ANDA Impurities in Drug Products-中文

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ICH词汇

-- FDA,GMP,ICH临床实验专业英语词汇互译FDA常用词中英对照FDA（food and drug adminisration）：（美国）食品药品监督管理局NDA（new drug application）：新药申请ANDA（abbreviated new drug application）：简化新药申请EP（export application）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）treatment IND：研究中的新药用于治疗abbreviated（new）drug：简化申请的新药DMF（drug master file）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物品。

只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）holder：DMF持有者CFR（code of federal regulation）：（美国）联邦法规PANEL：专家小组batch production：批量生产；分批生产batch production records：生产批号记录post or pre-market surveillance：销售前或销售后监督informed consent：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验）prescription drug：处方药OTC drug（over—the—counter drug）：非处方药U.S. public health service：美国卫生福利部NIH（national institute of health）：（美国）全国卫生研究所animal trail：动物试验accelerated approval：加速批准standard drug：标准药物investigator ：研究人员；调研人员preparing and submitting：起草和申报submission：申报；递交benefit(s)：受益risk（s）：受害drug product：药物产品drug substance：原料药established name：确定的名称generic name：非专利名称proprietary name：专有名称；INN（international nonproprietary nam e）：国际非专有名称narrative summary: 记叙体概要adverse effect：副作用adverse reaction：不良反应protocol：方案archival copy：存档用副本review copy：审查用副本official compendium：法定药典（主要指USP、NF）．USP（the united state pharmacopeia）：美国药典（现已和NF合并一起出版）NF（national formulary）：（美国）国家药品集official＝pharmacopeial = compendial：药典的；法定的；官方的agency：审理部门（指FDA）sponsor：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）identity：真伪；鉴别；特性strength：规格；规格含量（每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量）labeled amount：标示量regulatory specification：质量管理规格标准（NDA提供）regulatory methodology：质量管理方法（FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤）regulatory methods validation：管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA提供的方法进行验证）Dietary supplement：食用补充品ICH（International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirem ents for Registration of P harmaceuticals for Human Use)人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH：Quality-质量Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (Second Revision)新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验（第二版）Q1B: Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的光稳定性试验Q1C: Stability Testing for New Dosage Forms新制剂的稳定性试验Q1D: Bracketing and Matrixing Designs for Stability Testing of Drug Substances and Drug Prod ucts原料药和制剂稳定性试验的交叉和矩阵设计Q1E: Evaluation of Stability Data对稳定性数据的评估处理Q1F: Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in Climatic Zones III and IV在气候带III和IV，药物注册申请所提供的稳定性数据Q2A: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures分析程序的验证Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology分析程序的验证：方法学Q3A(R): Impurities in New Drug Substances (Revised Guideline)新原料药中的杂质（修订版）Q3B(R): Impurities in New Drug Products (Revised Guideline)新制剂中的杂质（修订版）Q3C: Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents杂质：残留溶剂指南Q3C(M): Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents (Maintenance)杂质：残留溶剂指南（修改内容）Q4: Pharmacopoeias药典Q4A: Pharmacopoeial Harmonisation 药典的协调Q4B: Regulatory Acceptance of Pharmacopoeial Interchangeability药典互替在法规上的可接受性Q5A: Viral Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products Derived from Cell Lines of Human or An imal Origin来源于人或者动物细胞系的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评估Q5B: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the Expression Construct in Cells Used fo r Production of r-DNA Derived Protein Products生物技术产品的质量：源于重组DNA的蛋白质产品的生产中所用的细胞中的表达构建分析Q5C: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Stability Testing of Biotechnological/Biolo gical Produc ts生物技术产品的质量：生物技术/生物产品的稳定性试验Q5D: Derivation and Characterisation of Cell Substrates Used for Production of Biotechnological /Biological Products用于生产生物技术/生物产品的细胞底物的起源和特征描述Q5E: Comparability of Biotechnological/Biological Products Subject to Changes in Their Manufact uring Process基于不同生产工艺的生物技术产品/生物产品的可比较性Q6: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的质量规格Q6A: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New Drug Substances and Ne w Drug Products: Chemical Substances质量规格：新原料药和新制剂的检验程序和可接收标准：化学物质Q6B: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for Biotechnological/Biological Pro ducts质量规格：生物技术/生物产品的检验程序和可接收标准-- 作者：月萝兰魂-- 发布时间：2006-12-22 13:34:00--Q7: Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Ingredients活性药物成份的GMPQ7A: Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients活性药物成份的GMP指南Q8: Pharmaceutical Development药物研发Q9: Quality Risk Management质量风险管理ICH：Safety-安全S1A: Guideline on the Need for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究需要的指南S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性的检验S1C: Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究之剂量选择S1C(R): Addendum: Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes附录：极限剂量和有关注释的的补充S2A: Guidance on Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests for Pharmaceuticals受法规管辖的药物基因毒性检验的特定方面的指南S2B: Genotoxicity: A Standard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing for Pharmaceuticals基因毒性：药物基因毒性检验的标准S3A: Note for Guidance on Toxicokinetics: The Assessment of Systemic Exposure in Toxicity St udies毒物代谢动力学指南的注释：毒性研究中的全身性暴露量的评估S3B: Pharmacokinetics: Guidance for Repeated Dose Tissue Distribution Studies药物代谢动力学：重复剂量的组织分布研究指南S4: Single Dose Toxicity Tests单剂量毒性检验S4A: Duration of Chronic Toxicity Testing in Animals (Rodent and Non-Rodent Toxicity Testing) 动物体内慢性毒性持续时间的检验（啮齿动物和非啮齿动物毒性检验）S5A: Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验S5B(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Toxicity to Male Fertility: An Addendum to the G uideline on Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products对男性生殖能力的毒性的指南的变动：药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验指南增加了一个附录S6: Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals生物技术生产的药物的临床前安全评价S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药的安全药理学研究S7B: The Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed Ventricular Repolarization(QT Interval Prolongation) By Human Pharmaceuticals药物延迟心室复极化（QT间期）潜在作用的非临床评价S8: Immunotoxicology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药免疫毒理学研究M3(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Non-Clinical Safety Studies for the Conduct of Hu man Clinical Trials for Pharmaceuticals药物的对人临床试验的非临床安全研究指南的变动E-Efficacy（有效）E1: The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for Drugs Inte nded for Long-Te rm Treatment of Non-Life-Threatening Conditions对用于无生命危险情况下长期治疗的药物进行临床安全评估的族群暴露量范围E2A: Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting临床安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2B(R): Revision of the E2B(M) ICH Guideline on Clinical Safety Data Management Data Elem e nts for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports个案安全报告送交的临床安全数据管理的数据要素指南（E2B（M））的修订版E2B (M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including: Data Elements for Tra nsmission of Individual Case Safety Reports临床安全数据管理的变动包括：个案安全报告送交的数据要素E2B(M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including Questions and Answers 临床安全数据管理的变动，包括问答E2C: Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed Drugs临床安全数据管理：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告Addendum to E2C: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed DrugsE2C的附录：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告E2D: Post-Approval Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reportin g批准后的安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2E: Pharmacovigilance Planning药物警戒计划E3: Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports临床研究报告的结构和内容E4: Dose-Response Information to Support Drug Registration支持药品注册的剂量－效应资料E5: Ethnic Factors in the Acceptability of Foreign Clinical Data引入海外临床数据时要考虑的人种因素E6: Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated GuidelineGCP：良好的临床规范：统一的指南E7: Studies in Support of Special Populations: Geriatrics对特定族群的支持的研究：老人病学E8: General Considerations for Clinical Trials对临床试验的总的考虑E9: Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials临床试验的统计原则E10: Choice of Control Group and Related Issues in Clinical Trials临床试验中控制组和有关课题的选择E11: Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Pediatric Population小儿科药物的临床调查E12A: Principles for Clinical Evaluation of New Antihypertensive Drugs新抗高血压药物的临床评价原则E14: The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for No n-Antiarrhythmic Drugs非抗心率失常药物的QT/QTc 间期和致心率失常潜在作用的临床评价Multidisciplinary Guidelines 多学科兼容的指南M1: Medical Terminology医学术语M2: Electronic Standards for Transmission of Regulatory Information (ESTRI)药政信息传递之电子标准M3: Timing of Pre-clinical Studies in Relation to Clinical Trials (See Safety Topics)有关临床试验的临床前研究的时间安排M4: The Common Technical Document (See CTD section for complete Status of the guidelines) 通用技术文件（见有关CTD章节）M5: Data Elem ents and Standards for Drug Dictionaries药物词典的数据要素和标准临床试验常用的英文缩略语TTP： time-to-progression 疾病进展时间SAE：severity Adverse Event 严重不良事件AE： Adverse Event 不良事件-- 作者：月萝兰魂-- 发布时间：2006-12-22 13:34:00--SOP：Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程CRF：Case Report form 病例报告表DLT：剂量限制毒性MTD：最大耐受剂量KPS：Karnofsky Performance Status行为状态评分CR： complete response完全缓解PR： partial response部分缓解SD：病情稳定PD： progressive disease病情进展CTC：常用药物毒性标准IEC：independent ethics committee 独立伦理委员会IRB ： institutional review board 伦理委员会CRA：临床研究助理CRO： Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织DFS：Disease Free Survival 无病生存期OS：（Overall Survival）总生存时间IC： Informed consent 知情同意ADR：Adverse Drug Reaction 不良反应GAP：Good Agricultural Practice 中药材种植管理规范GCP：Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP：Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验室管理规范GMP：Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范GSP：Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量管理规范GUP：Good Use Practice 药品使用质量管理规范PI ：Principal investigator 主要研究者CI：Co-inveatigator 合作研究者SI ：Sub-investigator 助理研究者COI ：Coordinating investigtor 协调研究者DGMP：医疗器械生产质量管理规范ICF： Informed consent form 知情同意书RCT ： randomized controlled trial, 随机对照试验NRCCT：non-randomized concurrent controlled trial, 非随机同期对照试验EBM：evidence-based m edicine 循证医学RCD： randomized cross-over disgn 随机交叉对照试验HCT： historial control trial, 历史对照研究RECIST：Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. 实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准QC：Quality Control质量控制UADR： Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction，非预期药物不良反应-- 作者：月萝兰魂-- 发布时间：2006-12-22 13:34:00--GMP英语PIC/S的全称为：Pharmaceutical Inspection Convention/Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Sch eme, PIC/S(制药检查草案), 药品检查协会(PIC/S) ,也有人称PIC/S为医药审查会议/合作计划（PIC/S）PIC的权威翻译：药品生产检查相互承认公约API(Active Pharmaceutical Ingrediet) 原料药又称：活性药物组分AirLock 气闸Authorized Person 授权人Batch/Lot 批次Batch Number/Lot-Number 批号；Batch Numbering System 批次编码系统；Batch Records 批记录；Bulk Product 待包装品；Calibration 校正；Clean area洁净区；Consignmecnt（Delivery）托销药品。

FDA常用词中英文对照

FDA常用词中英对照FDA（FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION）：（美国）食品药品管理局IND（INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG）：临床研究申请（指申报阶段,相对于NDA而言）；研究中的新药（指新药开发阶段，相对于新药而言，即临床前研究结束） NDA（NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：新药申请ANDA（ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：简化新药申请EP诉（EXPORT APPLICATION）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）TREATMENT IND：研究中的新药用于治疗ABBREVIATED（NEW）DRUG：简化申请的新药DMF（DRUG MASTER FILE）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物品。

