2020上海市青浦区高三物理二模试卷包含答案要点和评分标准

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上海市青浦区2020届高三下学期二模考试物理试题 Word版含解析

青浦区2019学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试物理学科试卷一、单选题（共40分，每题有且只有一个正确答案，1-8题每题3分，9-12题每题4分）1.某移动电源上标志的4500mAh反映的物理量是（）A. 电压B. 电量C. 功率D. 能量【答案】B【解析】移动电源上标志的4500mAh反映的物理量是电量，表示以4500mA放电，可以放一个小时，故B正确，ACD错误．故选B2.马路施工处警示灯是红色的，这除了因为红色光容易引起视觉注意以外，还因为红色光比其它可见光（）A. 容易发生明显衍射B. 容易发生稳定干涉C. 容易发生折射现象D. 容易发生光电效应【答案】A【解析】【详解】A．红光在可见光中的波长最长，容易发生明显衍射，故选项A正确；B．干涉与光的颜色无关，选项B错误；C．所有的光都能发生折射，选项C错误；D．红光在可见光中频率最小，最不容易发生光电效应，选项D错误.3.平均速度定义式为svt∆=∆，当t∆极短时，st∆∆可以表示为物体在t时刻的瞬时速度t v，该定义应用的物理方法是（）A. 等效替代法B. 控制变量法C. 理想模型法D. 极限思想法【答案】D【解析】【详解】当时间极短时，某段时间内的平均速度可以代替瞬时速度，该思想是极限的思想方法，故D正确ABC错误。

故选D。

4.物理学是一门建立在实验基础上的学科，很多定律是可以通过实验进行验证的。

下列定律中不可以通过实验直接验证的是（）A. 牛顿第一定律B. 牛顿第二定律C. 万有引力定律D. 玻意耳定律【答案】A【解析】【详解】A. 牛顿第一定律是牛顿在总结伽利略、笛卡尔等人实验结论的基础上，经过合理的想象和外推总结得来的，指出物体在不受力时的运动情况，而完全不受力的物体是不存在的，故无法利用实验验证，故A正确；B.牛顿第二定律可由斜面上的小车连接打点计时器验证，故B错误；C.万有引力定律由卡文迪许扭秤实验验证，故C错误；D.玻意耳定律可由压强传感器实验验证，故D错误。

2020届上海市浦东新区高考二模物理试题含解析《加15套高考模拟卷》

2020届上海市浦东新区高考二模物理试题一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1、如图，某同学将一足球静止摆放在收纳架上。

他估测得足球的直径约为20 cm ，质量约为0. 48 kg ，收纳架两根平行等高的横杆之间的距离d 约为12 cm 。

忽略足球的形变以及球与横杆之间的摩擦，重力加速度g 取10m/s 2，则可估算出一根横杆对足球的弹力约为（）A ．2.4 NB ．3.0 NC ．4.0 ND ．4.8 N2、图甲为研究光电效应的电路图，当用频率为v 的光照射金属阴极K 时，通过调节光电管两端电压U ，测量对应的光电流强度I ，绘制了如图乙所示的I U -图象。

已知电子所带电荷量为e ，图象中遏止电压C U 、饱和光电流m I 及射光的频率v 、普朗克常量h 均为已知量。

下列说法正确的是（）A ．光电子的最大初动能为-C hv eUB ．阴极金属的逸出功为C eUC ．若增大原入射光的强度，则C U 和m I 均会变化D ．阴极金属的截止频率为-C hv eU h3、如图所示为某齿轮传动装置中的A 、B 、C 三个齿轮，三个齿轮的齿数分别为 32、12、20，当齿轮绕各自的轴匀速转动时，A 、B 、C 三个齿轮转动的角速度之比为A ．8:3:5B ．5:3:8C ．15:40:24D ．24:40:154、高空抛物是一种不文明的行为，而且会带来很大的社会危害2019年6月26日，厦门市某小区楼下一位年轻妈妈被从三楼阳台丢下的一节5号干电池击中头部，当场鲜血直流，若一节质量为0.1kg 的干电池从1.25m 高处自由下落到水平地面上后又反弹到0.2m 高度，电池第一次接触地面的吋间为0.01s ，第一次落地对地面的冲击力跟电池重量的比值为k ，重力加速度大小g=10m/s 2，则（）A ．该电池的最大重力势能为10JB ．该电池的最大动能为100JC ．k=71D ．电池在接触地面过程中动量的变化量大小为0.3kg•m/s5、如图所示，图甲为质点a 和b 做直线运动的位移一时间图象，图乙为质点c 和d 做直线运的速度一时间图象，由图可知( )A ．若t 1时刻a 、b 两质点第一次相遇，则t 2时刻两质点第二次相遇B ．若t 1时刻c 、d 两质点第一次相遇，则t 2时刻两质点第二次相遇C ．t 1到t 2时间内，b 和d 两个质点的运动方向发生了改变D ．t 1到t 2时间内，a 和d 两个质点的速率先减小后增大6、阴雨天里积雨云会产生电荷，云层底面产生负电荷，在地面感应出正电荷，电场强度达到一定值时大气将被击穿，发生闪电。

2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模物理核心考点试题

2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模物理核心考点试题一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题3分，共24分，在每小题给出的答案中，只有一个符合题目要求。

(共8题)第(1)题如图所示一个站在台秤上静止不动，下列说法正确的是（）A．人对台秤的压力就是人的重力B．人对台秤的压力和台秤对人的支持力是一对平衡力C．人的重力与台秤对人的支持力是一对作用力与反作用力D．若人突然下蹲的过程，台秤的示数先减小后增加第(2)题如图所示，某列波在t=0时刻的波形如图中实线，虚线为t＝0.3s（已知该波的周期T>0.3s）时刻的波形图。

已知t＝0时刻质点P正在做加速运动，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．波速为10m/sB．周期为1.2sC．t＝0.3s时刻质点P正向上运动D．在0~0.1s内质点P运动的平均速度为0.4m/s第(3)题关于下列物理公式，说法错误的是（）A．说明力可以用动能对位移的变化率来定义B．说明力可以用动量对时间的变化率来定义C．并不是由推导而来，两者的本质并不相同D．对任何电场A、B两点间的电势差计算都适用第(4)题大爆炸理论认为，我们的宇宙起源于137亿年前的一次大爆炸。

除开始瞬间外，在演化至今的大部分时间内，宇宙基本上是匀速膨胀的。

上世纪末，对1A型超新星的观测显示，宇宙正在加速膨胀。

面对这个出人意料的发现，宇宙学家探究其背后的原因，提出宇宙的大部分可能由暗能量组成，它们的排斥作用导致宇宙在近段天文叶期内开始加速膨胀。

如果真是这样，则标志宇宙大小的宇宙半径R和宇宙年龄t的关系，大致是下面哪个图像（）A．B．C．D．第(5)题如图所示，一带电粒子在两个固定的等量正电荷的电场中运动，图中的实线为等势面，虚线ABC为粒子的运动轨迹，其中B点是两点电荷连线的中点，A、C位于同一等势面上。

下列说法正确的是（）A．该粒子可能带正电B．该粒子经过B点时的速度最大C．该粒子经过B点时的加速度一定为零D．该粒子在B点的电势能大于在A点的电势能第(6)题如图所示，水平地面上堆放着原木，关于原木P在支撑点M、N处受力的方向，下列说法正确的是（）A．M处受到的支持力竖直向上B．N处受到的支持力竖直向上C．M处受到的静摩擦力沿MN方向D．N处受到的静摩擦力沿水平方向第(7)题旋转木马可以简化为如图所示的模型，a、b两个小球分别用悬线悬于水平杆上的A、B两点，A、B到O点距离之比为。

