2010真题答案

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2010年专八真题及参考答案

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________ Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresfacial expressions(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________ gesturegestures are related to culture.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlementother cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretproximity, posture and echoingproximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________ posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitudeechoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see ―one man sweating and straining to pull another man.‖ But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaw s on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. ―Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,‖ the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. ―Our city stands for prosperity and development.‖ The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of livechickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer. From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata ―if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.‖ During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, ―When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.‖While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. ―I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,‖ he said, ―but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.‖ Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the cityof rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, ―If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.‖ Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. ―The government was the government of the poor people,‖ one sardar told me. ―Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.‖But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, ―has difficulty letting go.‖ One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.―Which option has been chosen?‖ I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.―When will it be decided?‖―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. ―…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.‖ (2 paragraph)B. ―…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.‖ (4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, ― has difficulty letting go.‖ (7 paragraph).D.―…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.‖(6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags NewEngland, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else." Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores. Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents. But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily. For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too pooror proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suck ers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the caféof his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upperstoreys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: ― For one, sir? This way, please,‖ Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. ―…turned Babylonian‖.B. ―perhaps a new barbarism’.C. ―acres of white napery‖.D. ―balanced to the last halfpenny‖.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the c afé isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental a wareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the ―Mona Lisa.‖When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s r ichest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980sto protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a l ast chance. ―Smelter or death.‖The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.―We have to live,‖ Halldór Ásgrímsson s aid in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. ―We have a right to live.‖27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passageA. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.。

2010年考研真题和详细解析

1. 1984年1月3日，意大利人卡内帕给恩格斯写信，请求他为即将在日内瓦出版的饿《新纪元》周刊的创刊号题词，而且要求尽量用简短的字句来表述未来的社会主义纪元的基本思想，以区别于伟大诗人但丁的对旧纪元所作的“一些人统治，另一些人受苦难”的界定。

恩格斯回答说，这就是：“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的，将是这样一个联合体，在那里，每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。

”这段话表明，马克思主义追求的根本价值目标是（）A．实现人的自由而全面的发展B．实现人类永恒不变的普适价值C．建立一个四海之内皆兄弟的大同世界D．建立一个自由，平等，博爱的理性王国【答案】A【解析】本题考查的考点是马克思主义最崇高的社会理想，即马克思追求的根本价值目标，进入共产主义社会，实现人的自由而全面的发展，所以，正确答案是A选项。

2.有一则箴言：“在溪水和岩石的斗争中，胜利的总是溪水，不是因为力量，而是因为坚持。

”“坚持就是胜利”的哲理在于（）A．必然性通过偶然性开辟道路B．肯定中包含着否定的因素C．量变必然引起质变D．有其因必有其果【答案】C【解析】坚持就是胜利，体现了事物量变发展到一定阶段必然会引起质变，达到事物根本性质的变化，所以，本题体现的是量变必然引起质变，正确答案是选项C。

3. 右边这张照片反映出由于气候变暖，北极冰盖融化，致使北极熊无处可去的场景，颇具震撼力。

它给我们地球上的人类发出的警示是（）A．人与自然的关系成为人与人之间一切社会关系的核心B．生态失衡已成为自然界自身周期演化不可逆转的趋势C．自然地理环境已成为人类社会发展的根本决定力量D．生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提【答案】D【解析】本题考查人与自然的关系，气候变暖给人类发出的警示是人在对于自然的作用过程中，生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提，保护自然，协调人和自然的关系是大势所趋，所以，正确答案是选项D。

4. 劳动力成为商品是货币转化为资本的前提条件，这是因为（）A．资本家购买的是劳动力的价值B．劳动力商品具有价值和使用价值C．货币所有者购买的劳动力能够带来剩余价值D．劳动力自身的价值能够在消费过程中转移到新的商品中去【答案】C【解析】劳动力商品的最主要特点，表现在它的使用价值上。