FDA关于ANDA强制降解试验的观点-英文版

Scientific Considerations of Forced degradation Studies in aNda SubmissionsaBStraCta well-designed stress study can provide insight in choos-ing the appropriate formulation for a proposed product prior to intensive formulation development studies. it can prevent re-development or re-validation of a stabil-ity indicating analytical method. this paper outlines the scientific aspects of forced degradation studies that should be considered in relation to aNda submissions. iNtroduCtioNForced degradation is synonymous with stress test-ing and purposeful degradation. Purposeful degra-dation can be a useful tool to predict the stability of a drug substance or a drug product with effects on purity, potency, and safety. it is imperative to know the impurity profile and behavior of a drug substance under various stress conditions. Forced degradation also plays an important role in the development of analytical methods, setting specifications, and design of formulations under the quality-by-design (Qbd) paradigm. the nature of the stress testing depends on the individual drug substance and the type of drug product (e.g., solid oral dosage, lyophilized powders, and liquid formulations) involved (1).the international Conference on Harmonisation (iCH) Q1B guideline provides guidance for perform-ing photostability stress testing; however, there are no additional stress study recommendations in the iCH sta-bility or validation guidelines (2). there is also limited information on the details about the study of oxidation and hydrolysis. the drug substance monographs of analytical Profiles of drug Substances and excipients provide some information with respect to different stress conditions of various drug substances (3).the forced degradation information provided in the abbreviated new drug application (aNda) submissions is often incomplete and in those cases deficiencies are cited. an overview of common deficiencies cited through-out the chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) section of the aNdas has been published (4-6). Some examples of commonly cited deficiencies related to forced degradation studies include the following:• y our d rug s ubstance d oes n ot s how a ny d egrada-tion under any of the stress conditions. Pleaserepeat stress studies to obtain adequate degra-dation. if degradation is not achievable, pleaseprovide your rationale.• P lease note that the conditions employed forstress study are too harsh and that most of yourdrug s ubstance h as d egraded. P lease r epeat y ourstress s tudies u sing m ilder c onditions o r s horterexposure t ime t o g enerate r elevant d egradationproducts.• i t is noted that you have analyzed your stressedsamples as per the assay method conditions.For the related substances method to be sta-bility indicating, the stressed samples shouldbe analyzed using related substances methodconditions.• P lease state the attempts you have made toensure that all the impurities including thedegradation p roducts o f t he u nstressed a nd t hestressed samples are captured by your analyti-cal method.ragine MaheswaranaBout tHe autHorragine Maheswaran, Ph.d., is a CMC reviewer at the office of generic drugs within the office of Pharmaceutical Science, under the uS Food and drug administration’s Center for drug evaluation and research and may be reached by e-mail at ragine.Maheswaran@.[For more author information, go to /bios• P lease provide a list summarizing the amountof d egradation p roducts (known a nd u nknown)in your stressed samples.• P lease verify the peak height requirement ofyour s oftware f or t he p eak p urity d etermination.• P lease e xplain t he m ass i mbalance o f t he s tressedsamples.• P lease identify the degradation products thatare formed due to drug-excipient interactions.• y our photostability study shows that the drugproduct is very sensitive to light. Please explainhow this is reflected in the analytical method,manufacturing process, product handling, etc.in an attempt to minimize deficiencies in the aNda submissions, some general recommendations to conduct forced degradation studies, to report relevant information in the submission, and to utilize the knowledge of forced degradation in developing stability indicating analytical methods, manufacturing process, product handling, and storage are provided in this article.StreSS CoNditioNStypical stress tests include four main degradation mecha-nisms: heat, hydrolytic, oxidative, and photolytic degrada-tion. Selecting suitable reagents such as the concentration of acid, base, or oxidizing agent and varying the conditions (e.g., temperature) and length of exposure can achieve the preferred level of degradation. over-stressing a sample may lead to the formation of secondary degradants that would not be seen in formal shelf-life stability studies and under-stressing may not serve the purpose of stress test-ing. therefore, it is necessary to control the degradation to a desired level. a generic approach for stress testing has been proposed to achieve purposeful degradation that is predictive of long-term and accelerated storage condi-tions (7). the generally recommended degradation varies between 5-20% degradation (7-10). this range covers the generally permissible 10% degradation for small molecule pharmaceutical drug products, for which the stability limit is 90%-110% of the label claim. although there are refer-ences in the literature that mention a wider recommended range (e.g., 10-30%), the more extreme stress conditions often provide data that are confounded with secondary degradation products.PhotostabilityPhotostability testing should be an integral part of stress testing, especially for photo-labile compounds. Some recommended conditions for photostability testing are described in iCH Q1B Photostability testing of New drug Substances and Products (2). Samples of drug substance, and solid/liquid drug product, should be exposed to a minimum of 1.2 million lux hours and 200 watt hours per square meter light. the same samples should be exposed to both white and uv light. to minimize the effect of temperature changes during exposure, tempera-ture control may be necessary. the light-exposed samples should be analyzed for any changes in physical proper-ties such as appearance, clarity, color of solution, and for assay and degradants. the decision tree outlined in the iCH Q1B can be used to determine the photo stability testing conditions for drug products. the product label-ing should reflect the appropriate storage conditions. it is also important to note that the labeling for generic drug products should be concordant with that of the reference listed drug (rld) and with united States Pharmacopeia (uSP) monograph recommendations, as applicable. Heatthermal stress testing (e.g., dry heat and wet heat) should be more strenuous than recommended iCH Q1a accel-erated testing conditions. Samples of solid-state drug substances and drug products should be exposed to dry and wet heat, whereas liquid drug products can be exposed to dry heat. it is recommended that the effect of temperature be studied in 10ºC increments above that for routine accelerated testing, and humidity at 75% rela-tive humidity or greater (1). Studies may be conducted at higher temperatures for a shorter period (10). testing at multiple time points could provide information on the rate of degradation and primary and secondary degrada-tion products. in the event that the stress conditions pro-duce little or no degradation due to the stability of a drug molecule, one should ensure that the stress applied is in excess of the energy applied by accelerated conditions (40º for 6 months) before terminating the stress study. acid and Base Hydrolysisacid and base hydrolytic stress testing can be carried out for drug substances and drug products in solution at ambient temperature or at elevated t emperatures. the selection of the type and concentrations of an acid or a base depends on the stability of the drug substance.a strategy for generating relevant stressed samples for hydrolysis is stated as subjecting the drug substance solution to various pHs (e.g., 2, 7, 10-12) at room tem-perature for two weeks or up to a maximum of 15% degradation (7). Hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid (0.1 M to 1 M) for acid hydrolysis and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide (0.1 M to 1 M) for base hydrolysis are suggested as suitable reagents for hydrolysis (10). For lipophilic drugs, inert co-solvents may be used tosolubilize the drug substance. attention should be given to the functional groups present in the drug molecule when selecting a co-solvent. Prior knowledge of a com-pound can be useful in selecting the stress conditions. For instance, if a compound contains ester functionality and is very labile to base hydrolysis, low concentrations of a base can be used. analysis of samples at various intervals can provide information on the progress of degradation and help to distinguish primary degradants from secondary degradants.oxidationoxidative degradation can be complex. although hydro-gen peroxide is used predominantly because it mimics possible presence of peroxides in excipients, other oxi-dizing agents such as metal ions, oxygen, and radical initiators (e.g., azobisisobutyronitrile, aiBN) can also be used. Selection of an oxidizing agent, its concentration, and conditions depends on the drug substance. Solutions of drug substances and solid/liquid drug products can be subjected to oxidative degradation. it is reported that subjecting the solutions to 0.1%-3% hydrogen peroxide at neutral pH and room temperature for seven days or up to a maximum 20% degradation could potentially generate relevant degradation products (10). Samples can be analyzed at different time intervals to determine the desired level of degradation.different stress conditions may generate the same or different degradants. the type and extent of degradation depend on the functional groups of the drug molecule and the stress conditions.aNalySiS MetHodthe preferred method of analysis for a stability indicating assay is reverse-phase high-performance liquid chroma-tography (HPlC). reverse-phase HPlC is preferred for several reasons, such as its compatibility with aqueous and organic solutions, high precision, sensitivity, and ability to detect polar compounds. Separation of peaks can be carried out by selecting appropriate column type, column temperature, and making adjustment to mobile phase pH. Poorly-retained, highly polar impurities should be resolved from the solvent front. as part of method development, a gradient elution method with varying mobile phase composition (very low organic composi-tion to high organic composition) may be carried out to capture early eluting highly polar compounds and highly retained nonpolar compounds. Stressed samples can also be screened with the gradient method to assess poten-tial elution pattern. Sample solvent and mobile phase should be selected to afford compatibility with the drug substance, potential impurities, and degradants. Stress sample preparation should mimic the sample preparation outlined in the analytical procedure as closely as possible. Neutralization or dilution of samples may be necessary for acid and base hydrolyzed samples. Chromatographic profiles of stressed samples should be compared to those of relevant blanks (containing no active) and unstressed samples to determine the origin of peaks. the blank peaks should be excluded from calculations. the amount of impurities (known and unknown) obtained under each stress condition should be provided along with the chromatograms (full scale and expanded scale show-ing all the peaks) of blanks, unstressed, and stressed samples. additionally, chiral drugs should be analyzed with chiral methods to establish stereochemical purity and stability (11, 12).the analytical method of choice should be sensitive enough to detect impurities at low levels (i.e., 0.05% of the analyte of interest or lower), and the peak responses should fall within the range of detector’s linearity. the analytical method should be capable of capturing all the impurities formed during a formal stability study at or below iCH threshold limits (13, 14). degradation product identifica-tion and characterization are to be performed based on for-mal stability results in accordance with iCH requirements. Conventional methods (e.g., column chromatography) or hyphenated techniques (e.g., lC-MS, lC-NMr) can be used in the identification and characterization of the degradation products. use of these techniques can provide better insight into the structure of the impurities that could add to the knowledge space of potential structural alerts for genotoxicity and the control of such impurities with tighter limits (12-17). it should be noted that structural characterization of degradation products is necessary for those impurities that are formed during formal shelf-life stability studies and are above the qualification threshold limit (13).various detection types can be used to analyze stressed samples such as uv and mass spectroscopy. the detec-tor should contain 3d data capabilities such as diode array detectors or mass spectrometers to be able to detect spectral non-homogeneity. diode array detection also offers the possibility of checking peak profile for multiple wavelengths. the limitation of diode array arises when the uv profiles are similar for analyte peak and impurity or degradant peak and the noise level of the system is high to mask the co-eluting impurities or degradants. Compounds of similar molecular weights and functional groups such as diastereoisomers may exhibit similar uv profiles. in such cases, attempts must be made to modify the chromatographic parameters to achieve necessaryseparation. an optimal wavelength should be selected to detect and quantitate all the potential impurities and degradants. use of more than one wavelength may be necessary, if there is no overlap in the uv profile of an analyte and impurity or degradant peaks. a valuable tool in method development is the overlay of separation signals at different wavelengths to discover dissimilarities in peak profiles.Peak Purity analysisPeak purity is used as an aid in stability indicating meth-od development. the spectral uniqueness of a compound is used to establish peak purity when co-eluting com-pounds are present.Peak purity or peak homogeneity of the peaks of interest of unstressed and stressed samples should be established using spectral information from a diode array detector. when instrument software is used for the determination of spectral purity of a peak, relevant parameters should be set up in accordance with the man-ufacturer’s guidance. attention should be given to the peak height requirement for establishing spectral purity. uv detection becomes non linear at higher absorbance values. thresholds should be set such that co-eluting peaks can be detected. optimum location of reference spectra should also be selected. the ability of the soft-ware to automatically correct spectra for continuously changing solvent background in gradient separations should be ascertained.establishing peak purity is not an absolute proof that the peak is pure and that there is no co-elution with the peak of interest. limitations to peak purity arise when co-eluting peaks are spectrally similar, or below the detec-tion limit, or a peak has no chromophore, or when they are not resolved at all.Mass BalanceMass balance establishes adequacy of a stability indicat-ing method though it is not achievable in all circum-stances. it is performed by adding the assay value and the amounts of impurities and degradants to evaluate the closeness to 100% of the initial value (unstressed assay value) with due consideration of the margin of analytical error (1).Some attempt should be made to establish a mass balance for all stressed samples. Mass imbalance should be explored and an explanation should be provided. varying responses of analyte and impurity peaks due to differences in uv absorption should also be examined by the use of external standards. Potential loss of volatile impurities, formation of non-uv absorbing compounds, formation of early eluants, and potential retention of compounds in the column should be explored. alternate detection techniques such as ri lC/MS may be employed to account for non-uv absorbing degradants. terMiNatioN oF StudyStress testing could be terminated after ensuring adequate exposure to stress conditions. typical a ctivation energy of drug substance molecules varies from 12-24 kcal/mol (18). a compound may not necessarily degrade under every single stress condition, and general guideline on exposure limit is cited in a review article (10). in cir-cumstances where some stable drugs do not show any degradation under any of the stress conditions, specificity of an analytical method can be established by spiking the drug substance or placebo with known impurities and establishing adequate separation.otHer CoNSideratioNSStress testing may not be necessary for drug substances and drug products that have pharmacopeial methods and are used within the limitations outlined in uSP <621>. in the case where a generic drug product uses a different polymorphic form from the rld, the drug substance should be subjected to stress testing to evaluate the physiochemical changes of the polymorphic form because different polymorphic forms may exhibit dif-ferent stability characteristics.ForCed degradatioNiN QBd ParadigMa systematic process of manufacturing quality drug prod-ucts that meet the predefined targets for the critical quality attributes (CQa) necessitates the use of knowledge obtained in forced degradation studies.a well-designed, forced degradation study is indis-pensable for analytical method development in a Qbd paradigm. it helps to establish the specificity of a stability indicating method and to predict potential degradation products that could form during formal stability studies. incorporating all potential impurities in the analytical method and establishing the peak purity of the peaks of interest helps to avoid unnecessary method re-development and revalidation.Knowledge of chemical behavior of drug substances under various stress conditions can also provide useful information regarding the selection of excipients for formu-lation development. excipient compatibility is an integral part of understanding potential formulation interactions during product development and is a key part of product understanding. degradation products due to drug-excipi-ent interaction or drug-drug interaction in combina-tion products can be examined by stressing samples of drug substance, drug product, and placebo separately and comparing the impurity profiles. information obtained regarding drug-related peaks and non-drug-related peaks can be used in the selection and devel-opment of more stable formulations. For instance, if a drug substance is labile to oxidation, addition of an antioxidant may be considered for the formulation. For drug substances that are labile to acid or undergo stereochemical conversion in acidic medium, delayed-release formulations may be necessary. acid/base hydrolysis testing can also provide useful insight in the formulation of drug products that are liquids or suspensions.Knowledge gained in forced degradation studies can facilitate improvements in the manufacturing process. if a photostability study shows a drug substance to be photolabile, caution should be taken during the manufacturing process of the drug product. useful information regarding process development (e.g., wet versus dry processing, temperature selection) can be obtained from thermal stress testing of drug substance and drug product.additionally, increased scientific understanding of degradation products and mechanisms may help to determine the factors that could contribute to stability failures such as ambient temperature, humidity, and light. appropriate selection of packaging materials can be made to protect against such factors. CoNCluSioNan appropriately-designed stress study meshes well with the Qbd approaches currently being promoted in the pharmaceutical industry. a well-designed stress study can provide insight in choosing the appropriate formulation for a proposed product prior to inten-sive formulation development studies. a thorough knowledge of degradation, including mechanistic understanding of potential degradation pathways, is the basis of a Qbd approach for analytical method development and is crucial in setting acceptance criteria for shelf-life monitoring. Stress testing can provide useful insight into the selection of physical form, stereochemical stability of a drug substance, packaging, and storage conditions. it is important to perform stress testing for generic drugs due to allowable qualitative and quantitative differences in formulation with respect to the rld, selection of manufacturing process, processing parameters, and packaging materials.reFereNCeS1. iCH, Q1a(r2) Stability testing of New drug Substances andProducts, geneva, February 2003.2. iCH, Q1B Stability testing: Photostability testing of New drugSubstances and Products, geneva, November 1996.3. H. Brittain, analytical Profiles of drug Substances and excipients,academic Press, london.4. a. Srinivasan and r. iser, Pharm. technol. 34(1), 50-59, 2010.5. a. Srinivasan, r. iser, and d. gill, Pharm. technol. 34(8), 45-51, 2010.6. a. Srinivasan, r. iser, and d. gill, Pharm. technol. 35(2), 58-67, 2011.7. S. Klick, et al., Pharm.technol. 29(2) 48-66, 2005.8. K. M. alsante, l. Martin and S. w. Baertschi, Pharm.technol.27(2) 60-72, 2003.9. d. w. reynolds, K. l. Facchine, J. F. Mullaney, K. M. alsante,t. d. Hatajik, and M. g. Motto, Pharm.technol. 26(2), 48-56, 2002.10. K. M. alsante, a. ando, r. Brown, J. ensing, t. d. Hatajik, w.Kong, and y. tsuda, advanced drug delivery reviews 59, 29-37 (2007).11. Fda, guidance for industry on analytical Procedures and methodsvalidation Chemistry, Manufacturing, and C ontrols documenta-tion (draft), rockville, Md, august 2000.12. iCH, Q6a: Specifications: test Procedures and acceptance Crite-ria for New drug Substances and New drug Products: Chemical Substances, geneva, october 1999.13. iCH, Q3a(r2) impurities in New drug Substances, geneva,october 2006.14. iCH, Q3B(r2) impurities in New drug Products, geneva, June2006.15. Fda, guidance for industry aNdas: impurities in drug Sub-stances (draft), rockville, Md, august 2005.16. Fda, guidance for industry aNdas: impurities in drug Products(draft), rockville, Md, November 2010.17. eMea, guideline on the limits of genotoxic impurities, Com-mittee for Medical Products for Human use (CHMP) (doc. ref eMea/CHMP/QwP/251344/2006), Jan. 1, 2007.18. K. a. Conners et al., Chemical Stability of Pharmaceuticals,wiley and Sons, New york, New york, 2nd ed., 1986) p.19.JvtaCKNowledgMeNtS aNd diSClaiMerthe author would like to thank Bob iser, Naiqi ya, dave Skanchy, Bing wu, and ashley Jung for their scientific input and support.disclaimer: the views and opinions in this articleare only those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the uS Food and drug administration.。

FDA新指南：仿制药(原料药)中的杂质研究(英文)

