英语中考语法--代词

代词
代词的分类
1.人称代词：有主格、宾格、所有格（含形容词性和名词性两种所有格）
2.反身代词:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselves
themselves
3.指示代词:this ,that ,these ,those
4.疑问代词:who ,whom ,what ,which
5.相互代词:each other ,one another
6.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another,
something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody
7.关系代词(用于定语从句):who ,whom ,whose，that ,which ,as
代词用法注意点
1.名词性所有格代词可作主语、宾语、表语，可用于双重所有格。

例如：
This isn't my book. It's his. Mine is in the bag. /Is she a friend of yours ?/Do
you think this bag of mine beautiful ?/She lost some pencils of hers.
2.反身代词可用于某些固定搭配。

例如：
①(all)by oneself 自己单干，独立干：
The boy usually finishes his homework by himself.
②of oneself 自动地，自行地：
Mary will correct her mistakes in the exercises of herself.
③for oneself 替/为自己：You have to choose for yourself.
3.指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；that/those 常指时间和
空间上较远的人或物。

进行比较时，that可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复；those 可代替复数名词以
免重复。

例如：
The water of the well is cleaner than that of the river./The Christmas cards are
much better than those you bought yesterday.
4.相互代词each other ,one another.前者通常指两者之间的“相互”，后者侧重三者或三者以上的“相互”，也可指两者之间的“相互”。

5.不定代词
①some多用于肯定句；any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句中。

另外some可用于表示请求、提议或者希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，修饰可数名词，表示“任何、无论哪一个”
例如：
If you have any ink ,please give me some.
Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he went to.
②all 与none
all表示“三者或三者以上全部”，可以修饰可数、不可数名词。

none用于表示对三个或
三个以上的人或物的否定，意思是“没有什么人，没有什么东西”，可作主语和宾语。

none o f…后的谓语可以是单数或复数形式。

none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头的疑问句。

例如：
None of them have/has failed.
—— How many books are there on the desk ? —— None.
注意：no one (＝nobody)不同于none ,作主语时只能跟单数谓语，不可跟of短语连用，
回答以who开头的问句，不能回答How many/much …开头的问句。

例如：
—— Who is in the room ? —— no one(＝Nobody).
——Is there any oil in the glass ? —— None.
③other ,another ,the other ,others ,the others
other表示“没有范围的，其他的”，与名词复数连用。

如：other books/boys/…
another泛指很多中的“另一个”，可作代词或形容词用，代替或修饰单数可数名词。

如：
I don't like this hat ,please show me another.
the other可作代词或形容词用，指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”，或另一方中的“全
部其他的”。

I have two sisters.One is a student and the other is a worker./I can see only
two teachers in the office.Where are the other teachers ?
others泛指其他的人或物；the others特指其余的人或物。

others常和some对比使用。

例如：
Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.
Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.
④one作为不定代词，泛指“任何人”（包括说话人在内），还可用来代替上文出现过的可数名词（指人或物），并有复数形式ones。

例如：
I have bought a new bike.My old one doesn't work./One must do one's duty.
注意：one ,that都可代替前面出现过的单数名词，但这样用时，one可被前置或后置
定语修饰,that只能被后置定语修饰。

例如：
This book is the one that is needed by him.
My seat is next to that of our teacher.。