青浦区2020学年第一学期高三物理——评分参考

青浦区2020学年第一学期高三物理质量检测试卷评分参考一、选择题（第1-8小题，每小题3分，第9-12小题，每小题4分，共40分）二、填空题（每题4分，共20分）13．衍射，波动； 14． 2:1 ，4IR ；15．B ， 0.16 (0.1622- 0.1623 )； 16．2 , 60； 17．逆时针，0.5 ;三、综合题（第18题10分，第19题14分，第20题16分，共40分） 18.（10分）（1）压强传感器；（2分）（2）保持温度不变;（2分）（3）D ;（3分）（4）B ;（3分）19.（14分）(1)由题意可知当线框切割磁感线时产生的电动势为V BLv E 2.022.05.0=⨯⨯== ① （1分）根据闭合电路欧姆定律有AA r R E I 21.02.0==+= ② （1分）因为线框所受磁场力为N BIL F 2.02.025.0=⨯⨯==安 ③ （2分） (2)线框进入磁场所用的时间为sv Lt 1.02/2.0=== ④ （2分）故线框穿越过程产生的热量为J Rt I Q 04.01.01.0222=⨯⨯== ⑤（2分）其它方法也可以（3）从bc 边开始进入磁场到ad 边刚进入磁场的这一段时间里,线框做匀速直线运动；从ad 边进入磁场后到bc 边刚离开磁场的这一段时间里,线框做匀加速直线运动；从bc 边刚离开磁场到ad 边离开磁场的这一段时间里,线框的运动有两种可能：一种可能是一直做加速度减小的减速直线运动；另一种可能是先做加速度减小的减速直线运动然后做匀速直线运动；20. （16分）（1）设刹车加速度为a ，由题可知刹车初速度v 0=20m/s ，末速度 v t =0 位移 S =25m （1分）由运动学公式得： 2aS =v 20 ① （1分） av t 0=② （1分） ①②联立，代入数据得：a =8m/s 2，t =2.5s ；（1分）（2）设志愿者反应时间为t′，反应时间的增加量为△t ，由运动学公式得：L -S=v 0 t′ ③ （2分）代入数据解得： t′=0.7s （1分）所以反应时间的增加量为△t =0.7s-0.4s=0.3s ；（1分）（3）设志愿者所受合外力的大小为F ，汽车对志愿者的作用力的大小为F 0，志愿者质量为m ，受力如图，由牛顿第二定律得ma F =合 ④ （2分）由平行四边形定则得：2220)()(mg ma F += ⑤ （2分）由④ ⑤式可得：5410=mg F （1分）（4）因为重力不做功，所以汽车对志愿者做的功等于合力做的功-10000J 258-50=S -F = W =⨯⨯合 ⑥ （3分）其它方法也可以以上答案仅供参考。

2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期教学质量检测(二模)物理核心考点试题(基础必刷)

2024届上海市青浦区高三下学期教学质量检测（二模）物理核心考点试题（基础必刷）一、单项选择题（本题包含8小题，每小题4分，共32分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的）(共8题)第(1)题某行星和地球绕太阳公转的轨道均可视为圆。

每过年，该行星会运行到日地连线的延长线上，如图所示。

该行星与地球的公转半径比为（）A．B．C．D．第(2)题如图所示，质量为的框架放在水平地面上，一轻质弹簧上端固定在框架上，下端挂一个质量为的小球，小球上下振动时，框架始终没有跳起，当框架对地面的压力为零的瞬间，小球所受合力为（）A．B．C．D．第(3)题如图所示，粗糙弧形轨道高为h，将质量为m的小球从轨道顶端由静止释放，小球运动到轨道底端时的速度为v，重力加速度为g。

该过程中，阻力对小球做的功为（）A．B．C．D．第(4)题下列有关近代物理的说法正确的是（）A．普朗克最先提出能量量子化B．结合能越大，表示原子核中核子结合得越牢固，原子核越稳定C．原子核的衰变过程不遵循动量守恒定律D．虽然太阳不断地向外辐射能量，但它的总质量是不变的第(5)题近年来，我国航天事业发展进入快车道，取得了令世人瞩目的成就，“嫦娥”探月，“天问”探火，中国人自己的“太空家园”空间站建成……以下是关于月球、火星、地球的部分数据中心天体天体质量/kg天体半径/km环绕轨道月球7.3×1022 1.7×103“嫦娥”四号月球圆形轨道距月表100km火星 6.4×1023 3.4×103“天问”—号火星椭圆轨道近火点距火星表面265km地球 6.0×1024 6.4×103“天和”核心舱地球圆形轨道距地表400km由表中的数据可以做出下列判断（）A．火星表面重力加速度大于地球表面重力加速度B．“天和”核心舱的运行速度大于7.9km/sC．“嫦娥”四号的运行速度小于“天和”核心舱的运行速度D．“天问”一号从近火点向远火点运动的过程，火星引力不做功第(6)题卢瑟福在1919年以α粒子（）撞击氮原子核（），产生核反应，该反应生成两种粒子，其中一种为，则另一种粒子为（）A．电子B．中子C．质子D．氘核第(7)题如图，带有一白点的黑色圆盘，可绕过其中心，垂直于盘面的轴匀速转动，每秒沿顺时针方向旋转30圈。

2020年上海市青浦区高考物理二模试卷(含答案解析)

2020年上海市青浦区高考物理二模试卷一、单选题（本大题共12小题，共40.0分）1.关于电源电动势E的下列说法中错误的是()A. 电动势E的单位与电势、电势差的单位相同，都是伏特VB. 干电池和铅蓄电池的电动势是不同的C. 电动势E可表示为E=W，可知电源内非静电力做功越多，电动势越大qD. 电动势较大，表示电源内部将其它形式能转化为电能的本领越大2.下列说法中不正确的是()A. 在城市交通中，用红灯表示禁止通行是因为红光更容易产生衍射B. 观看3D立体电影时，观众戴的眼镜是应用光的偏振原理制成的C. 唐诗“潭清疑水浅，荷动知鱼散”中“疑水浅”是由于发生了光的折射D. 阳光下水面上的油膜呈现出彩色条纹是光的全反射现象3.一个物体位移与时间的关系为x=10t−4t2(x以m为单位，t以s为单位)，下列说法中正确的是()A. 这个物体的初速度是4m/sB. 这个物体的加速度大小是2m/s2C. 物体在1s内的位移是10mD. 物体在1s末的瞬时速度是2m/s4.质量为2t的汽车，发动机牵引力的功率为30kW，汽车在水平路面上行驶能达到的最大速度为15m/s，若汽车所受阻力恒定，则汽车的速度为5m/s时的加速度为()A. 1m/s2B. 0.5m/s2C. 2m/s2D. 2.5m/s25.以下电磁波波长由长到短排列正确的是()A. 紫外线红外线可见光B. 红外线紫外线可见光C. 可见光红外线紫外线D. 红外线可见光紫外线6.如图所示，两平行直导线cd和ef竖直放置，两导线内通有方向相反、大小相等的电流，a、b两点位于两导线所在的平面内。

则下列说法正确的是()A. b点处的磁感应强度为零B. a点磁场方向垂直纸面向里C. cd导线受到的安培力的方向向右D. 同时改变两导线的电流方向，导线受到的安培力的方向将也随之改变7.如图所示，在条形磁铁从图示位置绕O1O2轴转动90°的过程中，放在导轨右端附近的金属棒ab将()A. 向左运动B. 向右运动C. 静止不动D. 无法判断8.如图所示是一种烟雾报警器的控制电路图，其简化原理是调节可变电阻R1使U23=0，当有烟雾时，开始触发工作，其中R g是光敏电阻。

上海市青浦区2024届高三下学期二模试题物理含答案

2023学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研物理试卷（答案在最后）本试卷共6页，满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

全卷包括6大题。

考生注意：1.答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、学校、准考证号。

2.选择题的作答必须用2B铅笔涂在答题纸上相应区域内与试卷题号对应的位置，需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

