Lesson Five Offers and counteroffers概述
第5课 句型和例句
句型３：to offer as follows 报盘如下
例：谢谢你方3月18日询价，现报盘如下。 Thank you for your enquiry dated March 18 and now, we offer as follows.
句型４：to make (send, give) sb. an offer for (on) sth. 向某人报盘
例２．请报20公吨羊毛实盘，FOB悉尼价。 Please offer us firm 20 m/t tons of wool FOB Sydney.
句型２：to offer CIF (CFR, FOB) 报盘CIF (CFR, FOB)价
例１．兹报盘60吨蛋白 CFR达尔文价 Ｗe offer CFR Darwin for 60 tons Albumen. 例２．请报2000台货号437电冰箱实盘，FOB热那亚价。 Please offer firm FOB Genoa for 2000 Refrigerators Art. No.437.
句型２：to counter-offer
还盘
例：你方价格偏高，我们不得不作如下还盘，以我方在４月 ８日或以前收到你方答复为有效。 Your price is on the high side and we have to counter-offer as follows, subject to your reply received by us on or before 8 April.
第五课 Lesson 5 报盘及还盘 （Offers and Counter-offers）
句型和例句 (Sentence Patterns and Examples)
Unit_5__Quotations__Offers_and
Letter 2
1.have repeat orders 重复订购/续订购 2.be specially treated to prevent excessive condensation经过特殊处理以防 过度凝水 3.be subject to 以… 为准 subject to our final confirmation以我方最 后确认为准 4.sales literature 销售说明书
Letter 4
• • • • be available from stock 可现货供应 the stated dates of delivery 所报的交货期 In no case 无论如何也不 be made according to instructions按照要求 定制 • avail yourself of 利用,趁此机会 • enclose a copy of our latest catalogue附寄 最新目录一份
letter1
• • • • • have good reason to有理由 place regular orders with sb.经常订购 place a first order for首批定购 From the description in your catalogue 根据你们的目录说明 Provided prices所供价格 Mass-produced goods大批量生产
虚盘(即无约束力的报盘)的表示： 1. Without engagement (obligation) 2. Subject to prior sale 3. Subject to our final confir• • • • •
The offer is subject to prior sale. 本报盘以货物先售出为条件。 The offer is subject to change without notice. 本报盘以随时更改而勿需另作通知为条件。 The offer is subject to goods being unsold. 本报盘以货物未售出为条件。 We make you the offer without engagement. 此报盘为无约束力的报盘。
5.Quotations_Offers_and_Counter-offers
A counter-offer generally includes the following essential elements:
(1) Thanking the seller for his offer. (2) Expressing regret at inability to accept and state convincing reasons. (3) Putting forward new proposals or a counter-offer if appropriate in the circumstance. (4) Expressing hopes for mutually beneficial business corporation, or wishing the reader to accept writer’s counter-offer, or urging the reader to accept early.
An offer or quotation usually contains the following components:
(1) An expression of thanks for or an acknowledgement of the enquiry or cause for the quotation of offer. (2) Giving the quotation or offer, in which the name of commodities, quality, quantity, and specifications, prices, terms of payment, time of shipment, the validity of the offer, etc. (3) Futher information to encourage an early order. This part is optional but most of time is included. (4) A friendly close or an expression of expectation
Unit 5 Offers and Counter-offers
• We quote US$500 per ton CIF Shanghai for these goods. 我们对这些货物的报价是CIF上海价每吨 500美元。 n. quotation 报价 make (submit) a quotation for sth. send a quotation
上述报价无约束力，以我方最后确认为准。 。
take this opportunity: avail oneself of this opportunity，利用此机会 Enclosed please find a copy of our illustrative catalogue which will give you all the details.
更不用说盈利了
2. To accept your present quotation would mean a heavy loss to us, not to speak of profit. 3. Otherwise we can switch our requirements to other suppliers. 否则，我们只能向其他供货商订货了。 否则，我们只能向其他供货商订货了。
随函附上有带插图的目录一份，请查收 请查收。 随函附上 请查收
Letter 2
1. We are glad to receive your letter of 10th November in collection with your enquiry for Forever Brand Bicycles. 很高兴收到贵方11月10日关于永久牌 很高兴收到贵方 月 日关于永久牌 自行车的询价函。 自行车的询价函。
1. 2. 3. 4. 对发盘表示感谢 对不能接受表示遗憾 如适当可还盘 提示Байду номын сангаас起做生意的其他机会
优秀英语课件unit-5-quotations--offers-and-counter-offers
Z h e jia n g C a iy u n jia n T e a C o ., L td .
