电动汽车应用前景(外文翻译)
汽车产业的发展趋势高中生英语作文
汽车产业的发展趋势高中生英语作文The Development Trends of the Automobile IndustryThe automobile industry is a vital sector in the global economy, and it continues to evolve rapidly due to technological advancements, changing consumer preferences, and environmental concerns.In recent years, several trends have emerged that are shaping the future of the automobile industry.Firstly, the rise of electric vehicles (EVs) is a significant trend in the automobile industry.As concerns about climate change and environmental pollution grow, governments around the world are offering incentives to promote the adoption of EVs.Additionally, improvements in battery technology have made EVs more affordable and convenient for consumers.This shift towards electric mobility is expected to accelerate in the coming years, with many major automakers investing heavily in EV research and development.Secondly, autonomous driving technology is another trend that is revolutionizing the automobile industry.Self-driving cars have the potential to transform transportation by reducing accidents, improving traffic flow, and providing mobility for underserved panies like Tesla, Google, and Uber are leading the charge in developing autonomous driving technology, and we can expect to see more advancements in this area in the near future.Thirdly, the sharing economy is also impacting the automobile industry.Services like car-sharing and ride-hailing have gained popularity, challenging the traditional model of car ownership.This trend is particularly prevalent in urban areas where traffic congestion and parking constraints make car ownership less appealing.Automakers are responding to this shift by developing vehicles that are better suited for shared mobility, such as smaller, more efficient cars.Fourthly, connectivity is another important trend in the automobile industry.With the advent of the internet of things (IoT), cars are becoming increasingly connected, allowing for real-time data exchange and providing opportunities for new services and business models.This connectivity trend is expected to continue as automakers partner with technology companies to integrate advanced features like autonomous driving, remote diagnostics, and personalized entertainment into vehicles.In conclusion, the automobile industry is undergoing significant changes, and the trends mentioned above are just a few examples of the transformations taking place.As technology continues to advance, it will be interesting to see how the automobile industry adapts and evolves to meet the needs and preferences of consumers in the future.。
电动汽车相关课题外文资料翻译
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系（院）：电子与电气工程学院专业：电气工程及其自动化姓名：学号：外文出处：2007 HERE COME THE... CLEANER,GREENER CARS附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文2007年来了...清洁，环保汽车一个全新的领域，在柴油发动机上使用电气混合燃料电池。
这个说法是针对混合动力汽车：美国人爱他们，不过只是猜测。
一些环保人士一直在疑惑，有没有更大的混合电池组，能不能够直接插在墙上进行充电，能不能提供动力让你开车去上班，电力与小型燃气发动机使其变为可能。
这个概念最初是一个环保主义者的梦想，是来自的费利克斯克莱默，他推动了公用事业支持插件的合作。
但现在电动汽车走向市场,就像其他高科技绿色汽车当年发展的情况一样。
清洁汽车新的一天清洁和环保汽车技术正在蒸蒸日上。
可充电混合动力车,在工业发展上展现了比1900年的黄金岁月高很多的研究和开发热情。
当汽油、蒸汽、电动车在市场上进行竞争，许多公司如通用汽车、还在嘲弄像罗杰和我这样的人,是谁扼杀了电动汽车的发展?事实上,美国通用汽车公司是第一个成功制造出了可充电混合动力车的公司,他们使用了一个有趣的新方法。
他们正在研发一种全新的推进系统,在最近的底特律车展上展示,那就是雪佛兰伏特。
随着seesawing对未来石油和汽油价格的不确定性，美国人终于将注意力集中在寻找燃油经济性车辆和展望他们的下一个大型多功能运动型车。
一个由具有很大影响力的公司JD Power and Associates去年夏天对消费者的调查发现，让人吃惊的是有57%的受访者会考虑购买他们的下一个混合动力汽车，有49%的购车者会考虑E85乙醇动力汽车。
另一项由Frost＆Sullivan的调查发现约有80%的人更关注较一年前的燃油价格。
几乎有一半的人说，如果燃油价格持续上涨的话他们会考虑购买更省油的汽车或混合动力汽车。
而从居住在美国的市民的调查中发现，有五分之一的让人印象深刻的说道，他们也开始使用替代交通工具：诸如自行车，步行，公共交通和电动汽车等等。
轮毂式电动汽车驱动系统外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
轮毂式电动汽车驱动系统外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译The wheel type electric car is a type of electric car thatutilizes a driving system。
There are two main forms of this system: the direct driving type ___。
This system is installed on the wheel hub of the motor。
___。
n。
main cer。
___。
it allows for the ___。
making electric control technology possible。
As a result。
the wheel type electric car is expected to e the ___ electric cars.2.Advantages and disadvantagesThe wheel type electric car has many advantages。
First。
it has a simple and compact structure。
Second。
it has high n efficiency。
which improves the overall performance of the car。
Third。
it has good ___。
it has a low noise level。
However。
there are also some disadvantages。
First。
the cost of the wheel type electric car is relatively high。
Second。
the maintenance costis also high。
Third。
the wheel type electric car has ___.The wheel type electric car has a simple and compact structure。
新能源汽车外文文献翻译
文献出处：Moriarty P, Honnery D. The prospects for global green car mobility[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2008, 16(16): 1717-1726.原文The prospects for global green car mobilityPatrick Moriarty, Damon HonneryAbstractThe quest for green car mobility faces two major challenges: air pollution from exhaust emissions and global climate change from greenhouse gas emissions. Vehicle air pollution emissions are being successfully tackled in many countries by technical solutions such as low-sulphur fuels, unleaded petrol and three-way catalytic converters. Many researchers advocate a similar approach for overcoming transport's climate change impacts. This study argues that finding a technical solution for this problem is not possible. Instead, the world will have to move to an alternative surface transport system involving far lower levels of motorised travel.Keywords：Green mobility; Fuel efficiency; Alternative fuels; Global climate change; air pollution1. IntroductionProvision of environmentally sustainable (or green) private transport throughout the world faces two main challenges. The first is urban and even regional air pollution, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of the industrialising world. The second is global climate change, caused mainly by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. These two barriers to green car mobility differ in several important ways. First, road traffic air pollution problems are more localised, because of the short atmospheric lifetimes of most vehicle pollutants and . Thus regional solutions are often not only possible, but also essential – Australian cities, for example, can (and must) solve their air pollution problems themselves. Matters are very different for global climate change. Except possibly for geo-engineering measuressuch as placing large quantities of sulphate aerosols in the lower stratosphere or erecting huge reflecting mirrors in space, one country cannot solve this problem alone. Climate change is a global problem. Nevertheless, it is possible for some countries to ‘freeload’ if the majority of nations that are important GHG emitter。
电动汽车外文资料翻译
Abstract:This paper describes the development of electric car environmental protection and low pollution, safety, economic development prospects and countermeasures.Key words:electric vehicle technology; energy crisis; Intelligent electronic technology；Development prospectAs the world energy crisis, and the war and the energy consumption of oil -- and are full of energy, in one day, someday it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not in resources. So in oil consumption must be clean before finding a replacement. With the development of science and technology the progress of the society, people invented the electric car. Electric cars will become the most ideal of transportation.First, the chapter of electric vehicle development1, development of electronic control technologyIn the development of world each aspect is fruitful, especially with the automobile electronic technology and computer and rapid development of the information age. The electronic control technology in the car on a wide range of applications, the application of the electronic device, cars, and electronic technology not only to improve and enhance the quality and the traditional automobile electrical performance, but also improve the automobile fuel economy, performance, reliability and emissions purification. Widely used in automobile electronic products not only reduces the cost and reduce the complexity of the maintenance. From the fuel injection engine ignition devices, air control and emission control and fault diagnosis to the body auxiliary devices are generally used in electronic control technology, auto development mainly electromechanical integration. Widely used in automotive electronic control ignition system mainly electronic control fuel injection system, electronic control ignition system, electronic control automatic transmission, electronic control (ABS/ASR) control system, electronic control suspension system, electronic control power steering system, vehicle dynamic control system, the airbag systems, active belt system, electronic control system and the automatic air-conditioning and GPS navigation system etc. With the system response, the usefunction of quick car, high reliability, guarantees of engine power and reduce fuel consumption and emission regulations meet standards.2, The modern development of automobileThe car is essential to modern traffic tools. And electric cars bring us infinite joy will give us the physical and mental relaxation. Take for example, automatic transmission in road, can not on the clutch, can achieve automatic shift and engine flameout, not so effective improve the driving convenience lighten the fatigue strength. Automatic transmission consists mainly of hydraulic torque converter, gear transmission, pump, hydraulic