2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：43

2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.
问题1选项
A.demanded
B.elicited
C.expedited
D.defied
【答案】D
【解析】句意：查尔斯顿附近的萨姆特堡遭袭激起了北方的强烈反应，导致了美国内战。

provoked意为“激起，挑衅”。

demanded强烈要求，需要；elicited抽出，引出；expedited加快，促进，发出；defied 藐视，反抗，挑衅。

选项D与之意思相近。

2.
翻译题
1.Libraries other than those listed above require additional registration before you can access their collections.
2.In the past, he used to tell us of his expeditions through the woods and fields round his home, and how he explored the solitary brooks and ponds; and then he described the curious animals and birds he saw.
3.七月份中国消费物价指数与去年同期比下降了 0.9%, 而六月份该指数下降了 0.8%。

【答案】1.除了上面列举的图书馆外，使用其他图书馆的藏书，你还需要另行注册。

2.以前他时常对我说关于他在他家周围的森林和原野中探险的事，以及他怎样找到一些偏僻的溪流和池塘的情形，然后他会描述他所见到的珍禽异兽。

3.China's consumer price index in July dropped by 0.9 percent compared with that of the same period in last year and the index fell 0.8% in June.
3.
单选题
The cost of making the programs was shared by a consortium of six public television stations. 问题1选项
A.conformation
B.association
C.patchwork
bine
【答案】B
【解析】句意：制作这些节目的成本由六家公共电视台共同承担。

consortium意为“联合，合伙”。

conformation 构造，一致，符合；association协会，联盟，联合；patchwork 拼缝物，混杂物；combine 联合企业。

选项B与之意思最为相近。

4.
单选题
It has been widely accepted that the size of the universe （）our imagination.
问题1选项
A.transforms
B.transfers
C.transpires
D.transcends
【答案】D
【解析】transform改变，转化； transfer转移，移交；transpire蒸发，泄露；transcend胜过，超越。

句意：人们普遍认为宇宙的大小超出了我们的想象。

选项D符合句意。

5.
单选题
Scientists should have choice as to what areas they explore, and certainly have the ethical right and obligations as （）to influence what use is made of their discoveries.
问题1选项
A.anthropologists
B.philanthropists
C.archaeologists
D.humanists
【答案】D
【解析】anthropologist 人类学家；philanthropist 慈善家；archaeologist考古学家；humanist 人道主义者。

句意：科学家应该选择他们所探索的领域，他们当然也有像人道主义者一样的道德权利和义务来影响他们的发现的用途。

选项D符合语境。

6.
单选题
All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read （）letters from their families. 问题1选项
A.sentimental
B.affectionate
C.intimate
D.sensitive
【答案】B
【解析】sentimental 伤感的，多愁善感的；affectionate 深情的，充满爱的；intimate 亲密的，精通的；sensitive 敏感的，易受伤害的。

句意：所有的海上石油探测者读到家人写的充满爱的信时，都会情绪高涨。

选项B符合语境。

7.
单选题
He gave her a long and insolent stare.
问题1选项
A.unblinking
B.sly
C.affectionate
D.insulting
【答案】D
【解析】insolent意为无礼的，傲慢的。

unblinking 坚定的，不动摇的；sly狡猾的，淘气的；affectionate 深情的，充满爱的；insulting 侮辱的，无礼的。

选项D与之意思相近。

8.
单选题
The lawyer browbeat the witness into confessing he had seen the crime committed.
问题1选项
A.talked
B.forced
C.caressed
D.intimidated
【答案】D
【解析】句意：律师恫吓证人承认他目睹了犯罪。

browbeat意为恫吓，吓唬。

只有选项D与之意思相近。

9.
单选题
Not again! This is the third time that I （）my keys since I（）home this morning. 问题1选项
A.am losing / was leaving
B.had lost / left
C.lose / had left
D.have lost /left
【答案】D
【解析】It\This is\was the first/second... time that...，that从句的时态根据前面的is或was 来定，是is时用现在完成时，was则用过去完成时，所以选项D正确。