报价单
T o : G lo b a l Tea B a g s (P v t) L td
Q U O TA T IO N
5. To do exercises优秀英语课件unit-5-quotations--
offers-and-counter-offers
A quotation is a reply to an inquiry, which is an offer in simple form including a notice of the price of certain goods being sold, but in no legal sense.
1. A firm offer, is made when a seller promises to sell goods at a stated price within a stated period of time. Once it has been accepted it cannot be withdrawn.
An offer refers to a promise to supply goods on the terms and conditions in which the seller not only quotes the terms of price but also indicates all necessary terms of sales for the buyer's consideration and acceptance. In addition, an offer may be classified into a firm offer and a non-firm offer.
函电课后答案第五单元到第八单元
新编商务英语函电练习答案Unit 5 Quotations, Offers and Counter Offers1. Put the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese or vice versa.(1) 市场调查(2) 做出让步(3) 有效期(4) 利润空间(5) 对……具有约束力(6) 实盘(7) a reduction of 7% (8) copy(9) to ship on time (10) trial order(11) to reach an agreement (12) to put forward a proposal2. Fill in the blanks of the following letters with the words given below, and change the form when necessary.1 pleased2 acknowledge3 commodity4 follows5 payment6 shipment7 arrival 8 expand9 discount 10 minimum3. Rearrange the following sentences in logic order to make them a perfect letter.The rearranged order:1(3) 2 (5) 3 (1) 4 (2) 5 (4)4. Translate the following letter into English.Dear Sirs,We thank you for your inquiry of October 29 and are pleased to know that you are willing to enter into business relations with us. At your request, we make you an offer, subject to the receipt of your reply before November 24, 2006, as follows:Commodity: “Showner” brand men’s pajama Quantity: 30,000 piecesPrice: US$ 40.00 per piece, CIF MilanPayment: By a confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sightShipment: since January 2007I am convinced that the above quotation can meet with your request. The market price will be go up, therefore it is beneficial for you to place an order earlier.Hope that we can receive you order soon. Yours faithfully,5. Translate the following letter into Chinese.史密斯先生：感谢您2006年10月6日来函询问我方BNT-3电锯产品。
offers and counter-offers
• confirm vt. 确认，证实 • （1）We confirm having sold you 80 metric tons citric acid. （2）We confirm that we have sold... （3）We confirm your order for...（accept） （4）We confirm your offer for...（accept）
embroidered slippers bicycle parts leather boots sewing machines electric fans
• Thank you for your recent asking for the prices of our new products.
facsimile cable telex enquiry email
The differences between a quotation and an offer
• The firm offer creates a power of acceptance permitting the offeree accepting the offer to transform the offerer’s promise into a contractual obligation. Thus, once it has been accepted it cannot be withdrawn.
There is a brisk (great, high, increasing, growing ) demand for ...大量需求…… There is a low (poor) demand for…需求量小
as follows = as what follows
Unit 5 Offers & Counter-offers
II. Types of offers
Offers can be classified into firm offers (实盘) and non-firm offers (虚盘). 1. Firm-offer A firm offer is a promise to sell goods at a stated price, usually within a stated period of time. Firm offers refer to those which are binding upon the offerers, and the offerers are obliged to keep their promises to sell once their offers are accepted by the offerees. 2. Non-firm offer A non-firm offer is an offer without engagement. Non-firm offers may be made in the form of a letter, a pricelist, a pro forma invoice, a catalogue, or a quotation sheet. Non-firm offers do not bring any contractual obligations on the part of the offerers.
4) An undertaking as to the date of delivery or time of shipment;
5) Packing, if it is necessary to mention; 6) The period for which the offer is valid. 7) An expression of hope that the offer will be accepted. Without the sixth point, you turn a firm offer into a non-firm offer, which might contain even fewer items.
Unit5OffersandCounteroffers
Letter Patterns
For Offers: Appreciation for the enquiry if there’s any; Indicating prices, discounts, terms of payment (covering particulars such as cost, insurance, commission, etc.), and validity(有效期); Promise on delivery or shipping date.
