2020年高考英语必考点全梳理专题11-简单句与并列句(精讲深剖)(含解析)

专题11 简单句与并列句——精讲深剖
一．单句语法填空
1.（2019全国II卷）I work not because I have to, ______ because I want to.”
【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。

根据句意逻辑可知，此处为转折关系，句意：我工作不是因为我不得不做，而是因为我想做。

此处用but与前文not 呼应，构成“不是…而是…”之意，故填but。

2．(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal________ (mean) me no real harm.
【答案】meant
【解析】考查简单句。

根据语境可知此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应该用一般过去时，故填meant。

3．(2017·全国Ⅱ卷)This included digging up the road, ________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top. 【答案】laying
【解析】laying和句中的digging up, building并列。

句意：这包括在公路上挖掘，铺设轨道，然后在顶部建造一个坚固的屋顶。

4．(2016·全国Ⅲ卷)Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs.
【答案】to create
【解析】考查简单句。

句意：熟练的工人还会把各种硬质木材和金属组合起来以创作独特的样式。

根据语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。

二．单句改错
1.（2019全国I卷）Suddenly a football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.
【答案】but改为and
【解析】考查连词。

句意：突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。

“足球落下来”与“打到我”两个动作是顺承关系，不是转折关系。

故将but改为and。

2.（2019全国II卷）When I studied chemistry at high school, I reconsidered mg goal or decided to be a doctor.
【答案】or改为and
【解析】考查连词。

句意：在高中学化学的时候，我重新考虑了自己的目标并决定变成一名医生。

“重新考虑”与“决定变成一名医生”之间是顺承关系，不是选择关系。

故将or改为and。

3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)When I was little, Friday night was our family game night ...Still I unwilling to play the games with them sometimes. ________________ 【答案】unwilling 前加was
【解析】考查简单句。

unwilling 是形容词，它和系动词一起构成“主系表”结构。

此处叙述“我”小时候的事情，主语是I ，所以用was 。

4．(2016·四川高考)Both Dad and I planned to do something on Mother's Day. We get up early in the morning. ________________ 【答案】get→got
【解析】考查简单句。

此处描述母亲节当天的事，根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时态。

2019高考考纲明确指出试题要不偏不倚、不奇不怪，考查英语核心基础知识和基本技能。

而简单句和并列句就是各种复杂句式基础。

只有学好了简单句和并列句，才能以不变应万变。

纵观仅仅的高考题，对简单句和并列句的考查贯穿于高考英语试卷的各个题型当中，尤其是语法填空和短文改错。

一．简单句
简单句就是由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。

简单句有五种基本句式，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式演变而来。

基本句型一：S ＋V (主＋谓)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。

这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

S V (不及物动词
)
1.Time flies.
2.The moon rose.
3.She sings beautifully.
4.They talked for half an hour.
5.He
walked yesterday.
[特别注意]
主语可有修饰语——定语，谓语可有修饰语——状语。

The red sun rises in the east.红色的太阳从东方升起。

基本句型二：S＋V＋O (主＋谓＋宾)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。

S V (及物动词) O (宾语)
1.Who knows the answer？
2.She laughs at her.
3.They ate some apples.
4.Danny likes swimming.
5.I want to have a cup of tea.
基本句型三：S＋V＋IO＋DO (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。

这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。

S V (及物) IO (多指人) DO (多指物)
1.She passed him a new dress.
2.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
3.I showed him my pictures.
4.I told him how to run the machine.
5.He showed me the bus over there.
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

S V (及物) O (宾语) C (宾补)
1.We keep the table clean.
2.What makes him sad？
3.We saw him out.
4.He asked me to come back soon.
5.I saw them getting on the bus.
基本句型五：S＋V＋P (主＋系＋表)
释义：此句型的句子有一个共同特点，句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。

S Linking-V (系动词) P (表语)
[知识拓展]6类系动词
(1)状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be (am, is, are, was, were)一词。