control system, electronic control system and oil cooling system, etc. The electronic control of suspension is mainly used to cushion the impact of the body and the road to reduce vibration that car getting smooth-going and stability. When the vehicle in the car when the road uneven road can according to automatically adjust the height. When the car ratio of height, low set to gas or oil cylinder filling or oil. If is opposite, gas or diarrhea. To ensure and improve the level of driving cars driving stability. Variable force power steering system can significantly change the driver for the work efficiency and the state, so widely used in electric cars. VDC to vehicle performance has important function it can according to the need of active braking to change the wheels of the car, car motions of state and optimum control performance, and increased automobile adhesion, controlling and stability. Besides these, appear beyond 4WS 4WD electric cars can greatly improve the performance of the value and ascending simultaneously. ABS braking distance is reduced and can keep turning skills effectively improve the stability of the directions simultaneously reduce tyre wear. The airbag appear in large programs protected the driver and passenger's safety, and greatly reduce automobile in collision of drivers and passengers in the buffer, to protect the safety of life.The second chapter electric cars on the environment influence and electronic technology:1, reduce pollution: of course battery electric vehicle is the key, the electric car battery mainly has: the use of lead-acid batteries, nickel cadmium battery, the battery, sodium sulfide sodium sulfide lithium battery, the battery, the battery, the flywheelzinc - air fuel cell and solar battery, the battery. In many kind of cells, the fuel cell is by far the most want to solve the problem of energy shortage car. Fuel cells have high pollution characteristics, different from other battery, the battery, need not only external constantly supply of fuel and electricity can continuously steadily. Fuel cell vehicles (FCEV) can be matched with the car engine performance and fuel economy and emission in the aspects of superior internal-combustion vehicles.2, Intelligent electronic technology functionsIntelligent electronic technology in the bus to promote safe driving and that the other functions. The realization of automatic driving through various sensors. Except some smart cars equipped with multiple outside sensors can fully perception of information and traffic facilities and to judge whether the vehicles and drivers in danger, has the independent pathfinding, navigation, avoid bump, no parking fees etc. Function. Effectively improve the safe transport of manipulation, reduce the pilot fatigue, improve passenger comfort.Third, Electric vehicle development prospectElectric vehicles have a development prospect:Along with the computer and electronic product constantly upgrading electric car, open class in mature technology and perfected, that drive more safe, convenient and flexible, comfortable. Now, the electric car from ordinary consumers distance is still very far away, only a few people in bandwagon. Electric cars with traditional to compete in the market, the carWill was electric cars and intelligent car replaced. This is the question that day after timing will come. ABS, GPS, and various new 4WD 4WS, electronic products and the modern era, excellent performance auto tacit understanding is tie-in, bring us unparalleled precision driving comfort and safety of driving.China the development of electric vehicles has a unique advantage. Among them, is a very important factor in the market. China has a large population, has the world's largest passenger transport market, it also has the world's largest electric sightseeing cars, electric cars for the Chinese market, the electric vehicle technology development to create a special market advantage.As a result of the industry, the industry link to follow, as many enterprises have sprung up, plastic factory, carriage factory, battery factory, electric factory, electronics factory, paint factory, tire factory and so on supporting industries such as bamboo shoots after a spring rain like appearance, industry staffing needs a lot of labor intensive talent, such as the industrial workers ( production line ), R & D department, supporting the Department, purchasing department, marketing department, administration department and other departments to emerge as the times require to bring a lot of staff shortage, personnel quality is not high, be badly in need of high-quality, highly educated professionals infuse, need to bring new ideas, the enterprise inside the industry innumerable, needs a lot of talent, so the electric vehicle industry employment prospects are very optimistic.Electric car industry required：But at the same time, due to the lack of industry standards and industryself-discipline, electric vehicle industry is in a state of blind development. Hand out thousands of manufacturers, but the lack of a strong brand and technology innovation; on the other hand free to increase body weight and speed, electric vehicle traffic accidents lead to substantially increase, triggering multiple city have imposed a ban on electric car start off policy restrictions. Therefore, it is the electric vehicle industry development of a bottleneck stage. A prediction that market will eventually keep about twenty or so of the brand, and was forced to the overseas industry transfer. How to deal with future trends, there are now many people put forward a variety of plan. But most important, I think that depends on three factors. Respectively: environmental protection, safety and needs to.译文摘要:本文阐述了发展电动汽车的环保低污染性、安全性、经济性的发展前景及对策。
国外关于新能源汽车的文献
国外关于新能源汽车的文献
1.'TheFutureofElectricVehicles:OpportunitiesandChallenges'(英国)-这篇文献讨论了电动汽车的未来发展趋势、机遇和挑战，探讨了政策、技术和市场等方面的影响因素。
2. 'Electric Vehicle Policies and Market Development in China' (中国) - 这篇文献主要介绍了中国的新能源汽车政策和市场发展情况，分析了政策实施效果和未来发展趋势。
3. 'The Impact of Electric Vehicles on the Power Grid' (美国) - 这篇文献探讨了电动汽车对电网的影响，包括充电需求、电网负荷和能源管理等方面的问题。
4. 'Battery Technology for Electric Vehicles' (日本) - 这篇文献介绍了电动汽车用电池技术的发展历程，讨论了不同类型电池的优缺点和应用范围。
5. 'The Economics of Electric Vehicles' (德国) - 这篇文献分析了电动汽车的经济学特征，包括成本结构、市场需求和政策支持等方面的因素。
6. 'The Role of Renewable Energy in Electric Vehicle Charging' (丹麦) - 这篇文献讨论了可再生能源在电动汽车充电方面的应用和前景，探讨了能源转型和环保需求等方面的关联。
- 1 -。
未来汽车发展趋势英语作文
未来汽车发展趋势英语作文Title: Future Trends in the Automotive IndustryIntroduction:The automotive industry is undergoing a significant transformation, driven by technological advancements, changing consumer preferences, and environmental concerns. This essay explores the future trends that are expected to shape the industry in the coming years.1. Electrification:The shift towards electric vehicles (EVs) is gaining momentum as governments worldwide aim to reduce carbon emissions. Battery technology is improving, offering longer ranges and shorter charging times. This trend is likely to continue, with EVs becoming the primary choice for environmentally conscious consumers.2. Autonomous Driving:Self-driving technology is poised to revolutionize the automotive industry. Companies are investing heavily in research and development to achieve full autonomy. Driver-assistance systems, such as adaptive cruise control and lane-keeping assist, are already becoming standard features. The future will see a gradual transition to fully autonomous vehicles, improving safety and efficiency on the roads.3. Connectivity:Connectivity is another significant trend, with vehicles becomingincreasingly integrated with the internet and other devices. This enables features like real-time traffic updates, remote diagnostics, and personalized in-car experiences. As the Internet of Things (IoT) evolves, vehicles will become smarter and more connected, enhancing convenience and providing a seamless driving experience.4. Shared Mobility:The concept of shared mobility is gaining popularity, particularly in urban areas. Ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft have already disrupted the traditional car ownership model. In the future, we can expect more people to opt for shared mobility solutions, reducing the number of private vehicles on the road and alleviating traffic congestion.5. Lightweight Materials:To improve fuel efficiency and reduce emissions, automakers are turning to lightweight materials such as aluminum, carbon fiber, and advanced high-strength steels. These materials help to reduce vehicle weight, enhancing performance and efficiency. The use of lightweight materials is expected to become more prevalent in the design and manufacturing of future vehicles.6. Sustainable Manufacturing:The automotive industry is increasingly focused on sustainable manufacturing practices. This includes reducing waste, optimizing energy consumption, and using renewable energy sources. Automakers are alsoexploring circular economy principles, recycling materials and components to minimize environmental impact.Conclusion:The future of the automotive industry is characterized by a convergence of technology, sustainability, and consumer behavior. Electrification, autonomous driving, connectivity, shared mobility, lightweight materials, and sustainable manufacturing are the key trends that will shape the industry in the years to come. As these developments unfold, the automotive landscape will undergo a transformative shift, offering new opportunities and challenges for manufacturers, consumers, and society as a whole.。
