所以选F 项。

2．A 空处是本段小标题。

根据下文中的“speak your mind right away”和“Speak up”可知，本段主要是说要表达自己的观点，故A项与此处匹配。

3．C 根据本段小标题Start small可知，本段主要讲的是从小事做起。

根据空后的“a person who has cut in line in front of you”和“a salesperson”可知，叙述的内容与“strangers”有关，故选项C“从同陌生人表达自己(的观点)开始”与此处匹配。

4．G 根据本段小标题和空前的“exercise good judgment”可知，本段主要讲的是正确的判断是重要的。

再根据空后两句可知，面对两种不同的情况应有的反应是不同的，判断是一回事，实践又是另一回事。

故G项符合语境。

5．E 根据空后的“Rome wasn't built in a day”可知，罗马不是一日建成的即要一步一步来，所以E项“如果你又一次陷入了耳软心活的模式中，不要责备自己”与此处匹配。