In order to start a concrete transaction between us, we take pleasure in making you a special offer, subject to our final confirmation, as follows:
Expressions indicating a firm offer:
the offer is firm / valid. subject to your reply reaching us by / before… subject to your reply / acceptance reaching here
Quotation is a merely notice of the price of certain goods at which the seller is willing to sell. It is not an offer in the legal sense. However, if a quotation is made together with all necessary terms and conditions of sales, it amounts to an offer.
Unit 5 商务英语写作
More sentences
我们可以向您保证我方产品是当今市场上最好，并 且可以提供五年保修期。 We can assure you that our products are the most outstanding ones on the market today, and we offer a five-year guarantee. 随函附上我方最新的产品目录及CIF纽约报价单。 Please find enclosed our current catalogue and price-list quoting CIF New York.
8
Dear Mr. Smith, I am very happy about the talk we had at the Canton Fair. And I am pleased to make you an offer, which is open for five days: Art. No: Number 3 and number 4 canned pear Quantity: 50 metric tons Packing: In wooden cases Price: US $ 21 each piece CIF New York Shipment: To be effected two weeks after receiving the payment Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C. I am sure our product will find a ready market in your country.
14
获悉你地市场对核桃有很大需求，兹附上 第6868号报价单供参考。 We have learned that there is a good demand for walnuts in your market, and take this opportunity of enclosing our Quotation Sheet No.6868 for your reference.
Unit 5 Quotations, Offers and Counter-offers
becomes the offerer.This process can go on for many rounds till business is finalized or called off. When a buyer rejects an offer ,he should: 1)thank the seller for his offer. 2)express regret at inability to accept
Letter 1
offer n.1)make sb.a firm offer subject to …. We are making you a firm offer subject to your reply reaching us before April 30,2005. 2) make sb. a firm offer on CIF/FOB/CFR…basis
Letter 4
1. Your prices appear to be on rather high side 2. We will appreciate it very much if you will consider our counter-offer most favourably and fax us your acceptance as soon as possible.
an firm offer . An firm offer has the validity. an firm offer non- firm offer If an offer is not binding on the offerer,it is a non-firm offer .
实盘有效期的表示： 1. Subject to your reply reaching us by (before)… 2. Subject to your reply(acceptance)here within …days 3. This offer is firm(open, valid. Good) for….days.
Unit 5 Offers and Counter-offers
Notes to Letter One e.g. Please make/send us an offer for gold and silver thread embroidered articles. 请报金银绣品价格。
Notes to Letter One 3. subject to our final confirmation 以本公司最终确认为准（表示此盘为虚盘） subject to your acceptance within two weeks 以贵公司在两周之内接受为条件（说明此报盘为 实盘） subject to your immediate acceptance （实盘）以贵公司立即接受为条件 subject to your reply reaching here before June 23,2006
Offer
An offer letter usually includes : (1) An expression of thanks for the enquiry, if any. (2) Name of commodities, quality, quantity, and specifications. (3) Price terms, discounts, commission and terms of payment. (4) Packing and date of delivery. (5) The validity of the offer（for firm offer）
Unit5Quotations,OffersandCounter
Unit5Quotations,OffersandCounter外贸函电,英语课件Unit 5 Quotations, Offers and Counter-offersPoints for Attention: 发盘一般用通函，信件或者答复询价的方法来进行。
在答复询价时，可寄送报价单。
完整的发盘应包括下列几点：1. 对询价表示感谢2. 表明价格，折扣及付款条件的细节3. 详细说明价格包含的内容(如运费，保费等)外贸函电,英语课件4. 对交货期或装运期的承诺5. 报价的有效期6. 表达希望实盘有效期的表示： 1. Subject to your reply reaching us by (before)… 2. Subject to your reply(acceptance)here within …days 外贸函电,英语课件3. This offer is firm(open, valid. Good) for … days. 虚盘的表示： 1. Without engagement (obligation) 2. Subject to prior sale 3. Subject to our final confirmation外贸函电,英语课件拒绝接受发盘的信应包括以下几点：1. 对发盘表示感谢2. 对不能接受表示遗憾 3. 如适当可还盘 4. 提示一起做生意的其他机会外贸函电,英语课件东南大学远程教育外贸函电第十六讲主讲教师：任凤慧外贸函电,英语课件Letter 1We have examined your proposal to place an order for a guaranteed minimum number of our new products in return for a special allowance,but after considering it carefully, we feel it would be better to offer you a special allowance on the following sliding scale basis外贸函电,英语课件Letter 21. We are pleased to make you a special offer, subject to our final confirmation, as follows: 2. Make sb an offer for sth. 3. Shipment is to be made in three equal monthly installments beginning from December, 20XX年. Payment is by L/C at sight.