10.
单选题
The kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, in my way to work these mornings. They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape. These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be in "self care".
Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.
The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out.
“We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and realities of family life.” says Dr. Ernest Boyer, head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.
Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable. “School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been.”
His is not popular idea. Schools are routinely burdened with the job of solving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our work and family lives?
In may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the complaints and studies about our kids' lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesn't produce a well-educated child, learning takes time and more learning takes more time. The long summers of forgetting take a toll.
The opposition to a longer school year comes from families that want to and can provide other experiences for their children. It comes from teachers. It comes from tradition. And surely from kids. But the most important part of the conflict has been over the money.
1.Which of the following is an opinion of the author's?
2.The current American school calendar was developed in the 19th century according to （）.
3.The author thinks that the current school calendar
（）.
4.Why was Dr. Boyer's idea unpopular?
5.The main purpose of the passage is（）.
问题1选项
A.“The kids are hanging out.”
B.“They are school children without school.”
C.“These kids are not old enough for jobs.”
D.“The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago.”
问题2选项
A.the growing season on nation's farm
B.the labor demands of the industrial age
C.teachers' demands for more vacation time
D.parents' demands for other experiences for their kids
问题3选项
A.is still valid
B.is out of date
C.cannot be revised
D.cannot be defended
问题4选项
A.He argues for the role of school in solving social problems
B.He supports the current school calendar
C.He thinks that school year and family life should be considered separately
D.He strongly believes in the educational role of school
问题5选项
A.to describe how American children spend their summer
B.to explain the needs of the modern working families
C.to discuss the problems of the current school calendar
D.to persuade parents to stay at home to look after their kids
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:C
【解析】1.观点态度题。

根据第一段的描述可知，作者主要想表达的是孩子们上学的时间太短，很多时间都在外面闲逛。

所以选项A是作者的观点，其他选项都是事实。

2.细节事实题。

根据第二段三四句“In 19th-century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year. In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season.”在19世纪的城市，学校每天开放7到8小时，一年11个月。

在美国农村，一年是围绕着（农作物）生长季节来安排的。

选项A符合原文。

3.推理判断题。

根据第二段“Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model,”现在，只有3%的家庭遵循农业模式。

由此可知，作者认为现有的上学时间安排已经不适用于现在的情况，也就是已经过时了，所以选项 B正确。

4.推理判断题。

根据倒数第三段的内容，他(Dr. Boyer)的想法不受欢迎。

学校通常肩负着解决我们所有社会问题的重担。

它们能满足我们工作和家庭生活的需要吗？由此可知，Dr. Boyer的想法不受欢迎的原因是他坚信学校的教育作用，选项D符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。

结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是当前上学时间安排存在的问题。

选项C最能概括全文。

11.
单选题
In early 19th century America, care for the mentally ill was almost non-existent: the afflicted were usually relegated to prisons, almshouses, or inadequate supervision by families. Treatment, if provided, paralleled other medical treatments of the time, including bloodletting and purgatives. However, in a wave of concern for the oppressed, some took action. Among these, Dorothea Dix was the leading crusader for the establishment of state-
supported mental asylums. Through her efforts, the first state hospitals for the insane were
built in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. She and other reformers sought humane, individualized care, with the rich and the poor housed together to insure high standards for all. The movement was generated by social reform, but throughout the century, mental illness was probed and analyzed, and “cures” prescribed by both the scientific and lay communities. “Moral treatment” was the predominating philosophy to cure the insane.
This system was developed in late 18th century Europe, and by Benjamin Rush in the United States. It challenged the demonic explanations for insanity and emphasized the role of environment in determining character: improper external conditions could induce derangement. The “moral treatment” system was optimistic that an appropriate environment could facilitate cure, especially for those with acute (not chronic) afflictions. Essential to this theory was a physiological basis/for mental disorder: insanity was caused by brain damage. The brain's surface was soft and malleable and physically altered by outward influence. This idea was closely related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain. The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated. To find physical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies performed on mental patients to discover lesions or other abnormalities. Although progress was made in the diagnosis of somatic diseases like tumors syphilitic derangement, these efforts were frustrating and subjective. Also controversial was the fate of the chronically versus acutely ill: the differences between them, whether they should be housed together, and whether the chronically ill should be treated at all.
1.What is the passage mainly about?
2.According to paragraph 1, the movement to establish state-supported mental asylums was motivated by concern for （）.
3.It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used in “moral treatment” were （）.
4.According to the passage, phrenology was
（）.
5.Autopsies were performed on mental patients（）.
问题1选项
A.Care of the mentally ill
B.The influence of “moral treatment”
C.The influence of Dorothea Dix and Benjamin Rush
D.Social and medical reform
问题2选项A.inadequate care by families
B.social reform
C.the effects of medical treatment
D.those who were not mentally ill
问题3选项
A.controversial
B.accepted
C.proven
D.dangerous
问题4选项
A.never very popular
B.a theory about determining a person's character
C.a cause of mental illness
D.a theory about a person's brain
问题5选项
A.to find evidence for moral treatment theory
B.for diagnosis of mental illness
C.as part of treatment
D.on acute rather than chronic patients
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:B
第3题:A
第4题:D
第5题:A
【解析】1.主旨大意题。