2010考研数学一真题答案

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题参考答案一、选择题(1)【答案】 (C).【解析】本题属于未定式求极限,极限为1∞型,故可以用“e 的抬起法”求解．()()2lim xx xx a x b →∞⎡⎤⎢⎥-+⎣⎦()()2lnlim x x x a x b x e ⋅-+→∞=()()2lim lnx x x x a x b e→∞⋅-+=,其中又因为()()2222()()lim ln lim ln 1()()()()lim()()()lim()()x x x x x x x a x b x x x a x b x a x b x x x a x b x a x b a b x abxx a x b a b→∞→∞→∞→∞--+⋅=+-+-+⎡⎤--+⎣⎦=-+-+=-+=-⎡⎤⎣⎦故原式极限为a b e -,所以应该选择(C). (2)【答案】 (B).【解析】122212122221x z y z y zF F F F F yF zF zx x x x x F F xF F x⎛⎫⎛⎫''''-+-⋅+⋅ ⎪ ⎪'''+∂⎝⎭⎝⎭=-=-==∂''''⋅, 112211y z F F F z x y F F F x'⋅''∂=-=-=-∂'''⋅, 1212222yF zF yF F z z z xy z x y F F F ''''+⋅∂∂+=-==∂∂'''． (3) 【答案】 (D).【解析】0x =与1x =都是瑕点.应分成=+⎰,用比较判别法的极限形式,对于,由于121012[ln (1)]lim 11mnx n mx xx+→--=.显然,当1201n m<-<,则该反常积分收敛. 当120n m -≤,1210[ln (1)]lim mx nx x+→-存在,此时实际上不是反常积分,故收敛.故不论,m n 是什么正整数,总收敛.对于,取01δ<<,不论,m n 是什么正整数,1211211[ln (1)]lim lim ln (1)(1)01(1)mnmx x x xx x x δδ--→→-=--=-,所以收敛,故选(D).(4)【答案】 (D). 【解析】()()222211111()nnn n i j i j n n n i n j n i n j =====++++∑∑∑∑22111()()n nj i n n j n i ===++∑∑ 12220211111lim lim ,11()nn n n j j n dy j n jn y n →∞→∞====+++∑∑⎰ 1011111lim lim ,11()n n n n i i n dx i n i n x n→∞→∞====+++∑∑⎰()()2222111111lim lim()()n nn nn n i j j i n n j n i n i n j →∞→∞=====++++∑∑∑∑ 221(lim )nn j n n j →∞==+∑1(lim )nn i nn i→∞=+∑1120011()()11dx dy x y =++⎰⎰()()11200111dx dy x y =++⎰⎰. (5)【答案】 (A).【解析】由于AB E =,故()()r AB r E m ==.又由于()(),()()r AB r A r AB r B ≤≤,故(),()m r A m r B ≤≤ ①由于A 为m n ⨯矩阵,B 为n m ⨯矩阵,故(),()r A m r B m ≤≤ ②由①、②可得(),()r A m r B m ==,故选A. (6)【答案】 (D).【解析】设λ为A 的特征值,由于2A A O +=,所以20λλ+=,即(1)0λλ+=,这样A 的特征值只能为-1或0. 由于A 为实对称矩阵,故A 可相似对角化,即AΛ,()()3r A r =Λ=,因此,1110-⎛⎫ ⎪- ⎪Λ= ⎪- ⎪⎝⎭,即1110A -⎛⎫⎪- ⎪Λ= ⎪- ⎪⎝⎭. (7) 【答案】 (C).【解析】离散型随机变量的分布函数是跳跃的阶梯形分段函数,连续型随机变量的分布函数是连续函数.观察本题中()F x 的形式,得到随机变量X 既不是离散型随机变量,也不是连续型随机变量,所以求随机变量在一点处的概率,只能利用分布函数的定义.根据分布函数的定义,函数在某一点的概率可以写成两个区间内概率的差,即{}{}{}()()1111111110122P X P X P X F F e e --==≤-<=--=--=-,故本题选(C).(8)【答案】 (A).【解析】根据题意知,()221x f x e-=(x -∞<<+∞),()21,1340,x f x ⎧ -≤≤⎪=⎨⎪ ⎩其它利用概率密度的性质:()1f x dx +∞-∞=⎰,故()()()()03121001312424a a f x dx af x dx bf x dx f x dxb dx b +∞+∞+∞-∞-∞-∞=+=+=+=⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰ 所以整理得到234a b +=,故本题应选(A).二、填空题 (9) 【答案】0.【解析】因为 ()()22ln 1ln 1tttdy t e dx e -+==-+-,()()()()22222ln 12ln 11tt t td te d y dt t e t e e dx dt dx t -+⎡⎤=⋅=-⋅-+⋅-⎢⎥+⎣⎦,所以220t d y dx ==. (10)【答案】 4π-.t =,2x t =,2dx tdt =,利用分部积分法, 原式220cos 22cos 2sin t t tdt t tdt t d t πππ=⋅==⎰⎰⎰20002sin 2sin 4cos t t t tdt td t πππ⎡⎤=-=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰0004cos cos 4cos 4sin 4t t tdt t ππππππ⎡⎤=-=-=-⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰. (11) 【答案】0.【解析】12222LL L xydx x dy xydx x dy xydx x dy +=+++⎰⎰⎰()()()01221011x x dx x dx x x dx x dx -=+++-+-⎰⎰()()0122122xx dx x x dx -=++-⎰⎰1322310223223x x x x -⎛⎫⎛⎫=++- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭211203223⎛⎫⎛⎫=--++-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭(12) 【答案】23. 【解析】 ()2221221211000211212021r rrz d rdr zdxdydz d rdr zdz dxdydz d rdr dz d r rdrππππθθθθΩΩ⎛⎫⎪⋅ ⎪⎝⎭==-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰4211222r d r dr πθπ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭=⎰⎰126204122r r d πθπ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭=⎰20112266322d πθπππ⋅===⎰.(13)【答案】6a =.【解析】因为由123,,ααα生成的向量空间维数为2,所以123(,,)2r ααα=. 对123(,,)ααα进行初等行变换：123112112112211013013(,,)1010130060202000a a a ααα⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪=→→ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭所以6a =.(14) 【答案】2.【解析】利用离散型随机变量概率分布的性质,知{}001!k k CP X k Ce k ∞∞======∑∑,整理得到1C e -=,即 {}111!!k e P X k e k k --===.故X 服从参数为1的泊松分布,则()()1,1E X D X ==,根据方差的计算公式有()()()222112E X D X E X =+=+=⎡⎤⎣⎦.三、解答题(15)【解析】对应齐次方程的特征方程为2320λλ-+=,解得特征根121,2λλ==,所以对应齐次方程的通解为212x x c y C e C e =+．设原方程的一个特解为*()xy x ax b e =+,则()()*22x y axax bx b e '=+++,()()*2422x y axax bx a b e ''=++++,代入原方程,解得1,2a b =-=-,故特解为*(2)xy x x e =--．故方程的通解为*212(2)x x x c y y y C e C e x x e =+=+-+． (16)【解析】因为22222222111()()x x x t t t f x x t e dt xe dt te dt ---=-=-⎰⎰⎰,所以2224423311()2222x x t x x t f x x e dt x ex ex e dt----'=+-=⎰⎰,令()0f x '=,则0,1x x ==±.又22421()24x t x f x e dt x e --''=+⎰,则21(0)20t f e dt -''=<⎰,所以2211111(0)(0)(1)22t t f t e dt e e ---=-=-=-⎰是极大值.而1(1)40f e-''±=>,所以(1)0f ±=为极小值.又因为当1x ≥时,()0f x '>；01x ≤<时,()0f x '<；10x -≤<时,()0f x '>；1x <-时,()0f x '<,所以()f x 的单调递减区间为(,1)(0,1)-∞-,()f x 的单调递增区间为(1,0)(1,)-+∞.