(2)持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。

(3)表象系动词，用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look。

(4)感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。

(5)变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。

(6)终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out。

二．并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。

在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。

[特别注意]when可用作并列连词，相当于and at this/that time，意为“正在这/那时；突然”，常用于下列句式：sb. be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when ... (某人正要做某事，突然……)；sb. be doing sth. when ... (某人正在做某事，突然……)；sb. had just done sth. when ... (某人刚做完某事，突然……)。

He was about to go out when the telephone rang.
他正要出去时，电话铃响了。

He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他刚写完一篇报告，老板就让他打印一封信件。

【考题印证】
1．(2016·四川高考)It was time for her to have a new baby, ________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
【答案】and
【解析】根据语境可知，“It was time for ...”和“it was also time for ...”之间是并列关系，故用and连接。

2．(2015·广东高考)One day, the cow was eating grass ________ it began to rain heavily.
【答案】when
【解析】be doing sth.when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”。

3．(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn't changed in a few days ________ even a few months.
【答案】or
【解析】“a few days”和“a few months”之间为并列关系，且此句为否定句，因此要用or连接。

4．(2014·广东高考)We were told that our rooms hadn't been reserved for that week, ________ for the week after.
【答案】but
【解析】not ...but ...为固定结构，表示“不是……而是……”。

单句改错
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed. ________________
【答案】but→and
【解析】根据语境可知，此处表示顺承关系，用并列连词and。

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. ________________
【答案】and→or
【解析】此处表示“他的或者她的”段落，应该属于一种选择关系，而不是并列关系。

3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank. ________________
【答案】so→but/yet
【解析】此处表示“我认为我已经明白了教练的指令，但是车一启动，脑子一片空白”。

根据语境可知，前后分
句之间不是因果关系而是转折关系。

4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years. ________________ 【答案】and→but
【解析】not only ...but also ...是固定短语，意为“不但……而且……”，连接并列成分。

5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.________________
【答案】or→and
【解析】根据语境可知，新鲜的蔬菜与高品质的油二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。

6．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can choose between staying at home and taking a trip.If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.________________
【答案】but→and
【解析】第二句句意：我们如果待在家里，会感觉舒适，还不花钱。

根据句意可知，“comfortable”与“no need to spend money”之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系。

语法填空解题“2策略”
1．分析单词、短语或句子的逻辑关系或句式结构
(1)完整的句子中，如果两个单词或短语并列，要填并列连词；
(2)若两个句子(两个主谓结构)之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空格处必定填连词。

【思路点拨】
1．“I didn't think of applying for Cambridge —I didn't think Cambridge University would take someone like me, my tutor encouraged me to apply，” Mr. Edwards said in a statement.
【答案】but
【解析】根据句意“爱德华兹在一份声明中说，“我没有想过申请剑桥-我不认为剑桥大学会录取像我这样的人，我的导师鼓励我申请。

”可知破折号后的前后句之间是转折关系。

故填but。

2．At school, some students are active some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
【答案】while
【解析】根据句意“在学校，有些学生很活跃，而有些害羞，但他们可以成为好朋友。

”可知考纲前后的句子表对比，需用表对比的并列连词，故填while。

3．The short road, the easy path the light load all lead to lower grades in school life.
【答案】and
【解析】根据句意“捷径，轻负载路径和简易路径都会导致学校生活中的等级降低。

”可知“The short road、the easy path 、the light load”三者之间是并列关系，故填and。

2．注意固定句式中的连词
【思路点拨】
4．Smile at life, it will shine on you.
【答案】and
【解析】本句用到了“祈使句+and+陈述句结构”，故填and。

5．We were walking side-by-side suddenly we both sank to knee depth in the mud.
【答案】when
【解析】本句中用到了“be doing sth…when…”结构，故填when。

句意：我们正肩并肩地走着，突然，我们都陷到了膝盖深的泥里。

6．Follow your doctor's advice, your cough will get worse.
【答案】or
【解析】本句考查了“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构，故填or。