发展电动汽车英语作文
发展电动汽车英语作文The development of electric cars has been gaining momentum in recent years, as the need for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly mode of transportation becomes increasingly urgent. With the growing concerns over climate change and air pollution, electric cars have emerged as a promising solution to reduce carbon emissions and improve air quality.Electric cars, also known as EVs, are powered by electricity instead of gasoline or diesel fuel. They use rechargeable batteries to store energy, which powers an electric motor to drive the vehicle. Unlike traditional cars, electric cars do not emit harmful pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter. This makes them a cleaner and greener alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles.One of the main advantages of electric cars is their lower operating cost. EVs are much more efficient than gasoline-powered vehicles, as they convert up to 80% of the energy stored in the battery to power the wheels, compared to only 20% for internal combustion engines. This meansthat electric cars require less energy to travel the same distance, resulting in lower fuel costs. Moreover, electric cars have fewer moving parts than gasoline-powered cars, which reduces the need for maintenance and repair, and prolongs their lifespan.Another advantage of electric cars is their quiet and smooth operation. Unlike traditional cars, electric cars do not have a noisy engine, which makes them much quieter and more comfortable to drive. Electric cars also have instant torque, which means that they can accelerate quickly and smoothly, without the need for shifting gears. This makes them a pleasure to drive, especially in stop-and-go traffic.Despite their many advantages, electric cars still face some challenges that need to be addressed to acceleratetheir adoption. One of the main challenges is their limited driving range and long charging time. Most electric carscan travel around 100-300 miles on a single charge, whichis much less than the range of gasoline-powered cars. Moreover, recharging an electric car can take several hours, depending on the charging speed and the battery capacity. This can be inconvenient for drivers who need to travellong distances or who do not have access to a charging station.To overcome these challenges, several initiatives have been launched to promote the development and adoption of electric cars. Governments around the world have introduced incentives and subsidies to encourage consumers to buy electric cars, such as tax credits, rebates, and free parking and charging. Car manufacturers have also invested heavily in research and development to improve the performance and affordability of electric cars, and to develop new charging technologies that can reduce the charging time and increase the driving range.In addition, the infrastructure for electric cars is also expanding rapidly, with more charging stations being installed in public places such as malls, hotels, and parking lots. This makes it easier for electric car owners to recharge their vehicles on the go, and to travel longer distances without worrying about running out of power. Furthermore, advances in battery technology are also expected to improve the driving range and reduce the charging time of electric cars in the near future.In conclusion, the development of electric cars is a promising trend that offers many benefits for the environment, the economy, and the consumers. Electric cars are cleaner, cheaper, and more enjoyable to drive than gasoline-powered cars, and they have the potential to transform the way we travel and live. With the support of governments, car manufacturers, and consumers, electric cars are poised to become the mainstream mode of transportation in the coming years, and to contribute to a more sustainable and prosperous world.。
新能源汽车外文翻译文献
新能源汽车外文翻译文献Electric Cars: XXX?As the XXX crises。
wars。
and increasing oil n。
the need for alternative XXX not a renewable resource。
and we must find a replacement before XXX and social progress。
the n of electric cars XXX.Faced with high XXX costs。
growing XXX。
XXX and American automakers。
XXX Prius has e the world's best-selling hybrid car。
Tesla Motors。
a new American automaker。
has launched its first battery-powered car。
the Tesla Roadster。
As of the end of 2010.XXX hybrid car。
and XXX a similar plan is underway.Currently。
XXX vehicles。
XXX。
key components。
and system n。
They have established a research institute with "three verticals" of hybrid electric vehicles。
pure electric vehicles。
and fuel cell vehicles。
and "three horizontals" of vehicle controlsystems。
motor drive systems。
and power XXX industry。
电动汽车发展：过去、现在与未来外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
Abstract
A vehicle is consider Green when it moreenvironmentally friendly than the traditional petroleumcombustion engine, in which includes any nontraditionalvehicle like, HEV, Plug In, EV, Fuel Cell, Bio fuel etc. thatimproves fuel economy. The development of electric vehiclehas been over a hundred years but failure to gain the publicacceptance in various stages due to various reasons whichexplained. While EV was never mass produced, Hybridelectric vehicle gains the momentum in recent years. Fordhas launched its second generation of HEV and GM alsoannounced the debut of the Volt in 2010. Comparing to theregular HEV, Plug in is the new trend in hybrid autodevelopment due to extend travel range in electrical modeand a possibility of a zero emission as long as travel distanceis less than charging threshold. However, more recently, anelectrification trend in automotive industry has been evolvedand will revolutionize the industry. With the correct policyand government help and advancement of electric vehicletechnology, the prospect of Electric Vehicle will be brightand the focus point of future development.
电动汽车发展现状及未来趋势分析英语作文
电动汽车发展现状及未来趋势分析英语作文The Current Status and Future Trends in the Development of Electric VehiclesIn recent years, the development of electric vehicles (EVs) has gained significant attention worldwide. As concerns over climate change and air pollution continue to rise, governments and industries are increasingly looking towards electric vehicles as a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional gasoline-powered cars. This essay aims to provide an analysis of the current status of electric vehicle development and discuss the future trends in this rapidly evolving industry.The current status of electric vehicle development is marked by substantial progress in terms of technological advancements, infrastructure development, and market penetration. Technological innovations have led to the production of more efficient and cost-effective batteries, improving the overall performance and driving range of electric vehicles. Major automakers are investing heavily in research and development to enhance the power and efficiency of EVs, making them increasingly competitive with traditional vehicles.Furthermore, governments around the world are promoting the adoption of electric vehicles through various incentives and initiatives. In many countries, there are tax benefits, subsidies, and grants available for purchasing electric vehicles. These incentives not only encourage consumers to choose EVs but also support the development of an extensive charging infrastructure. The expansion of charging networks, including public charging stations and fast-charging facilities, is crucial for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles.The market penetration of electric vehicles has also shown remarkable progress in recent years. The sales of electric cars have been steadily increasing, with significant growth in countries such as China, the United States, and European nations. Consumers are becoming more aware of the environmental advantages of electric vehicles, combined with the lower operating costs and government incentives, making EVs an attractive option for many. Additionally, the development of more affordable electric vehiclemodels has made them accessible to a wider range of consumers, contributing to the increasing market demand.Looking towards the future, there are several trends that are expected to shape the development of electric vehicles. One significant trend is the continued advancement of battery technology. Improvements in battery energy density and charging speed will enhance the driving range and reduce charging time, addressing the main concerns of consumers regarding the limited range and longer charging times compared to traditional cars. The development of solid-state batteries and other advanced battery technologies is also underway, which could further revolutionize the electric vehicle industry by offering higher energy density, faster charging, and improved safety.Another important trend is the integration of renewable energy sources with electric vehicle charging infrastructure. As the world transitions towards a low-carbon economy, the coupling of EVs with renewable energy can further reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. This concept, known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology, allows electric vehicles to store excess renewable energy and feed it back into the grid during peak demand, promoting renewable energy utilization and grid stability.Furthermore, autonomous driving technology is expected to play a crucial role in the future of electric vehicles. Self-driving electric cars have the potential to revolutionize urban mobility and ride-sharing services. By combining electric vehicles with autonomous driving capabilities, it is possible to create a more efficient and sustainable transportation system with reduced congestion and emissions. The development of smart infrastructure, such as intelligent charging stations and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication technology, will be necessary to support the seamless integration of autonomous electric vehicles into the existing transportation network.In conclusion, the development of electric vehicles has made significant progress in recent years, driven by technological advancements, government support, and increasing consumer demand. As the industry continues to evolve, the future trends include advancements in battery technology, integration with renewable energy sources, and the integration of autonomous driving technology. With these trends, the future of electricvehicles looks promising, offering a pathway towards a sustainable and eco-friendly transportation system.。