(17)【解析】 (I)当01x <<时0ln(1)x x <+<,故[]ln(1)nn t t +<,所以[]ln ln(1)ln nn t t t t +<,则[]11ln ln(1)ln nn t t dt t t dt +<⎰⎰()1,2,n =.(II)()111101ln ln ln 1n n n t t dt t t dt td t n +=-⋅=-+⎰⎰⎰ ()211n =+,故由 ()1210ln 1n n u t t dt n <<=+⎰,根据夹逼定理得()210lim lim01n n n u n →∞→∞≤≤=+,所以lim 0n n u →∞=.(18)【解析】(I) (1)1222(1)1122(1)(1)2(1)121lim lim (1)(1)2121n n n n n n n n n nx x n n xx n n +-++--→∞→∞--⋅+-+=--⋅--222(21)21lim lim 2121n n n x n x x n n →∞→∞--==⋅=++, 所以,当21x <,即11x -<<时,原级数绝对收敛.当21x >时,原级数发散,因此幂级数的收敛半径1R =.当1x =±时,11211(1)(1)2121n n n n n x n n --∞∞==--⋅=--∑∑,由莱布尼兹判别法知,此级数收敛,故原级数的收敛域为[]1,1-.(II) 设1122111(1)(1)()2121n n nn n n S x x x x n n --∞∞-==⎛⎫--=⋅=⋅⋅ ⎪--⎝⎭∑∑,其中令 12111(1)()21n n n S x xn -∞-=-=⋅-∑()1,1x ∈-, 所以有 12221111()(1)()n n n n n S x xx ∞∞---=='=-⋅=-∑∑ ()1,1x ∈-,从而有 12211()1()1S x x x '==--+ ()1,1x ∈-, 故 11201()(0)arctan 1xS x dx S x x =+=+⎰,()1,1x ∈-.1()S x 在1,1x =-上是连续的,所以()S x 在收敛域[]1,1-上是连续的.所以()arctan S x x x =⋅,[]1,1x ∈-.(19)【解析】 ( I )令()222,,1F x y z x y z yz =++--,故动点(),,P x y z 的切平面的法向量为()2,2,2x y z zy --,由切平面垂直xOy ,故所求曲线C 的方程为222120x y z yz z y ⎧++-=⎨-=⎩. ( II ) 由⎩⎨⎧=-=-++,02,1222y z yz z y x 消去z ,可得曲线C 在xOy 平面上的投影曲线所围成的xOy 上的区域223:{(,)|1}4D x y x y +≤,由()()x x yz z y x '='-++1222,由 dxdy zy yzz y dxdy y z x z dS 24412222--++=⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛∂∂+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛∂∂+=,故(2DDDx y zI x dxdy xdxdy ∑-==+=+⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰12Dπ==⋅=. (20)【解析】因为方程组有两个不同的解,所以可以判断方程组增广矩阵的秩小于3,进而可以通过秩的关系求解方程组中未知参数,有以下两种方法.方法1：( I )已知Ax b =有2个不同的解,故()()3r A r A =<,对增广矩阵进行初等行变换,得111110101010111111a A a λλλλλλ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=-→- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭22111111010101010110011a a λλλλλλλλλ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪⎪→-→- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-----+⎝⎭⎝⎭ 当1λ=时,11111111000100010000000A a ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪→→ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,此时,()()r A r A ≠,故Ax b =无解(舍去)．当1λ=-时,111102010002A a -⎛⎫ ⎪→- ⎪ ⎪+⎝⎭,由于()()3r A r A =<,所以2a =-,故1λ=- ,2a =-.方法2：已知Ax b =有2个不同的解,故()()3r A r A =<,因此0A =,即211010(1)(1)011A λλλλλ=-=-+=,知1λ=或-1.当1λ=时,()1()2r A r A =≠=,此时,Ax b =无解,因此1λ=-.由()()r A r A =,得2a =-.( II ) 对增广矩阵做初等行变换31012111211121020102010102111100000000A ⎛⎫- ⎪----⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪=-→-→- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪- ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭可知原方程组等价为1323212x x x ⎧-=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩,写成向量的形式,即123332110210x x x x ⎛⎫⎪⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪=+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.因此Ax b =的通解为32110210x k ⎛⎫ ⎪⎛⎫ ⎪⎪⎪=+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,其中k 为任意常数.(21)【解析】 ( I )由于二次型在正交变换x Qy =下的标准形为2212y y +,所以A 的特征值为1231,0λλλ===.由于Q 的第3列为22T ⎛ ⎝⎭,所以A 对应于30λ=的特征向量为22T⎛ ⎝⎭,记为3α. 由于A 是实对称矩阵,所以对应于不同特征值的特征向量是相互正交的,设属于121λλ==的特征向量为()123,,Tx x x α=,则30T αα=,即13022x x +=. 求得该方程组的基础解系为()()120,1,0,1,0,1TTαα==-,因此12,αα为属于特征值1λ=的两个线性无关的特征向量.由于12,αα是相互正交的,所以只需单位化：())1212120,1,0,1,0,1T Tααββαα====-. 取()12302,,10002Q ββα⎛⎪⎪==⎝⎭,则110T Q AQ ⎛⎫ ⎪=Λ= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,且1T Q Q -=, 故 1102201011022TA Q Q ⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪=Λ= ⎪ ⎪- ⎪⎝⎭. ( II )A E +也是实对称矩阵,A 的特征值为1,1,0,所以A E +的特征值为2,2,1,由于A E +的特征值全大于零,故A E +是正定矩阵.(22)【解析】当给出二维正态随机变量的的概率密度(),f x y 后,要求条件概率密度|(|)Y X f y x ,可以根据条件概率公式|(,)(|)()Y X X f x y f y x f x =来进行计算.本题中还有待定参数,A 要根据概率密度的性质求解,具体方法如下.()()22222222()(),xxy y y x x xy x X f x f x y dy A e dy A e dy Ae e dy +∞+∞+∞+∞-+--------∞-∞-∞-∞====⎰⎰⎰⎰2,x x -=-∞<<+∞.根据概率密度性质有()21x X f x dx edx A π+∞+∞--∞-∞===⎰,即1A π-=,故()2x X f x -=,x -∞<<+∞.当x -∞<<+∞时,有条件概率密度()()()22222222(),,,x xy y x xy y x y Y X X f x y f y x x y f x -+--+---==-∞<<+∞-∞<<+∞.(23)【解析】()()()22123~,1,~,,~,N B n N B n N B n θθθθ--()()()()31122331i i i E T E a N a E N a E N a E N =⎛⎫==++ ⎪⎝⎭∑()()221231a n a n a n θθθθ=-+-+()()212132na n a a n a a θθ=+-+-.因为T 是θ的无偏估计量,所以()E T θ=,即得()()12132010na n a a n a a =⎧⎪-=⎨⎪-=⎩,整理得到10a =,21,a n =31a n=.所以统计量 ()()12323111110T N N N N N n N n n n n=⨯+⨯+⨯=⨯+=⨯-.注意到1(,1)N B n θ-,故()()()11211D T D n N D N n n⎡⎤=⨯-=⨯⎢⎥⎣⎦()11n θθ=-.。