外贸函电,英语课件Letter 31. In reply, we are making you, subject to your reply reaching us by April 15, the following offer: 2. Our colour TV sets are of top quality and reasonable price 3. Take advantage of : 利用外贸函电,英语课件Letter 41. Your prices appear to be on rather high side 2. Wewill appreciate it very much if you will consider our counter-offer most favourably and fax us your acceptance as soon as possible.外贸函电,英语课件东南大学远程教育外贸函电第十七讲主讲教师：任凤慧外贸函电,英语课件Letter 51. In reply to your letter of April 6 requesting a 10% reduction in price, we regret we find it very difficult to comply with. 2. Convince sb.of sth. 使某人确信外贸函电,英语课件Word studyOffer Draft Price外贸函电,英语课件ExercisesI. Translate the following 1. In return for 回报 2. Conditions of sales 销售条件外贸函电,英语课件3. Be in receipt of 收到4. Quotation 报价5. As per 按照外贸函电,英语课件6. Annual total purchase 每年总购买量7. Similar products 类似产品8. Make sb.an offer 向某人发盘外贸函电,英语课件9. Assure sb.of sth 使某人确信10. Commission on asliding-scale basis 递加佣金11. Non-firm offer 虚盘外贸函电,英语课件12. Firm offer 实盘13. Subject to our final confirmation 以我方最后确认为准14. The minimum quantity for order 最低起订量外贸函电,英语课件15. A trial order 试订16. After-sales service 售后服务17. Make shipment in three equal monthly 分三个月每月平均装运外贸函电,英语课件18. At buyer’s option 由买方选择19. Push the sales of new products 推销新产品20. Art. No 货号外贸函电,英语课件东南大学远程教育外贸函电第十八讲主讲教师：任凤慧外贸函电,英语课件III. 1. Must: 去掉2. Declined: invalid 3. Offer: offering 4. Item: intems 5. In : 去掉6. At: of。
Unit 5 Offers and Counter-offers
Unit 5 Offers and Counter-offersPart 1 Lowering the PricesAn offer is a promise to supply goods on the terms and conditions stated.In an offer, the seller not only quote the price of the goods, but also indicates all necessary terms, such as: the name of the goods, quality, quantity, price, time of shipment, terms of payment and so on. An offer may either be firm within a certain time-limit (firm offer) or be made without engagement (non-firm offer).Firm offerA firm offer means an irrevocable offer made by a merchant.国际贸易常用术语之一，即有约束力的发盘。
英文：FIRM OFFER实盘是指发盘人(发价人)对接受人所提出的是一项内容完整、明确、肯定的交易条件，一旦送达受盘人(即接受人或称受发价人)之后，则对发盘人产生拘束力，发盘人在实盘规定的有效期内不得将其撤销或加以变更。
表明发盘人有肯定订立合同的意图。
如果受盘人在有效期内无条件地接受，就可以达成交易，成为对买卖双方都有约束力的合同。
实盘必须同时具备三个条件才能成立：内容必须是完整和明确的；内容必须是肯定的，无保留条件的；实盘必须规定有效期限。
内容包括货物品名、品质规格、包装、数量、价格等。
1.Sample LearningANSWERS1.concession2.insist on3.prevailing market4.on the decline5.favorably2.Passage ComprehensionSCRIPTSWhen you’re negotiating with someone on the price, listen for the messages that he or she might be sending to you. For example, the word “difficult” does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine you’re staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The manager’s answer of “That would be very difficult, sir”does not mean that he is saying “no”. It just means that he wants to know what you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room.If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesman’s comment, “I’m sorry, but we never negotiate on the price”, means that they do negotiate on other things, like the delivery time, or the “extra” that might be available as part of the purchase. In the same car showroom, if the salesman says, “Sorry, I can’t negotiate prices”, then your response should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss is the one you need to be talking to.In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation, the two “players” wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examples above, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions -- but their “messages”make it clear that there may be room for compromise. In a successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditions that satisfy both sides.Questions:6.What does the hotel manager’s answer “That would be very difficult, sir” imply?7.What can you do when the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price?8.For whom does this article intend?9.What does the passage mainly tell us?10.What can be safely concluded from the passage?ANSWERS6.C7. C8. B9. D 10. B3.Sample ImitatingANSWERS11.It will be difficult for us to make any deals12.Ours compares favorably with what you might get elsewhere13.keen competition14.So far our commodities have stood the competition well15.have a hard time convincing our clientsPart 2 Offering Discounts1.Sample LearningSCRIPTS1.M: I’d like to order this toy dog. Can you give me a discount?W: Sorry, we don’t bargain.Q: What does the woman imply?2.M: How much do you charge?W: Well, the unit cost is $100 but in view of the size of the order, we can offer a 5% discount. Q: How much money will the man save if he gets the discount?3.W: Frankly speaking, the maximum discount we can grant is 10%. You know, the price of the raw material has been rising steadily.M: I can hardly accept that. I’d say 15% would be more like it. Some other companies have already promised us it.Q: What can we imply from the conversation?4.M: Well, to have this business concluded, I should say a reduction of at least 10% would help. W: Impossible. How can you expect us to make a reduction to that extent?Q: What does the woman imply?5.M: I’ll have these shoes. Please tell me how much I owe you.W: They are 40 dollars a pair, and 3 pairs make a total of 120 dollars. But today we offer a 10% discount.Q: How much does the man have to pay?ANSWERS1.A2. A3. D4. B5. B2.Passage ComprehensionSCRIPTSDear Sirs,We are pleased to send you with this letter a copy of our current pricelist for candles in different colors and shapes. Our candles have a strong appeal for customers and are universally acknowledged. We are confident that a trial order would convince you that the goods we are offering are of superior quality and excellent value for money. For orders reaching us before the end of August, we are prepared to grant a trade discount of 3% on the list prices. If your order is exceptionally large we will offer more discount. Once your purchases have reached $50 000, you will be automatically entitled to a 5% discount on any order placed. When your order have reached $100 000, your discount will increase to 7%. A $200 000 order will entitle you to a 10% discount. Under the pressure of rising cost, we shall not find possible to extend these favorable terms beyond that date. So why not take the opportunity and send us an immediate order?We hope to have the opportunity to serve you. Your prompt response will be highly valued. Faithfully.ANSWERS6.T7. F8. F9. F 10. T3.Sample ImitatingANSWERS11.All the prices are subject to our final confirmation12.encourage us to make every effort to push the sales13.As far as a trial order is concerned, the quantity is by no means small14.Could you see your way to increase it to 2%15.It seems this is the only proposal for me to acceptPart 3 Increasing Agency Commissions1.Sample LearningANSWERS1. 4% - 5%2.further promotionual practice4.sales agency5.maximum6.Passage ComprehensionSCRIPTSDear Sirs,It is a great pleasure to receive your offer on the commission of your first grade product. We are very interested in your first grade product which is superior in quality and is willingly accepted by our customers. We want to place a regular order of 150mt each month. But we can’t accept your offer of 3% commission for this product. Could you accept a price with a commission of 5%? It is appreciated to get your best price CIF New York. We are sure to pay by L/C at sight.We specialize in the trade of household and decorative wares, such as porcelain wares and crystals. We have been working with the Ceramics Department of your Shanghai Office and our relations have proved mutually satisfactory. You may refer to them for any information concerning our firm.We are very much interested in entering into an exclusive arrangement with your corporation for the promotion of sales of your products in America.We await your news with keen interest.Yours faithfully,ANSWERS6.T7. F8. F9. T 10. T7.Sample ImitatingANSWERS11.It seems your business is prosperous12.what’s your usual commission rate for your agents13.if your sales see a substantial increase14.If the annual turnover exceeds US $5 million15.sign an agency agreement with you immediately。
Unit Four Offer
Offers and Counter-offer
objectives
To learn ways of making offers and counter offers. To learn format and some useful terms and expressions used in this unit. To practice writing letters for offers and counter offers.
The promise can be implied in the following qualifying statements: (1)This offer is firm for orders…. (2)This offer remains firm for 3 days. (3)The firm offer is subject to your reply reaching us within 10 days. (4)The offer will be kept open until 15th May.