关于新能源汽车发展的英语作文
关于新能源汽车发展的英语作文The Evolution and Prospects of New Energy Vehicles.In recent years, the automotive industry has undergone a significant transformation, marked by the emergence and rapid growth of new energy vehicles (NEVs). These vehicles, powered by alternative fuels such as electricity, hydrogen, and biofuels, offer a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional petroleum-based cars. The transition to NEVs is not just a technological revolution but also a crucial step towards achieving global carbon emission reduction targets and promoting sustainable development.1. Background and Drivers of NEV Development.The need for NEVs arises from multiple factors, including concerns about climate change, rising oil prices, and the finite nature of fossil fuels. Governments worldwide have implemented policies to encourage theadoption of NEVs, including tax incentives, subsidies, and investment in infrastructure such as charging stations and hydrogen refueling facilities.Moreover, advancements in battery technology and electric motors have made NEVs more efficient, cost-effective, and appealing to consumers. The increasing availability of charging infrastructure and the development of fast-charging technologies have further accelerated the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs).2. Types of New Energy Vehicles.Electric Vehicles (EVs): Powered solely by electricity stored in rechargeable batteries, EVs offer zero-emission driving and low maintenance costs. They are available in various forms, including passenger cars, buses, and even heavy-duty trucks.Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs): These combine a traditional internal combustion engine with an electric motor and batteries. HEVs can operate in either pureelectric mode or combine the use of both power sources, depending on the driving conditions.Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs): Similar to HEVs, PHEVs have larger batteries that can be charged from an external power source. They offer a greater range in electric-only mode and can be driven for longer distances without using the internal combustion engine.Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs): These use hydrogen as a fuel and generate electricity through a chemical reaction in a fuel cell. FCEVs produce only water as a by-product, making them emission-free.3. Challenges and Solutions.Despite the significant progress made in NEV technology, several challenges remain. One of the most significant is the limited range and long charging times of EVs. However, ongoing research and development in battery technology are aiming to address these issues. Solid-state batteries, for example, promise higher energy density and faster chargingtimes than current lithium-ion batteries.Another challenge is the infrastructure required to support NEVs. Charging stations and hydrogen refueling facilities need to be widely distributed to make NEVs convenient and accessible. Public-private partnerships and government investments are crucial in building out this infrastructure.4. Prospects for NEV Development.The future looks bright for NEVs. With continuous technological advancements, NEVs are becoming more competitive with traditional vehicles in terms of performance, cost, and convenience. As battery costs continue to fall and charging infrastructure expands, NEVs are expected to gain a significant market share in the automotive industry.Moreover, governments and international organizations are increasingly recognizing the need for decarbonizing the transport sector. Policies and regulations promoting theadoption of NEVs are likely to become more widespread,加速新能源汽车的发展和应用。
电动汽车外文翻译
IV. PRESENT STATUSAfter many years of development, EV technologies are becoming mature. Many advanced technologies are em-ployed to extend the driving range and reduce the cost. For example, the use of advanced IM drives and PM brushless motor drives to improve the electric propulsion system,the employment of advanced valve-regulated lead-acid(VRLA) battery, Ni-MH battery, Li-Ion battery, FCs, and ultracapacitors to improve the EV energy source, application of light body technology with light, but rigid material,low-drag coefficient body to reduce the aerodynamic resis-tance and low rolling resistance tires to reducing running resistance at low and medium driving speed, as well as the adoption of advanced charging, power steering, or variable temperature seats to enhance the EV auxiliaries. In the following paragraphs, some of the recently developed EV,HEV, and FCEV are illustrated with the intention to show the achievable technology, despite particular vehicle model.For example, EV1 has been discontinued and some models are for demonstration purpose only, i.e., NECAR5 and Ford P2000. These typical vehicles have been carefully chosen to represent the state of the art. GM EV1 and Nissan Altra EV represent advanced BEV using different types of motor and battery. Ford 2000P and NECAR5 represent the development stage of FCEV, Toyota Prius and Honda Insight represent the commercialization of HEV, Luciole and HKU 200 represent showcase BEV, and Reva represents commercially produced low-cost BEV. Showcasing the most advanced propulsion system,the 1997 two-seater GM EV1 is shown in Fig. 4. It had a front-wheel drive that adopted a 102-kW three-phase IM and a single-speed transaxle with dual-reduction of 10.946:1. It contained 26-module 312-V VRLA batteries that were inductively charged by a 6.6-kW offboard charger or a 1.2-kW onboard charger. This EV1 could offer an axle torque of 1640 Nm from zero to 7000 rpm and a propulsion power of 102 kW from 7000 to 14 000 rpm, leading to achieve a top speed of 128 km/h (electronically limited) and an acceleration from zero to 96 km/h in less than 9 s. For city driving, it could provide a range of 112 km per charge, whereas on highway operation, it offered 144 km per charge.In 1999, the EV1 adopted nickel-metal hybrid batteries as an optional equipment, hence, reaching 220 km per charge.Fig. 5 shows the 1997 four-seater Altra EV, which was the flagship of Nissan. It used a 62-kW PM brushless motor,which weighed only 39 kg, the highest power-to-weight ratio (1.6 kW/kg) for any EV motor available. Making use of max-imum efficiency control, the total efficiency of the propulsion system was more than 89%. Power came from the cobalt-based Li-Ion batteries, which had a specific energy of 90 Wh/kg, a specific power of 300 W/kg, and a long cycle life of about 1200 recharges. This battery pack could be charged up by an onboard inductive charging system within five hours.It could achieve a top speed of 120 km/h and a range of 192 km for city driving. In 1999, the Altra adopted the man-ganese-based Li-Ion batteries to further increase both spe-cific energy and specific power to 91 Wh/kg and 350 W/kg,respectively.The Ford P2000 symbolized the dedication of Ford in thedevelopment of FCEVs. Fig. 6 shows this four-door sedan,Fig. 4. GM EV1 (photo courtesy of General Motors).Fig. 5. Nissan Altra EV (photo courtesy of Nissan).Fig. 6. Ford P2000 (photo courtesy of Ford Motor Company).which was launched in the year 2000. It was powered bythe Ford’s Th!nk FC system, namely, the proton exchan gemembrane (PEM) FCs, which was fuelled by compressed hy-drogen gas (CHG) stored at 25 MPa and oxygen gas simply from the air. It adopted a three-phase IM,offering a peak power of 67 kW, a peak torque of 190 Nm, and a peak ef-ficiency of 91%. With the curb weight of 1514 kg, the P2000 could achieve a top speed of 128 km/h and a driving range of 160 km per charge.Daimler-Benz, now DaimlerChrysler, presented its first methanol-fuelled FCEV in 1997—the NECAR 3. It used PEM FCs to generate a power of 50 kW for propulsion.The hydrogen fuel was directly extracted from methanol via a mini reformer, thus bypassing the problem of having compressed gas canisters onboard the vehicle. The FCs were stored beneath the floor, while the reformer, methanol tank,and control systems were located in the boot. Based on this first generation methanol-fuelled FC propulsion system,Fig. 7. DaimlerChrysler NECAR 5 (photo courtesy of DaimlerChrysler).Fig. 8. Toyota Prius (photo courtesy of Toyota).the NECAR 3 could travel over 400 km on 38 L of liquid methanol. As shown in Fig. 7, the NECAR 5 launched in 2000 was the technological successor of the NECAR 3,while reducing the size of the drive system by half and the weight of the vehicle by 300 kg. It also boosted up the power to 75 kW to