ANDAs: Impurities in DrugSubstancesU.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesFood and Drug AdministrationCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)June 2009Office of Generic DrugsRevision 1ANDAs: Impurities in DrugSubstancesAdditional copies are available from:Office of CommunicationDivision of Drug Information, WO51, Room 2201Center for Drug Evaluation and ResearchFood and Drug Administration10903 New Hampshire Ave.Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002Phone: 301-796-3400; Fax: 301-847-8715druginfo@U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesFood and Drug AdministrationCenter for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)June 2009Office of Generic DrugsRevision 1TABLE OF CONTENTSI.INTRODUCTION (1)II.BACKGROUND (2)III.LISTING IMPURITIES AND SETTING ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR IMPURITIES IN DRUG SUBSTANCE SPECIFICATIONS (2)A. Listing Impurities in Drug Substance Specifications (2)B. Setting Acceptance Criteria for Impurities (3)IV.QUALIFICATION OF IMPURITIES (4)A. Qualification Thresholds (5)B. Qualification Procedures (5)1. Comparative Analytical Studies (5)2. Scientific Literature and Significant Metabolites (5)3. Toxicity Studies (5)ATTACHMENT: IDENTIFICATION AND QUALIFICATION OF IMPURITIES IN DRUG SUBSTANCES (7)Guidance for Industry1ANDAs: Impurities in Drug SubstancesThis guidance represents the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) current thinking on this topic. It does not create or confer any rights for or on any person and does not operate to bind FDA or the public. You can use an alternative approach if the approach satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations. If you want to discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA staff responsible for implementing this guidance. If you cannot identify the appropriate FDA staff, call the appropriate number listed on the title page of this guidance.I. INTRODUCTIONThis guidance provides revised recommendations on what chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) information to include regarding the reporting, identification, and qualification of impurities in drug substances produced by chemical synthesis when submitting2: • Original abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs)• Drug master files (DMFs) including type II DMFs• ANDA supplements for changes in the synthesis or processing of a drug substanceThe guidance also provides recommendations for establishing acceptance criteria for impurities in drug substances.The following types of drug substances are not covered in this guidance:• Biological/biotechnological• Peptide• Oligonucleotide• Radiopharmaceutical• Fermentation products• Semisynthetic products derived from fermentation products• Herbal products• Crude products of animal or plant originFDA’s guidance documents, including this guidance, do not establish legally enforceable responsibilities. Instead, guidances describe the Agency’s current thinking on a topic and should1 This guidance was prepared by the Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Pharmaceutical Science, in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research at the Food and Drug Administration.2 See 21 CFR 314.94(a)(9).be viewed only as recommendations, unless specific regulatory or statutory requirements are cited. The use of the word should in Agency guidances means that something is suggested or recommended, but not required.II.BACKGROUNDIn November 1999, FDA published the first version of this guidance. As a result of changes to recommendations on impurities in drug substances for new drug applications (NDAs), which the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) included in the guidance for industry on Q3A Impurities in New Drug Substances (Revision 1) (Q3A(R)) in 2003, we began an effort to revise this guidance for ANDAs.3 On January 31, 2005 (70 FR 4857), FDA announced the availability of a draft revision for public comment. The comment period closed on June 6, 2005. A number of comments were received, which the agency considered carefully as it began the process of finalizing the guidance.FDA believes that much of the content of the Q3A(R) guidance applies to ANDAs. See especially sections I through V and the Attachment, Thresholds.4III.LISTING IMPURITIES AND SETTING ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR IMPURITIES IN DRUG SUBSTANCE SPECIFICATIONSApplicants submitting ANDAs, DMFs, including type II DMFs, and ANDA supplements for changes in the synthesis or processing of a drug substance are required to submit the specifications necessary to ensure the identity, strength, quality, and purity of the drug substance.5 Submissions should list impurities and set acceptance criteria for those impurities in the drug substance specifications.A. Listing Impurities in Drug Substance SpecificationsWe recommend that the specifications for a drug substance include a list of impurities. Stability studies, chemical development studies, and routine batch analyses can be used to predict those impurities likely to occur in the commercial product. It is important that the list of impurities for the drug substance specification be based on impurities found in the batch(es) manufactured by the proposed commercial process.3 CDER guidance documents can be found on the Internet at/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htm. We update guidances periodically. To make sure you have the most recent version of a guidance, check the CDER guidance Web site.4 Please note that in June 2008, FDA published a second revision of ICH Q3A(R) that updated an attachment that is not needed in the ANDA guidance.5 21 CFR 314.50(d)(1)(i).Applicants should also include in their submission a rationale for the inclusion or exclusion of impurities in the drug substance specification. It is important that the rationale include a discussion of the impurity profiles observed in the batch(es) under consideration, together with a consideration of the impurity profile of the batch(es) manufactured by the proposed commercial process.In this guidance, individual impurities with a specific acceptance criterion that are included in the specification for a drug substance are referred to as specified impurities. Specified impurities can be identified or unidentified. We recommend that specified identified impurities be included in the list of impurities along with specified unidentified impurities that are estimated to be present at a level greater than the identification threshold given in Q3A(R). For impurities known to be unusually potent or to produce toxic or unexpected pharmacological effects, we recommend that the quantitation and/or detection limit of the analytical procedures correspond to the level at which the impurities are expected to be controlled.When specified unidentified impurities are listed in the drug substance specification, we recommend that applicants also describe the identification efforts attempted and clearly state the procedure used and assumptions made in establishing the level of the impurity. It is important that specified unidentified impurities be referred to by an appropriate qualitative analytical descriptive label (e.g., unidentified A, unidentified with relative retention of 0.9). We recommend that you also include general acceptance criteria of not more than the identification threshold for any unspecified impurity and the acceptance criteria for total impurities (see Attachment 1, Q3A(R)).Where applicable, the drug substance specification should include a list of the following types of impurities:•Organic impurities− Each specified identified impurity− Each specified unidentified impurity− Any unspecified impurity with an acceptance criterion of not more than (≤) the identification threshold in Attachment 1, Q3A(R)− Total impurities• Residual solvents• Inorganic impuritiesB. Setting Acceptance Criteria for ImpuritiesIn establishing impurity acceptance criteria, the first critical consideration is whether an impurity is specified in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP). If there is a monograph in the USP that includes a limit for a specified impurity, we recommend that the acceptance criterion be set no higher than the official compendial limit.However, if the level of a specified impurity is above the level specified in the USP, we recommend qualification. Then, if appropriate qualification has been achieved, an applicant can petition the USP for revision of the acceptance criterion.If a limit for a specified impurity does not exist in the USP, we recommend that you qualify the impurity by comparing it to the observed amounts of the impurity in the reference listed drug product (RLD). Your acceptance criterion should be similar to the level observed in the RLD. Alternatively, the acceptance criterion may be set based on a qualified level that is justified by scientific literature, metabolite data, or toxicity studies.In some circumstances, the acceptance criterion may need to be set lower than the qualified level to ensure drug substance quality. For example, if the level of a metabolite impurity is too high, other quality attributes, like potency, could be seriously affected. In this case, we recommend that the impurity acceptance criterion be set lower than the qualified level.Acceptance criteria for unspecified impurities in ANDAs should be set not to exceed the identification threshold in Attachment 1, Q3A(R), even in the case when higher acceptance criteria for unspecified (other) impurities are listed in the USP monograph. If the acceptance criteria for unspecified (other) impurities in the USP monograph are lower than the identification threshold in Attachment 1, Q3A(R), the acceptance criteria for unspecified impurities should be set to the USP level.IV. QUALIFICATION OF IMPURITIESQualification is the process of acquiring and evaluating data that establish the biological safety of an individual impurity or a given impurity profile at the level(s) being considered. When appropriate, we recommend that applicants provide a rationale for establishing impurity acceptance criteria that includes safety considerations.An impurity is considered qualified when it meets one or more of the following conditions: •The observed level and proposed acceptance criterion for the impurity do not exceed the level observed in the reference listed drug product.•The impurity is a significant metabolite of the drug substance.•The observed level and the proposed acceptance criterion for the impurity are adequately justified by the scientific literature.•The observed level and proposed acceptance criterion for the impurity do not exceed the level that has been adequately evaluated in toxicity studies.Although Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships (QSAR) programs may be used for predicting the toxicity of an individual impurity or a given impurity profile, the results are not generally considered conclusive for qualification purposes.A. QualificationThresholdsRecommended qualification thresholds6 based on the maximum daily dose of the drug substance are provided in Q3A(R). When these qualification thresholds are exceeded, we recommend that impurity levels be qualified. In some cases, it may be appropriate to increase or decrease the threshold for qualifying impurities. For example, when there is evidence that an impurity in certain drug classes or therapeutic classes has previously been associated with adverse reactions in patients, it may be important to establish a lower qualification threshold. Conversely, a higher threshold for qualifying impurities may be appropriate when the concern for safety is low. Therefore, we will consider proposals for alternative qualification thresholds on a case-by-case basis after considering issues such as patient population, drug class effects, and historical safety data.ProceduresB. QualificationThe decision tree in the Attachment to this guidance describes what to consider for the qualification of an impurity when the usual qualification threshold recommended in Q3A(R) is exceeded. In some cases, decreasing the level of the impurity below the threshold rather than providing additional data can be the simplest course of action. Alternatively, adequate data could be available in the scientific literature to qualify the impurity. The studies considered appropriate to qualify the impurity will depend on a number of factors, including the patient population, daily dose, and route and duration of drug administration. Such studies can be conducted on the drug substance containing the impurities to be controlled, although studies using isolated impurities can sometimes be appropriate. The following are descriptions of methods for qualifying impurities.1. Comparative Analytical StudiesAn impurity present in a drug substance covered by an ANDA can be qualified by comparing the analytical profiles of the drug substance with those in the RLD using the same validated, stability-indicating analytical procedure (e.g., comparative HPLC studies).A specified impurity present in the ANDA drug substance is considered qualified if the amount of the impurity in the ANDA drug substance is similar to the levels observed in the RLD.2. Scientific Literature and Significant MetabolitesIf the level of the specified identified impurity is adequately justified by the scientific literature, no further qualification is considered necessary. In addition, an impurity that is also a significant metabolite of the drug substance is generally considered qualified.Studies3. Toxicity6Qualification threshold is defined as a limit above (>) which an impurity should be qualified.Toxicity tests are the least preferred method to qualify impurities. We recommend the tests be used only when impurities cannot be qualified by either of the above procedures (section IV.B.1 or 2). The tests are designed to detect compounds that induce general toxic or genotoxic effects in experimental systems. If performed, such studies should be conducted on the drug product or drug substance containing the impurities to be controlled, although studies using isolated impurities may also be used.Is impurity greater than identification threshold a ?Yes No No actionAny Yes known human Yes identified? relevant risks b ? NoGreater than qualification Yes No further threshold a ?actionYes Reduce No to not more than (≤) qualification threshold a ? Yes Yes Is the impurity observed in the reference listed drug product at a similar level or is it adequately qualified by other acceptable approaches c ? NoConsider patient population and duration of use ATTACHMENT: IDENTIFICATION AND QUALIFICATION OF IMPURITIES INDRUG SUBSTANCES如果想要下载更多的资源请百度一下药智论坛Contains Nonbinding RecommendationsNotes on the Attachmenta Lower thresholds can be appropriate if the impurity is unusually toxic.b For example, do known safety data for this impurity or its structural class require no human exposure at the observed level?c A difference from Q3A(R), Attachment 3, is that an impurity is considered qualified for an ANDA when one or more of the following conditions are met:•The observed level and proposed acceptance criterion for the impurity do not exceed the level justified by the reference listed drug product.•The impurity is a significant metabolite of the drug substance.•The observed level and the proposed acceptance criterion for the impurity are adequately justified by the scientific literature.•The observed level and proposed acceptance criterion for the impurity do not exceed the level that has been adequately evaluated in toxicity studies.d If appropriate, a minimum screen (e.g., genotoxic potential) should be conducted. A study to detect point mutations and one to detect chromosomal aberrations, both in vitro, are considered an appropriate minimum screen.e If general toxicity studies are appropriate, one or more studies should be designed to allow comparison of unqualified to qualified material. The study duration should be based on available relevant information and performed in the species most likely to maximize the potential for detecting the toxicity of an impurity. On a case-by-case basis, single dose studies can be appropriate, especially for single dose drugs. In general, a minimum duration of 14 days and a maximum duration of 90 days would be considered appropriate.8本资料由药智论坛收集整理，仅供学习使用，任何单位或个人不得用于商业用途。

FDA常用词汇翻译

FDA（FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION）：（美国）食品药品管理局IND（INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG）：临床研究申请（指申报阶段,相对于NDA而言）；研究中的新药（指新药开发阶段，相对于新药而言，即临床前研究结束）NDA（NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：新药申请ANDA（ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：简化新药申请EP诉（EXPORT APPLICATION）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）TREATMENT IND：研究中的新药用于治疗ABBREVIATED（NEW）DRUG：简化申请的新药DMF（DRUG MASTER FILE）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物品。

FDA有关术语中英对照

FDA（FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION）：（美国）食品药品管理局IND（INVESTIGATIONAL NEW DRUG）：临床研究申请（指申报阶段,相对于NDA 而言）；研究中的新药（指新药开发阶段，相对于新药而言，即临床前研究结束）NDA（NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：新药申请ANDA（ABBREVIATED NEW DRUG APPLICATION）：简化新药申请EP诉（EXPORT APPLICATION）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）TREATMENT IND：研究中的新药用于治疗ABBREVIATED（NEW）DRUG：简化申请的新药DMF（DRUG MASTER FILE）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物品。

制药行业一些英语词汇总结

制药行业一些英语词汇总结FDA（Food and drug administration ）：（美国国家）食品药品管理局IND（Investigation new drug）：临床研究申请（指申报阶段，相对于NDA而言）；研究中的新药（指新药开发阶段，相对于新药而言，即临床前研究结束）NDA（New drug application）：新药申请ANDA（Abbreviated New drug application）：简化新药申请EP诉（Export application）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）Treatment IND：研究中的新药用于治疗Abbreviated New drug：简化申请的新药DMF（Drug master file）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所及的设备、生产过程或物品。

只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）Holder：DMF持有者CFR（Code of federal regulation）：（美国）联邦法规Panel：专家小组Batch production：批量生产；分批生产Batch production records：生产批号记录Post-or Pre- market surveillance：销售前或销售后监督Informed consent：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验）Prescription drug：处方药OTC drug（over—the—counter drug）：非处方药U．S．Public Health Service：美国卫生福利部NIH（NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH）：（美国）全国卫生研究所Clinical trial：临床试验Animal trial：动物试验Accelerated approval：加速批准Standard drug：标准药物Investigator：研究人员；调研人员Preparing and Submitting：起草和申报Submission：申报；递交Benefit（S）：受益Risk (S）：受害Drug substance：原料药Established name：确定的名称Generic name：非专利名称Proprietary name：专有名称；INN（international nonproprietary name）：国际非专有名称Narrative summary记叙体概要Adverse effect：副作用Adverse reaction：不良反应Archival copy：存档用副本Review copy：审查用副本Official compendium：法定药典（主要指USP、NF）．USP（The united states Pharmacopeia）：美国药典（现已和NF合并一起出版）NF（National formulary）：（美国）国家药品集OFFICIAL＝Pharmacopeia = COMPENDIAL：药典的；法定的；官方的Agency：审理部门（指FDA等）Sponsor：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）Identity：真伪；鉴别；特性Strength：规格；规格含量（每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量）Labeled amount：标示量Regulatory specification：质量管理规格标准（NDA 提供）Regulatory methodology：质量管理方法（FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤）Regulatory methods validation：管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA提供的方法进行验证）Dietary supplement：食用补充品COS/CEP 欧洲药典符合性认证ICH （International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals forHuman Use)人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议Acceptance Criteria: 接收标准(接收测试结果的数字限度、范围或其它合适的量度标准) Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) (or Drug Substance): 活性药用成分(原料药)旨在用于药品制造中的任何一种物质或物质的混合物，而且在用于制药时，成为药品的一种活性成分。

106FDA关于仿制药申请中原料药杂质研究的指导原则(讨论稿)介绍

发布日期20060228栏目化药药物评价>>化药质量控制标题FDA关于仿制药申请中原料药杂质研究的指导原则（讨论稿）介绍作者史继峰部门正文内容审评七室史继峰摘要：本文主要介绍了FDA关于仿制药杂质研究的最新指导原则。

该指导原则对1999年版的同名指导原则进行了修订，文中对仿制药的杂质研究及限度控制进行了详细阐述。

介绍该指导原则，希对我国仿制药研制有一些提示。

关键字：FDA 仿制药杂质研究指导原则仿制药申请：原料药杂质研究指导原则（讨论稿）于2005年1月28日在FDA网站发布。

FDA对1999年版同名指导原则进行修订是基于以下两点考虑：其一，为了与2003年ICH修订的Q3A（R）“新药原料药杂质研究指导原则”相一致，对仿制药申请（ANDAs）同名指导原则中的“杂质列表、可接受的标准及杂质的合理控制（限度与方法）内容进行更新。

