牛津译林版8B Unit2 现在完成时延续性动词

• 用法 2：表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续
到现在甚至将来
• • • • He has taught here since 1993. He has taught here for about 20 years. Mike has studied in this school since last year. Mike has lived in that village for nearly ten years. Mike borrowed the books two days ago. Mike has kept the books for two days.
-When did you get to know Jack? -Two years ago. -Then you've known each other for more than two years. -That's right. 7.终止性动词的用法特征 1).终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可 用于现在完成时。如： The train has arrived.火车到了。 Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑 小组了吗？ 2).终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。 因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯 定式)。如：
with his family.

Daniel: Really? I (7)___________(not see) haven’t seen
him for some time. He (8)___________(not come) back hasn’t come yet. have gone Millie: He and his family (9)_________(go) to Shanghai to visit his grandparents. They will come back tomorrow morning.
√
× 4.He has bought a car since 2007 . 5. He has not bought any car since 2007 . √ 6. He has had a car since 2007 . √ 3、 for 和 since 的用法及区别 1. since 的四种用法 1).since + 过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日 期、钟点、 eg. 1990 , last month , half past six I have been here since 1990. 1990起，我一直在这儿。 2). since+ 一段时间+ago I have been here since five months ago. 自从五个月前，我已经在这儿了。
(1)他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2)他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here.
Step 一、现在完成时复习
用法1：现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的 或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点 是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的， 结果是现在存在的。
现在完成时谓语动词的构成： 助动词have/has (not) +V-ed（过去分词） Look! The blackboard is so clean now. He has cleaned the blackboard. (他已经擦过黑板了。) 这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。
2),终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短 暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生 后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy 等。 6、延续性动词的用法特征 1).延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态 可与表示“段时间”的状语连用。表示“段时间”的 短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。 如：I have learned English since I came here.自从 我来到这儿就学英语了。
______(visit) the famous Opera visited House in Sydney?
Millie: Yes, we (4)_________ have been (be) to the
Opera House. It was wonderful!
Look at the photos.
Step 二、 for 用法 1、当我们谈论一段时间时用for ,谈论过去时间点 用 since 1).Mr Dong has lived here for many years . 2).Mr Dong has lived here since he was born . 2、一些动词如come ,go, leave ,但它们在肯定句中 不能与for， since 连用。 1).He has left Beijing for a week . × 2). He has not left Beijing yet. √ 3). He has been away from Beijing for a week.
某人去了某人，现在仍然在那儿， 还没回来。 For example:
Millie and Amy have gone to the bookshop to buy some books on travelling. They will be back in an hour.
Daniel: (1)_____ ____(be) to Have you ever been Hongkong, Millie? have been Millie: No, but I (2)_________(be) to Australia with my parents. Daniel: Oh, that’s great! (3)_____ Have you
某人去过某地，现在已经回来了。
For example:
Eddie has been to South Hill many times. It is very nice and he wants to go there again.
We use ‘have (has) gone’ to express the idea that someone went to some place and is still there.
I have been in Beijing for one year。 We have learnt English for about three years. I have been here for 3 days. (对) I have arrived here for 3 days.（误） 5、延续性动词和终止性动词 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过 程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 1),延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可 以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等
2),延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“点时 间”状语连用。如： It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时 间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词 表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可 改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
小试身手
选用have been to或have gone to的适当形式填空。 1.My father has gone to Beijing. He will be back in two days. 2.The Greens have been to the USA twice. 3.A:Where is your aunt now?I haven’t seen her for a long time. B:She has gone to Xiamen. Have you ever ___________ been to 4. ______ Hong Kong Disneyland? 5.A: Has Tom gone to Nanjing? B:Yes. He hasn’t come back yet.
We have learnt English _____ for 3 years. ______ since 3 years ago. came since we _______(come)here _____ _______________________
How long have you learnt English? for + 一段时间 since + 过去的时间点/句子 就画线提问用how long
Daniel: Wow! The Opera House is really
wonderful, and you look great in
the photos. Have you visited any
other interesting places?
Millie: We (5)_________(be) to the have been beach. Look at this one. Isn’t it beautiful? Daniel: Yes, the beach is very beautiful. I saw Andy there, too. Millie: Yes. He (6)_________(go) there went
8BUnit 2 Grammar 2
Present perfect tense—since and for
The Great Wall
I have been to ________. We have been in _____ for five days.
We use ‘have (has) been ’ to express the idea that someone went to some place and has already come back.
3).since+从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. 自从你走后，已经发生了很大的变化。 4).It is +一段时间+since 从句 It is two years since I became an English teacher. 我成为英语老师有两年了。 4、for 和 since 区别 1),Since +时间点，具体时间，“ 自从、、、以来， 从、、、以后”,用来说明动作起始时间 I have been in Beijing since 2010. 2),For + 时间段 ，用来说明动作延续时间长度 ， 因此句中的谓语动词，也应该是延续性动词。