reach speeds over 150 km/h.The world’s first mass-production HEV was the Toyota Prius, as shown in Fig. 8. Its motive power was sourced from both a four-cylinder ICE (52 kW at 4500 rpm) and a PM brushless motor (33 kW at 1040–5600 rpm). Since it was an ICE-heavy HEV, a power split device, namely, the plane-tary gear, sent part of the ICE power to the wheels and part to a generator. The generated electrical energy could supply the electric motor to increase the motive power or could be stored in the 38-module nickel-metal hybrid batteries. The Prius could offer a top speed of 160 km/h, an acceleration from zero to 96 km/h in 12.7 s, and a fuel economy of 20 km/l for combined city and highway operation. Both of its fuel economy and exhaust emissions were much better than that of any conventional ICEVs. The Honda Insight, shown in Fig. 9, went on sale in December 2000. It employed an ICE-heavy hybrid system,combining a three-cylinder ICE (50 kW at 5700 rpm) and a PM synchronous motor (10 kW at 3000 rpm). The electric motor was powered by a 144-V Ni-MH battery pack,which was recharged by regenerative braking during normal cruising and downhill driving. The Insight was claimed to be the most fuel-efficient HEV with the fuel economy of 26–30km/l. Also, it satisfied the stringent ultra low-emission ehicle (ULEV) standard in California.To simultaneously address the problems of air pollution,wasteful energy consumption, and traffic safety, the Na tional Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in Japan presented a high-performance lightweight EV,Fig. 9. Honda Insight (photo courtesy of Honda).Fig. 10. NIES Luciole (photo courtesy of NIES, Japan).namely, the Luciole (formerly called Eco-Vehicle) in 1996 for conve-nient city commuting. As shown in Fig. 10, it adopted a tandem two-seater layout so that the seats could be kept comfortable and the safety in side crushes could be im-proved by thickening the doors. It was rear-wheel drive,which was powered by two inwheel PM brushless motors with the total output of 72 kW and 154 Nm. The battery pack contained 224-V VRLA batteries, mounted inside the square holes of the purpose-built chassis. The battery pack could be charged up by normal charging within five hours,by fast charging within fifteen minutes or even partially charged by solar charging. The Luciole could achieve a top speed of 130 km/h, a range on the Japan 10.15 Mode driving cycle of 130 km, and an acceleration from zero to 40 km/h in 3.9 s.Fig. 11 shows an EV, the U2001, which was developed by the University of Hong Kong (HKU) in 1993. It was a four-seater EV, which adopted a 45-kW PM hybrid motor and a 264-V nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) battery pack. This specially designed EV motor could offer high efficiencies over a wide operating range. It also incorporated a number of advanced EV technologies, such as the adoption of thermoelectric variable temperature seats to minimize the energy used for air-conditioning, the use of an audio nav-igation system to facilitate safe and user-friendly driving,and the use of an intelligent energy management system (EMS) to optimize the energy flow within the vehicle. The U2001 could offer a top speed of 110 km/h, an acceleration from zero to 48 km/h in 6.3 s, and a range of 176 km at 88-km/h operation.Apart from the USA, Europe, and Japan, India also plays an active role to commercialize EVs. Fig. 12 shows a two-door hatchback EV,Fig. 11. HKU U2001.Fig. 12. Reva EV (photo courtesy of Reva Electric Car Company).the Reva EV, which was launched in the year 2001 an d would be India’s first mass-produced EV. It adopted a separately excited DC motor (70 Nm, 13 kW peak) and a 48-V tubular LA battery pack. Its onboard charger (220 V, 2.2 kW) could provide 80% charge within 3h and 100% within 6 h. With the curb weight of 650 kg, the Reva EV could achieve a top speed of 65 km/h and a range of 80 km per charge. The most attractive feature was its incredibly low initial and running costs—the exfactory cost is about 5000 U.S. dollars and the running cost is less than one U.S.cent per kilometer. The major means of reducing the cost of this EV includes the system optimization and integration, low-cost local components, low-cost tooling,and simple automation. It can be seen from Table 2 that the sale and lease of Evs in USA from 1996 to 2000 were not successful; the major reason was that their cost was too expensive and their driving range did not fully satisf y the users’ need (Table 3).Table 2EVs Sold/Leased in the USA 1996–2000Table 3Key Data of Modern EVs。
电车发展英语作文
电车发展英语作文English:The development of electric cars has been a pivotal shift in the automotive industry, signaling a transition towards more sustainable transportation options. With concerns over climate change and environmental degradation, electric cars offer a promising solution by significantly reducing carbon emissions compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. The advancement in battery technology has been instrumental in enhancing the performance and driving range of electric vehicles, addressing the previous limitations regarding range anxiety. Moreover, government incentives and policies aimed at promoting electric vehicle adoption have further accelerated their popularity. The emergence of charging infrastructure, including fast-charging stations and home charging solutions, has also alleviated concerns regarding charging accessibility. As electric cars continue to gain traction, they not only contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions but also drive innovation in the automotive sector, fostering the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly transportation alternatives.中文翻译:电动汽车的发展是汽车工业的一个重大转变，标志着向更可持续的交通选择的过渡。
新能源汽车发展的现状与未来展望 英文作文
The Current State and Future Prospects of New Energy Vehicles The rise of new energy vehicles (NEVs), particularly electric vehicles (EVs), marks a significant milestone in the automotive industry's journey toward sustainability and environmental responsibility. With concerns about climate change and depleting fossil fuels, the development and adoption of NEVs have gained unprecedented momentum. In this essay, we will examine the current state of new energy vehicles and explore the future prospects of this transformative technology.Current State of New Energy Vehicles1. Advancements in TechnologyRecent years have witnessed remarkable advancements in NEV technology. Electric vehicles, in particular, have seen improvements in battery efficiency, range, and charging infrastructure. This progress has alleviated concerns about EVs' limited driving range and lengthy charging times, making them a more viable option for consumers.2. Growing Market ShareThe market share of NEVs, including electric, hybrid, and plug-in hybrid vehicles, has been steadily increasing. Governments around the world have introduced incentives such as subsidies, tax breaks, and exemptions from road tolls to encourage consumers to choose eco-friendly vehicles. As a result, more consumers are making the switch to NEVs, contributing to a greener transportation landscape.3. Environmental BenefitsNEVs significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. By transitioning to electric or hybrid vehicles, countries can make substantial progress in achieving their climate goals and improving air quality, especially in urban areas where vehicle emissions pose a significant health risk.4. Technological InnovationThe development of NEVs has spurred innovation not only in battery technology but also in autonomous driving, vehicle-to-grid integration, and smart charging solutions. These innovations have the potential to reshape the entire automotive industry and pave the way for a more sustainable future.Future Prospects of New Energy Vehicles1. Further Technological EnhancementsThe future of NEVs lies in continuous technological advancements. Researchers are exploring new battery chemistries, such as solid-state batteries, which promise higher energy density, faster charging times, and enhanced safety. Breakthroughs in materials science and engineering are expected to lead to lighter and more efficient batteries, extending the driving range of electric vehicles.2. Expansion of Charging InfrastructureThe growth of NEVs is contingent on the availability of a reliable and widespread charging infrastructure. In the future, we can expect a substantial expansion of charging stations, including fast-charging networks along highways and ultra-fast chargers capable of replenishing a vehicle's battery in a matter of minutes. Additionally, advancements in wireless charging technology may eliminate the need for physical charging stations, making the process more convenient for users.3. Integration with Renewable Energy SourcesThe integration of NEVs with renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, holds immense potential. Smart grids and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology will enable electric vehicles to store excess energy and feed it back into the grid during peak demand periods. This bidirectional energy flow not only supports the stability of the grid but also reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources.4. Enhanced Affordability and AccessibilityAs technology advances and production scales increase, the cost of manufacturing NEVs is expected to decrease. This reduction in manufacturing costs will lead to more affordable electric vehicles, making them accessible to a broader range of consumers. Additionally, innovative financing models and government incentives will further promote the adoption of NEVs among various socioeconomic groups.5. Environmental and Economic BenefitsThe widespread adoption of NEVs will not only mitigate environmental challenges but also stimulate economic growth. The shift toward electric mobility will create jobs in manufacturing, research and development, and the maintenance of charging infrastructure. Moreover, reduced dependence on imported fossil fuels will enhance energy security and stability for countries, fostering economic resilience.ConclusionThe current state and future prospects of new energy vehicles represent a paradigm shift in the automotive industry. With advancements in technology, expansion of charging infrastructure, integration with renewable energy sources, and enhanced affordability, NEVs are poised to revolutionize the way we commute and contribute significantly to environmental preservation and economic prosperity. As governments, industries, and consumers collaborate to embrace this transformation, the vision of a sustainable and emission-free transportation future is well within reach. The journey toward a greener planet starts with the wheels of innovation, powered by the promise of new energy vehicles.。