其二，删除1999年版指导原则中与Q3A（R）叙述重复的部分（如杂质分类、分析过程及方法等等）。

限于篇幅，本文仅对其最重要部分“杂质的合理控制（QUALIFICATIONS OF IMPURITIES）”（原文第四部分）作介绍。

杂质的合理控制（QUALIFICATIONS OF IMPURITIES）A 质控限度的考虑ICH Q3A (R)中推荐的“质控限度”是根据原料药每日剂量来制订的。

如果所制订的限度超过该限度值，就必须提供所订限度的合理性依据。

某些情况下，“质控限度”可调高或降低。

比如，当有证据表明某药物中的杂质与副作用相关，就很有必要降低该杂质限度。

相反，如果杂质与安全性无多大关联，杂质限度值可以设定高一些。

FDA会根据患者人群、药物分类及历史数据等因素考虑申请者对杂质限度的调整。

B 杂质限度的研究方法如果杂质水平超过了ICH Q3A(R)中推荐的“质控限度”，那么可以参考附录1中的决策树来制订杂质的合理限度。

一般情况下，与其提供额外的论证资料还不如把杂质水平控制在限度值以下更为简便。

医药常用英语单词及缩写

FDA（food and drug adminisration）：（美国）食品药品监督管理局NDA（new drug application）：新药申请ANDA（abbreviated new drug application）：简化新药申请EP（export application）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）treatment IND：研究中的新药用于治疗abbreviated（new）drug：简化申请的新药DMF（drug master file）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物品。

只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）holder：DMF持有者CFR（code of federal regulation）：（美国）联邦法规PANEL：专家小组batch production：批量生产；分批生产batch production records：生产批号记录post or pre-market surveillance：销售前或销售后监督informed consent：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验）prescription drug：处方药OTC drug（over—the—counter drug）：非处方药U.S. public health service：美国卫生福利部NIH（national institute of health）：（美国）全国卫生研究所animal trail：动物试验accelerated approval：加速批准standard drug：标准药物investigator ：研究人员；调研人员preparing and submitting：起草和申报submission：申报；递交benefit(s)：受益risk（s）：受害drug product：药物产品drug substance：原料药established name：确定的名称generic name：非专利名称proprietary name：专有名称；INN（international nonproprietary name）：国际非专有名称narrative summary: 记叙体概要adverse effect：副作用adverse reaction：不良反应protocol：方案archival copy：存档用副本review copy：审查用副本official compendium：法定药典（主要指USP、NF）．USP（the united state pharmacopeia）：美国药典（现已和NF合并一起出版）NF（national formulary）：（美国）国家药品集official＝pharmacopeial = compendial：药典的；法定的；官方的agency：审理部门（指FDA）sponsor：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）identity：真伪；鉴别；特性strength：规格；规格含量（每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量）labeled amount：标示量regulatory specification：质量管理规格标准（NDA提供）regulatory methodology：质量管理方法（FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤）regulatory methods validation：管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA提供的方法进行验证）Dietary supplement：食用补充品ICH（International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH：Quality-质量Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (Second Revision)新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验（第二版）Q1B: Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的光稳定性试验Q1C: Stability Testing for New Dosage Forms新制剂的稳定性试验Q1D: Bracketing and Matrixing Designs for Stability Testing of DrugSubstances and Drug Products原料药和制剂稳定性试验的交叉和矩阵设计Q1E: Evaluation of Stability Data对稳定性数据的评估处理Q1F: Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in ClimaticZones III and IV在气候带III和IV，药物注册申请所提供的稳定性数据Q2A: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures分析程序的验证Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology分析程序的验证：方法学Q3A(R): Impurities in New Drug Substances (Revised Guideline)新原料药中的杂质（修订版）Q3B(R): Impurities in New Drug Products (Revised Guideline)新制剂中的杂质（修订版）Q3C: Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents杂质：残留溶剂指南Q3C(M): Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents (Maintenance)杂质：残留溶剂指南（修改内容）Q4: Pharmacopoeias药典Q4A: Pharmacopoeial Harmonisation 药典的协调Q4B: Regulatory Acceptance of Pharmacopoeial Interchangeability药典互替在法规上的可接受性Q5A: Viral Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products Derived from Cell Lines of Human or Animal Origin来源于人或者动物细胞系的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评估Q5B: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the ExpressionConstruct in Cells Used for Production of r-DNA Derived Protein Products 生物技术产品的质量：源于重组DNA的蛋白质产品的生产中所用的细胞中的表达构建分析Q5C: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Stability Testing ofBiotechnological/Biological Products生物技术产品的质量：生物技术/生物产品的稳定性试验Q5D: Derivation and Characterisation of Cell Substrates Used forProduction of Biotechnological/Biological Products用于生产生物技术/生物产品的细胞底物的起源和特征描述Q5E: Comparability of Biotechnological/Biological Products Subject to Changes in Their Manufacturing Process基于不同生产工艺的生物技术产品/生物产品的可比较性Q6: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的质量规格Q6A: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New DrugSubstances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances质量规格：新原料药和新制剂的检验程序和可接收标准：化学物质Q6B: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria forBiotechnological/Biological Products质量规格：生物技术/生物产品的检验程序和可接收标准Q7: Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Ingredients活性药物成份的GMPQ7A: Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active PharmaceuticalIngredients活性药物成份的GMP指南Q8: Pharmaceutical Development药物研发Q9: Quality Risk Management质量风险管理ICH：Safety-安全S1A: Guideline on the Need for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究需要的指南S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性的检验S1C: Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究之剂量选择S1C(R): Addendum: Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes附录：极限剂量和有关注释的的补充S2A: Guidance on Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests for Pharmaceuticals受法规管辖的药物基因毒性检验的特定方面的指南S2B: Genotoxicity: A Standard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing forPharmaceuticals基因毒性：药物基因毒性检验的标准S3A: Note for Guidance on Toxicokinetics: The Assessment of Systemic Exposure in Toxicity Studies毒物代谢动力学指南的注释：毒性研究中的全身性暴露量的评估S3B: Pharmacokinetics: Guidance for Repeated Dose Tissue Distribution Studies药物代谢动力学：重复剂量的组织分布研究指南S4: Single Dose Toxicity Tests单剂量毒性检验S4A: Duration of Chronic Toxicity Testing in Animals (Rodent andNon-Rodent Toxicity Testing)动物体内慢性毒性持续时间的检验（啮齿动物和非啮齿动物毒性检验）S5A: Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验S5B(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Toxicity to Male Fertility: An Addendum to the Guideline on Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction forMedicinal Products对男性生殖能力的毒性的指南的变动：药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验指南增加了一个附录S6: Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals生物技术生产的药物的临床前安全评价S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药的安全药理学研究S7B: The Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed Ventricular Repolarization(QT Interval Prolongation) By Human Pharmaceuticals药物延迟心室复极化（QT间期）潜在作用的非临床评价S8: Immunotoxicology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药免疫毒理学研究M3(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Non-Clinical Safety Studies forthe Conduct of Human Clinical Trials for Pharmaceuticals药物的对人临床试验的非临床安全研究指南的变动E-Efficacy（有效）E1: The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for Drugs Intended for Long-Term Treatment of Non-Life-Threatening Conditions 对用于无生命危险情况下长期治疗的药物进行临床安全评估的族群暴露量范围E2A: Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting临床安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2B(R): Revision of the E2B(M) ICH Guideline on Clinical Safety DataManagement Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports个案安全报告送交的临床安全数据管理的数据要素指南（E2B（M））的修订版E2B (M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including: Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports临床安全数据管理的变动包括：个案安全报告送交的数据要素E2B(M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including Questions and Answers临床安全数据管理的变动，包括问答E2C: Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports forMarketed Drugs临床安全数据管理：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告Addendum to E2C: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed Drugs E2C的附录：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告E2D: Post-Approval Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting批准后的安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2E: Pharmacovigilance Planning药物警戒计划E3: Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports临床研究报告的结构和内容E4: Dose-Response Information to Support Drug Registration支持药品注册的剂量－效应资料E5: Ethnic Factors in the Acceptability of Foreign Clinical Data引入海外临床数据时要考虑的人种因素E6: Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated GuidelineGCP：良好的临床规范：统一的指南E7: Studies in Support of Special Populations: Geriatrics对特定族群的支持的研究：老人病学E8: General Considerations for Clinical Trials对临床试验的总的考虑E9: Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials临床试验的统计原则E10: Choice of Control Group and Related Issues in Clinical Trials临床试验中控制组和有关课题的选择E11: Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the PediatricPopulation小儿科药物的临床调查E12A: Principles for Clinical Evaluation of New Antihypertensive Drugs 新抗高血压药物的临床评价原则E14: The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation andProarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs非抗心率失常药物的QT/QTc 间期和致心率失常潜在作用的临床评价Multidisciplinary Guidelines 多学科兼容的指南M1: Medical Terminology医学术语M2: Electronic Standards for Transmission of Regulatory Information (ESTRI)药政信息传递之电子标准M3: Timing of Pre-clinical Studies in Relation to Clinical Trials (SeeSafety Topics)有关临床试验的临床前研究的时间安排M4: The Common Technical Document (See CTD section for complete Status ofthe guidelines)通用技术文件（见有关CTD章节）M5: Data Elements and Standards for Drug Dictionaries药物词典的数据要素和标准临床试验常用的英文缩略语TTP：time-to-progression 疾病进展时间SAE：severity Adverse Event 严重不良事件AE：Adverse Event 不良事件SOP：Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程CRF：Case Report form 病例报告表DLT：剂量限制毒性MTD：最大耐受剂量KPS：Karnofsky Performance Status行为状态评分CR：complete response完全缓解PR：partial response部分缓解SD：病情稳定PD：progressive disease病情进展CTC：常用药物毒性标准IEC：independent ethics committee 独立伦理委员会IRB ：institutional review board 伦理委员会CRA：临床研究助理CRO：Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织DFS：Disease Free Survival 无病生存期OS：（Overall Survival）总生存时间IC：Informed consent 知情同意ADR：Adverse Drug Reaction 不良反应GAP：Good Agricultural Practice 中药材种植管理规范GCP：Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP：Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验室管理规范GMP：Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范GSP：Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量管理规范GUP：Good Use Practice 药品使用质量管理规范PI ：Principal investigator 主要研究者CI：Co-inveatigator 合作研究者SI ：Sub-investigator 助理研究者COI ：Coordinating investigtor 协调研究者DGMP：医疗器械生产质量管理规范ICF：Informed consent form 知情同意书RCT ：randomized controlled trial, 随机对照试验NRCCT：non-randomized concurrent controlled trial, 非随机同期对照试验EBM：evidence-based medicine 循证医学RCD：randomized cross-over disgn 随机交叉对照试验HCT：historial control trial, 历史对照研究RECIST：Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. 实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准QC：Quality Control质量控制UADR：Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction，非预期药物不良反应。

anda以和仿制药业务

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Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited
Income statement
All numbers in thousand
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Registration File
第一个别：综述资料 A．行政信息 B．产品特征综述 C．教授汇报
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Registration File
第二个别：化学、药学和生物学信息 A. 配方详细内容 B. 生产方法描述 C. 起始物料描述 D. TSE特殊检测 E. 生产中间过程控制 F. 最终产品检验 G. 稳定性试验
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Why so many Mergers and Acquisitions?
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anda以和仿制药业务
Global leaders in generic business
Teva; 11% global market Sandoz; 9% Mylan; 8% Ranbaxy; Dr.Reddy Reliance Biocon
第二个层次是国际规范市场制剂企业，
主要有以色列Teva、德国山德士、美国Mylan、加拿大 Apotex、德国Ratiopharm、美国Watson等。这些企业大多数以生产品牌仿制药为主，在全球尤其是高端市场凭借上乘产品质量，较广业务范围和稳定客户源，不停巩固其市场地位，并正有意识地向研发创新方向发展，延伸其产品价值链