主观题的作答必须用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。

一、北斗卫星导航系统北斗卫星导航系统（简称北斗系统）是中国着眼于国家安全和经济社会发展需要，自主研发的全球卫星导航系统，是为全球用户提供全天候、高精度的定位、导航的国家重要基础设施。

1.北斗系统用电磁波传递信息，下列选项不属于电磁波的是（）A.无线电波B.紫外线C.超声波D.X射线2.在发射北斗导航卫星的过程中，某2s内卫星速度随时间的变化规律为v=（8t+3）m/s，由此可知（）A.卫星的加速度为3m/s2B.卫星在2s内通过的位移为22mC.卫星2s末的速度为16m/sD.卫星做变加速直线运动3.如图一颗北斗导航卫星在做轨道半径为r的匀速圆周运动。

已知地球的半径为R，地球表面的重力加速度为g，这颗北斗卫星的运行周期为_______；向心加速度为______。

4.某颗北斗卫星质量为m，该卫星原来在半径为R1的轨道上绕地球做匀速圆周运动，由于受到极稀薄空气的摩擦作用，飞行一段时间后其做圆周运动的半径变为R2，则R1_______R2（选填“<”、“=”或“>”）。

若已知G为引力常量，M为地球质量，则此过程中合外力对该卫星做功为_____。

5.北斗导航卫星中的“北斗三号"搭载了氢原子钟，原子钟通过氢原子能级跃迁产生电磁波校准时钟。

氢原子的部分能级结构如图，则（）A.用10.5eV 的光子照射，能使处于基态的氢原子跃迁到激发态B.氢原子由基态跃迁到激发态后，原子的电势能增大C.一群处于n =4能级的氢原子向低能级跃迁时，最多可以辐射出3种不同频率的光子D.一群处于用n =2能级的氢原子向低能级跃迁时，发出的光照射金属铂（铂逸出功为6.34eV ），能发生光电效应二、能源能源，是指能够提供能量的资源。

2020届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模考试物理试题(解析版)

2020届上海市青浦区高三下学期二模考试物理试题（解析版）一、单选题（共40分，每题有且只有一个正确答案，1-8题每题3分，9-12题每题4分）1.某移动电源上标志的4500mAh反映的物理量是（）A. 电压B. 电量C. 功率D. 能量【答案】B【解析】移动电源上标志的4500mAh反映的物理量是电量，表示以4500mA放电，可以放一个小时，故B正确，ACD 错误．故选B2.马路施工处警示灯是红色的，这除了因为红色光容易引起视觉注意以外，还因为红色光比其它可见光（）A. 容易发生明显衍射B. 容易发生稳定干涉C. 容易发生折射现象D. 容易发生光电效应【答案】A【解析】【详解】A．红光在可见光中的波长最长，容易发生明显衍射，故选项A正确；B．干涉与光的颜色无关，选项B错误；C．所有的光都能发生折射，选项C错误；D．红光在可见光中频率最小，最不容易发生光电效应，选项D错误.3.平均速度定义式为svt∆=∆，当t∆极短时，st∆∆可以表示为物体在t时刻的瞬时速度t v，该定义应用的物理方法是（）A. 等效替代法B. 控制变量法C. 理想模型法D. 极限思想法【答案】D【解析】【详解】当时间极短时，某段时间内的平均速度可以代替瞬时速度，该思想是极限的思想方法，故D正确ABC错误。

故选D。

4.物理学是一门建立在实验基础上的学科，很多定律是可以通过实验进行验证的。

2020届上海市青浦区高三二模试卷

........................优质文档..................................................优质文档..........................青浦区2019学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷（时间120分钟，满分140分）Q2020.05考生注意：1.本试卷共14页。

2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡（纸）上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。