中国新能源汽车的发展前景英语作文
中国新能源汽车的发展前景英语作文The Development Prospect of New Energy Vehicles in ChinaWith the progress of technology and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, new energy vehicles have become the focus of the automotive industry. In recent years, China has attached great importance to the development of new energy vehicles and has made remarkable achievements. The development prospect of new energy vehicles in China is promising, and it has great potential to become a leading force in the global market.Firstly, the Chinese government has been actively promoting the development of new energy vehicles through various policies and measures. In order to reduce air pollution and dependence on imported oil, the Chinese government has introduced a series of policies to encourage the production and consumption of new energy vehicles. These policies include financial subsidies, tax incentives, and regulations on fuel consumption. The government has also invested heavily in the construction of charging stations and battery swapping stations to improve the infrastructure for new energy vehicles.Secondly, the Chinese automotive industry has made rapid progress in the research and development of new energy vehicles. Chinese automakers such as BYD, NIO, and Geely have made significant advances in electric vehicle technology and have launched a variety of new energy vehicles on the market. The quality and performance of Chinese new energy vehicles have been greatly improved, attracting more consumers to choose them as an alternative to traditional fuel vehicles.Moreover, the Chinese market has great potential for the development of new energy vehicles. China is the largest automotive market in the world, with a huge demand for vehicles. As the government promotes new energy vehicles and consumers become more environmentally conscious, the market for new energy vehicles in China is expanding rapidly. With the support of policies and the improvement of technology, the sales of new energy vehicles in China are expected to continue to grow in the future.In addition, the international market for new energy vehicles is also an important opportunity for Chinese automakers. As more countries and regions around the world are promoting the use of new energy vehicles, Chinese automakers have the opportunity to expand their presence in the global market. Byexporting new energy vehicles to other countries, Chinese automakers can enhance their competitiveness and contribute to the development of the global new energy vehicle industry.In conclusion, the development prospect of new energy vehicles in China is promising. With the support of government policies, the progress of technology, the potential of the domestic market, and the opportunities in the international market, Chinese new energy vehicles are expected to play an important role in the transformation of the global automotive industry. As China continues to promote the development of new energy vehicles, it has the potential to become a leader in the field of new energy vehicles and contribute to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation system.。
电动汽车中英文对照外文翻译文献
电动汽车中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)电动车：正在进行的绿色交通革命？随着世界上持续的能源危机，战争和石油消费以及汽车数量的增加，能源日益减少，有一天它会消失得无影无踪。
石油并不是可再生资源。
在石油消耗枯竭之前必须找到一种能源与之替代。
随着科技的发展和社会进步，电动车的发明将会有效的缓解这一燃眉之急。
电动汽车将成为理想的交通工具。
面临能源成本居高不下、消费者和政府更加重视环境保护的情况下，世界汽车制造商正加大对可替代能源性混合动力汽车技术的开发投资。
该技术能极大削减燃料消费，减少温室气体排放。
许多人把目光投向了日本和美国的汽车制造商，关心他们开发混合动力和电池电动车的进展情况。
丰田普锐斯一跃成为世界上销量最好的混合动力车。
美国的新兴汽车制造商，Tesla Motors，推出了该公司首部电池电力车，名为Tesla Roadster。
截至2010年底，通用汽车公司计划推出备受赞誉的V olt混合动力汽车，而克莱斯勒公司最近已经宣布同样的计划正在进行之中。
目前，中国在新能源汽车的自主创新过程中，坚持了政府支持，以核心技术、关键部件和系统集成为重点的原则，确立了以混合电动汽车、纯电动汽车、燃料电池汽车为“三纵”，以整车控制系统、电机驱动系统、动力蓄电池/燃料电池为“三横”的研发布局，通过产学研紧密合作，中国混合动力汽车的自主创新取得了重大进展。
形成了具有完全自主知识产权的动力系统技术平台，建立了混合动力汽车技术开发体系。
混合动力汽车的核心是电池（包括电池管理系统）技术。
除此之外，还包括发动机技术、电机控制技术、整车控制技术等，发动机和电机之间动力的转换和衔接也是重点。
从目前情况来看，中国已经建立起了混合动力汽车动力系统技术平台和产学研合作研发体系，取得了一系列突破性成果，为整车开发奠定了坚实的基础。
截止到2009年1月31日，在混合动力车辆技术领域，中国知识产权局受理并公开的中国专利申请为1116件。
发展新能源汽车的好处,英语作文
发展新能源汽车的好处,英语作文The development of new energy vehicles has become a global trend in the automotive industry. As concerns over environmental sustainability and the depletion of fossil fuels continue to grow, the need for alternative and more eco-friendly transportation solutions has become increasingly pressing. New energy vehicles, which include electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), and fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), offer a range of benefits that make them a promising solution to the challenges faced by the traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles.One of the primary advantages of new energy vehicles is their significantly reduced environmental impact. Traditional ICE vehicles are major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions, which are a leading cause of climate change. In contrast, new energy vehicles, particularly EVs and FCVs, produce zero direct emissions, making them a much more sustainable option. This not only helps to mitigate the environmental damage caused by transportation but also aligns with global efforts to transition towards a low-carbon economy.Moreover, the adoption of new energy vehicles can contribute to improving air quality in urban areas. ICE vehicles are a significant source of air pollution, emitting particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and other harmful pollutants that can have detrimental effects on human health. By replacing these vehicles with new energy alternatives, cities can experience a noticeable improvement in air quality, leading to better respiratory health and a higher quality of life for residents.In addition to environmental benefits, the development of new energy vehicles also offers significant economic advantages. The shift towards new energy vehicles can create new job opportunities in the manufacturing, infrastructure development, and maintenance sectors. As the demand for these vehicles grows, so too will the need for skilled workers to produce, install, and service them. This can lead to the creation of new industries and the revitalization of existing ones, contributing to economic growth and job creation.Furthermore, the increased adoption of new energy vehicles can reduce the reliance on imported fossil fuels, which can have a significant impact on a country's energy security and trade balance. By transitioning towards domestically produced energy sources, such as electricity or hydrogen, countries can reduce their dependence on volatile global oil markets and potentially lower their energy costs.This can have positive ripple effects on the overall economy, as reduced energy expenditures can free up resources for investment in other sectors.Another important benefit of new energy vehicles is their potentialto improve energy efficiency and reduce overall energy consumption. Many new energy vehicles, particularly EVs, are significantly more energy-efficient than their ICE counterparts, converting a larger proportion of the energy input into useful work. This can lead to substantial savings in energy consumption, which can have a positive impact on both the environment and the consumer's pocketbook.Moreover, the development of new energy vehicles can also contribute to the advancement of related technologies, such as energy storage systems, charging infrastructure, and autonomous driving capabilities. As the demand for new energy vehicles grows, so too will the investment in research and development in these areas, leading to technological breakthroughs that can have far-reaching implications beyond the automotive industry.One of the key challenges in the widespread adoption of new energy vehicles is the need for a robust charging infrastructure. Governments and private entities have recognized this challenge and are investing heavily in the development of public and private charging networks to address this issue. As the charginginfrastructure continues to expand, the convenience and accessibility of new energy vehicles will improve, making them a more viable option for a wider range of consumers.Another challenge that must be addressed is the higher upfront cost of new energy vehicles compared to their ICE counterparts. However, this cost gap is expected to narrow over time as economies of scale and technological advancements drive down the production costs of new energy vehicles. Additionally, the long-term operational cost savings associated with new energy vehicles, such as reduced fuel and maintenance expenses, can help offset the higher initial purchase price.In conclusion, the development of new energy vehicles offers a range of benefits that make them a promising solution to the environmental and economic challenges faced by the transportation sector. From reduced emissions and improved air quality to job creation and energy security, the adoption of new energy vehicles can have a profound impact on both the environment and the economy. While there are still some challenges to be addressed, the continued investment and innovation in this field suggest that new energy vehicles will play a crucial role in shaping the future of sustainable transportation.。