医药常用英语单词及缩写

只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）holder：DMF持有者CFR（code of federal regulation）：（美国）联邦法规PANEL：专家小组batch production：批量生产；分批生产batch production records：生产批号记录post or pre-market surveillance：销售前或销售后监督informed consent：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验）prescription drug：处方药OTC drug（over—the—counter drug）：非处方药U.S. public health service：美国卫生福利部NIH（national institute of health）：（美国）全国卫生研究所animal trail：动物试验accelerated approval：加速批准standard drug：标准药物investigator ：研究人员；调研人员preparing and submitting：起草和申报submission：申报；递交benefit(s)：受益risk（s）：受害drug product：药物产品drug substance：原料药established name：确定的名称generic name：非专利名称proprietary name：专有名称；INN（international nonproprietary name）：国际非专有名称narrative summary: 记叙体概要adverse effect：副作用adverse reaction：不良反应protocol：方案archival copy：存档用副本review copy：审查用副本official compendium：法定药典（主要指USP、NF）．USP（the united state pharmacopeia）：美国药典（现已和NF合并一起出版）NF（national formulary）：（美国）国家药品集official＝pharmacopeial = compendial：药典的；法定的；官方的agency：审理部门（指FDA）sponsor：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）identity：真伪；鉴别；特性strength：规格；规格含量（每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量）labeled amount：标示量regulatory specification：质量管理规格标准（NDA提供）regulatory methodology：质量管理方法（FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤）regulatory methods validation：管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA提供的方法进行验证）Dietary supplement：食用补充品ICH（International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH：Quality-质量Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (SecondRevision)新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验（第二版）Q1B: Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的光稳定性试验Q1C: Stability Testing for New Dosage Forms新制剂的稳定性试验Q1D: Bracketing and Matrixing Designs for Stability Testing of DrugSubstances and Drug Products原料药和制剂稳定性试验的交叉和矩阵设计Q1E: Evaluation of Stability Data对稳定性数据的评估处理Q1F: Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in ClimaticZones III and IV在气候带III和IV，药物注册申请所提供的稳定性数据Q2A: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures分析程序的验证Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology分析程序的验证：方法学Q3A(R): Impurities in New Drug Substances (Revised Guideline)新原料药中的杂质（修订版）Q3B(R): Impurities in New Drug Products (Revised Guideline)新制剂中的杂质（修订版）Q3C: Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents杂质：残留溶剂指南Q3C(M): Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents (Maintenance)杂质：残留溶剂指南（修改内容）Q4: Pharmacopoeias药典Q4A: PharmacopoeialHarmonisation药典的协调Q4B: Regulatory Acceptance of Pharmacopoeial Interchangeability药典互替在法规上的可接受性Q5A: Viral Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products Derived from CellLines of Human or Animal Origin来源于人或者动物细胞系的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评估Q5B: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the ExpressionConstruct in Cells Used for Production of r-DNA Derived Protein Products生物技术产品的质量：源于重组DNA的蛋白质产品的生产中所用的细胞中的表达构建分析Q5C: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Stability Testing ofBiotechnological/Biological Products生物技术产品的质量：生物技术/生物产品的稳定性试验Q5D: Derivation and Characterisation of Cell Substrates Used forProduction of Biotechnological/Biological Products用于生产生物技术/生物产品的细胞底物的起源和特征描述Q5E: Comparability of Biotechnological/Biological Products Subject toChanges in Their Manufacturing Process基于不同生产工艺的生物技术产品/生物产品的可比较性Q6: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的质量规格Q6A: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New DrugSubstances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances质量规格：新原料药和新制剂的检验程序和可接收标准：化学物质Q6B: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria forBiotechnological/Biological Products质量规格：生物技术/生物产品的检验程序和可接收标准Q7: Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Ingredients活性药物成份的GMPQ7A: Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active PharmaceuticalIngredients活性药物成份的GMP指南Q8: Pharmaceutical Development药物研发Q9: Quality Risk Management质量风险管理ICH：Safety-安全S1A: Guideline on the Need for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究需要的指南S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性的检验S1C: Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究之剂量选择S1C(R): Addendum: Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes附录：极限剂量和有关注释的的补充S2A: Guidance on Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests forPharmaceuticals受法规管辖的药物基因毒性检验的特定方面的指南S2B: Genotoxicity: A Standard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing forPharmaceuticals基因毒性：药物基因毒性检验的标准S3A: Note for Guidance on Toxicokinetics: The Assessment of SystemicExposure in Toxicity Studies毒物代谢动力学指南的注释：毒性研究中的全身性暴露量的评估S3B: Pharmacokinetics: Guidance for Repeated Dose Tissue DistributionStudies药物代谢动力学：重复剂量的组织分布研究指南S4: Single Dose Toxicity Tests单剂量毒性检验S4A: Duration of Chronic Toxicity Testing in Animals (Rodent andNon-Rodent Toxicity Testing)动物体内慢性毒性持续时间的检验（啮齿动物和非啮齿动物毒性检验）S5A: Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验S5B(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Toxicity to Male Fertility:An Addendum to the Guideline on Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction forMedicinal Products对男性生殖能力的毒性的指南的变动：药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验指南增加了一个附录S6: Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals生物技术生产的药物的临床前安全评价S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药的安全药理学研究S7B: The Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed VentricularRepolarization(QT Interval Prolongation) By Human Pharmaceuticals药物延迟心室复极化（QT间期）潜在作用的非临床评价S8: Immunotoxicology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药免疫毒理学研究M3(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Non-Clinical Safety Studies for the Conduct of Human Clinical Trials for Pharmaceuticals药物的对人临床试验的非临床安全研究指南的变动E-Efficacy（有效）E1: The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for DrugsIntended for Long-Term Treatment of Non-Life-Threatening Conditions对用于无生命危险情况下长期治疗的药物进行临床安全评估的族群暴露量范围E2A: Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting临床安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2B(R): Revision of the E2B(M) ICH Guideline on Clinical Safety DataManagement Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case SafetyReports个案安全报告送交的临床安全数据管理的数据要素指南（E2B（M））的修订版E2B (M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including:Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports临床安全数据管理的变动包括：个案安全报告送交的数据要素E2B(M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management includingQuestions and Answers临床安全数据管理的变动，包括问答E2C: Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports forMarketed Drugs临床安全数据管理：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告Addendum to E2C: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed DrugsE2C的附录：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告E2D: Post-Approval Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting批准后的安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2E: Pharmacovigilance Planning药物警戒计划E3: Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports临床研究报告的结构和内容E4: Dose-Response Information to Support Drug Registration支持药品注册的剂量－效应资料E5: Ethnic Factors in the Acceptability of Foreign Clinical Data引入海外临床数据时要考虑的人种因素E6: Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated GuidelineGCP：良好的临床规范：统一的指南E7: Studies in Support of Special Populations: Geriatrics对特定族群的支持的研究：老人病学E8: General Considerations for Clinical Trials对临床试验的总的考虑E9: Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials临床试验的统计原则E10: Choice of Control Group and Related Issues in Clinical Trials临床试验中控制组和有关课题的选择E11: Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the PediatricPopulation小儿科药物的临床调查E12A: Principles for Clinical Evaluation of New Antihypertensive Drugs新抗高血压药物的临床评价原则E14: The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs非抗心率失常药物的QT/QTc间期和致心率失常潜在作用的临床评价Multidisciplinary Guidelines 多学科兼容的指南M1: Medical Terminology医学术语M2: Electronic Standards for Transmission of Regulatory Information (ESTRI)药政信息传递之电子标准M3: Timing of Pre-clinical Studies in Relation to Clinical Trials (SeeSafety Topics)有关临床试验的临床前研究的时间安排M4: The Common Technical Document (See CTD section for complete Status of the guidelines)通用技术文件（见有关CTD章节）M5: Data Elements and Standards for Drug Dictionaries药物词典的数据要素和标准临床试验常用的英文缩略语TTP：time-to-progression 疾病进展时间SAE：severity Adverse Event 严重不良事件AE：Adverse Event 不良事件SOP：Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程CRF：Case Report form 病例报告表DLT：剂量限制毒性MTD：最大耐受剂量KPS：Karnofsky Performance Status行为状态评分CR：complete response完全缓解PR：partial response部分缓解SD：病情稳定PD：progressive disease病情进展CTC：常用药物毒性标准IEC：independent ethics committee 独立伦理委员会IRB ：institutional review board 伦理委员会CRA：临床研究助理CRO：Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织DFS：Disease Free Survival 无病生存期OS：（Overall Survival）总生存时间IC：Informed consent 知情同意ADR：Adverse Drug Reaction 不良反应GAP：Good Agricultural Practice 中药材种植管理规范GCP：Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP：Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验室管理规范GMP：Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范GSP：Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量管理规范GUP：Good Use Practice 药品使用质量管理规范PI ：Principal investigator 主要研究者CI：Co-inveatigator合作研究者SI ：Sub-investigator 助理研究者COI ：Coordinating investigtor协调研究者DGMP：医疗器械生产质量管理规范ICF：Informed consent form 知情同意书RCT ：randomized controlled trial, 随机对照试验NRCCT：non-randomized concurrent controlled trial, 非随机同期对照试验EBM：evidence-based medicine 循证医学RCD：randomized cross-over disgn随机交叉对照试验HCT：historial control trial, 历史对照研究RECIST：Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. 实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准QC：Quality Control质量控制UADR：Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction，非预期药物不良反应。

ANDAs Impurities in Drug Product 中文版

工业指南简化新药申请: 制剂中的杂质美国健康与人类服务部食品药品管理局药品评价与研究中心(CDER)2010年11月仿制药办公室工业指南简化新药申请: 制剂中的杂质从以下部门可得到额外的副本：Office of CommunicationDivision of Drug Information, WO51, Room 2201Center for Drug Evaluation and ResearchFood and Drug Administration10903 New Hampshire Ave.Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002Phone: 301-796-3400; Fax: 301-847-8715druginfo@/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htm美国健康与人类服务部食品药品管理局药品评价与研究中心(CDER)2010年11月仿制药办公室目录I．介绍 (4)II．背景 (4)III．制剂标准中降解产物名单及对其设定的可接受标准 (5)A. 降解产物名单 (5)B. 为降解产物设定可接受标准 (5)IV．降解产物的确认 (6)A. 质控限度 (6)B. 确认程序 (7)1. 对比分析研究 (7)2. 科学文献和重要代谢物 (7)3. 毒性研究 (7)附件：仿制药制剂中杂质的鉴定限度和质控限度 (8)工业指南ANDAs：制剂中的杂质该指南代表食品药品管理局（FDA）对该主题目前的想法和思考。

它并不产生或授予任何人任何的权力，并不对FDA或公众产生约束。

你可以使用另外的方法，如果这种方法可以满足所适用法规的要求。

如果你想讨论这种方法，可以与FDA负责执行该指南的人员联系。

如果你不能确认与适合的FDA人员联系的话，请拨打该指南扉页上所列的适合的号码I．介绍该指南提供在提交下列申请时1、2，对申办者在化学、制造和控制（CMC）信息中应包括制剂中划分为降解产物杂质的有关报告、鉴定和确认的建议。

国际药物注册英语词汇

国际药物注册英语词汇互译FDA（food and drug adminisration）：（美国）食品药品监督管理局NDA（new drug application）：新药申请ANDA（abbreviated new drug application）：简化新药申请EP（export application）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）treatment IND：研究中的新药用于治疗abbreviated（new）drug：简化申请的新药DMF（drug master file）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物品。

只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）holder：DMF持有者CFR（code of federal regulation）：（美国）联邦法规PANEL：专家小组batch production：批量生产；分批生产batch production records：生产批号记录post or pre-market surveillance：销售前或销售后监督informed consent：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验）prescription drug：处方药OTC drug（over—the—counter drug）：非处方药U.S. public health service：美国卫生福利部NIH（national institute of health）：（美国）全国卫生研究所animal trail：动物试验accelerated approval：加速批准standard drug：标准药物investigator ：研究人员；调研人员preparing and submitting：起草和申报submission：申报；递交benefit(s)：受益risk（s）：受害drug product：药物产品drug substance：原料药established name：确定的名称generic name：非专利名称proprietary name：专有名称；INN（international nonproprietary name）：国际非专有名称narrative summary: 记叙体概要adverse effect：副作用adverse reaction：不良反应protocol：方案archival copy：存档用副本review copy：审查用副本official compendium：法定药典（主要指USP、 NF）．USP（the united state pharmacopeia）：美国药典（现已和NF合并一起出版）NF（national formulary）：（美国）国家药品集official＝pharmacopeial = compendial：药典的；法定的；官方的agency：审理部门（指FDA）sponsor：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）identity：真伪；鉴别；特性strength：规格；规格含量（每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量）labeled amount：标示量regulatory specification：质量管理规格标准（NDA提供）regulatory methodology：质量管理方法（FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤）regulatory methods validation：管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA 提供的方法进行验证）Dietary supplement：食用补充品ICH（International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH：Quality-质量Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (SecondRevision)新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验（第二版）Q1B: Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products 新原料药和制剂的光稳定性试验Q1C: Stability Testing for New Dosage Forms新制剂的稳定性试验Q1D: Bracketing and Matrixing Designs for Stability Testing of Drug Substances and Drug Products原料药和制剂稳定性试验的交叉和矩阵设计Q1E: Evaluation of Stability Data对稳定性数据的评估处理Q1F: Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in ClimaticZones III and IV在气候带III和IV，药物注册申请所提供的稳定性数据Q2A: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures分析程序的验证Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology 分析程序的验证：方法学Q3A(R): Impurities in New Drug Substances (Revised Guideline) 新原料药中的杂质（修订版）Q3B(R): Impurities in New Drug Products (Revised Guideline) 新制剂中的杂质（修订版）Q3C: Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents杂质：残留溶剂指南Q3C(M): Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents (Maintenance) 杂质：残留溶剂指南（修改内容）Q4: Pharmacopoeias药典Q4A: Pharmacopoeial Harmonisation 药典的协调Q4B: Regulatory Acceptance of Pharmacopoeial Interchangeability 药典互替在法规上的可接受性Q5A: Viral Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products Derived from CellLines of Human or Animal Origin来源于人或者动物细胞系的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评估Q5B: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the ExpressionConstruct in Cells Used for Production of r-DNA Derived Protein Products生物技术产品的质量：源于重组DNA的蛋白质产品的生产中所用的细胞中的表达构建分析Q5C: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Stability Testing of Biotechnological/Biological Products生物技术产品的质量：生物技术/生物产品的稳定性试验Q5D: Derivation and Characterisation of Cell Substrates Used for Production of Biotechnological/Biological Products用于生产生物技术/生物产品的细胞底物的起源和特征描述Q5E: Comparability of Biotechnological/Biological Products Subject toChanges in Their Manufacturing Process基于不同生产工艺的生物技术产品/生物产品的可比较性Q6: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products 新原料药和制剂的质量规格Q6A: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New DrugSubstances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances 质量规格：新原料药和新制剂的检验程序和可接收标准：化学物质Q6B: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for Biotechnological/Biological Products质量规格：生物技术/生物产品的检验程序和可接收标准Q7: Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Ingredients 活性药物成份的GMPQ7A: Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active PharmaceuticalIngredients活性药物成份的GMP指南Q8: Pharmaceutical Development药物研发Q9: Quality Risk Management质量风险管理ICH：Safety-安全S1A: Guideline on the Need for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究需要的指南S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性的检验S1C: Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals 药物致癌性研究之剂量选择S1C(R): Addendum: Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes 附录：极限剂量和有关注释的的补充S2A: Guidance on Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests forPharmaceuticals受法规管辖的药物基因毒性检验的特定方面的指南S2B: Genotoxicity: A Standard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing for Pharmaceuticals基因毒性：药物基因毒性检验的标准S3A: Note for Guidance on Toxicokinetics: The Assessment of SystemicExposure in Toxicity Studies毒物代谢动力学指南的注释：毒性研究中的全身性暴露量的评估S3B: Pharmacokinetics: Guidance for Repeated Dose Tissue DistributionStudies药物代谢动力学：重复剂量的组织分布研究指南S4: Single Dose Toxicity Tests单剂量毒性检验S4A: Duration of Chronic Toxicity Testing in Animals (Rodent and Non-Rodent Toxicity Testing)动物体内慢性毒性持续时间的检验（啮齿动物和非啮齿动物毒性检验）S5A: Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products 药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验S5B(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Toxicity to Male Fertility:An Addendum to the Guideline on Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction forMedicinal Products对男性生殖能力的毒性的指南的变动：药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验指南增加了一个附录S6: Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals生物技术生产的药物的临床前安全评价S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals 人用药的安全药理学研究S7B: The Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed VentricularRepolarization(QT Interval Prolongation) By Human Pharmaceuticals药物延迟心室复极化（QT间期）潜在作用的非临床评价S8: Immunotoxicology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals 人用药免疫毒理学研究M3(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Non-Clinical Safety Studies forthe Conduct of Human Clinical Trials for Pharmaceuticals 药物的对人临床试验的非临床安全研究指南的变动E-Efficacy（有效）E1: The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for DrugsIntended for Long-Term Treatment of Non-Life-Threatening Conditions对用于无生命危险情况下长期治疗的药物进行临床安全评估的族群暴露量范围E2A: Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting临床安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2B(R): Revision of the E2B(M) ICH Guideline on Clinical Safety Data Management Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports个案安全报告送交的临床安全数据管理的数据要素指南（E2B（M））的修订版E2B (M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including:Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports 临床安全数据管理的变动包括：个案安全报告送交的数据要素E2B(M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management includingQuestions and Answers临床安全数据管理的变动，包括问答E2C: Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports forMarketed Drugs临床安全数据管理：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告Addendum to E2C: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed Drugs E2C的附录：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告E2D: Post-Approval Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting批准后的安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2E: Pharmacovigilance Planning药物警戒计划E3: Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports临床研究报告的结构和内容E4: Dose-Response Information to Support Drug Registration 支持药品注册的剂量－效应资料E5: Ethnic Factors in the Acceptability of Foreign Clinical Data 引入海外临床数据时要考虑的人种因素E6: Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated GuidelineGCP：良好的临床规范：统一的指南E7: Studies in Support of Special Populations: Geriatrics 对特定族群的支持的研究：老人病学E8: General Considerations for Clinical Trials对临床试验的总的考虑E9: Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials临床试验的统计原则E10: Choice of Control Group and Related Issues in Clinical Trials 临床试验中控制组和有关课题的选择E11: Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Pediatric Population小儿科药物的临床调查E12A: Principles for Clinical Evaluation of New Antihypertensive Drugs新抗高血压药物的临床评价原则E14: The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs非抗心率失常药物的QT/QTc 间期和致心率失常潜在作用的临床评价Multidisciplinary Guidelines 多学科兼容的指南M1: Medical Terminology医学术语M2: Electronic Standards for Transmission of Regulatory Information(ESTRI)药政信息传递之电子标准M3: Timing of Pre-clinical Studies in Relation to Clinical Trials (SeeSafety Topics)有关临床试验的临床前研究的时间安排M4: The Common Technical Document (See CTD section for complete Status ofthe guidelines)通用技术文件（见有关CTD章节）M5: Data Elements and Standards for Drug Dictionaries 药物词典的数据要素和标准临床试验常用的英文缩略语TTP： time-to-progression 疾病进展时间SAE： severity Adverse Event 严重不良事件AE： Adverse Event 不良事件SOP： Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程CRF： Case Report form 病例报告表DLT：剂量限制毒性MTD：最大耐受剂量KPS： Karnofsky Performance Status行为状态评分CR： complete response完全缓解PR： partial response部分缓解SD：病情稳定PD： progressive disease病情进展CTC：常用药物毒性标准IEC： independent ethics committee 独立伦理委员会IRB ： institutional review board 伦理委员会CRA：临床研究助理CRO： Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织DFS： Disease Free Survival 无病生存期OS：（Overall Survival）总生存时间IC： Informed consent 知情同意ADR： Adverse Drug Reaction 不良反应GAP：Good Agricultural Practice 中药材种植管理规范GCP：Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP：Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验室管理规范GMP：Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范GSP：Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量管理规范GUP：Good Use Practice 药品使用质量管理规范PI ：Principal investigator 主要研究者CI： Co-inveatigator 合作研究者SI ：Sub-investigator 助理研究者COI ：Coordinating investigtor 协调研究者DGMP：医疗器械生产质量管理规范ICF： Informed consent form 知情同意书RCT ： randomized controlled trial, 随机对照试验NRCCT： non-randomized concurrent controlled trial, 非随机同期对照试验EBM： evidence-based medicine 循证医学RCD： randomized cross-over disgn 随机交叉对照试验HCT： historial control trial, 历史对照研究RECIST： Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. 实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准QC： Quality Control质量控制UADR： Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction，非预期药物不良反应。