2010管理类联考综合真题(含答案)

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(E）古典音乐不流行。如果流行，那就说明大众的音乐欣赏水平大大提高了。 32. 在某次课程教学改革研讨会上，负责工程类教学的程老师说，在工程设计中，用于解决数学问题的计算机程序越来越多了，这样就不必要求工程技术类大学生对基础数学有深刻的理解．因此，在未来的教学中，基础数学课程可以用其它重要的工程类课程代替。以下哪项如果为真，能削弱程老师的上述论证？ I，工程类基础课程中已经包含了相关的基础数学的内容。 II，在工程设计中，设计计算机程序需要对基础数学有全面的理解。田，基础数学课程的一个重要目标是培养学生的思维能力，这种能力对工程设计来说很关键。 (A）只有E (D）只有E和皿 (B）只有I和E (E) I、 II和III (C) I、 II和皿
2 2
A
D
c
图3
三、逻辑推理z第26-55小题，每小题2分，共60分。下列每题所给出的（A)、（B）、（C）、（D）、（E）五个选项中，只有－项是符合试题要求的．请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑． 26.针对威胁人类健康的甲型HlNl流感，研究人员研制出了相应的疫苗，尽管这些疫苗是有效的，但某大学研究人员发现，阿司匹林、提苯基乙酷肢等抑制某些酶的药物会影响疫苗的效果，这位研究员指出：如果你服用了阿司匹林或者乙酷基酌，那么你注射疫苗后就必然不会产生良好的抗体反映。” 如果小张住射疫苗后产生了良好的抗体反映，那么根据上述研究结果可以得出一下哪些结论？ (A）小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有服用对乙酷基盼。 (B）小张服没有用阿司匹林，但感染了HlNl流感病毒。 (C）小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有感染了HlNl流感病毒。 (D）小张服没有用了阿司匹林，也没有服用对乙酷基醋。 (E）小张服用了乙酷基盼，但没有服用担苯基乙酷肢。 27.为了调查当前人们的识字水平，其实验者列举了20个词语，请30位文化人士识读，这些人的文化程度都在大 “ 专以上。识读结果显示，多数人具读对3到5个词语，极少数人读对15以上，甚至有人全部读错。其中，蹒 ” ” 跚的辨识率最高，30人中有19人读对，“呱呱坠地所有人都读错，20个词语的整体误读率接近80%，该实验者由此得出，当前人们的识字水平并没有提高，甚至有所下降。以下哪项如果是真，最能对该实验者的结论构成质疑？

2010年考研数学一真题及参考答案

2010考研数学（一）真题及参考答案一、选择题（1）、极限2lim ()()x x x x a x b ®¥æö=ç÷-+èø（ C ） A 、1 B 、e C 、a be - D 、b ae-【详解】【详解】()()2222ln 1()()()()()()()()lim lim lim ()()lim lim xx x x x x a x b x a x b x x x a b x ab a b x abxx x a x b x a x b x x a bx e e x a x b ee eæöæö-ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷-+-+èøèø®¥®¥®¥-+æö-+ç÷ç÷-+-+èø®¥®¥-æö==ç÷-+èø===（2）、设函数(,)z z x y =，由方程(,)0y z F x x =确定，其中F 为可微函数，且20F ¢¹，则z zx y u y¶¶+=¶¶（ B ）A 、xB 、zC 、x -D z -【详解】【详解】等式两边求全微分得：121212()()()0x x y y z z Fu F v dx Fu F v dy Fu F v dz ¢¢¢¢¢¢+++++=，所以有，1212x x z z F u F v z x F u F v ¢¢+¶=-¢¢¶+，1212yy z z Fu F v z y Fu F v ¢¢+¶=-¢¢¶+，其中，2x y u x =-，1y u x =，0z u =，2x z v x =-，0yv =，1z v x=，代入即可。