原文第一段首先指出早期的美国对精神病人的照顾是不存在的，接下来的段落则是探讨精神疾病的治疗方法。

由此可知，本文主要讲述的是对精神疾病的关注，所以选项A正确。

2.细节事实题。

根据原文第一段倒数第二句“The movement was generated by social reform...”这场运动是由社会改革引发的……所以选项B正确。

3.推理判断题。

根据最后一段第一句“The notion that mental illness resulted from physical impairment was rarely challenged, but the nature and treatment of ailments were continually debated.”精神疾病是由身体损伤引起的这一概念很少受到挑战，但对疾病的性质和治疗一直存在争议。

所以选项A正确。

4.推理判断题。

根据第二段最后一句“This idea was closely related to phrenology, which assigned specific faculties to sections of the brain.”这一想法与颅相学密切相关，颅相学将大脑分为各个不同的机制。

由此可知，颅相学是关于人类大脑的理论。

选项D符合原文。

5.细节事实题。

根据最后一段第二句“To find physical evidence for mental deficiencies, autopsies performed on mental patients to discover lesions or other abnormalities.”为了寻找精神缺陷身体上的证据，对精神病人进行尸检以发现病变或其他异常。

由此可知，对精神病人验尸是为精神治疗理论寻找证据。

选项A符合原文。

12.
单选题
The ties that bind us together in common activity are so （）that they can disappear at any moment.
问题1选项
A.trivial
B.fatal
C.tentative
D.feeble
【答案】D
【解析】trivial不重要的，琐碎的；fatal致命的，重大的，毁灭性的；tentative试验性的，暂定的；feeble无力的，薄弱的。

句意：把我们联系在一起从事共同活动的纽带是如此薄弱，以至于随时都可能消失。

选项D符合句意。

13.
单选题
He was shocked to discover that things dragged on well （）the two weeks he had anticipated.
问题1选项
A.from
B.for
C.away
D.beyond
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他吃惊地发现，事情拖长得远超过了他预期的两个星期。

选项D符合语境。

14.
单选题
Neon is an element which does not combine readily with any other element; because of this property, it is called an （）element.
问题1选项
A.expensive
B.adjacent
C.active
D.inactive
【答案】D
【解析】expensive 昂贵的；adjacent 邻近的；active 积极的，活跃的；inactive 不活跃的，怠惰的。

句意：氖是一种不易与其他元素化合的元素；由于这个属性，它被称为不活跃元素。

选项D符合句意。

15.
单选题
The use of robots and automated machinery has eliminated certain （）factory jobs.
问题1选项
A.thrilling
B.timid
C.enticing
D.tedious
【答案】D
【解析】thrilling 激动人心的；令人兴奋的；timid 胆小的，羞怯的；enticing 有吸引力的，诱人的；tedious 沉闷的，冗长乏味的。

句意：机器人和自动化机器的使用消除了某些单调乏味的工厂工作。

选项D符合句意。