国际药物注册英语词汇培训课件

只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）holder：DMF持有者CFR（code of federal regulation）：（美国）联邦法规PANEL：专家小组batch production：批量生产；分批生产batch production records：生产批号记录post or pre-market surveillance：销售前或销售后监督informed consent：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验）prescription drug：处方药OTC drug（over—the—counter drug）：非处方药U.S. public health service：美国卫生福利部NIH（national institute of health）：（美国）全国卫生研究所animal trail：动物试验accelerated approval：加速批准standard drug：标准药物investigator ：研究人员；调研人员preparing and submitting：起草和申报submission：申报；递交benefit(s)：受益risk（s）：受害drug product：药物产品drug substance：原料药established name：确定的名称generic name：非专利名称proprietary name：专有名称；INN（international nonproprietary name）：国际非专有名称narrative summary: 记叙体概要adverse effect：副作用adverse reaction：不良反应protocol：方案archival copy：存档用副本review copy：审查用副本official compendium：法定药典（主要指USP、NF）．USP（the united state pharmacopeia）：美国药典（现已和NF合并一起出版）NF（national formulary）：（美国）国家药品集official＝pharmacopeial = compendial：药典的；法定的；官方的agency：审理部门（指FDA）sponsor：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）identity：真伪；鉴别；特性strength：规格；规格含量（每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量）labeled amount：标示量regulatory specification：质量管理规格标准（NDA提供）regulatory methodology：质量管理方法（FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤）regulatory methods validation：管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA 提供的方法进行验证）Dietary supplement：食用补充品ICH（International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH：Quality-质量Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (SecondRevision)新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验（第二版）Q1B: Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products 新原料药和制剂的光稳定性试验Q1C: Stability T esting for New Dosage Forms新制剂的稳定性试验Q1D: Bracketing and Matrixing Designs for Stability Testing of DrugSubstances and Drug Products原料药和制剂稳定性试验的交叉和矩阵设计Q1E: Evaluation of Stability Data对稳定性数据的评估处理Q1F: Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in ClimaticZones III and IV在气候带III和IV，药物注册申请所提供的稳定性数据Q2A: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures分析程序的验证Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology分析程序的验证：方法学Q3A(R): Impurities in New Drug Substances (Revised Guideline)新原料药中的杂质（修订版）Q3B(R): Impurities in New Drug Products (Revised Guideline)新制剂中的杂质（修订版）Q3C: Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents杂质：残留溶剂指南Q3C(M): Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents (Maintenance) 杂质：残留溶剂指南（修改内容）Q4: Pharmacopoeias药典Q4A: Pharmacopoeial Harmonisation 药典的协调Q4B: Regulatory Acceptance of Pharmacopoeial Interchangeability 药典互替在法规上的可接受性Q5A: Viral Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products Derived from CellLines of Human or Animal Origin来源于人或者动物细胞系的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评估Q5B: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the ExpressionConstruct in Cells Used for Production of r-DNA Derived Protein Products生物技术产品的质量：源于重组DNA的蛋白质产品的生产中所用的细胞中的表达构建分析Q5C: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Stability Testing ofBiotechnological/Biological Products生物技术产品的质量：生物技术/生物产品的稳定性试验Q5D: Derivation and Characterisation of Cell Substrates Used forProduction of Biotechnological/Biological Products用于生产生物技术/生物产品的细胞底物的起源和特征描述Q5E: Comparability of Biotechnological/Biological Products Subject toChanges in Their Manufacturing Process基于不同生产工艺的生物技术产品/生物产品的可比较性Q6: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的质量规格Q6A: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New DrugSubstances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances质量规格：新原料药和新制剂的检验程序和可接收标准：化学物质Q6B: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria forBiotechnological/Biological Products质量规格：生物技术/生物产品的检验程序和可接收标准Q7: Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Ingredients 活性药物成份的GMPQ7A: Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for ActivePharmaceuticalIngredients活性药物成份的GMP指南Q8: Pharmaceutical Development药物研发Q9: Quality Risk Management质量风险管理ICH：Safety-安全S1A: Guideline on the Need for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究需要的指南S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性的检验S1C: Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals 药物致癌性研究之剂量选择S1C(R): Addendum: Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes附录：极限剂量和有关注释的的补充S2A: Guidance on Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests forPharmaceuticals受法规管辖的药物基因毒性检验的特定方面的指南S2B: Genotoxicity: A Standard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing forPharmaceuticals基因毒性：药物基因毒性检验的标准S3A: Note for Guidance on T oxicokinetics: The Assessment of SystemicExposure in T oxicity Studies毒物代谢动力学指南的注释：毒性研究中的全身性暴露量的评估S3B: Pharmacokinetics: Guidance for Repeated Dose Tissue DistributionStudies药物代谢动力学：重复剂量的组织分布研究指南S4: Single Dose Toxicity Tests单剂量毒性检验S4A: Duration of Chronic T oxicity Testing in Animals (Rodent and Non-Rodent T oxicity Testing)动物体内慢性毒性持续时间的检验（啮齿动物和非啮齿动物毒性检验）S5A: Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products 药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验S5B(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on T oxicity to Male Fertility:An Addendum to the Guideline on Detection of T oxicity to Reproduction forMedicinal Products对男性生殖能力的毒性的指南的变动：药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验指南增加了一个附录S6: Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals生物技术生产的药物的临床前安全评价S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药的安全药理学研究S7B: The Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed VentricularRepolarization(QT Interval Prolongation) By Human Pharmaceuticals药物延迟心室复极化（QT间期）潜在作用的非临床评价S8: Immunotoxicology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药免疫毒理学研究M3(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Non-Clinical Safety Studies forthe Conduct of Human Clinical Trials for Pharmaceuticals药物的对人临床试验的非临床安全研究指南的变动E-Efficacy（有效）E1: The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for DrugsIntended for Long-Term Treatment of Non-Life-ThreateningConditions对用于无生命危险情况下长期治疗的药物进行临床安全评估的族群暴露量范围E2A: Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting临床安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2B(R): Revision of the E2B(M) ICH Guideline on Clinical Safety DataManagement Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case SafetyReports个案安全报告送交的临床安全数据管理的数据要素指南（E2B（M））的修订版E2B (M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including:Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports临床安全数据管理的变动包括：个案安全报告送交的数据要素E2B(M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management includingQuestions and Answers临床安全数据管理的变动，包括问答E2C: Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports forMarketed Drugs临床安全数据管理：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告Addendum to E2C: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed DrugsE2C的附录：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告E2D: Post-Approval Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting批准后的安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2E: Pharmacovigilance Planning药物警戒计划E3: Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports临床研究报告的结构和内容E4: Dose-Response Information to Support Drug Registration支持药品注册的剂量－效应资料E5: Ethnic Factors in the Acceptability of Foreign Clinical Data引入海外临床数据时要考虑的人种因素E6: Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated GuidelineGCP：良好的临床规范：统一的指南E7: Studies in Support of Special Populations: Geriatrics对特定族群的支持的研究：老人病学E8: General Considerations for Clinical Trials对临床试验的总的考虑E9: Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials临床试验的统计原则E10: Choice of Control Group and Related Issues in Clinical Trials临床试验中控制组和有关课题的选择E11: Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the PediatricPopulation小儿科药物的临床调查E12A: Principles for Clinical Evaluation of New Antihypertensive Drugs新抗高血压药物的临床评价原则E14: The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation andProarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs非抗心率失常药物的QT/QTc 间期和致心率失常潜在作用的临床评价Multidisciplinary Guidelines 多学科兼容的指南M1: Medical Terminology医学术语M2: Electronic Standards for Transmission of Regulatory Information(ESTRI)药政信息传递之电子标准M3: Timing of Pre-clinical Studies in Relation to Clinical Trials (See Safety Topics)有关临床试验的临床前研究的时间安排M4: The Common Technical Document (See CTD section for complete Status ofthe guidelines)通用技术文件（见有关CTD章节）M5: Data Elements and Standards for Drug Dictionaries药物词典的数据要素和标准临床试验常用的英文缩略语TTP：time-to-progression 疾病进展时间SAE：severity Adverse Event 严重不良事件AE：Adverse Event 不良事件SOP：Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程CRF：Case Report form 病例报告表DLT：剂量限制毒性MTD：最大耐受剂量KPS：Karnofsky Performance Status行为状态评分CR：complete response完全缓解PR：partial response部分缓解SD：病情稳定PD：progressive disease病情进展CTC：常用药物毒性标准IEC：independent ethics committee 独立伦理委员会IRB ：institutional review board 伦理委员会CRA：临床研究助理CRO：Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织DFS：Disease Free Survival 无病生存期OS：（Overall Survival）总生存时间IC：Informed consent 知情同意ADR：Adverse Drug Reaction 不良反应GAP：Good Agricultural Practice 中药材种植管理规范GCP：Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP：Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验室管理规范GMP：Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范GSP：Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量管理规范GUP：Good Use Practice 药品使用质量管理规范PI ：Principal investigator 主要研究者CI：Co-inveatigator 合作研究者SI ：Sub-investigator 助理研究者COI ：Coordinating investigtor 协调研究者DGMP：医疗器械生产质量管理规范ICF：Informed consent form 知情同意书RCT ：randomized controlled trial, 随机对照试验NRCCT：non-randomized concurrent controlled trial, 非随机同期对照试验EBM：evidence-based medicine 循证医学RCD：randomized cross-over disgn 随机交叉对照试验HCT：historial control trial, 历史对照研究RECIST：Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. 实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准QC：Quality Control质量控制UADR：Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction，非预期药物不良反应。

FDA常用词中英对照

只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）HOLDER：DMF持有者CFR（CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATION）：（美国）联邦法规PANEL：专家小组BATCH PRODUCTION：批量生产；分批生产BATCH PRODUCTION RECORDS：生产批号记录POST-OR PRE- MARKET SURVEILLANCE：销售前或销售后监督INFORMED CONSENT：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验）PRESCRIPTION DRUG：处方药OTC DRUG（OVER—THE—COUNTER DRUG）：非处方药U．S．PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE：美国卫生福利部NIH（NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH）：（美国）全国卫生研究所CLINICAL TRIAL：临床试验ANIMAL TRIAL：动物试验ACCELERATED APPROVAL：加速批准STANDARD DRUG：标准药物INVESTIGATOR：研究人员；调研人员PREPARING AND SUBMITTING：起草和申报SUBMISSION：申报；递交BENIFIT（S）：受益RISK（S）：受害DRUG PRODUCT：药物产品DRUG SUBSTANCE：原料药ESTABLISHED NAME：确定的名称GENERIC NAME：非专利名称PROPRIETARY NAME：专有名称；INN（INTERNATIONAL NONPROPRIETARY NAME）：国际非专有名称NARRATIVE SUMMARY记叙体概要ADVERSE EFFECT：副作用ADVERSE REACTION：不良反应PROTOCOL：方案ARCHIVAL COPY：存档用副本REVIEW COPY：审查用副本OFFICIAL COMPENDIUM：法定药典（主要指USP、NF）．USP（THE UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA）：美国药典（现已和NF合并一起出版）NF（NATIONAL FORMULARY）：（美国）国家药品集OFFICIAL＝PHARMACOPEIAL= COMPENDIAL：药典的；法定的；官方的AGENCY：审理部门（指FDA）SPONSOR：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）IDENTITY：真伪；鉴别；特性STRENGTH：规格；规格含量（每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量）LABELED AMOUNT：标示量REGULATORY SPECIFICATION：质量管理规格标准（NDA提供）REGULATORY METHODOLOGY：质量管理方法（FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤）REGULATORY METHODS VALIDATION：管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA提供的方法进行验证）Dietary supplement：食用补充品洁净工程中英文对照静态at rest动态operational检测仪器Inspection instrument尘埃粒子计数器Dust particle counter尘埃粒子多点检测系统Dust particle multi-point inspection system浮游菌采样器Sampling device境综合参数监测器Monitor of environment comprehensive parameterFFU中央控制器FFU Central controller空气净化设备Air clean equipment洁净工作台Clean bench洁净风淋室Clean air shower送风单元FFU Fan Filter Unit生物安全柜Biosafe Cabinet洁净采样车Clean sampling vehicle洁净工作站Clean work stationASH 洁净吹淋干手器ASH clean hand dryer洁净新风送风机组Clean ventilation unit热交换回收装置Heat exchange reclaim equipmentPSC系列洁净保管柜PSC serial clean maintenance cabinetPOV系列洁净烘箱POV serial clean ovenSPB/PB传递窗SPB/PB Pass window or Pass Box吹淋吸尘箱Air shower dust absorption cabinetPAU 移动式空气自净器PAU Movable Air Cleaner热交换器Heat exchangerBCZ 系列洁净层流罩BCZ serial clean layer cover消静电空气净化设备Air clean equipment to remove static electricity消静电洁净工作台Clean bench to remove static electricity消静电风淋室Air shower to remove static electricity消静电洁净工作站Clean work station to remove static electricity风枪Blower gun风棒Blower bar离子风机Ion blower fan工程类Project洁净室工程Clean room Project洁净厂房空调工程Air Conditioner Project of Clean Plant除尘通风系统工程Dust removal and ventilation system project新风换风类工程Ventilation Project无菌病房和洁净手术室工程等的设计Asepsis ward and clean surgery room project design 洁净耗材Clean material系列中效空气过滤器Medium effect air filter中效袋式空气过滤器Medium effect package air filter大风量中效过滤器Large wind volume and medium effective filter系列有隔板高效空气过滤器GK Serial Highly Effective Air Filter with Partition系列高效无隔板空气过滤器GK Serial Highly Effective Air Filter with Partition。