2010计算机统考真题与答案

一、单选题1、若元素a,b,c,d,e,f依次进栈，允许进栈、退栈操作交替进行。

但不允许连续三次进行退栈工作，则不可能得到的出栈序列是（ D ）A：dcebfa B：cbdaef C：dbcaef D：afedcb2、某队列允许在其两端进行入队操作，但仅允许在一端进行出队操作，则不可能得到的顺序是（ C ）A：bacde B：dbace C：dbcae D：ecbad3、下列线索二叉树中（用虚线表示线索），符合后序线索树定义的是（ B ）4、在下列所示的平衡二叉树中插入关键字48后得到一棵新平衡二叉树，在新平衡二叉树中，关键字37所在结点的左、右子结点中保存的关键字分别是（ C ）A：13，48 B：24，48 C：24，53 D：24，905、在一棵度为4的树T中，若有20个度为4的结点，10个度为3的结点，1个度为2的结点，10个度为1的结点，则树T的叶节点个数是（B）A：41 B：82 C：113 D：1226、对n(n大于等于2)个权值均不相同的字符构成哈夫曼树，关于该树的叙述中，错误的是（B）A：该树一定是一棵完全二叉树 B：树中一定没有度为1的结点C：树中两个权值最小的结点一定是兄弟结点 D：树中任一非叶结点的权值一定不小于下一任一结点的权值7、若无向图G-（V.E）中含7个顶点，则保证图G在任何情况下都是连通的，则需要的边数最少是（A）A ：6 B：15 C：16 D：218、对下图进行拓补排序，可以得到不同的拓补序列的个数是（B ）A：4 B：3 C：2 D：19、已知一个长度为16的顺序表L，其元素按关键字有序排列，若采用折半查找法查找一个不存在的元素，则比较次数最多是（A）A：4 B：5 C：6 D：710、采用递归方式对顺序表进行快速排序，下列关于递归次数的叙述中，正确的是（D）A：递归次数与初始数据的排列次序无关B：每次划分后，先处理较长的分区可以减少递归次数C：每次划分后，先处理较短的分区可以减少递归次数D：递归次数与每次划分后得到的分区处理顺序无关11、对一组数据（2，12，16，88，5，10）进行排序，若前三趟排序结果如下（A）第一趟：2，12，16，5，10，88第二趟：2，12，5，10，16，88第三趟：2，5，10，12，16，88则采用的排序方法可能是：A：起泡排序 B：希尔排序 C：归并排序 D：基数排序12、下列选项中，能缩短程序执行时间的措施是（D）I 提高CPU时钟频率，II优化数据通过结构，III对程序进行编译优化A：仅I和II B：仅I和III C：仅II和III D：I，II，III13、假定有4个整数用8位补码分别表示r1=FEH ,r2=F2H ,r3=90H,r4=F8H,若将运算结果存放在一个8位的寄存器中，则下列运算会发生溢出的是（C）A： r1*r2 B ：r2*r3 C：r1*r4 D：r2*r414、假定变量I,f,d数据类型分别为int,float和double(int用补码表示，float和double分别用IEEE754单精度和双精度浮点数据格式表示)，已知i=785,f=1.5678,d=1.5若在32位机器中执行下列关系表达式，则结果为真是（C）（I）f=(int)(float)I (II)f=(float)(int)f (III)f=(float)(double) (IV)=(d+f)-d=fA：仅I和II B：仅I和III C：仅II和III D：仅III和IV15、假定用若干个2k*4位芯片组成一个8*8位存储器，则地址0B1FH所在芯片的最小地址是（D）A：0000H B：0600H C： 0700H D：0800H16、下列有关RAM和ROM的叙述中，正确的是（A）I、 RAM是易失性存储器，ROM是非易失性存储器II、 RAM和ROM都是采用随机存取的方式进行信息访问III、RAM和ROM都可用作CacheIV、RAM和ROM都需要进行刷新A：仅I和II B：仅II和III C：仅I,II，III D：仅II，III，IV17、下列命令组合情况中，一次访存过程中，不可能发生的是（D）A：TLB未命中，Cache未命中，Page未命中B：TLB未命中，Cache命中，Page命中C：TLB命中，Cache未命中，Page命中D：TLB命中，Cache命中，Page未命中18、下列存储器中，汇编语言程序员可见的是（B）A：存储器地址寄存器（MAR） B：程序计数器（PC）C：存储器数据寄存器（MDR） D：指令寄存器（IR）19、下列不会引起指令流水阻塞的是（A）A：数据旁路 B：数据相关 C：条件转移 D：资源冲突20、下列选项中的英文缩写均为总线标准的是（D）A：PCI、CRT、USB、EISA B：ISA、CPI、VESA、EISAC：ISA、SCSI、RAM、MIPS D：ISA、EISA、PCI、PCI-Express21、单级中断系统中，中断服务程序执行顺序是（A）I、保护现场 II、开中断 III、关中断 IV、保存断点V、中断事件处理 VI、恢复现场 VII、中断返回A：I、V、VI、II、VIIB：III、I、V、VIIC：III、IV、V、VI、VIID：IV、I、V、VI、VII22、假定一台计算机的显示存储器用DRAM芯片实现，若要求显示分辨率为1600*1200，颜色深度为24位，帧频为85Hz，显示总带宽的50% 用来刷新屏幕，则需要的显存总带宽至少约为（D）A ：245 MbpsB：979 MbpsC：1958 MbpsD：7834Mbps23、下列选项中，操作S提供的给应用程序的接口是（A）A：系统调用B：中断C：库函数D：原语24、下列选项中，导致创进新进程的操作是（C）I用户成功登陆 II设备分配 III启动程序执行A：仅I和IIB：仅II和IIIC：仅I和IIID：I，II，III25、设与某资源相关联的信号量初值为3，当前值为1，若M表示该资源的可用个数，N表示等待资源的进程数，则M,N分别是（B ）A：0，1B：1，0C：1，2D：2，026、下列选项中，降低进程优先权级的合理时机是（ A ）A：进程的时间片用完B：进程刚完成Z/O，进入就绪队列C：进程长期处于就绪队列中D：就绪从就绪状态转为运行态27、进行P0和P1的共享变量定义及其初值为（ A ）boolean flag[2]；int turn=0；flag[0]=faulse；flag[1]=faulse；若进行P0和P1访问临界资源的类C代码实现如下：Void p0（）// 进程p0 Void p1（）// 进程p1{while（TURE）} {while（TURE）}Flag[0]=TURE;ture=1 Flag[1]=TURE; ture=1While （flag[1]&&（turn==1）） While （flag[0]&&（turn==0））临界区：Flag[0]=FALSE; Flag[1]=FALSE;} }} }则并发执行进程P0和P1时产生的情况是：A：不能保证进程互斥进入临界区，会出现“饥饿”现象B：不能保证进程互斥进入临界区，不会出现“饥饿”现象C：能保证进程互斥进入临界区，会出现“饥饿”现象D：能保证进程互斥进入临界区，不会出现“饥饿”现象28、某基于动态分区存储管理的计算机，其主存容量为55mb（初试为空间），采用最佳适配（Best fit）算法，分配和释放的顺序为：分配15mb，分配30mb，释放15mb，分配8mb，此时主存中最大空闲分区的大小是（ B ）A：7mbB：9mbC：10mbD：15mb29、某计算机采用二级页表的分页存储管理方式，按字节编制，页大小为216字节，页表项大小为2字节，逻辑地址结构为逻辑地址空间大小为216页，则表示整个逻辑地址空间的页目录表中包含表项的个数至少是（ B ）A：64B：128C：256D：51230、设文件索引节点中有7个地址项，其中4个地址项为直接地址索引，2个地址项是一级间接地址索引，1个地址项是二级间接地址索引，每个地址项大小为4字节，若磁盘索引块和磁盘数据块大小均为256字节，则可表示的单个文件的最大长度是（ C ）A：33kbB：519kbC：1057kbD：16513kb31、设置当前工作目录的主要目的是（ C ）A：节省外存空间B：节省内容空间C：加快文件的检索速度D：加快文件的读写速度32、本地用户通过键盘登录系统时，首先获得键盘输入信息的程序是（B ）A：命令解释程序B：中断处理程序C：系统调用程序D：用户登录程序33、下列选项中，不属于网络体系结构中所描述的内容是（ C ）A：网络的层次B：每一层使用的协议C：协议的内部实现细节D：每一层必须完成的功能34、在下图所示的采用“存储-转发”方式分组的交换网络中，所有链路的数据传输速度为100mbps，分组大小为1000B，其中分组头大小20B，若主机H1向主机H2发送一个大小为980000B的文件，则在不考虑分组拆装时间和传播延迟的情况下，从H1发送到H2接收完为止，需要的时间至少是（ A ）A：80msB：80.08msC：80.16msD：80.24ms35、某自治系统采用RIP协议，若该自治系统内的路由器R1收到其邻居路由器R2的距离矢量中包含信息＜net1，16＞，则可能得出的结论是（ A ）A：R2可以经过R1到达net1，跳数为17B：R2可以到达net1，跳数为16C：R1可以经过R2到达net1，跳数为17D：R1不能进过R2到达net136、若路由器R因为拥塞丢弃IP分组，则此时R可以向发出该IP分组的源主机发送的ICMP报文件类型是（ C ）A：路由重定向B：目的不可达C：源抑制D：超时37、某网络的IP地址为192.168.5.0/24采用长子网划分，子网掩码为255.255.255.248，则该网络的最大子网个数，每个子网内的最大可分配地址个数为（ B ）A：32，8B：32，6C：8，32D：8，3038、下列网络设备中，能够抑制网络风暴的是（ C ）Ⅰ中继器Ⅱ集线器Ⅲ网桥Ⅳ路由器A：仅Ⅰ和ⅡB：仅ⅢC：仅Ⅲ和ⅣD：仅Ⅳ39、主机甲和主机乙之间已建立一个TCP连接，TCP最大段长度为1000字节，若主机甲的当前拥塞窗口为4000字节，在主机甲向主机乙连接发送2个最大段后，成功收到主机乙发送的第一段的确认段，确认段中通告的接收窗口大小为2000字节，则此时主机甲还可以向主机乙发送的最大字节数是（ A ）A：1000B：2000C：3000D：400040、如果本地域名服务无缓存，当采用递归方法解析另一网络某主机域名时，用户主机本地域名服务器发送的域名请求条数分别为（ A ）A：1条，1条B：1条，多条C：多条，1条D：多条，多条二、综合应用题：41-47小题，共计70分41.（10分）将关键字序列（7、8、11、18、9、14）散列存储到散列列表中，散列表的存储空间是一个下标从0开始的一个一维数组散列函数维：H（key）=（key×3）MODT，处理冲突采用线性探测再散列法，要求装填（载）因子为0.7问题：（1）请画出所构造的散列表；（2）分别计算等概率情况下，查找成功和查找不成功的平均查找长度。