3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡（纸）上。

如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上也一律不给分。

I.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said.The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.$200. B.$250. C.$300. D.$350.2.A.In July. B.In August. C.In September. D.In October.3.A.The woman needs to see the doctor. B.The woman should pretend to be a patient.C.The woman needs to put in extra efforts.D.The woman should take magic tablets.4.A.Mechanic and customer. B.Advertiser and designer.C.Advertising agent and client.D.Manager and salesperson.5.A.She can’t make herself understood when whispering.B.She’d better avoid speaking even in a low voice.C.She will probably go to see a doctor.D.She has refused to take medicine.6.A.It is full of nonsense. B.It is appealing to him.C.It should be lent to more people.D.It can hardly arouse the woman’s interest.7.A.The lecture was very successful. B.She felt thirsty at the lecture.C.The students were not polite at the lecture.D.The young people have great wisdom.8. A.The woman is now working in a kindergarten.B.The man will soon start a business of his own.C.The man would like to be a high school teacher.D.The woman is going to major in child education.9.A.They have forgot to change their cars. B.The woman’s car has run out of electricity.C.The man is good at telling jokes.D.The park is within five minutes’walk.10.A.She would like to have the typewriter removed.B.Someone else may need the typewriter.C.She does not like the spare desk.D.The office is dusty and old.Section BDirections:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation.The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11through13are based on the following passage.11.A.Bank clerk. B.Restaurant servant.C.Baby sitter.D.Campus gardener.12.A.Write a sound resume. B.Select appropriate courses.C.Arrange their work schedules.D.Improve their interviewing techniques.13.A.To inform students of a university program.B.To interest students in a career in counseling.C.To get counselors to work in the placement office.D.To convince local organizations to hire college students. Questions14through16are based on the following passage.14.A.To find out what happened to the atmosphere and water of our planet.B.To explore what occurred to the natural environment on Mars.C.To confirm that Mars has a much thicker atmosphere now.D.To have access to an orbit to circle around the Red Planet.15.A.Robots that can operate on batteries.B.Robots that are less expensive to build.C.Robots that can run quickly on four legs.D.Robots that have greater load capacity.16.A.Its influence on U.S.movies and TV shows.B.Its tough demands on overseas students.C.Its attempt to spread American culture.D.Its exclusion of American values.Questions17through20are based on the following conversation.17.A.He feels lonely living all by himself.B.He finds it hard to afford the rent all by himself.C.He wants to get help with his courses from his roommate.D.He need to find somebody to make the apartment more comfortable.18.A.The fridge is broken by a heavy box.B.The carpet in the living room is old and dirty.C.The toilet is blocked and the sink has a few leaks.D.The windows in the bathroom can keep the heat up.19.A.Attractive price. B.Convenient location.C.Relaxing atmosphere.D.Furnished bedroom.20.A.Offer a loan to the man. B.Find a job for the man.C.Help the man fix up the house.D.Look for another place.II.Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Luxembourg makes all public transport freeOne square meter Luxembourg makes all public transport free.With a population of602,000, Luxembourg is one of Europe’s(21)(small)countries—yet it suffers from major traffic jams. But that could be about to change.As of March1,2020all public transport—trains,trams and buses—in the country is now free.The government hopes the move(22)(ease)heavy crowding and bring environmental benefits.Tiny country,big traffic(23)(landlock)Luxembourg which is surrounded by three countries is one of the richest countries in Europe.(24)(take)up2,586square kilometers,Luxembourg is roughly the size of Rhode Island.From the capital of Luxembourg City,Belgium,France and Germany(25)all be reached by car in half an hour.High housing costs,especially in Luxembourg City,mean more than180,000of the country’s workforce make regular journeys from those neighboring countries every day.Luxembourg is a very attractive place for jobs.But(26)“booming economy”and high concentration of jobs have led to crowding issues.In2016,Luxembourg had662cars per1,000people,and driving is a“primary means of transportation”for people.That year,drivers in Luxembourg City spent an average of33hours in traffic jams.It fared worse than European cities Copenhagen and Helsinki,(27)have comparable population sizes to all of Luxembourg—yet drivers in both only spent an average of24hours in traffic. Park and rides around Luxembourg’s borders in the three neighboring countries,however,will encourage commuters to use free mass transit.Free transport for allLuxembourg’s public transport system covers the whole country and costs$562million per year to run.The government is putting up the cost of it free so that the people can benefit from the good economy.People still hold the concern(28)making transport free may unintentionally prevent peoplewho would normally walk or cycle in urban areas.(29)a bus coming and they say,“We can get on and travel500meters(30)walking500meters,people seeit’s free”.However,thenew scheme can signal important changes ahead when it comes to Luxembourg’s reliance on driving.K.evident J.accompaniedI.limitations H.typical posed D.discomfort C.embarrassing B.regrettably G.delivered binationF.respectively The government might say,“It’s important that you throw away your car,and look,we made public transport free”—and maybe this is helpful given the enormous cultural shift we need.”Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.At the Oscars,Parasite Makes Best Picture HistoryAt Sunday’s Oscars,on a night when almost everything went as planned and as usual,the one true surprise came in the biggest moment of all.For the first time ever,a film in a foreign language won Best Picture when Bong Joon-ho’s Parasite ,a comedy-drama-thriller about class and secrets,took the big prize.Bong also won the awards for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay.He 31three warm and generous speeches,including one when he won for his directing and thanked fellow nominees (被提名的人)Martin Scorsese and Quentin Tarantino for inspiring him and contributing to the progress of his career,32.And,while he gave most of his speeches in Korean with interpreter Sharon Choi,when he won the first one,he stopped and noted in English:“This is very first Oscar to South Korea.”The affection in the room for the film was 33every time it was mentioned,as well as in its great competition of award.The evening began three and a half hours earlier with a(n)34of the old and the new:the kind of themed singing-dancing number that used to be the 35Oscars opening,but in the absence of a traditional host,it was performed by the thoroughly modern Janelle Monáe.A version of her own song Come Alive was 36by dancers dressed in costumes showing respect to black filmmakers.The speech that followed,however,was much more 37and unpleasant,despite the best efforts of Chris Rock and Steve Martin,the latter of whom 38blew the name of best actress nominee CynthiaErivo.The awards in general have been heavily criticized for how white the nominees are,the failure to nominate any women directors in a year when several made highly regarded films,and plenty of other lack of inclusivity.The Academy’s 39with that criticism seemed evident:There may not have been a lot of performers of color among the nominees,but there were a lot among the presenters and speakers and performers.Several presenters made mention of the 40at issue,which is the kind of thing that happens when people are placed in a situation they don’t want to ignore but also aren’t there to challenge too much.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Facial-Recognition Technology Cannot Read EmotionsDo not believe claims that facial-recognition technology can accurately identify people’s emotions, advised several scientists at the2020AAAS Annual Meeting in Seattle.Such claims that a photo of a face can be easily41are based on a flawed theory that we smile when we are happy and scowl(沉下脸)when angry,said Professor Aleix Martinez.“There’s no way that technology will ever be able to detect42that you’re experiencing following that approach,”Martinez said.Research shows that,on average,people scowl only30%of the time that they are angry,said Lisa Feldman Barrett,professor of psychology at Northeastern University.The rest of the time,they make other faces when they are angry,she said.43,people may scowl for other reasons—“when they’re concentrating,when someone tells them a bad joke,”she said.“Any AI that is claiming to detect a scowl and interpreting it as anger has some real44.”So much goes into communicating our emotions beyond our45movements.Other factors involving little use of language include our body pose,body movement and hormone responses like those that cause one’s face to go red from embarrassment or46,said Martinez.Martinez offered an example of the importance of having enough information.For instance,when he showed people a photo of a47man with his mouth wide open and his eyes nearly closed,most thought the man was extremely angry,his research showed.Yet anyone viewing the context—that the subject was a soccer player—could48that he was displaying excitement while celebrating agoal.A mistake like this may not matter much,but so-called emotion-recognition technology has a larger reach.The technology’s49to incorporate facial movements could have serious,even dangerous outcomes,said Martinez.AI is sometimes used in classrooms,in the judicial(司法的)system and in hiring for jobs,he noted.Many of these systems learn from U.S.and European data50by white people.Such inputs could negatively impact,for instance,the hiring of candidates of other races, Martinez said.“I think we have to take seriously the51in which this AI is being used,”said Barrett.Seth Pollak,professor of psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison,shared research about the52of our ability to understand facial expressions and emotions.For several decades,scientists thought that infants arrived into the world with a little understanding about emotions,Pollak said.To the contrary,babies do not express53emotions.They have a distress system that broadcasts whether they are OK or not.Children learn about emotions beyond good or bad,and research shows that even with incredibly brief levels of exposure to contextual information,very young children start to change how they54their inferences about other people’s emotions.“Human brains are actually able to55patterns and make inferences about what might be happening at a sophisticated computational level with actually very little experience.”he said.41. A.recognized B.interpreted C.noticed D.realized42. A.emotions B.experiences C.incidents D.impacts43. A.Therefore B.However C.Anyway D.Additionally44. A.outlooks B.problems C.results D.mysteries45. A.body B.brain C.facial D.gesture46. A.disappointment B.unemotionality C.excitement D.shock47. A.red-faced B.long-eyed C.round-shouldered D.short-haired48. A.propose B.ensure C.indicate D.infer49. A.failure B.capability C.fight D.initiative50. A.dominated B.calculated C.concluded D.preserved51. A.approach B.direction C.context D.contest52. A.varieties B.differences C.resources D.origins53. A.specific B.internal C.strong D.uncomfortable54. A.pick B.categorize C.express D.expect55. A.take out B.bring out C.carry out D.figure out Section BDirections:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up.“There’s a cyclone coming,Em,”he called to his wife.“I’ll go look after the stock.”Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows and horses were kept.Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door.One glance told her of the danger close at hand.“Quick,Dorothy!”she screamed.“Run for the cellar!”Toto jumped out of Dorothy’s arms and hid under the bed,and the girl started to get him.Aunt Em,badly frightened,threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small,dark hole.Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt.When she was halfway across the room there came a great roar from the wind,and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down suddenly upon the floor.Then a strange thing happened.The house circled around two or three times and rose slowly through the air.Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon.It was very dark,and the wind blew horribly around her,but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily.After the first few twists and turns,and oneother time when the house tipped badly,she felt as if she were being rocked gently,like a baby in a cradle (摇篮).Toto did not like it.He ran about the room,now here,now there,barking loudly;but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen.At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed,and lay down upon it;and Toto followed and lay down beside her.In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind,Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.56.What does the underlined word“cyclone”in paragraph2probably mean?A.deadlineB.floodC.monsterD.tornado57.Why did Aunt Em go into the hole in the floor when the cyclone approached?A.To find the puppy Toto.B.To find shelter from the cyclone.C.To protect their fortune.D.To get tools to help Henry.58.Which of the following is True about Dorothy?A.She managed to control the house.B.She found herself flying in a balloon.C.She turned baby crying loudly.D.She remained undisturbed with Toto.59.Which words can be used to describe Dorothy in the emergency?A.Afraid and brave.B.Curious and tired.C.Flexible and calm.D.Excited and thrilled.(B)The Apollo Missions"That's one small step for a man.One giant leap for mankind."—Neil ArmstrongApollo’s GoalsThe national effort that enabled Astronaut Neil Armstrong to speak thosewords as he stepped onto the lunar surface fulfilled a dream as old as humanity.Project Apollo’s goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth.Apollo13Apollo13has been called a“successful failure,”because the crewnever landed on the Moon,but they made it home safely after anexplosion crippled their ship.When the associated heater was turnedon during flight,the tank exploded depleting almost all of the powerfrom the command module and forcing the crew to use the lunarmodule as a lifeboat.Jim Lovell,Fred Haise and Jack Swigert camehome safely thanks to the mission control team’s improvised procedures and their own ability to implement them.(Launch:April11,1970;splashdown:April17)Apollo14Notable for the return of America’s first astronaut,AlanShepard,to space,Apollo14also was probably the smoothestlunar landing to that point.The crew spent more than ninehours outside the lunar module and set up a number ofexperiments.Shepard set a new distance record by walkingmore than9,000feet on the lunar surface,pulling a hand cartto carry their tools and samples(Launch:Jan.31,1971:lunar landing:Feb.5:splashdown,Feb.9)Apollo15For the first time,humans drove a car on the Moon.The first ofthe Apollo“J”Missions-designed for longer stays on the Moon—the mission carried a lunar rover,which Commander David Scottand Lunar Module Pilot James Irwin used while they were on thesurface for more than I8hours.They traveled more than17milesin the rover,setting up experiments and collecting170pounds of samples.Before leaving the lunar surface,Scott conducted an experiment to test Galileo’s theory that objects in vacuum,without air resistance,would fall at the same rate.He dropped a geological hammer and a feather,which hit the ground at the same time,proving Galileo right.(Launch:July26,1971,lunar landing:July30:splashdown:Aug.7)60.Why has Apollo13been called a“successful failure”?A.Apollo13finally exploded as planned in space.B.All the crew succeeded in landing on the Moon.C.The crew managed to escape from a severe accident and returned to Earth.D.The crew finished the experiment although they failed to land on the Moon.61.Which of the following is True according to the passage?A.It took five days for Apollo14to reach the Moon.B.The lunar rover was used as a lifeboat for space travel.C.Shepard tested Galileo’s theory successfully on the Moon.D.Apollo15remained in space for the shortest period of time.62.Which of the following column is this article most likely to be found?A.Booming ScienceB.Exploring the UnknownC.Mechanical WorldD.Transforming Moon(C)The story of chocolate begins with the discovery of America in1492.Columbus was the first European to come into contact with cacao.Columbus was struck by how much value the Indians placed on them as he did not know the beans were used by currency.It is unlikely that Columbus brought any of these beans back to Spain and it was not until about25years later that Cortez grasped the commercial possibilities when he found the Aztecs using the beans to make the royal drink“chocolatl”.The Spanish,in general,were not fond of the bitter drink so Cortez and his followers made it more palatable by adding cane sugar and later cinnamon and vanilla were added.Spanish monks let the secret out back home and,although the Spanish hid it from their neighbors for a hundred years,finally chocolate’s popularity grew until it was their fashionable drink at the French court and the wise choice of customers at London meeting houses.The cacao tree is strictly a tropical plant only in hot,rainy climates.Thus,its cultivation is limited to countries not more than20degrees north or south of the equator(赤道).The cacao tree is very delicate and sensitive.It needs protection from the wind and requires a fair amount of shade under most conditions. This is true especially in its first two or three years of growth.A newly planted young cacao tree is often sheltered by a different type of trees.It is normal to plant food crops for shade such as bananas,plantain, coconuts or cocoyams.Rubber trees and forest trees are also used for shade.Once established,however, cacao trees can grow in full sunlight,provided there are fertile soil conditions and intensive farming. With cutting and carful cultivation,the trees of strains will begin bearing fruit in the fifth year.With extreme care,some strains can be stimulated to produce good crops in the third and fourth year.The process of turning cacao into chocolate hasn’t changed much since the Swiss made the majorbreakthroughs in the process in the late1800s.First the beans go through a process of fermentation(发酵)and drying.They are then sorted by hand before cleaning and then roasting.Winnowing(风扬) follows which removes the hard outer layers and leaves what is as the“grains”.A crushing and heating process known as Hunte’s Process is then used to remove nearly half of the cocoa butter from the nibs. This makes unsweetened chocolate.Basic eating chocolate is made from a mixture of the unsweetened chocolate with some of the cocoa butter along with other ingredients such as sugar and vanilla.The resulting product is then“purified”and this purifying gives chocolate the silky texture that we know so well.The finished result is then shaped,cooled,packaged by machine,distributed,sold and of course, eaten!63.Why didn’t Columbus bring beans back to Spain at once when he found cacao?A.Because he couldn’t afford to buy the cacao bean.B.Because he didn’t know how to turn cacao bean into chocolate.C.Because he was not aware of the monetary value of cacao bean then.D.Because Spaniards then didn’t favour the chocolate that the Aztecs originally drank.64.The underlined word“palatable”in paragraph2probably means.A.affordableB.agreeableC.patentD.portable65.Which of the following is correct about cacao tree?A.Cacao trees need a lot of looking after to be used commercially.B.Cacao trees require hot,rainy climates and adequate sunlight.C.Cacao trees won’t produce fruit until the fifth year.D.Cacao trees can grow well in all continents.66.Which is the correct order of turning cocoa into chocolate?①The chocolate is reheated to melt it,put into patterns and then cooled to make its final shapes.②The beans are harvested on the farm.③Some cocoa butter is then obtained using Hunte’s Process to make cooking chocolate.④The cooking chocolate is then mixed with other ingredients to make the various types of eating chocolate available today.⑤The beans are winnowed after fermentation and drying and these two processes produce the grains.⑥The finished product is wrapped,sent to shops and then sold.A.②①③④⑤⑥B.②③①⑤④⑥C.②④⑤①③⑥D.②⑤③④①⑥Section CDirections:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.If nothing else,the work suggests the extraordinary skills of the dog.B.The dogs weren’t able to see or smell the difference between these objects.C.But dogs’thermal detection skills may not be useful for long distance hunting.D.Most mammals have naked,smooth skin on the tips of their noses around the nostrils(鼻孔).E.Dogs track prey“not by sight or sound or smell,but by some other and subtler sense”.F.Together,the two experiments show that dogs,like vampire bats,can sense weak hot spots.New sense discovered in dog noses:the ability to detect heatDogs’noses are amazing.Not only are they up to100million times more sensitive than ours,they can sense weak thermal radiation—the body heat of mammalian(哺乳动物的)prey,a new study reveals. The find helps explain how dogs with damaged sight,hearing,or smell can still huntsuccessfully.“It’s a fascinating discovery,”says Marc Bekoff,an expert on dog sniffing(嗅探).“It provides yet another window into the sensory worlds of dogs’highly evolved cold noses.”The ability to sense weak, radiating heat is known in only some animals:black fire beetles,certain snakes,and one species of mammal,the common vampire bat,all of which use it to hunt prey.67.But the tips of dogs’noses are moist,colder than the surrounding temperature,and richly endowed with nerves—all of which suggests an ability to detect not just smell,but heat.To test the idea,researchers at Lund University trained three pet dogs to choose between a warm (31°C)and a surrounding-temperature object,each placed1.6meters away.68.(Scientists could only detect the difference by touching the surfaces.)After training,the dogs were tested on their skill in double-blind experiments;all three successfully detected the objects emitting weak thermal radiation.Next,the researchers scanned the brains of13pet dogs of various breeds while presenting the dogs with objects emitting neutral or weak thermal radiation.The left somatosensory cortex in dogs’brains, was more responsive to the warm thermal stimulus than to the neutral one.The scientists identified a group of14voxels(体素)in this region of the dogs’left brains,but didn’t find any in the right,and none in any part of the dogs’brains in response to the neutralstimulus.69.Also,a specific region of their brains is activated by this infrared(relating to a type of light) radiation,the scientists say.They suspect dogs inherited the ability from their ancestor,the gray wolf, who may use it to sniff out warm bodies during a hunt.“The study is consistent with other research that describes the combined dog nose and brain as a highly complicated platform for processing a broad range of signals,”says Gary Settles,a professor of mechanical engineering at Pennsylvania State University.“The dog nose can distinguish patterns of hot and cold objects at a distance,”he said.“70.That needs further study.”IV.Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.How Do Our Phones Affect Our Parenting?As a pediatrician(儿科医生),I have researched how mobile phone use affects family dynamics. The parent-child relationship is central to children’s social and emotional health and life success—yet I also see how more and more family interactions interrupted by mobile devices…including my own.My interest in the topic began in2010.I worked for a year as a pediatrician in the suburbs outside of Seattle.Many of the parents bringing in their sick kids worked at tech companies and were early adopters of mobile devices.During my training,I had gotten used to children playing with handheld gaming devices,but this was different:parents texted during health-related conversations(were they really processing what I was saying?);looked up medical information online to check my accuracy(was this a sign of parent anxiety?);and used videos to stop children from crying(this was pretty helpful during ear exams,but is it OK other times,I wondered?).I was fascinated by the cultural change America was experiencing with the rapid adoption of mobile devices.But as a pediatrician,I had no idea what to do about it.So when I moved to Boston for training in Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics,I decided to explore the topic in more depth.I started my research by observing families in fast food restaurants—and the results were pretty eye-opening:when parents’attention was highly absorbed in their smartphones,parents talked less to children;responded slower(or not at all)to child bids for attention;and sometimes overreacted to child behavior.Our more recent studies show that in the long-run,parent technology use during parent-child activities leads to more difficult child behavior—which in turn leads to more parent technology usage. It’s a vicious cycle:when kids stress us out,we often go to our phones for escape or to avoid interaction, and this interrupts time with kids or makes them annoyed,and they might react with difficult behavior, and so on.As a working mom of two young boys,I knew how this child-phone multitasking felt to me,but I wanted to hear what others thought.So I interviewed35parents from diverse backgrounds in Boston to understand their experiences.They told me they have never felt their brains split in so many directions —like all the matters of the world could intrude upon home time and“land in their lap”.They expressed both relief and despair when their phones were broken or lost,because while this made it easier to“single-task”on their kids again,they also felt cut off from friends and information.V.TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets.。