国际药物注册标准词汇

只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA 时才能参考其内容）holder：DMF持有者CFR（code of federal regulation）：（美国）联邦法规PANEL：专家小组batch production：批量生产；分批生产batch production records：生产批号记录post or pre-market surveillance：销售前或销售后监督informed consent：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验）prescription drug：处方药OTC drug（over—the—counter drug）：非处方药U.S. public health service：美国卫生福利部NIH（national institute of health）：（美国）全国卫生研究所animal trail：动物试验accelerated approval：加速批准standard drug：标准药物investigator ：研究人员；调研人员preparing and submitting：起草和申报submission：申报；递交benefit(s)：受益risk（s）：受害drug product：药物产品drug substance：原料药established name：确定的名称generic name：非专利名称proprietary name：专有名称；INN（international nonproprietary name）：国际非专有名称narrative summary: 记叙体概要adverse effect：副作用adverse reaction：不良反应protocol：方案archival copy：存档用副本review copy：审查用副本official compendium：法定药典（主要指USP、NF）．USP（the united state pharmacopeia）：美国药典（现已和NF合并一起出版）NF（national formulary）：（美国）国家药品集official＝pharmacopeial = compendial：药典的；法定的；官方的agency：审理部门（指FDA）sponsor：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）identity：真伪；鉴别；特性strength：规格；规格含量（每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量）labeled amount：标示量regulatory specification：质量管理规格标准（NDA提供）regulatory methodology：质量管理方法（FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤）regulatory methods validation：管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA提供的方法进行验证）Dietary supplement：食用补充品ICH（International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH：Quality-质量Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (SecondRevision)新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验（第二版）Q1B: Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的光稳定性试验Q1C: Stability Testing for New Dosage Forms新制剂的稳定性试验Q1D: Bracketing and Matrixing Designs for Stability Testing of DrugSubstances and Drug Products原料药和制剂稳定性试验的交叉和矩阵设计Q1E: Evaluation of Stability Data对稳定性数据的评估处理Q1F: Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in ClimaticZones III and IV在气候带III和IV，药物注册申请所提供的稳定性数据Q2A: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures分析程序的验证Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology分析程序的验证：方法学Q3A(R): Impurities in New Drug Substances (Revised Guideline)新原料药中的杂质（修订版）Q3B(R): Impurities in New Drug Products (Revised Guideline)新制剂中的杂质（修订版）Q3C: Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents杂质：残留溶剂指南Q3C(M): Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents (Maintenance)杂质：残留溶剂指南（修改内容）Q4: Pharmacopoeias药典Q4A: Pharmacopoeial Harmonisation 药典的协调Q4B: Regulatory Acceptance of Pharmacopoeial Interchangeability药典互替在法规上的可接受性Q5A: Viral Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products Derived from CellLines of Human or Animal Origin来源于人或者动物细胞系的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评估Q5B: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the ExpressionConstruct in Cells Used for Production of r-DNA Derived Protein Products生物技术产品的质量：源于重组DNA的蛋白质产品的生产中所用的细胞中的表达构建分析Q5C: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Stability Testing ofBiotechnological/Biological Products生物技术产品的质量：生物技术/生物产品的稳定性试验Q5D: Derivation and Characterisation of Cell Substrates Used forProduction of Biotechnological/Biological Products用于生产生物技术/生物产品的细胞底物的起源和特征描述Q5E: Comparability of Biotechnological/Biological Products Subject toChanges in Their Manufacturing Process基于不同生产工艺的生物技术产品/生物产品的可比较性Q6: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的质量规格Q6A: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New DrugSubstances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances质量规格：新原料药和新制剂的检验程序和可接收标准：化学物质Q6B: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria forBiotechnological/Biological Products质量规格：生物技术/生物产品的检验程序和可接收标准Q7: Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Ingredients活性药物成份的GMPQ7A: Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active PharmaceuticalIngredients活性药物成份的GMP指南Q8: Pharmaceutical Development药物研发Q9: Quality Risk Management质量风险管理ICH：Safety-安全S1A: Guideline on the Need for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究需要的指南S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性的检验S1C: Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究之剂量选择S1C(R): Addendum: Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes附录：极限剂量和有关注释的的补充S2A: Guidance on Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests forPharmaceuticals受法规管辖的药物基因毒性检验的特定方面的指南S2B: Genotoxicity: A Standard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing forPharmaceuticals基因毒性：药物基因毒性检验的标准S3A: Note for Guidance on Toxicokinetics: The Assessment of SystemicExposure in Toxicity Studies毒物代谢动力学指南的注释：毒性研究中的全身性暴露量的评估S3B: Pharmacokinetics: Guidance for Repeated Dose Tissue DistributionStudies药物代谢动力学：重复剂量的组织分布研究指南S4: Single Dose Toxicity Tests单剂量毒性检验S4A: Duration of Chronic Toxicity Testing in Animals (Rodent andNon-Rodent Toxicity Testing)动物体内慢性毒性持续时间的检验（啮齿动物和非啮齿动物毒性检验）S5A: Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验S5B(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Toxicity to Male Fertility:An Addendum to the Guideline on Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction forMedicinal Products对男性生殖能力的毒性的指南的变动：药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验指南增加了一个附录S6: Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals生物技术生产的药物的临床前安全评价S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药的安全药理学研究S7B: The Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed VentricularRepolarization(QT Interval Prolongation) By Human Pharmaceuticals药物延迟心室复极化（QT间期）潜在作用的非临床评价S8: Immunotoxicology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药免疫毒理学研究M3(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Non-Clinical Safety Studies forthe Conduct of Human Clinical Trials for Pharmaceuticals药物的对人临床试验的非临床安全研究指南的变动E-Efficacy（有效）E1: The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for DrugsIntended for Long-Term Treatment of Non-Life-Threatening Conditions对用于无生命危险情况下长期治疗的药物进行临床安全评估的族群暴露量范围E2A: Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting临床安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2B(R): Revision of the E2B(M) ICH Guideline on Clinical Safety DataManagement Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case SafetyReports个案安全报告送交的临床安全数据管理的数据要素指南（E2B（M））的修订版E2B (M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including:Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports临床安全数据管理的变动包括：个案安全报告送交的数据要素E2B(M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management includingQuestions and Answers临床安全数据管理的变动，包括问答E2C: Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports forMarketed Drugs临床安全数据管理：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告Addendum to E2C: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed DrugsE2C的附录：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告E2D: Post-Approval Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting批准后的安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2E: Pharmacovigilance Planning药物警戒计划E3: Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports临床研究报告的结构和内容E4: Dose-Response Information to Support Drug Registration支持药品注册的剂量－效应资料E5: Ethnic Factors in the Acceptability of Foreign Clinical Data引入海外临床数据时要考虑的人种因素E6: Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated GuidelineGCP：良好的临床规范：统一的指南E7: Studies in Support of Special Populations: Geriatrics对特定族群的支持的研究：老人病学E8: General Considerations for Clinical Trials对临床试验的总的考虑E9: Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials临床试验的统计原则E10: Choice of Control Group and Related Issues in Clinical Trials临床试验中控制组和有关课题的选择E11: Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the PediatricPopulation小儿科药物的临床调查E12A: Principles for Clinical Evaluation of New Antihypertensive Drugs新抗高血压药物的临床评价原则E14: The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation andProarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs非抗心率失常药物的QT/QTc 间期和致心率失常潜在作用的临床评价Multidisciplinary Guidelines 多学科兼容的指南M1: Medical Terminology医学术语M2: Electronic Standards for Transmission of Regulatory Information (ESTRI)药政信息传递之电子标准M3: Timing of Pre-clinical Studies in Relation to Clinical Trials (SeeSafety Topics)有关临床试验的临床前研究的时间安排M4: The Common Technical Document (See CTD section for complete Status of the guidelines)通用技术文件（见有关CTD章节）M5: Data Elements and Standards for Drug Dictionaries药物词典的数据要素和标准临床试验常用的英文缩略语TTP：time-to-progression 疾病进展时间SAE：severity Adverse Event 严重不良事件AE：Adverse Event 不良事件SOP：Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程CRF：Case Report form 病例报告表DLT：剂量限制毒性MTD：最大耐受剂量KPS：Karnofsky Performance Status行为状态评分CR：complete response完全缓解PR：partial response部分缓解SD：病情稳定PD：progressive disease病情进展CTC：常用药物毒性标准IEC：independent ethics committee 独立伦理委员会IRB ：institutional review board 伦理委员会CRA：临床研究助理CRO：Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织DFS：Disease Free Survival 无病生存期OS：（Overall Survival）总生存时间IC：Informed consent 知情同意ADR：Adverse Drug Reaction 不良反应GAP：Good Agricultural Practice 中药材种植管理规范GCP：Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP：Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验室管理规范GMP：Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范GSP：Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量管理规范GUP：Good Use Practice 药品使用质量管理规范PI ：Principal investigator 主要研究者CI：Co-inveatigator 合作研究者SI ：Sub-investigator 助理研究者COI ：Coordinating investigtor 协调研究者DGMP：医疗器械生产质量管理规范ICF：Informed consent form 知情同意书RCT ：randomized controlled trial, 随机对照试验NRCCT：non-randomized concurrent controlled trial, 非随机同期对照试验EBM：evidence-based medicine 循证医学RCD：randomized cross-over disgn 随机交叉对照试验HCT：historial control trial, 历史对照研究RECIST：Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. 实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准QC：Quality Control质量控制UADR：Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction，非预期药物不良反应。

国际药物注册英语词汇教学文案

国际药物注册英语词汇国际药物注册英语词汇互译FDA（food and drug adminisration）：（美国）食品药品监督管理局 NDA（new drug application）：新药申请ANDA（abbreviated new drug application）：简化新药申请EP（export application）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）treatment IND：研究中的新药用于治疗abbreviated（new）drug：简化申请的新药DMF（drug master file）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物品。

只有在DMF持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）holder：DMF持有者CFR（code of federal regulation）：（美国）联邦法规PANEL：专家小组batch production：批量生产；分批生产batch production records：生产批号记录post or pre-market surveillance：销售前或销售后监督informed consent：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验）prescription drug：处方药OTC drug（over—the—counter drug）：非处方药U.S. public health service：美国卫生福利部NIH（national institute of health）：（美国）全国卫生研究所 animal trail：动物试验accelerated approval：加速批准standard drug：标准药物investigator ：研究人员；调研人员preparing and submitting：起草和申报submission：申报；递交benefit(s)：受益risk（s）：受害drug product：药物产品drug substance：原料药established name：确定的名称generic name：非专利名称proprietary name：专有名称；INN（international nonproprietary name）：国际非专有名称 narrative summary: 记叙体概要adverse effect：副作用adverse reaction：不良反应protocol：方案archival copy：存档用副本review copy：审查用副本official compendium：法定药典（主要指USP、 NF）．USP（the united state pharmacopeia）：美国药典（现已和NF合并一起出版）NF（national formulary）：（美国）国家药品集official＝pharmacopeial = compendial：药典的；法定的；官方的agency：审理部门（指FDA）sponsor：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）identity：真伪；鉴别；特性strength：规格；规格含量（每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量）labeled amount：标示量regulatory specification：质量管理规格标准（NDA提供）regulatory methodology：质量管理方法（FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤）regulatory methods validation：管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA 提供的方法进行验证）Dietary supplement：食用补充品ICH（International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH：Quality-质量Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (SecondRevision)新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验（第二版）Q1B: Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products 新原料药和制剂的光稳定性试验Q1C: Stability Testing for New Dosage Forms新制剂的稳定性试验Q1D: Bracketing and Matrixing Designs for Stability Testing of Drug Substances and Drug Products原料药和制剂稳定性试验的交叉和矩阵设计Q1E: Evaluation of Stability Data对稳定性数据的评估处理Q1F: Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in Climatic Zones III and IV在气候带III和IV，药物注册申请所提供的稳定性数据Q2A: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures分析程序的验证Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology 分析程序的验证：方法学Q3A(R): Impurities in New Drug Substances (Revised Guideline) 新原料药中的杂质（修订版）Q3B(R): Impurities in New Drug Products (Revised Guideline) 新制剂中的杂质（修订版）Q3C: Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents杂质：残留溶剂指南Q3C(M): Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents (Maintenance) 杂质：残留溶剂指南（修改内容）Q4: Pharmacopoeias药典Q4A: Pharmacopoeial Harmonisation 药典的协调Q4B: Regulatory Acceptance of Pharmacopoeial Interchangeability 药典互替在法规上的可接受性Q5A: Viral Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products Derived from CellLines of Human or Animal Origin来源于人或者动物细胞系的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评估Q5B: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the ExpressionConstruct in Cells Used for Production of r-DNA Derived Protein Products生物技术产品的质量：源于重组DNA的蛋白质产品的生产中所用的细胞中的表达构建分析Q5C: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Stability Testing ofBiotechnological/Biological Products生物技术产品的质量：生物技术/生物产品的稳定性试验Q5D: Derivation and Characterisation of Cell Substrates Used forProduction of Biotechnological/Biological Products用于生产生物技术/生物产品的细胞底物的起源和特征描述Q5E: Comparability of Biotechnological/Biological Products Subject toChanges in Their Manufacturing Process基于不同生产工艺的生物技术产品/生物产品的可比较性Q6: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products 新原料药和制剂的质量规格Q6A: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New DrugSubstances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances 质量规格：新原料药和新制剂的检验程序和可接收标准：化学物质Q6B: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria forBiotechnological/Biological Products质量规格：生物技术/生物产品的检验程序和可接收标准Q7: Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Ingredients 活性药物成份的GMPQ7A: Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients活性药物成份的GMP指南Q8: Pharmaceutical Development药物研发Q9: Quality Risk Management质量风险管理ICH：Safety-安全S1A: Guideline on the Need for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究需要的指南S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性的检验S1C: Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals 药物致癌性研究之剂量选择S1C(R): Addendum: Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes 附录：极限剂量和有关注释的的补充S2A: Guidance on Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests forPharmaceuticals受法规管辖的药物基因毒性检验的特定方面的指南S2B: Genotoxicity: A Standard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing for Pharmaceuticals基因毒性：药物基因毒性检验的标准S3A: Note for Guidance on Toxicokinetics: The Assessment of SystemicExposure in Toxicity Studies毒物代谢动力学指南的注释：毒性研究中的全身性暴露量的评估S3B: Pharmacokinetics: Guidance for Repeated Dose Tissue DistributionStudies药物代谢动力学：重复剂量的组织分布研究指南S4: Single Dose Toxicity Tests单剂量毒性检验S4A: Duration of Chronic Toxicity Testing in Animals (Rodent and Non-Rodent Toxicity Testing)动物体内慢性毒性持续时间的检验（啮齿动物和非啮齿动物毒性检验） S5A: Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products 药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验S5B(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Toxicity to Male Fertility:An Addendum to the Guideline on Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction forMedicinal Products对男性生殖能力的毒性的指南的变动：药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验指南增加了一个附录S6: Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals生物技术生产的药物的临床前安全评价S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals 人用药的安全药理学研究S7B: The Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed VentricularRepolarization(QT Interval Prolongation) By Human Pharmaceuticals 药物延迟心室复极化（QT间期）潜在作用的非临床评价S8: Immunotoxicology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals 人用药免疫毒理学研究M3(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Non-Clinical Safety Studies forthe Conduct of Human Clinical Trials for Pharmaceuticals 药物的对人临床试验的非临床安全研究指南的变动E-Efficacy（有效）E1: The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for DrugsIntended for Long-Term Treatment of Non-Life-Threatening Conditions对用于无生命危险情况下长期治疗的药物进行临床安全评估的族群暴露量范围E2A: Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards for Expedited Reporting临床安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2B(R): Revision of the E2B(M) ICH Guideline on Clinical Safety Data Management Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case SafetyReports个案安全报告送交的临床安全数据管理的数据要素指南（E2B（M））的修订版E2B (M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including:Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports 临床安全数据管理的变动包括：个案安全报告送交的数据要素E2B(M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management includingQuestions and Answers临床安全数据管理的变动，包括问答E2C: Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports forMarketed Drugs临床安全数据管理：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告Addendum to E2C: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed DrugsE2C的附录：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告E2D: Post-Approval Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting批准后的安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2E: Pharmacovigilance Planning药物警戒计划E3: Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports临床研究报告的结构和内容E4: Dose-Response Information to Support Drug Registration 支持药品注册的剂量－效应资料E5: Ethnic Factors in the Acceptability of Foreign Clinical Data 引入海外临床数据时要考虑的人种因素E6: Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated GuidelineGCP：良好的临床规范：统一的指南E7: Studies in Support of Special Populations: Geriatrics 对特定族群的支持的研究：老人病学E8: General Considerations for Clinical Trials对临床试验的总的考虑E9: Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials临床试验的统计原则E10: Choice of Control Group and Related Issues in Clinical Trials 临床试验中控制组和有关课题的选择E11: Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the PediatricPopulation小儿科药物的临床调查E12A: Principles for Clinical Evaluation of New Antihypertensive Drugs新抗高血压药物的临床评价原则E14: The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation andProarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs非抗心率失常药物的QT/QTc 间期和致心率失常潜在作用的临床评价Multidisciplinary Guidelines 多学科兼容的指南M1: Medical Terminology医学术语M2: Electronic Standards for Transmission of Regulatory Information (ESTRI)药政信息传递之电子标准M3: Timing of Pre-clinical Studies in Relation to Clinical Trials (See Safety Topics)有关临床试验的临床前研究的时间安排M4: The Common Technical Document (See CTD section for complete Status ofthe guidelines)通用技术文件（见有关CTD章节）M5: Data Elements and Standards for Drug Dictionaries 药物词典的数据要素和标准临床试验常用的英文缩略语TTP： time-to-progression 疾病进展时间SAE： severity Adverse Event 严重不良事件AE： Adverse Event 不良事件SOP： Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程CRF： Case Report form 病例报告表DLT：剂量限制毒性MTD：最大耐受剂量KPS： Karnofsky Performance Status行为状态评分CR： complete response完全缓解PR： partial response部分缓解SD：病情稳定PD： progressive disease病情进展CTC：常用药物毒性标准IEC： independent ethics committee 独立伦理委员会IRB ： institutional review board 伦理委员会CRA：临床研究助理CRO： Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织DFS： Disease Free Survival 无病生存期OS：（Overall Survival）总生存时间IC： Informed consent 知情同意ADR： Adverse Drug Reaction 不良反应GAP：Good Agricultural Practice 中药材种植管理规范GCP：Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP：Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验室管理规范GMP：Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范GSP：Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量管理规范GUP：Good Use Practice 药品使用质量管理规范PI ：Principal investigator 主要研究者CI： Co-inveatigator 合作研究者SI ：Sub-investigator 助理研究者COI ：Coordinating investigtor 协调研究者DGMP：医疗器械生产质量管理规范ICF： Informed consent form 知情同意书RCT ： randomized controlled trial, 随机对照试验NRCCT： non-randomized concurrent controlled trial, 非随机同期对照试验EBM： evidence-based medicine 循证医学RCD： randomized cross-over disgn 随机交叉对照试验HCT： historial control trial, 历史对照研究RECIST： Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. 实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准QC： Quality Control质量控制UADR： Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction，非预期药物不良反应。