2010英语一真题(后附答案详解)

2010英语一真题(后附答案详解)阅读理解Passage 1文章摘要：本文讨论了生育与工作的平衡问题，认为传统的观念使得女性难以在事业与家庭之间取得平衡。

作者提出了一些建议，以促进女性在职场与家庭中取得更好的平衡。

文章主要观点：1.传统观念对女性造成了困扰，不利于她们在事业与家庭之间取得平衡。

2.需要改变传统观念，鼓励女性在职场中追求成功，并提供更好的支持与资源。

3.女性在事业与家庭之间取得平衡对整个社会都有益处。

解题思路：本文主要讲述了生育与工作的平衡问题，作者观点明确，文章结构清晰，很容易找到答案。

答案详解：1.According to the author, a successful career womanis usually one who ______.因为前半部分提到了“What does it take for a woman to become successful in business? Talent, stamina, and theability to work long hours…” 后半部分又提到了“My ownresearch, on the other hand, suggests that becoming asuccessful business woman usually requires a largemeasure of luck.” 可知，作者认为一个成功的职业女性通常需要的是运气而不是实力。

答案：D. has more than a fair share of luck.2.It can be inferred from the passage that ______.根据文章最后一句可以判断出以上观点都是错误的。

答案：A. none of the traditional views on balancing work and family is correct.3.What is preventing women from striking a balancebetween family and work, according to some researchers?根据文章最后一段的描述可以得知，很多研究者认为传统的观念对女性造成了困扰，防碍了她们在事业和家庭之间取得平衡。

2010年高考全国卷语文试题及答案解析

2010年高考全国卷语文试题及答案解析2010年高校招生全国统一考试语文（全国卷）语文一、（12分，每小题3分）1.下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是A.行伍（hng）名宿（s）恶贯满盈（yng）厉兵秣马（m）B倾轧（zh）不啻（ch）补苴罅漏（xia）荆钗布裙（chi）C.巨擘（b）河蚌（bng）得不偿失（chng）莘莘学子（shn）D.解剖（po）羁绊（j）火中取栗（l）感慨系之（x）【答案】C【解析】A项厉兵秣m马，B项倾轧y，D项解剖pu。

本题主要考查多音字和常见误读字的读音，字音尤其是多音字的识记，一要注意从词语含义上区别；二要注意从词性上区别，如宿；三要注意通过书面语与口头语的不同记忆，如血；四要注意记少不记多，像蚌只有地名蚌埠中读bng，记住这一处特殊读音既可；五要记住一些常考的字音。

【考点】识记现代汉语普通话的字音，能力层级为识记A2.下列各句中，加点的成语使用正确的一项是A.现在我们单位职工上下班或步行，或骑车，为的是倡导绿色、低碳生活。

尤为可喜的是，始作俑者是我们新来的局长。

B.几年前，学界几乎没有人不对他的学说大加挞伐，可现在当他被尊奉为大师之后，移樽就教的人简直要踏破他家的门槛。

C.他是当今少数几位声名卓著的电视剧编剧之一，这不光是因为他善于编故事，更重要的原因是他写的剧本声情并茂，情节曲折。

D.旁边一位中学生模样的青年诚恳地说：叔叔，这些都是名人的字画，您就买一幅吧，挂在客厅里不仅美观大气，还可附庸风雅。

【答案】B【解析】A、始作俑者：俑，古代殉葬用的木制或陶制的俑人。

开始制作俑的人。

比喻首先做某件坏事的人。

B、移樽就教：樽，古代盛酒器；就，凑近。

端着酒杯离座到对方面前共饮，以便请教。

比喻主动去向人请教。

C、声情并茂：并，都；茂，草木丰盛的样子，引申为美好。

指演唱的音色、唱腔和表达的感情都很动人。

D、附庸风雅：附庸，依傍，追随；风雅，泛指诗歌。

指缺乏文化修养的人为了装点门面而结交文人，参加有关文化活动。

2010年国考行测真题答案与解析

2010年国考真题与解析第一部分言语理解与表达（共40题，参考时限35分钟）本部分包括表达与理解两方面的内容。

请根据题目要求，在四个选项中选出一个最恰当的答案。

请开始答题：1．“诗是不可译的，中国古典诗歌更是不可译的。

”爱好古典诗歌的中国人包括不少作家、学者、翻译家常常如是说，语气中带着七分________三分________。

然而，话说回来，如果没有翻译，中国古典诗歌如何走出国门、走向世界呢？依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是：A．自豪遗憾 B．无奈悲伤C．感伤埋怨 D．骄傲惭愧【答案选A】【解析】“诗是不可译的，中国古典诗歌更是不可译的。