2020年上海市浦东新区高考物理二模试卷 (含答案解析)

2020年上海市浦东新区高考物理二模试卷一、单选题（本大题共11小题，共36.0分）1.下列物理量中，属于标量的是()A. 位移B. 加速度C. 动能D. 磁感应强度2.关于重核的裂变，下列说法正确的是()A. 铀核裂变时释放的能量等于它俘获中子时得到的能量B. 重核裂变时释放出大量的能量，产生明显的质量亏损，所以核子数减少C. 铀核自发放出α粒子、β粒子时要释放能量，核电站利用的就是这一能量D. 重核的比结合能小于中等质量核的比结合能，所以重核裂变成中等质量核时，要放出核能，有质量亏损3.用单色光完成“杨氏双缝干涉实验”，光屏上形成的图样是()A. B. C. D.4.已知某种单色光的波长为λ，在真空中光速为c，普朗克常量为h，则电磁波辐射的能量子ε的值为()A. ℎcλB. ℎλC. cℎλD. 以上均不正确5.下列说法正确的是()A. 牛顿第一定律可通过实验直接得以验证B. 牛顿第二定律不可通过实验直接得以验证C. 牛顿第三定律可通过实验直接得以验证D. 胡克定律不可通过实验直接得以验证6.匀速前进的车厢顶部用细线竖直悬挂一小球，如图所示，小球下方与一光滑斜面接触．关于小球的受力，说法正确的是()A. 重力和细线对它的拉力B. 重力、细线对它的拉力和斜面对它的弹力C. 重力和斜面对球的支持力D. 细线对它的拉力和斜面对它的支持力7.如图所示，A、B是两个等量异种点电荷，C、D是A、B连线的中垂线上且与连线距离相等的两点，则()A. 在A、B连线的中垂线上，从C到D，各点电势都相等，场强都相同B. 在A、B连线的中垂线上，从C到D，场强先增大后减小，各点的电势都相等C. 在A、B连线的中垂线上，从C到D，场强先增大后减小，电势先升高后降低D. 在A、B连线上，从A到B，场强逐渐增大，电势逐渐升高8.某弹簧振子沿x轴的简谐运动图像如图所示，下列描述正确的是()A. t=1s时，振子的速度为零，加速度为负的最大值B. t=2s时，振子的速度为负，加速度为正的最大值C. t=3s时，振子的速度为负的最大值，加速度为零D. t=4s时，振子的速度为正，加速度为负的最大值9.将一只皮球竖直向上抛出，皮球运动时受到空气阻力的大小与速度的大小成正比．下列描绘皮球在上升过程中加速度大小a与时间t关系的图象，可能正确的是()A. B. C. D.10.如图为一定质量的理想气体两次不同体积下的等容变化图线，有关说法正确的是()A. a点对应的气体分子密集程度大于b点对应的气体分子密集程度B. a点对应的气体状态其体积等于b点对应的气体体积C. 由状态a沿直线ab到状态b，气体经历的是等容过程D. 气体在状态a时p a V aT a 的值大于气体在状态b时p b V bT b的值11.对于向心加速度的公式a=ω2r，a=v2/r的说法正确的是()A. a与r成正比B. a与r成反比C. 在r不变时，a与ω成正比D. 在r不变时，a与υ2成正比二、多选题（本大题共1小题，共4.0分）12.如图所示，足够长的光滑斜面固定在水平面上，轻质弹簧与A，B物块相连，A，C物块由跨过光滑小滑轮的轻绳连接。

2020年上海二模物理汇编：04基础计算+参考答案+评分标准

2020年上海二模汇编：基础计算1、（2020闵行二模）乒乓球放入水中，排开水的体积为3×10-6米3，求乒乓球受到的浮力。

2、（2020闵行二模）玩具小车在2牛拉力的作用下，沿拉力方向匀速运动了3米，耗时15秒。

求：（1）拉力所做的功。

（2）拉力的功率。

3、（2020宝山二模）已知物体浸没在水中，排开水的体积为2×10-3米3，求物体受到的浮力F。

浮4、（2020宝山二模）杠杆平衡时，动力F1的大小为20牛，动力臂l1为0.3米，阻力臂l2为0.2米，求阻力F2的大小。

5、（2020金山二模）质量为2千克的水温度升高50℃，求水吸收的热量Q吸。

[c水＝4.2×103焦/（千克·℃）]6、（2020青浦二模）质量为2千克的水温度升高50℃，求水吸收的热量Q吸。

【c水=4.2×103焦/(千克·℃)】7、（2020青浦二模）杠杆平衡时，动力F1的大小为10牛，动力臂l1为0.2米，阻力臂l2为0.5米。

求阻力F2的大小。

8、（2020松江二模）质量为0.5千克的铝块温度升高了40℃，求铝块吸收的热量Q吸。

[ c铝=0.9×103焦／(千克﹒℃) ]9、（2020松江二模）某物体在30牛的水平拉力F作用下，沿水平面做匀速直线运动，10秒内前进了8米。

求此过程中拉力所做的功W和功率P。

10、（2020静安二模）质量为5千克的水温度升高2℃，求水吸收的热量Q吸。

[c水＝4.2×103焦/（千克·℃）]11、（2020静安二模）木块在大小为10牛的水平拉力作用下，10秒内沿水平地面前进5米，求此过程中拉力做的功W及功率P。

12、（2020浦东二模）将质量为2千克的铜加热，铜的温度升高了50℃，求铜吸收的热量Q。

[c铜＝0.39×103焦/(千克·℃)]吸13、（2020浦东二模）某物体排开水的体积为2×10-3米3，求物体受到浮力F浮大小。

上海市浦东新区达标名校2020年高考二月质量检测物理试题含解析.doc

上海市浦东新区达标名校2020年高考二月质量检测物理试题一、单项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1．关于自由落体运动，平抛运动和竖直上抛运动，以下说法正确的是A．只有前两个是匀变速运动B．三种运动，在相等的时间内速度的增量大小相等，方向不同C．三种运动，在相等的时间内速度的增量相等D．三种运动在相等的时间内位移的增量相等2．理想变压器的输入端、输出端所连接电路如图所示，图中交流电源的电动势e=311sin(100πt)V，三只灯泡完全相同。