医药常用英语单词及缩写之欧阳家百创编

FDA（food and drug adminisration）：（美国）食品药品监督管理局欧阳家百（2021.03.07）NDA（new drug application）：新药申请ANDA（abbreviated new drug application）：简化新药申请EP（export application）：出口药申请（申请出口不被批准在美国销售的药品）treatment IND：研究中的新药用于治疗abbreviated（new）drug：简化申请的新药DMF（drug master file）：药物主文件（持有者为谨慎起见而准备的保密资料，可以包括一个或多个人用药物在制备、加工、包装和贮存过程中所涉及的设备、生产过程或物品。

只有在DMF 持有者或授权代表以授权书的形式授权给FDA，FDA在审查IND、NDA、ANDA时才能参考其内容）holder：DMF持有者CFR（code of federal regulation）：（美国）联邦法规PANEL：专家小组batch production：批量生产；分批生产batch production records：生产批号记录post or pre-market surveillance：销售前或销售后监督informed consent：知情同意（患者对治疗或受试者对医疗试验了解后表示同意接受治疗或试验）prescription drug：处方药OTC drug（over—the—counter drug）：非处方药U.S. public health service：美国卫生福利部NIH（national institute of health）：（美国）全国卫生研究所animal trail：动物试验accelerated approval：加速批准standard drug：标准药物investigator ：研究人员；调研人员preparing and submitting：起草和申报submission：申报；递交benefit(s)：受益risk（s）：受害drug product：药物产品drug substance：原料药established name：确定的名称generic name：非专利名称proprietary name：专有名称；INN（international nonproprietary name）：国际非专有名称narrative summary: 记叙体概要adverse effect：副作用adverse reaction：不良反应protocol：方案archival copy：存档用副本review copy：审查用副本official compendium：法定药典（主要指USP、 NF）．USP（the united state pharmacopeia）：美国药典（现已和NF 合并一起出版）NF（national formulary）：（美国）国家药品集official＝pharmacopeial = compendial：药典的；法定的；官方的agency：审理部门（指FDA）sponsor：主办者（指负责并着手临床研究者）identity：真伪；鉴别；特性strength：规格；规格含量（每一剂量单位所含有效成分的量）labeled amount：标示量regulatory specification：质量管理规格标准（NDA提供）regulatory methodology：质量管理方法（FDA用于考核原料药或药物产品是否符合批准了的质量管理规格标准的整套步骤）regulatory methods validation：管理用分析方法的验证（FDA对NDA提供的方法进行验证）Dietary supplement：食用补充品ICH（International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)人用药物注册技术要求国际协调会议ICH：Quality-质量Q1A(R2): Stability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products (SecondRevision)新原料药和制剂的稳定性试验（第二版）Q1B: Photostability Testing of New Drug Substances and Products 新原料药和制剂的光稳定性试验Q1C: Stability Testing for New Dosage Forms新制剂的稳定性试验Q1D: Bracketing and Matrixing Designs for Stability Testing of DrugSubstances and Drug Products原料药和制剂稳定性试验的交叉和矩阵设计Q1E: Evaluation of Stability Data对稳定性数据的评估处理Q1F: Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in ClimaticZones III and IV在气候带III和IV，药物注册申请所提供的稳定性数据Q2A: Text on Validation of Analytical Procedures分析程序的验证Q2B: Validation of Analytical Procedures: Methodology分析程序的验证：方法学Q3A(R): Impurities in New Drug Substances (Revised Guideline)新原料药中的杂质（修订版）Q3B(R): Impurities in New Drug Products (Revised Guideline)新制剂中的杂质（修订版）Q3C: Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents杂质：残留溶剂指南Q3C(M): Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents (Maintenance)杂质：残留溶剂指南（修改内容）Q4: Pharmacopoeias药典Q4A: Pharmacopoeial Harmonisation 药典的协调Q4B: Regulatory Acceptance of Pharmacopoeial Interchangeability 药典互替在法规上的可接受性Q5A: Viral Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology Products Derived from CellLines of Human or Animal Origin来源于人或者动物细胞系的生物技术产品的病毒安全性评估Q5B: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the ExpressionConstruct in Cells Used for Production of r-DNA Derived Protein Products生物技术产品的质量：源于重组DNA的蛋白质产品的生产中所用的细胞中的表达构建分析Q5C: Quality of Biotechnological Products: Stability Testing ofBiotechnological/Biological Products生物技术产品的质量：生物技术/生物产品的稳定性试验Q5D: Derivation and Characterisation of Cell Substrates Used for Production of Biotechnological/Biological Products用于生产生物技术/生物产品的细胞底物的起源和特征描述Q5E: Comparability of Biotechnological/Biological Products Subject toChanges in Their Manufacturing Process基于不同生产工艺的生物技术产品/生物产品的可比较性Q6: Specifications for New Drug Substances and Products新原料药和制剂的质量规格Q6A: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for New DrugSubstances and New Drug Products: Chemical Substances质量规格：新原料药和新制剂的检验程序和可接收标准：化学物质Q6B: Specifications: Test Procedures and Acceptance Criteria for Biotechnological/Biological Products质量规格：生物技术/生物产品的检验程序和可接收标准Q7: Good Manufacturing Practices for Pharmaceutical Ingredients 活性药物成份的GMPQ7A: Good Manufacturing Practice Guide for Active PharmaceuticalIngredients活性药物成份的GMP指南Q8: Pharmaceutical Development药物研发Q9: Quality Risk Management质量风险管理ICH：Safety-安全S1A: Guideline on the Need for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究需要的指南S1B: Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性的检验S1C: Dose Selection for Carcinogenicity Studies of Pharmaceuticals药物致癌性研究之剂量选择S1C(R): Addendum: Addition of a Limit Dose and Related Notes 附录：极限剂量和有关注释的的补充S2A: Guidance on Specific Aspects of Regulatory Genotoxicity Tests forPharmaceuticals受法规管辖的药物基因毒性检验的特定方面的指南S2B: Genotoxicity: A Standard Battery for Genotoxicity Testing for Pharmaceuticals基因毒性：药物基因毒性检验的标准S3A: Note for Guidance on Toxicokinetics: The Assessment of SystemicExposure in Toxicity Studies毒物代谢动力学指南的注释：毒性研究中的全身性暴露量的评估S3B: Pharmacokinetics: Guidance for Repeated Dose Tissue DistributionStudies药物代谢动力学：重复剂量的组织分布研究指南S4: Single Dose Toxicity Tests单剂量毒性检验S4A: Duration of Chronic Toxicity Testing in Animals (Rodent and Non-Rodent Toxicity Testing)动物体内慢性毒性持续时间的检验（啮齿动物和非啮齿动物毒性检验）S5A: Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction for Medicinal Products 药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验S5B(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Toxicity to Male Fertility:An Addendum to the Guideline on Detection of Toxicity to Reproduction forMedicinal Products对男性生殖能力的毒性的指南的变动：药物对生殖发育的毒性的检验指南增加了一个附录S6: Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals生物技术生产的药物的临床前安全评价S7A: Safety Pharmacology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药的安全药理学研究S7B: The Nonclinical Evaluation of the Potential for Delayed VentricularRepolarization(QT Interval Prolongation) By Human Pharmaceuticals药物延迟心室复极化（QT间期）潜在作用的非临床评价S8: Immunotoxicology Studies for Human Pharmaceuticals人用药免疫毒理学研究M3(M): Maintenance of the ICH Guideline on Non-Clinical Safety Studies forthe Conduct of Human Clinical Trials for Pharmaceuticals药物的对人临床试验的非临床安全研究指南的变动E-Efficacy（有效）E1: The Extent of Population Exposure to Assess Clinical Safety for DrugsIntended for Long-Term Treatment of Non-Life-Threatening Conditions对用于无生命危险情况下长期治疗的药物进行临床安全评估的族群暴露量范围E2A: Clinical Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting临床安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2B(R): Revision of the E2B(M) ICH Guideline on Clinical Safety DataManagement Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case SafetyReports个案安全报告送交的临床安全数据管理的数据要素指南（E2B （M））的修订版E2B (M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management including:Data Elements for Transmission of Individual Case Safety Reports 临床安全数据管理的变动包括：个案安全报告送交的数据要素E2B(M): Maintenance of the Clinical Safety Data Management includingQuestions and Answers临床安全数据管理的变动，包括问答E2C: Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports forMarketed Drugs临床安全数据管理：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告Addendum to E2C: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed DrugsE2C的附录：已上市药品的周期性安全数据更新报告E2D: Post-Approval Safety Data Management: Definitions and Standards forExpedited Reporting批准后的安全数据管理：速报制度的定义和标准E2E: Pharmacovigilance Planning药物警戒计划E3: Structure and Content of Clinical Study Reports临床研究报告的结构和内容E4: Dose-Response Information to Support Drug Registration支持药品注册的剂量－效应资料E5: Ethnic Factors in the Acceptability of Foreign Clinical Data 引入海外临床数据时要考虑的人种因素E6: Good Clinical Practice: Consolidated GuidelineGCP：良好的临床规范：统一的指南E7: Studies in Support of Special Populations: Geriatrics对特定族群的支持的研究：老人病学E8: General Considerations for Clinical Trials对临床试验的总的考虑E9: Statistical Principles for Clinical Trials临床试验的统计原则E10: Choice of Control Group and Related Issues in Clinical Trials 临床试验中控制组和有关课题的选择E11: Clinical Investigation of Medicinal Products in the Pediatric Population小儿科药物的临床调查E12A: Principles for Clinical Evaluation of New Antihypertensive Drugs新抗高血压药物的临床评价原则E14: The Clinical Evaluation of QT/QTc Interval Prolongation and Proarrhythmic Potential for Non-Antiarrhythmic Drugs非抗心率失常药物的QT/QTc 间期和致心率失常潜在作用的临床评价Multidisciplinary Guidelines 多学科兼容的指南M1: Medical Terminology医学术语M2: Electronic Standards for Transmission of Regulatory Information(ESTRI)药政信息传递之电子标准M3: Timing of Pre-clinical Studies in Relation to Clinical Trials (SeeSafety Topics)有关临床试验的临床前研究的时间安排M4: The Common Technical Document (See CTD section for complete Status ofthe guidelines)通用技术文件（见有关CTD章节）M5: Data Elements and Standards for Drug Dictionaries药物词典的数据要素和标准临床试验常用的英文缩略语TTP： time-to-progression 疾病进展时间SAE： severity Adverse Event 严重不良事件AE： Adverse Event 不良事件SOP： Standard Operating Procedure 标准操作规程CRF： Case Report form 病例报告表DLT：剂量限制毒性MTD：最大耐受剂量KPS： Karnofsky Performance Status行为状态评分CR： complete response完全缓解PR： partial response部分缓解SD：病情稳定PD： progressive disease病情进展CTC：常用药物毒性标准IEC： independent ethics committee 独立伦理委员会IRB ： institutional review board 伦理委员会CRA：临床研究助理CRO： Contract Research Organization 合同研究组织DFS： Disease Free Survival 无病生存期OS：（Overall Survival）总生存时间IC： Informed consent 知情同意ADR： Adverse Drug Reaction 不良反应GAP：Good Agricultural Practice 中药材种植管理规范GCP：Good Clinical Practice 药物临床试验质量管理规范GLP：Good Laboratory Practice 药品实验室管理规范GMP：Good Manufacturing Practice 药品生产质量管理规范GSP：Good Supply Practice 药品经营质量管理规范GUP：Good Use Practice 药品使用质量管理规范PI ：Principal investigator 主要研究者CI： Co-inveatigator 合作研究者SI ：Sub-investigator 助理研究者COI ：Coordinating investigtor 协调研究者DGMP：医疗器械生产质量管理规范ICF： Informed consent form 知情同意书RCT ： randomized controlled trial, 随机对照试验NRCCT： non-randomized concurrent controlled trial, 非随机同期对照试验EBM： evidence-based medicine 循证医学RCD： randomized cross-over disgn 随机交叉对照试验HCT： historial control trial, 历史对照研究RECIST： Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors. 实体瘤疗效反应的评价标准QC： Quality Control质量控制UADR： Unexpected Adverse Drug Reaction，非预期药物不良反应。