”主要体现出自豪之处，但是请注意到关联词“然而，话说回来”，这里又能看到有些许遗憾。

【原文出处】“诗是不可译的，中国古典诗歌更是不可译的。

”爱好古典诗歌的中国人，包括不少作家、学者、翻译家常常如是说，语气中带着七分自豪三分遗憾。

然而，话说回来，如果没有翻译，中国古典诗歌如何走出国门，走向世界呢？换个角度来看，中国古典诗歌的出口似乎面临着一个两难境地：一方面它是地道的国货，是真正“由中国制造”的文化产品，所以更需要保持其“原汁原味”；另一方面它本来不是为出口而生产的，若不经过这样或那样的包装或改装，能成功进入“国际市场”吗？除非全世界人民都学通了古汉语，自己能欣赏并主动进口原装的中国古典诗歌。

人民日报：《古典诗歌“不可译” 如何走向世界》2．茶艺与茶道精神是中国茶文化的核心。

“艺”是指制茶、煮茶、品茶等艺茶之术，“道”是指艺茶过程中所________的精神。

有道而无艺，那是________的理论；有艺而无道，艺则无精、无神。

依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是：A．传达虚浮 B．包涵虚无C．贯穿空洞 D．体现枯燥【答案选C】【解析】传达：向别人转述；包涵：包括，含有；贯穿：贯串，穿过，连通；体现：某种性质或现象通过某一事物具体表现出来；能够用在艺茶过程中的应为“贯穿”。

(完整word版)2010年专四真题答案与解析

2010年专四答案与解析PART I DICTATIONFreshman’s WeekBritain has a well—respected higher education system and some of the top universities and research institutions in the world。

But to those who are new to this system, it can sometimes be confusing。

October is usually the busiest month in the academic calendar。

Universities have something called “freshman’s week”for their newcomers。

It’s a great opportunity to make new friends， join in lots of clubs and settle into university life。

However, having just left the comfort of home and all your friends behind, the prospect of meeting strangers in classrooms and dormitories can be worrying。

Where do you start? And who should you make friends with？ Which clubs and society should you join？ Luckily， there will be thousands of others in the same boat as you. They worry about starting their university social life on the right foot。

2010国家公务员考试真题《行测真题答案与解析》(资料分析)

2010公务员考试真题《行测真题答案与解析》（资料分析）第四部分：资料分析之第一、二题(共25题，参考时限25分钟)所给出的图、表、文字或综合性资料均有若干个问题要你回答。

你应根据资料提供的信息进行分析、比较、计算和判断处理。

请开始答题：一、根据以下资料，回答91~95题。

中国汽车工业协会发布的2009年4月份中国汽车产销数据显示，在其他国家汽车销售进一步疲软的情况下，国内乘用车销量却持续上升，当月销量已达8 3．1万辆，比3月份增长7．59％，同比增长37．37％。

乘用车细分为基本型乘用车(轿车)、多功能车(MPV)、运动型多用途车(SUV)和交叉型乘用车。

其中，轿车销量比3月份增长8．3％，同比增长33．04％；MPV销量比3月份下降3．54％，同比下降4．05％；SUV销量比3月份增长19．27％，同比增长22．55％；交叉型乘用车销量比3月份增长3．62％，同比增长70．66％。

轿车、MPV、SUV和交叉型乘用车销量占4月份乘用车总销量的比重分别为71％、2％、6％和21％。

91. 与上年同期相比，2009年4月份乘用车销量约增长了多少万辆?A 13．2B 22．6C 31．1D 40．4【QZZN答案选B】【田老鼠解析】与上年同期相比，2009年4月份乘用车销量约增长了83.1/(1+37.37%)约等于83.1* 0.4/1.4约等于23.所以选择B 22.692．2009年3月份轿车销量约为多少万辆?A 64B 59C 54D 50【QZZN答案选C】【田老鼠解析】 2009年4月份轿车销量约为83.1*71%约等于59万辆，200 9年3月份轿车销量约为 59/（1+8.3%）约等于54万辆。

93．2008年4月，SUV销量比MPV销量约：A 少2．3万辆B 多2．3万辆C 少3．4万辆D 多3．4万辆【QZZN答案选B】【田老鼠解析】2008年4月，SUV销量为（83.1*6%）/（1+22.55%）约等于4万辆。

2010年全国高考语文试题及答案-全国

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国Ⅱ卷）语文试题第一卷本卷共10小题，每小题3分，共30分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求。

一、(12分·每小题3分)1、下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是A、泊．车(b6) 称．心（chèn) 唱主角．(jiǎo) 弹．丸之地(dàn)B、苍穹．(qióng) 掺．和(cān) 单行．本(xíng) 不偏不倚．(yǐ)C、梦魇．(yǎn) 本埠．(bù）黑魆魆．．(xū) 燕颔．虎颈(hàn)D、祝祷．(dǎo) 鞭笞．(chī) 便．利店(biàn) 名噪．一时(cào)2、下列各句中，加点的成语便用不恰当的一项是A、这名运动员看上去一副弱不胜衣．．．．的样子，实际上，他身体健，骨骼强健，耐力和速度非一般人可比。

B、在座的各位都是本领域的顶尖专家，我们请大家来，就是想听听各位的高见，大家不必客气、就姑妄言之．．．．吧。

C、他闲来无事，就经常上网发一些飞短流长．．．．的帖子，结果不仅弄得与同事邻里的关系很紧张，甚至还惹上了官司。

D、唐玄宗虽早就觉察到安安禄山有反叛之心，但并没有及时除掉他，反而放虎归山．．．．，让他出任范阳节度使，这未免有点蹊跷。

3、下列各句中，没有语病的一句是A、随着“天河一号”的问世，我国成为继美国后第二个能够研制运算速度为每秒千万亿次的超级计算机的国家，在这一重要科学领域中跻身前列。