新能源汽车发展英文作文
新能源汽车发展英文作文The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) marks a significant shift in the automotive industry. With advancements inbattery technology and a push towards sustainability, EVs are becoming increasingly popular.Governments worldwide are supporting this transition by offering incentives and setting ambitious targets for EV adoption. These policies are crucial in accelerating the growth of the market and reducing our carbon footprint.The economic benefits of EVs are also noteworthy. They offer lower operating costs and require less maintenance compared to traditional internal combustion engine vehicles. This makes them an attractive option for consumers and businesses alike.However, challenges remain. The infrastructure for charging stations needs to be expanded to accommodate the growing number of EVs on the road. Additionally, the production of batteries must become more sustainable to ensure the environmental benefits of EVs are not offset by the ecological impact of battery production.Investment in research and development is key to overcoming these obstacles. Technological innovations will not only improve the performance and range of EVs but also make them more affordable for the average consumer.The future of transportation is electric. As we continue to innovate and overcome the current barriers, the widespread adoption of EVs will play a pivotal role in combating climate change and creating a cleaner, greener world.In conclusion, the development of new energy vehicles is a journey that requires collective effort. With continued support and innovation, the transition to a sustainable transportation system is not only possible but inevitable.。
电动汽车的好处英文版作文
电动汽车的好处英文版作文Electric cars have become increasingly popular in recent years. There are several reasons why people are choosing electric cars over traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. Firstly, electric cars are environmentally friendly. They produce zero emissions, which means they do not contribute to air pollution. This is important for the health of our planet and for future generations. Additionally, electric cars are much quieter thantraditional cars. This is a great benefit for those wholive in urban areas and want to reduce noise pollution. 。
Another advantage of electric cars is their cost-effectiveness. Although the upfront cost of an electric car may be higher than a traditional car, the long-term savings are significant. Electric cars require less maintenance and have lower fuel costs. They can also be charged at home, eliminating the need to visit gas stations. Moreover, some governments offer incentives and tax credits for purchasing electric cars, making them even more affordable. 。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
电动车：正在进行的绿色交通革命？随着世界上持续的能源危机，战争和石油消费以及汽车数量的增加，能源日益减少，有一天它会消失得无影无踪。
石油并不是可再生资源。
在石油消耗枯竭之前必须找到一种能源与之替代。
随着科技的发展和社会进步，电动车的发明将会有效的缓解这一燃眉之急。
电动汽车将成为理想的交通工具。
面临能源成本居高不下、消费者和政府更加重视环境保护的情况下，世界汽车制造商正加大对可替代能源性混合动力汽车技术的开发投资。
该技术能极大削减燃料消费，减少温室气体排放。
许多人把目光投向了日本和美国的汽车制造商，关心他们开发混合动力和电池电动车的进展情况。
丰田普锐斯一跃成为世界上销量最好的混合动力车。
美国的新兴汽车制造商，Tesla Motors，推出了该公司首部电池电力车，名为Tesla Roadster。
截至2010年底，通用汽车公司计划推出备受赞誉的V olt混合动力汽车，而克莱斯勒公司最近已经宣布同样的计划正在进行之中。
目前，中国在新能源汽车的自主创新过程中，坚持了政府支持，以核心技术、关键部件和系统集成为重点的原则，确立了以混合电动汽车、纯电动汽车、燃料电池汽车为“三纵”，以整车控制系统、电机驱动系统、动力蓄电池/燃料电池为“三横”的研发布局，通过产学研紧密合作，中国混合动力汽车的自主创新取得了重大进展。
形成了具有完全自主知识产权的动力系统技术平台，建立了混合动力汽车技术开发体系。
混合动力汽车的核心是电池（包括电池管理系统）技术。
除此之外，还包括发动机技术、电机控制技术、整车控制技术等，发动机和电机之间动力的转换和衔接也是重点。
从目前情况来看，中国已经建立起了混合动力汽车动力系统技术平台和产学研合作研发体系，取得了一系列突破性成果，为整车开发奠定了坚实的基础。
截止到2009年1月31日，在混合动力车辆技术领域，中国知识产权局受理并公开的中国专利申请为1116件。
在1116件专利申请中，发明为782件（授权为107件）、实用新型为334件。
同美国、日本、中国以及和其他国家一样，欧洲的一部分国家也宣布了关于采用推广电动车的大胆的计划，包括财政激励、资助电池和电动车的研究、还有关于充电基础设施的调配分布计划。
像伦敦和巴黎这样的主要城市已经宣布了电动车共享系统，而拥有大型自有车队的公共管理部门和公司需要采购电动车。
与此同时，公用事业、汽车制造商、电池生产商和学者等共同参与发起了如欧盟电动汽车工作队和EpoSS——欧洲技术平台的智能系统一体化等项目。
协同欧洲投资银行一起，欧盟委员会已经推出了欧洲绿色汽车计划，这50亿欧元将部分地投入在电池和电动车的研究、开发、制造、以及示范项目上。
这一阵活动似乎表明，电动汽车最终将是一个重大突破。
但是这次，它会在这里停滞不前吗？历史告诉我们要谨慎。
电动汽车早在1883年就开始生产了——比内燃机汽车早52年。
然而，1913年以后，内燃机的大规模商业化导致电动汽车快速下降。
在过去几十年里，尝试重新引入电动汽车的努力大部分未获成功，它们仍然代表一个非常小的利基市场。
电动汽车未来发展的重大问题之一是电池性能的改良速度。
钗电池严重限制了电动汽车的性能，因为相比内燃机汽车，钗电池为整个汽车平添了220公斤的重量。
当今的大多数客用汽车都在城市行驶，因此在通常情况下路途较短、速度较慢，所以这一问题似乎并不像欧美等其他市场那样严峻，因为那里的平均行驶路程更长，最高速度也更快。
电动汽车技术的持续研发正大幅改善着汽车的性能。
美国A123Systems公司，世界最大的高能钗电池生产商之一，宣布汽车每次充电后，电池能够驱动汽车行驶200公里。
东芝公司最近也宣布正式推出超级充电电池，而这种电池在j分钟以内就可以充满90%的电量。
但是今天，未来看起来更加光明：电池技术已经取得许多重大进展，电动车有望在未来几年内大规模重新进入市场。
基于适度增长情况的假定，到2050年，电动车会在新销售额中占有超过60％的比例，并构成25％的全球汽车车队。
不过，由于现在还有一些相关技术开发和未来消费者行为的不确定性，对未来部署规模的估计会有很大变动。
电动汽车的一大好处是减少排放到大气中的温室气体。
当我们计算可替代能源动力汽车技术的碳减排总量时，不仅计算机车排放的CO2总量，而且还包括机车在整个生命周期的排放数量，从发电直到燃料运输时产生的CO2排放都包含在其中。
2008年8月，麦肯锡全球团队研究了北美、欧洲、中国和印度的乘用车行业。
团队基于现有技术和商业运行可行性选取并研究了四种可替代能源汽车技术。
他们通过与传统的消耗汽油或柴油的内燃机(ICE)汽车进行对比。
改良型汽油和朱油动力汽车:传统内燃机(ycE)汽车采用了减排技术，如采用有助于引擎高效燃油的可变换阀门控制、通过降低摩擦节约燃料的低滚动阻力轮胎。
改良型内燃机动力汽车在其生命周期中可能减少51%的碳排放量。
全混合动力汽车:全混合动力汽车主要消耗汽油，而在加速时以电池驱动。
汽车的动力来源主要依靠内燃机。
再加上上述内燃机改进技术，全混合动力汽车在其生命周期中可能减少50%的碳排放量。
压缩天然气(CNG)汽车:压缩天然气汽车一般被认为是采用清洁能源的车型，但在其生命周期中的碳减排空间完全取决于天然气来源——天然气运输距离越远，该车型“从油井到油箱”的排放量就越。
假设天然气来自当地气源，压缩天然气汽车在生命源大周期中碳减排量和混合动力汽车接近，为55%。
电动汽丰:电动汽车包括插电混合动力汽车(PHEV)和电池电动汽车(BEV)。
与全混合动力汽车相比，插电混合动力汽车装有更大的电池，因此使得汽车可以在没有内燃机的辅助下所行路程更远。
这种汽车可以用标准插座充电，只需内燃机提供少许动力。
电池电动汽车一直要电池提供动力，而不需要内燃机机制的帮助。
可虑到中国依赖谋电站发电，当今的电动汽车依靠现在的内燃机技术只能够有减少19%碳排放量的空间;然而，如果在电力供应方面使能源构成更加多元化，并向可替代能源转变的话，碳减排量会增加至49%。
虽然电动汽车具有零尾气排放的特点，但是，在电力生产过程中会有排放。
比如说，倘若没有采用新动力汽车技术的协同行动，中国乘用车的CO2排放水平到2030年可达12亿吨。
然而，我们的研究显示，中国可以通过采用各种可替代动力汽车技术实现高达45%的乘用车减排量。
对比其他的动力汽车技术，电动汽车的减排空间似乎较小。
全混合动力汽车的减排量可达56%，但是电动汽车只有19%的减排空间。
原因是中国仍然依靠火电站提供高达85%的电量供应。
但是，如果可替代能源到2030年占中国电力供应的50%，那么电动汽车的碳减排空间则可提高至49%，即大体上与其他技术的减排水平相当。
原因是，中国仍然依靠火电站提供高达85%的电量供应。
由此也可以衍生出电动汽车的一个另一个好处是将城市中有害的空气污染“位移”到农村地区，那里的人口暴露较低；噪音水平也较低，特别是在城市的驾驶条件。
电动车的另一个主要优势是能源效率。
拥有60%—80%的“油箱到车轮”效率，使得电动车优于传统汽车四倍。
总的来说，电动车在低速和频繁换挡的情况下显示出了强大的节能功效，这也是城市成为主要目标市场的另一个原因。
电动汽车也将为软件开发商带来机遇。
电力机车需要安装提示司机有关汽车重要数据状态的电子界面，包括燃料电池的使用情况、GPS导航系统的每秒更新等等。
由风险投资支持的新兴公司Better Place正在开发一种名为AutOS的综合信息管理系统，该系统可以告知司机最近的电池充电站的位置以及其他信息。
虽然燃料电池和其他相关技术在大幅降低CO2排放量方面前景广阔，但是其商业应用仍尚需时日。
然而，投资电动汽车并不意味着汽车制造商和供应商应该停止对其他技术的研究。
反而，他们应该保持一种平衡的技术组合，即将电动汽车作为近期的解决方案，而将其他技术，如燃料电池等，视为长期的解决方案。
因为一旦上述技术具有商业可行性时，将会带来可观的回报。
感谢其能源效率，如果发电在未来将更加环保，电动汽车将有助于温室气体的大幅减少。
鉴于对气候变化进行的考虑，这可能被证明是一个重要因素。
事实上，交通对欧盟的温室气体排放量需要负五分之一以上的责任，并且它是排放量不断增长的唯一部门。
虽然改善内燃机仍有可能减少每公里驾驶的排放量，但要使温室气体排放减少50％以上，就需要新的技术解决方案，如电动车。
相对于传统的汽车，并在目前欧洲平均电力供应的基础上，电动汽车有50％的更少的排放量。
如果随着更多的绿色和可再生能源的使用，发电的碳强度持续下降，则可以进一步获益。
电动车似乎终于到了发生重大突破的临界点，尤其是它能够在城市中提供巨大的环境效益。
创新的商业模式即将到来，这必将提升消费者的接受度。
然而，绿色电力供应仍存在一些障碍：昂贵的电池技术，有限的驾驶范围，和对于电动充电设施密集网络的需要。
为了克服这些障碍，创新的商业模式正在发展，以便助于转变汽车运输。
外文原文：The electric car — a green transport revolution in the making?As the world's continuing energy crisis, and war and oil consumption and energy ----- car full with the amount of increase, decrease energy day by day, one day it will disappear without a trace. Oil is not living resources. Oil consumption in the net must be to find a substitute before. With the development of technology and social progress, the invention of the electric vehicles will be effective help ease the financial difficulty. Electric cars will become the ideal means of transport.Faced with high energy costs and rising consumer and government concern over the fate of the environment, the world's automakers are stepping up investment in the development of alternative power train technologies that promise to substantially cut fuel consumption and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.Much attention to-date has focused on advances by Japanese and American automakers in the development of hybrid and battery electricvehicles. Toyota's,Prius has emerged as the best-selling hybrid car in the world. TesIa Motors, a US-based start-up, has launched its first battery electric vehicle, the Tesla Roadster. By the end of 2010, GM plans to launch its much-touted V olt hybrid, while Chrysler has recently announced similar plans.The Chinese government also has the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program) specifically listed, including hybrid vehicles, including electric cars of major projects. At present, China's independent innovation of new energy vehicles in the process, adhere to the government support to core technology, key components and system integration focusing on the principles established in hybrid electric vehicles, pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles as a "three vertical "Several European countries as well as U.S,Japan,China and others, have recently announced bold plans for the introduction of electric vehicles. These include fiscal incentives, funding research on batteries and electric vehicles and plans for the deployment of a charging infrastructure. Major