句意：听从医生的建议，否则你的咳嗽会变得更糟。

短文改错解题“3视角”
1．根据句意、前后的逻辑关系去判断连词是否正确。

【思路点拨】
1．I waited patiently for some time, so nobody came for it.
【答案】so改为but
【解析】根据句意“我耐心地等了一段时间，但是没人来接。

”可知前后句之间是转折关系。

故把so改为but。

2．As a result, he won the game but finally became famous throughout the country. _
【答案】but改为and
【解析】根据句意“结果，他赢得了比赛，并且最终在全国成名。

”可知前后句之间是顺承关系，不是转折关系，故把but改为and。

3．My dear mum or dad, thank you very much for bringing me up.
【答案】or改为and
【解析】根据句意“我亲爱的妈妈爸爸，非常感谢你们把我养大。

”可知爸爸和妈妈是并列关系，不是选择关系，故把or改为and。

3．They give us lots of love and care, and we only care a little for them.
【答案】第二个and改为but/while
【解析】根据句意“他们给了我们很多的爱和关心，而我们只关心他们一点点。

”可知前后句之间是转折关系的连词，故把第二个and改为but/while。

4．Besides it's common that the young or middle-aged sit on the bus when the elderly have to stand.
【答案】when改为while
【解析】“此外,在公共汽车上年轻的人或中年人着，而老年人站着是很常见的。

”可知，前后句之间是并列对比关系，故把when改为while。

6．Faced with pressure, and we should learn to turn it into our motive power.
【答案】去掉and
【解析】逗号前面是短语不是句子，不需要连词。

故把and去掉。

句意：面对压力，我们应该学会把它变成我们的动力。

2．根据短语搭配和固定句式判断连词。

3．注意排查中式英语，如将although/though和but, because和so连用。

遇到此种情况，一般删除后面的but, so，以免影响一个句子的第一个单词首字母大写的原则。

【思路点拨】
7．Finally, keep in mind that there are many things that can't be learnt immediately, but never be frustrated when you fail in one or two exams.
【答案】but改为and
【解析】根据句意“最后，请记住，有许多事情是不能立即学会的，当你在一两次考试中不及格时，永远不要灰心丧气。

”可知前后句之间是顺成关系，故把but改为and。

8．My brother was trying to catch a butterfly while he fell into the river.
【答案】while改为when
【解析】本句考查“be doing sth when正在做某事，突然……”结构，故把while改为when。

句意：当我弟弟掉进河里时，他正试图捉到一只蝴蝶。

9．Due to some rich tourist attractions, every year many visitors come to my hometown, where they can not only appreciate the beautiful scenery, and also enjoy the delicious food.
【答案】and改为but
【解析】本句考查“not only …but also…”固定搭配，故把and改为but。

句意：由于一些丰富的旅游景点，每年都有许多游客来到我的家乡，在那里他们不仅可以欣赏美丽的风景，还可以享受美味的食物。

10．I was about to be off duty then three foreigners came in.
【答案】then改为when
【解析】本句考查“be about to…when…”固定句式
【思路点拨】
11．Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.
【答案】去掉but
【解析】英语中，“Though not very big”是Though the restaurant is not very big的省略，是though引导的让步状语从句，“the restaurant is popular in our area”是主句，故but多余。

12．Because life is beautiful so we should fully enjoy it.
【答案】去掉so
【解析】两个句子只需用一个连词来连接，又因为句首单词需用大写首字母，故去掉so。

一．单句语法填空
1．(2019·浙江宁波十校联考)White-collar workers in China are willing to postpone their retirement age
blue-collar workers prefer to retire early.
【答案】while
【解析】句意：在中国，白领愿意推迟退休年龄而蓝领则更希望早退休。

并列连词while在此表示对比。

2．(2019·哈尔滨三中模拟)For much of that time, she wanted to fly, never had the chance until now.
【答案】but
【解析】根据句意“大部分实际她想飞，但一直没有得到机会”可知前后为转折关系，故填but。

