高中英语Module3TheViolenceofNatureSectionⅠIntroduction

Flood A flood is a natural disaster as it is the death of human beings and animals. Crops are destroyed in the flood, which results in increased food prices due to food shortages. In a flood situation, drinking water becomes scarce because water is polluted. Due to this, many diseases can spread. Fire Fire is terrible especially forest fire. Forest fire is also known as wildfire. It is a natural disaster caused by a volcanic eruption⑤ or by human carelessness. Wildfire can threaten wildlife and the human habitation⑥ close to the forest.
the US, in the area from ⑥per prep.每
Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north.
⑦occur/ə'kɜː/vi.发生
occur 不用于被动语态和进行时态。
[原文呈现] Tornadoes can pick up⑧
[读文清障] ○23 hit v．袭击
什么是飓风？ [第 4～5 段译文]
飓风是强劲的热带风暴，它们通常发生在南大西洋、加勒比海 以及墨西哥湾。(飓风发生时)风速达每小时 120 千米或更快，引发 巨浪、暴雨和洪灾。每年平均有 6 次大西洋飓风，这些飓风通常会 影响从得克萨斯州到缅因州的美国东部海岸。
○25 where 引导的非限制性定 语从句，修饰 New York。 where 在从句中作地点状 语，可以转换成 in which。
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By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston, where he died ○26 in 1899, a year before the hurricane struck○27 .
⑲tropical/'trɒpɪkl/adj.热带的
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There are violent winds of 120 kilometres per hour or more⑳， which cause huge waves○21 ， heavy rain and floods○22 . There
①define vt. vi.
②hazard n. ③negative adj. ④characterize vt.
⑤volcanic eruption ⑥habitation n. ⑦crust n. ⑧collide vi.
[多积词汇] 规定；使明确 下定义 危险；危害 否定的；消极的 描述(人或物)的特性； 具有……的特征 火山喷发 居住；住宅，家 地壳；外壳 碰撞；相撞；冲突；抵触
Coghlan was buried ○30 词 the cemetery, where 在从句中 作地点状语。
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What Is a Hurricane? Hurricanes are strong tropical ⑲ storms, and they
usually occur in the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico.
Galveston ane.
饰 actor, who 在从句中作
Charles Coghlan was a 主语。
nineteenth-century Irish actor who went to live in Canada○24 . He then moved to New York, where he became famous ○25 .
US states 作状语，表结果。
什么是龙卷风？ [第 1～3 段译文] 龙卷风是指一个从空中的雷暴延伸到地面而生成的旋转气柱。 最强烈的龙卷风风速达到每小时 400 千米以上。几乎所有的龙卷风 都发生在美国，从东南部的得克萨斯州到北部的南达科他州。 龙卷风能卷起汽车、火车，甚至房子，把它们卷到邻近的街道 ——甚至邻近的城镇。它们(龙卷风)能拔掉猫背上的毛和鸡身上的羽 毛。它们能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。 平均起来，美国每年发生 800 次龙卷风，造成大约 80 人死亡、 1 500 人受伤。有史以来最严重的一场龙卷风发生在 1925 年，影响 了美国的三个州：密苏里州、伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州。等到风停 时，已有 700 人死亡，2 700 人受伤。
○26 where 引导的非限制性定语从句，修 饰 Galveston。
○27 strike/straɪk/vt.& n．(雷电、暴风雨 等)袭击 strike→struck→struck/stricken
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The cemetery○28
○29 where
○28 cemetery/'semətəri/n.墓地；公墓 ○29 where 引导的定语从句，修饰先行
cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street — or even in the next town. They can take the fur⑨ off⑩ the back of a cat and the feathers⑪ off a chicken. They
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⑧pick up 卷起；掀起 ⑨fur/fɜː/n.(动物的)毛皮 ⑩take off 去掉 ⑪feather/'feð ə/n.羽毛
⑫furniture/'fɜːnɪtʃə/n.家具
can destroy houses, but leave the furniture ⑫ inside exactly where it was⑬.
Section Ⅰ Introduction & Reading — Pre-reading
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What Is a Tornado①？ A tornado is a rotating②
①tornado/tɔː'neɪdəʊ/n.龙卷风
column③ of air from a ②rotating/rəʊ'teɪtɪŋ/adj.旋转的；循
⑬where it was 是 where 引导的地 点状语从句。
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On average⑭， there are ⑭on average 平均起来
800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing⑮ about 80 deaths
⑮cause/kɔːz/vt.引起；导致
and 1,500 injuries⑯. The worst ⑯causing about 80 deaths and
tornado of all time⑰ occurred in
1,500 injuries 是现在分词短
1925, affecting three US states⑱： 语作结果状语。
Missouri, Illinois and Indiana. ⑰of all time 有史以来，历史上
By the time it ended, more than (常与最高级连用)
700 people had been killed and ⑱现在分词短语 affecting three
2,700 had been injured.
thunderstorm④ to the 环的
ground. The most violent⑤ ③column/'kɒləm/n.柱状物；柱状体
have winds of more than 400 ④thunderstorm/'θʌndəˌstɔːm/n.雷暴
kilometres per⑥ hour. ⑤violent/'vaɪələnt/adj.猛烈的；激烈 Almost all of them occur⑦ in 的；强烈的
○21 wave/weɪv/n.波浪 wave v．挥手，招手
○22 flood/flʌd/n.洪水
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The worst hurricane disaster of all time occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston, Texas. Winds of 200 kilometres per hour and five-metre high waves hit○23 the city. The disaster killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and destroyed 3,600 buildings.
有史以来最强烈的飓风灾难于 1900 年 9 月 8 日发生在得克萨 斯州的加尔维斯顿。时速高达 200 千米的大风和 5 米高的巨浪袭击 了这座城市。37 000 人中有 6 000 人遇难，3 600 幢建筑物被摧毁。
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An Extraordinary Event This is a story about the 1900 ○24 who 引导的定语从句，修
Earthquake An earthquake occurs when the tectonic (地壳构造的) plates that form the upper crust⑦ of the earth collide⑧ or slide against each other. When the tectonic plates collide against each other, the stress is released. It is true that animals can sense earthquakes before they occur.
Four natural disasters A natural disaster is defined① as a natural hazard②， which has a negative③ effect on human beings. Given below are some of the very important natural disasters. Blizzard (暴风雪) A severe winter storm is known as a blizzard. Strong winds, heavy snowfall and low temperatures characterize④ a blizzard. A blizzard that occurred in1888 killed over 400 people in the northeastern States. This blizzard is known Great Blizzard of 1888.
⑳which cause huge waves, heavy rain and floods 是 which 引导的非 限制性定语从句，修饰 winds。
are on average six Atlantic hurricanes each year and they usually affect the east coast of the US from Texas to Maine.