当电键S1、S2均断开时，交流电源的输出功率为理想变压器输出功率的3倍。

下列各说法中正确的是（）A．理想变压器的匝数比为1：3B．灯泡L1消耗的功率是灯泡L2消耗功率的4倍C．断开电键S1，闭合电键S2时，灯泡L1两端的电压有效值为110VD．断开电键S2，闭合电键S1时，灯泡L1的亮度与C项情况下相比较较暗3．如图，质量为m、带电荷量为＋2q的金属块a，在绝缘光滑水平台面上以水平初速度v0向右匀速运动，正碰完全相同的不带电的静止金属块b，碰后金属块b从高台上水平飞出，金属块a恰好无初速度下落(金属块a，b均可视为质点)。

已知在足够高的光滑高台边缘右边空间中存在水平向左的匀强电场(电场区域足够大)。

场强大小E＝2mgq，碰撞前后两金属块之间的库仑力不计，空气阻力不计。

则（）A．在水平台面上碰后金属块b带电荷量为＋2q B．在水平台面上碰撞后金属块b的速度为02v C．第一次碰撞后两金属块不可能发生第二次碰撞D．碰撞后运动过程中金属块b距高台边缘的最大水平距离2 0 4 v g4．如图所示，倾角为30°的斜面固定在水平地面上斜面上放有一重为G的物块，物块与斜面之间的动摩擦因数等于33，水平轻弹簧一端顶住物块，另一端顶住竖直墙面物块刚好沿斜面向上滑动，最大静摩擦力等于滑动摩擦力，弹簧的弹力大小是（）A．12G B．3G C．3G D．3G5．如图所示，高h=1m的曲面固定不动．一个质量为1kg的物体，由静止开始从曲面的顶点滑下，滑到底端时的速度大小为4m／s．g取10m／s1．在此过程中，下列说法正确的是（）A．物体的动能减少了8J B．物体的重力势能增加了10JC．物体的机械能保持不变D．物体的机械能减少了11 J6．下列说法正确的是（）A．β衰变所释放的电子是原子核外电子电离形成的B．贝克勒尔通过实验发现了中子C．原子从a能级状态跃迁到b能级状态时吸收波长为λ1的光子；原子从b能级状态跃迁到c能级状态时发射波长为λ2的光子，已知λ1＞λ2，那么原子从a能级状态跃迁到c能级状态时将要吸收波长为212λλλ-的光子D．赫兹首次用实验证实了电磁波的存在二、多项选择题：本题共6小题，每小题5分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分7．如图所示,生产车间有两个相互垂直且等高的水平传送带甲和乙,甲的速度为v0，小工件离开甲前与甲的速度相同，并平稳地传到乙上，工件与乙之间的动摩擦因数为μ．乙的宽度足够大，重力加速度为g，则（）A．若乙的速度为v0,工件在乙上侧向( 垂直于乙的运动方向)滑过的距离s=2 02vgμB．若乙的速度为2v0,工件从滑上乙到在乙上侧向滑动停止所用的时间不变C．若乙的速度为2v0,工件在乙上刚停止侧向滑动时的速度大小v=02vD．保持乙的速度2v0不变,当工件在乙上刚停止滑动时,下一只工件恰好传到乙上,如此反复. 若每个工件的质量均为m,除工件与传送带之间摩擦外,其他能量损耗均不计,驱动乙的电动机的平均输出功率P=45mgμv08．如图所示，以O为圆心、半径为R的虚线圆位于足够大的匀强电场中，圆所在平面与电场方向平行，M、N为圆周上的两点．带正电粒子只在电场力作用下运动，在M点速度方向如图所示，经过M、N两点时速度大小相等．已知M点电势高于O点电势，且电势差为U，下列说法正确的是()A．M,N两点电势相等B．粒子由M点运动到N点，电势能先增大后减小C．该匀强电场的电场强度大小为URD．粒子在电场中可能从M点沿圆弧运动到N点9．一栋大楼的电梯运行高度为104m，测试人员测试电梯的运行情况。

上海市青浦区2020高考物理监测试题

2019-2020学年高考物理模拟试卷一、单项选择题：本题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的1．如图所示，空间直角坐标系Oxyz处于一个匀强电场中，a、b、c三点分别在x、y、z轴上，且到坐标q=的负点电荷从b点分别移动到a、O、c三点，电场原点O的距离均为10cm。

现将一带电荷量0.2C力做功均为1J。

则该匀强电场的电场强度大小为（）A．503N/C B．50 N/C C．103V/m D．10V/m2．下列关于运动项目的叙述正确的是（）A．若足球的运动轨迹是旋转的香蕉球时，要研究足球的运动足球可以看做质点B．2018年苏炳添在男子100m中跑出的亚洲纪录是一个时刻⨯接力赛中的100m都是指位移C．4100mD．运动员100m短跑用时10s，则其加速过程的平均加速度定不小于22m/s3．下图是a、b两光分别经过同一双缝干涉装置后在屏上形成的干涉图样，则（）A．在同种均匀介质中，a光的传播速度比b光的大B．从同种介质射入真空发生全反射时a光临界角大C．照射在同一金属板上发生光电效应时，a光的饱和电流大D．若两光均由氢原子能级跃迁产生，产生a光的能级能量差大4．光滑水平面上，一质量为m的滑块以速度v与质量为M的静止滑块相碰，碰后两者粘在一起共同运动。

∆。

下列说法正确的是（）设碰撞过程中系统损失的机械能为E∆变大A．若保持M、m不变，v变大，则E∆变小B．若保持M、m不变，v变大，则E∆变小C．若保持m、v不变，M变大，则ED ．若保持M 、v 不变，m 变大，则E ∆变小5．下列说法正确的是（）A ．金属发生光电效应时，逸出的光电子的最大初动能与入射光的频率成正比B ．重核裂变（235113995192054380U+n Xe+Sr+2n →）释放出能量，13954Xe 的结合能比23592U 的大 C ．8 g 22286Rn 经22.8天后有7.875 g 衰变成21884Po ，则22286Rn 的半衰期为3.8天D ．氢原子从能级3跃迁到能级2辐射出的光子的波长小于从能级2跃迁到能级1辐射出的光子的波长 6．如图（a ）所示，理想变压器原副线圈匝数比n 1：n 2=55：4，原线圈接有交流电流表A 1，副线圈电路接有交流电压表V 、交流电流表A 2、滑动变阻器R 等，所有电表都是理想电表，二极管D 正向电阻为零，反向电阻无穷大，灯泡L 的阻值恒定。

2020届上海市高三二模物理试卷

第二学期期中高三年级物理学科质量监测试卷考生注意：1．试卷满分100 分，考试时间60 分钟。

2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包含三部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为填空题，第三部分为综合题。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、班级、学校和准考据号。

作答一定涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

第一部分的作答一定涂在答题纸上相应的地区，第二、三部分的作答一定写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的地点。