3．(2019·吉林百校联盟联考)As a visitor or guest in a Chinese home or restaurant, you will find that table manners are essential in our daily life!
【答案】either
【解析】根据空后的or可知，这里填either构成either...or... “……或者……”结构。

句意：作为一个游客或者客人，在中国人的家里或者餐馆里，你会发现餐桌礼仪在我们的日常生活中很有必要。

4．(2019·重庆巴蜀中学一模)The visitors had just left the museum they heard a bomb explode at the exit. 【答案】when
【解析】句意：这些游客刚离开博物馆就听到出口处传来炸弹爆炸的声音。

这里用had just done sth. when...句式表示“刚做完某事就……”。

5．(2019·湖南益阳、湘潭调研)However, it is reported that eating bad food for a long term not only makes us put on weight but can lead to other health problems such as diabetes, and that it can also affect our mental state result in depression.
【答案】and
【解析】根据句意“然而，据报道，长期吃不好的食物不仅会使我们发胖，还会导致其他健康问题，如糖尿病，而且还会影响我们的精神状态从而导致抑郁状态。

”可知“影响精神状况”与“导致抑郁”是顺承关系，故用并列连词and。

6．(2019·河北衡水中学一调)Whether I was in the car, the house, anywhere else, there was sure to be some Beatles, or Buddy Holly played in the background.
【答案】or
【解析】句意：无论我是在车里、在房间里，还是在其他任何地方，肯定会有甲壳虫乐队或者巴迪·霍利的背景音乐在播放。

the car, the house与anywhere else之间为选择关系，设空处表示“或者”，故填or。

7．(2019·北京东城区模拟)I am not afraid of tomorrow, I have seen yesterday and I love today.
【答案】for
【解析】句意：我不惧怕明天，因为我已经看到了昨天并热爱今天。

根据句意可知，前后两个分句之间为因果关系(前果后因)，故填起解释作用的并列连词for。

8．(2019·江苏泰州中学月考)Some passengers were walking through one of the big halls at the Airport
the whole roof fell down.
【答案】when
【解析】句意：一些乘客正步行穿过机场的其中一个大厅时，大厅的整个顶部突然全掉了下来。

be doing...when...为固定句型，意为“正在……这时突然……”。

9．(2019·重庆西北狼教育联盟联考)It was an extremely dark, lonely country road. Neither a single person any traffic was in sight at all.
【答案】nor
【解析】后句句意：既看不到一个人，也根本看不到一辆车。

neither...nor...为固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。

10．(2019·湖南六校联盟联考)Most importantly, though，remember the following old rule：try to eat different food, not too much.
【答案】but/yet
【解析】根据语境可知，此处指尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。

根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。

二．单句改错
1．(2019·云南11校区调研)All the way we appreciated the beautiful scenery and fresh air, so a few of us picked flowers while going sightseeing.
【答案】so→but
【解析】句意：一路上我们欣赏美丽的景色，但是有人摘花。

前后表示转折关系，故将so改为but。

2．(2019·江西新余模拟)All my friends were so excited to start their own lives, and I just wasn’t sure whether I was ready for that yet.
【答案】and→but
【解析】句意：我所有的朋友都为开始新的生活而激动，但是我却不知是否已做好了准备。

前后为转折关系，故将
and改为but。

3．(2019·牡丹江模拟)I hope my first model experience will be both enjoyable or unforgettable.
【答案】or→and
【解析】此处应是both...and...构成的并列关系。

4．(2019·合肥第一次质量检测)Although it was very difficult at first, but with the help of my teacher, I made rapid progress. Just as the old saying goes，“Where there is a will, there is a way.”
【答案】去掉but或将but改为yet
【解析】although意为“尽管”，不与but连用，因此删除but或将but改为yet。

5．(2019·广东广州增城区调研)It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination and in the journey itself.
【答案】and→but
【解析】句意：人们常说旅行的快乐不在于你到达了目的地而在于旅程本身。

not...but...“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分，符合句意。