cities such as London and Paris have announced electric car-sharing systems, while public administrations and companies using large captive fleets are purchasing electric vehicles.At the same time, utilities, car manufacturers, battery producers and academics are joining forces on initiatives such as the EURELECTRIC Task Force on Electric Vehicles and EpoSS, the European TechnologyPlatform on Smart Systems Integration. Together with the European Investment Bank the European Commission has launched the European Green Cars Initiative, with EUR 5 billion partly dedicated to the research, development and manufacturing of batteries and electric cars and to demonstration projects.This flurry of activity seems to indicate that the electric car is heading for a major breakthrough at last - but is it here to stay this time? History calls for caution. The production of electric vehicles began as far back as 1838 – 52 years before combustion engine vehicles. However, after 1913 the mass commercialization of the combustion engine led to a rapid decline in electric vehicles. Attempts to reintroduce electric vehicles in past decades have for the most part been unsuccessful and they still represent a very small, niche market.One of the biggest issues facing the potential take-up of electric vehicles is the rate of improvement in the performance of electric vehicle batteries.The biggest drag on electric vehicle performance comes from the lithium-ion battery, which can add another 220 kilograms to the total weight of a car, versus an ICE-powered vehicle.Since most passenger vehicles in China today are driven in urban areas, where shorter distances and slower speeds are the norm, this may not prove to be as vexing an issue as it is in other markets such as the US or Europe, where the average driving distance and top speed are considerablylonger and higher. Continued research and development into electric battery technology is generating promising improvements in performance. US-based A123Systems,one of the world's largest producers of high-power lithium-ion batteries,Announced a battery capable of powering a car for 200 kilometers between charges. Toshiba recently announced the commercial launch of its Super Charge battery, which can be charged to 90 percent capacity in less than five minutes.Yet today the future looks brighter. A great deal of progress has been made in battery technology and electric vehicles are expected to re-enter the market on a large scale within the next couple of years. Based on a moderate growth scenario, by 2050, electric vehicles could represent more than 60%of new sales and constitute up to 25% of the global car fleet. However, estimates of the extent of future deployment vary greatly, as there is still some uncertainty in relation to the development of technology and future consumer behavior.One of the primary benefits of electric vehicles is, of course, the reduction of Green house gases emitted into the atmosphere. Our calculation of the total carbon abatement potential of alternative power train technologies counted not only the CO2 emissions that vehicles produce, but also emissions produced through out their entire life-cycle, from the CO2 emitted during the generation of electric power through to the transportation of fuel.Over a period of 8 months in 2008, a global McKinsey team studied the passenger vehicle industries in North America, Europe, China, and India. The team examined four power train technology alternatives, chosen on the basis of existing technologies and their near-term commercial feasibility. They contrasted them to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles that run on gasoline or diesel.Full hybrid vehicles: Running primarily on gasoline, full hybrids are powered by a battery during acceleration of the vehicle, but draw most of their power from an internal combustion engine. Full hybrids, equipped with ICE improvement technologies mentioned above, have a life-cycle carbon abatement potential of 56 percent.Compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles: CNG vehicles are normally perceived to be a source of clean energy, but their life cycle carbon abatement potential depends wholly on the source of the gas一the greater the distance the gas needs to be transported, the higher this power train's "well-to-tank" emissions. CNG cars rank close to hybrids in their life-cycle carbon abatement potential at 55 percent, assuming the gas comes from local sources.Electric vehicles: Electric vehicles include plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV). Compared with full hybrids, plug-in hybrid vehicles contain a much bigger battery that can power the vehicle for a longer distance without the aid of an internalcombustion engine, can be recharged by plugging them into standard electric sockets, and derive a smaller proportion of their propulsion from the internal combustion engine. Can be recharged by plugging them into standard electric sockets, and derive a smaller proportion of their propulsion from the internal combustion engine. Battery electric vehicles run solely on battery power without the aid of any internal combustion mechanism. Given reliance on coal-fired plants for electricity.electric vehicles today only have a 19 percent carbon abatement potential over current internal combustion engine technologies; however, this can be increased to as much as 49 percent if diversifies its energy mix towards alternative energy sources for its supply of electric power.Electric vehicles have zero tailpipe emissions, but there are, of course, emissions involved in the production of electricity. As an example,with no concerted action to adopt new power train technologies, the level ofCO2 emissions from passenger cars in China could reach nearly 1.2 billion tons in 2030. However, our research showed that by adopting a mix of various alternative power train technologies, China could cut emissions from passenger vehicles by up to 45 percent. Relative to other power train technologies, electric vehicles demonstrate a some what weaker carbon abatement potential. While full hybrid cars have an abatement potential of 56 percent, electric vehicles' potential stands at 19 percent. This can be explained by the factthat China still relies on coal-fired plants for as much as 85 percent of its electricity supply. This can be explained by the fact that China still relies on coal-fired plants for as much as 85 percent of its electricity supply.It also can blossom into another electric car benefits of electric vehicles is the “displacement “of harmful air pollutants from urban to rural areas, where population exposure is lower. Noise levels are also lower, particularly in urban driving conditions.Another major advantage of electric vehicles is their energy efficiency. With a tank-to-wheel efficiency in the range of 60 to 80 %, they outperform conventional cars four-fold. Generally, electric vehicles show greatest energy savings at low speeds and in situations involving frequently-changing driving dynamics, which is another reason why cities are a prime target market.Electric vehicles will also create opportunities for software developers. Electric vehicles require an electronic interface that informs the driver of the status of the car's vital statistics, from fuel and battery usage, to split-second updates in GPS navigation systems. Venture-backed start-up Better Place is developing a comprehensive information management system it calls AutOS.that will, among other things, inform the driver of the nearest battery-charging stations.While other technologies such as fuel cells hold great promise inreducing CO2 emissions, its commercial application remains years away. Investing in electric vehicles, however, does not mean Chinese OEMs and suppliers should stop their research into other technologies. Rather, they should maintain a balanced technology portfolio, with electric vehicles being a near-term solution, while viewing other technologies such as fuel cells as a potential long-term solution that could yield returns once the technology becomes commercially viable.Thanks to their energy efficiency, and assuming that electricity generation will be even greener in the future, electric vehicles could contribute to a considerable reduction in greenhouse gases. Given the ongoing debate on climate change, this could prove to be an important factor. Indeed, transport is responsible for more than a fifth of the EU’s greenhouse gas emissions and it is the only sector with growing emissions. While the improvement of internal combustion engines still offers considerable potential for reducing emissions per kilometer driven, reductions in greenhouse gas emissions over and above 50 % will require new technological solutions, such as the electric vehicle.Compared to conventional vehicles, and based on the current average European electricity supply, electric vehicles have 50 % less emissions. Further benefits can be achieved if the carbon intensity of power generation continues to decrease with further greener and renewable energy sources.The electric car finally seems to be on the verge of breaking through, offering significant environmental benefits, especially in urban areas. There are, however, still some obstacles related to green electricity supply, the as yet expensive battery technology, the limited driving range and the need for a dense network of electric charging facilities. To overcome these obstacles, innovative business models are being developed to help transform automotive transport.。