一、选择题（共 40 分。

第 1-8 小题，每题 3 分，第 9-12 小题，每题 4 分。

每题只有一个正确答案。

）1．以下运动中的质点，动能保持不变的是（）（ A ）自由落体运动（ B）竖直上抛运动（ C）匀速圆周运动（ D）简谐振动2．物理学史上揭露原子核有构造的现象是（）（ A ）阴极射线现象（ B）重核裂变现象（ C）天然放射性现象（ D）α粒子散射实验现象3．图中安保人员用测温枪丈量行人体温，测温枪丈量体温是因为探测到了行人额头发出的（）（ A ）可见光（ B）红外线（ C）紫外线（ D）白光4．如图， A 、B 两图是由单色光分别入射到 A 圆孔和 B 圆孔形成的图像，由两图能够得出（）（A ）A 图是衍射图像， A 孔直径小于 B 孔直径（B ）A 图是干预图像， A 孔直径大于 B 孔直径（C）B 图是衍射图像， A 孔直径小于 B 孔直径（ D ）B 图是干预图像， A 孔直径大于 B 孔直径图A图 B5．一个密闭容器中装有气体，当温度变化时气体压强减小了（不考虑容器热胀冷缩），则（）（ A ）密度增大（B）密度减小（ C）分子均匀动能增大（D）分子均匀动能减小6．如图，直升机下边悬挂着一面红旗，二者在天空中匀速水平飞翔，的细绳与竖直方向保持必定的夹角，则空气对直升机的作使劲的方向为（ A ）竖直向上（B）水平向右（ C）竖直向上偏左（D）竖直向上偏右7．如下图，把一个带正电的小球 A 固定在圆滑的水平绝缘桌面上，在桌面的另一处搁置带负电的小球B。

2021上海青浦高三二模物理答案

可得v2=gt下 -m（BR2L+2r）H，其中 H为金属棒在磁场中下降的总高度，t下为下降的总时间。
（）（）代入可得v2=gt下 - v1-gt上 =g t下+t上 -v1=gt2-v1
⑧（4分）
答案仅供参考
3
进入磁场时产生的感应电动势 E=BLvb=0.5×0.2×2 3V=0.2 3V
③ （2分） ④（1分）
由闭合回路欧姆定律 I=RE0+r=0.213A=0.2 3A 所以P0=I2R0=0.12×0.5W =0.06W
⑤（1分）
(3)向上进入磁场后，向上做加速度减小的减速运动，速度为零时到达最高点；⑥（2分）
在磁场中向下运动时，金属棒受到安培力和重力作用做加速运动，速度为 v′时对应的加速度
大小 a′为 a， =g-m（B2LR20v+，r）
取极短时间Δt，该时间内速度的变化量大小Δv， =a，Δt=gΔt-m（BR2L0+2r）v，Δt 同理下降过程∑Δv，=∑（gΔt-m（BR2L0+2r）v，Δt） =g∑Δt-m（BR2L0+2r）∑（v，Δt）
题号
答
案
13 γ ，α、β；
14 垂直纸面向外，顺；
1515.
，2G ；
16 24,23；
Байду номын сангаас
17 不容易，增大；
三、综合题（第 18题 10分，第 19题 14分，第 20题 16分，共 40分） 18.（每空 2分）
（1）保护电路；（3）先增大后减小；
（2） 2.9 ； 3 （4）k
19.（14分） (1)a球受力如图，
然后向下做加速度减小的加速运动，直至出磁场。

2020届青浦区第二学期高三物理——参考答案

2019学年青浦区物理等级考二模试卷参考答案2020.5一、单选题 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 BADAABDABACD二、填空题13、γ射线 ; 阴极射线 14、4 ；向下 15、 625 ； 53 16、40 ; 1000.25 17、匀加速; )(2121kR g kRmt +μ 三、综合题18、（10分，每空2分）（1）在注射器内壁上涂一些润滑油；（2）手不能握住注射器的封闭气体部分；缓慢推动活塞；（3）注射器和压强传感器连接处的气体体积；（4）无影响。

19．（14分）（1）因为Fcos37°>mg ，所以杆对环的支持力向下，如图对环进行受力分析：（2分）由力的平衡：mg+N 1=Fsin37°N 1=0.2mg （1分）由牛顿运动定律：Fcos37°-μN=ma 1 代入数据可得： a 1=15m/s 2 （2分）（2） A 到C 的过程中，如上图受力分析，N 1=0.2mg ，方向竖直向下，保持不变。

（2分） C 到B 的过程中，如图所示受力分析，N 2=mg ，方向竖直向上，保持不变。

（2分）G N fF fNG（3）如（2）中的受力分析，有牛顿第二定律可得：f=ma 2μmg=ma 2 a 2=5m/s 2 (2分)设C 处的速度为v ，由运动学公式可得：v=a 1t 1 v=a 2t 2 所以：a 1t 1= a 2t 2 （2分）所以：t 1:t 2=a 2:a 1=1:3 （1分） 20．（16分）（1）（3分）（2）ab 棒下落过程中，对其受力分析，如图所示：（1分）下落过程中，合外力向下，与运动方向相同，故ab 加速。

（1分）由牛顿运动定律及电学相关公式：ma F -mg =；BIL F =； BLv E = ；RE I =； ma RvB 22=-L mg （2分）当v 增大时，a 变小（1分）当v 增大到使F=mg 时，加速度将趋于0，导体棒将做匀速直线运动。

2024年上海市青浦区高三下学期二模物理试题

2024年上海市青浦区高三下学期二模物理试题一、单选题：本题共7小题，每小题4分，共28分 (共7题)第(1)题如图甲所示，某电场中的一条电场线恰好与x轴重合，A点的坐标为。

一质子从坐标原点运动到A点，电势能增加了50eV，x轴上各点电势的变化规律如图乙所示，则下列说法正确的是（）A．x轴上各点的电场强度都沿x轴正方向B．质子沿x轴从O点到A点加速度越来越大C．质子在A点的电势能为50eVD．A点的电场强度大小为20V/m第(2)题图为探究外电压、内电压和电动势关系的实验装置。

这种电池的正负极板（分别为A、B）为二氧化铅及铅，电解液为稀硫酸。

关于这一实验装置分析，下列说法正确的是（）A．电压表正极与a相连B．电压表的测量值大于电路的外电压C．电压表的测量值不会大于电压表的测量值D．电压表和测得的示数之和接近于一定值第(3)题用紫外光电管制作的火灾报警器的灵敏度非常高，其能够探测远处香烟头燃烧时火焰发出的紫外线，因此被称为“火焰发现者”，但它对可见光完全没有反应，因此在使用过程中不需要过滤任何可见光。

已知光电管内部金属材料发生光电效应的极限频率为，对应的波长为；可见光的最高频率为，对应的波长为；可见光的最低频率为，对应的波长为。

下列说法正确的是（）A．一定大于B．一定大于C．一定小于D．一定大于第(4)题实验室里有三根等长细直通电导体棒a、b、c水平放置，如图所示，P、M、N分别是三根导体棒上的点且在同一竖直面内，导体棒b、c中的电流方向垂直纸面向里，导体棒之间的距离PM=P N=L，PM与P N之间的夹角为120°，导体棒b、c固定，导体棒a所受的重力G刚好与它所受的安培力的合力平衡，则下列说法中正确的是（）A．导体棒a中的电流方向垂直纸面向里B．导体棒b对c的安培力方向水平向右C．导体棒b、c对导体棒a的安培力大小均为D．导体棒b、c在P点产生的合磁场方向水平向右第(5)题如图所示，水平地面上一辆货车运载着完全相同的圆柱形光滑空油桶，油桶质量分布均匀且均为m，在车厢底一层油桶平整排列，相互紧贴并被牢牢固定，上一层只有一只油桶C，自由摆放在桶A、B之间，没有用绳索固定，桶C受到桶A、B的支持，和汽车一起保持静止，下列说法正确的是（）A．汽车在水平面上保持静止时，C受A对它的支持力为B．汽车向左加速时，A对C的支持力变小C．汽车向左加速时，B对C的支持力变小D．要使C不发生滚动，汽车向左加速的最大加速度为第(6)题如图所示，上端封闭下端开口的玻璃管在外力F的作用下，静止在水中，管内封闭一定质量的理想气体。