3.我们有几个客户表示对你们的防水服装 感兴趣并询问了质量情况。如能寄来样 品和报价，将十分感激。 4.请寄给我一份台式计算机的目录本和价 目表，任何说明小册子，以便本公司发 给潜在客户。
1、我公司是一国营公司，专营各种轻工业的进出口业务，与你地 戈登公司（Gordon & Co.）已有多年业务关系。 2、据悉你公司能出口最新型的照相机（camera）RX—31型，故 与你们联系，希能寄我该相机目录一份。同时并请告知其最低价， 以便我与客户联系。 3、我们是世界上最大的丝绸（silk）进口商之一。我们过去一直 是从日本进口的，现在我们想到中国市场订购。 4、我们希望你能告诉我们可供出口的主要品种，最好能寄我们几 份你们的出口商品目录及各种丝绸的剪样，以便我们选择。 5、关于你们3月4日扳手（spanner）的询价，我们首先向你们致 歉，未能迅速报价，因为厂方要研究满足你方特殊需要的可能性。 6、关于你方有关茶具的询价，我们很高兴通知你们，通过我们反 复地努力，厂方已同意供应100套。
商务英语Unit 5
3.brisk demand
active demand
e.g. There is a brisk demand for engineering shares.
e.g. The book is $ 4 net: no bookshop will sell it for less.
5.bill
a list of things bought and their price
e.g. I’ll pay the bill toቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱay.
Refer to sample
Sample 2: A Non-Firm Offer for Chinese Printed Shirting January 10, 2000
II. The Main Content of an Offer Letters
1) Expressing pleasure or thanks for receiving inquiry 2) Making an offer by stating the trade terms 3) Expressing the offerer’s hope for an order from the offeree
Answer the Following Questions
1. What does the writer do in the opening of the letter? 2. What does the quotation include?
Words and Phrases
1.quotation statement of the current price and conditions upon which a supplier is willing to sell or services may be performed
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10/30/2018
1.Several Kinds of Counter-offers
• • • • • •
1) Counter-offer on price . 2) Asks for reduction of minimum quantity. 3) Counter-offer on payment terms. 4) Asks for earlier delivery. 5) Asks for changing the package. 6) Counter-offer on the discount of the goods. 7) Asks for more commission.
10/30/2018
Counter-offer
• A buyer does not agree with any or some of the transaction terms of a quotation or a firm offer, he sends a counter-offer. • No matter how slight the alternation may appear to be, signify that business has to be negotiated on the renewed basis.
10/30/2018
2.The structure of an offer
1)Opening Paragraph: Express your thanks for the enquiry, give your conditions for offer. 2)Transitional Paragraph: • (1) Name of the goods, quality or specifications, quantity, details of prices, discounts, terms of payment, time of shipment, and packing conditions so as to enable the buyer to make a decision. • (2) A supplementary short paragraph to draw the customer’s attention to other products likely to interest the buyer. 3)Closing Paragraph: Express your hope for an order.
10/30/2018
2. The Key ructure of the letter
1) Opening Paragraph: Express your thanks with a courteous sentence. 2)Transitional Paragraph: (1) Express your difficulties to accept the offer and give your reasons. (2) Express your suggestions. 3) Closing paragraph: Express your hope for acceptance of the counter-offer.
10/30/2018
Counter-counter Offers
• The seller receives the buyer’s counteroffer, he has the full right of acceptance or refusal. In the latter case, the seller may make another counter-offer of his own. This process can go on for many a round till the business is finalized or called off.
Lesson Five
Offers and Counter-offers
Offer
• An offer is a promise to supply goods on the terms and conditions stated. • In an offer, the seller not only quotes the price of the goods, but also indicates all necessary terms, such as: description of the goods, quality, quantity, price, time of shipment, terms of payment and so on.
10/30/2018
1. Types of offer
An offer may either be firm--within a certain time-limit or non-firm--be made without engagement. 1) Firm Offer: Firm Offer are made when a seller promises to sell goods at a stated price and within a stated period of time. 2) Non-firm Offer: • (1) Offer subject to prior sale, Offer subject to being unsold. (有权先售报价） • (2) Offer subject to confirmation. （经确认为有效的报价） • (3) Offer on approval. （买方看货后再订的报价）
10/30/2018
The Key Structure of the counter-counter offer