B、该厂狠抓生产质量，重视企业文化，十几年来凝聚了一批技术骨干，所生产的内衣产量成为全国同行业销售额率先突破十亿大关的一个著名品牌。

C、对于那些指责这些学说缺乏理论支持、说她不以实验而以先验方式作一般性推理的人，这表明他们对这一学说缺乏深入认识，还没有掌握其精髓。

D、那个年代的手抄本很难得，书中的故事对我产生了潜移默化的影响，爱国心、人生观、事业心、爱情观以及手抄本那漂亮的字迹也让我非常喜欢。

2010年国家公务员考试行测真题答案及解析

2010年国家公务员考试行测真题答案及解析2010年12月06日 12:591.关键词：十七大报告、社会建设【答案】D。

强化政府服务职能，建设服务型政府2.关键词：综合国力、【答案】C。

我国在哥本哈根气候峰会上提出了单位GDP碳减排的量化目标3.关键词：西部大开发战略【答案】C。

西部大开发覆盖地域指陕、甘、宁、青、新等西北五省(区)及西藏自治区4.关键词：能源条件【答案】B。

富煤、缺油、少气5.关键词：第六次人口普查【答案】B。

所取得的数据不得作为对普查对象实施处罚的依据6.关键词：法律规定【答案】D。

丁村享有选举权的村民有500人，其中300人参与了村委会主任选举，候选人王某、张某和黄某分别获得选票120票、100票和80票，因而王某当选7.关键词：人大代表选举【答案】D.2010年修改的选举法规定，全国人民代表大会代表名额，按照每一代表所代表的城乡人口数2：1的原则，以及保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量代表的要求进行分配8.关键词：国防动员法【答案】D。

全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国家主席9.关键词：西柏坡时期、先后顺序【答案】A.①③②10.关键词：人类航天史【答案】D。

载人飞船首次在地球轨道上实现交会和对接是在20世纪60年代11.关键词：近30年来、前沿技术领域、重大突破【答案】D。

超大规模集成电路、第三代移动通信、高性能计算机、超级杂交水稻12.关键词：经济发展现状【答案】C。

对石油进口的依存度已接近30%13.关键词：货币升值【答案】D。

有利于消除贸易逆差14.关键词：军衔制度【答案】A。

士兵军衔肩章版面底色有棕绿色、天蓝色、黑色三种15.关键词：交通建设【答案】A。

目前国道线采用数字编号，分别以1、2、3、4开头16.关键词：第三个副省级新区【答案】C。

重庆两江17.关键词：民族关系【答案】B。

汉族离不开少数民族，少数民族离不开汉族，少数民族之间也相互离不开18.关键词：地震【答案】A。

word2010试题及答案

word2010试题及答案Word 2010基础试题及答案一、单项选择题1. Word是Microsoft公司提供的一个________。

A. 操作系统B. 表格处理软件C. 文字处理软件D. 数据库管理系统2. 启动Word是在启动________的基础上进行的。

A. WindowsB. UCDOSC. DOSD. WPS3. 在Word“文件”菜单底部列出的文件名表示________。

A. 该文件正在使用B. 该文件正在打印C. 扩展名为DOC的文件D. Word最近处理过的文件4. Word文档文件的扩展名是。

A. txtB. wpsC. docD. wod5. 第一次保存文件，将出现________对话框。

A. 保存 B 全部保存C. 另存为 D 保存为6. 在Word编辑窗口中要将光标移到文档尾可用________。

A. Ctrl+ BC. Ctrl+ D7. 要打开菜单，可用________键和各菜单名旁带下划线的字母。

A. Ctrl B ShiftC. Alt D Ctrl+Shift8. 以下关于“Word文本行”的说法中，正确的说法为________。

A. 输入文本内容到达屏幕右边界时，只有按回车键才能换行B. Word文本行的宽度与页面设置有关C. 在Word中文本行的宽度就是显示器的宽度D. Word文本行的宽度用户无法控制9.“剪切”命令用于删除文本和图形，并将删除的文本或图形放置到________。

A. 硬盘上 B 软盘上C. 剪贴板上 D 文档上10. 关于Word查找操作的错误说法是________。

A. 可以从插入点当前位置开始向上查找B. 无论什么情况下，查找操作都是在整个文档范围内进行C. Word可以查找带格式的文本内容D. Word可以查找一些特殊的格式符号，如分页线等11. 打印预览中显示的文档外观与________的外观完全相同。

A. 普通视图显示B. 页面视图显示C. 实际打印输出D. 大纲视图显示12. 当编辑具有相同格式的多个文档时，可使用________。

2010考研数一真题答案及详细解析

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2010考研英语真题答案(仅答案-完整)

2010年真题答案（多方答案不统一，仅参考）Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。

2.B解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。

3.C解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。

所以这里应选择C。

4.B解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。

四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。

5.C解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。

四个选项中有描述含义的是C项accounts。

6.B解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。

Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。

7.D解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。

8.A解析：A项awareness 意思是“意识”，B项expectation意为“期望”，C项sentiment 意为“”观点，意见，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。

所以选A。

9.C解析：be enough to do sth, 足够做某事，符合上下文。

10.D解析：by oneself 表示“独自地”，这里的itself 代指an awareness of ...。

11.C解析：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语。

2010高考试题及答案

2010高考试题及答案一、选择题1. 下列哪个选项是正确的？A. 地球是平的B. 太阳从东方升起C. 月亮比地球大D. 一年四季都是夏天答案：B2. 根据题目所给的选项，正确答案是：A. 1+1=2B. 1+1=3C. 1+1=4D. 1+1=0答案：A二、填空题1. 请填写下列句子中所缺失的单词：“_”是中国古代四大发明之一。

答案：指南针2. 请根据题目所给的语境填写适当的单词：“_”是太阳系中最大的行星。

答案：木星三、简答题1. 请简述地球的自转和公转。

答案：地球自转是指地球围绕其自身的轴线旋转，周期约为24小时，导致昼夜交替。

地球公转是指地球围绕太阳的运动，周期约为365.25天，导致季节变化。

2. 请解释牛顿第一定律。

答案：牛顿第一定律，也称为惯性定律，指出一个物体会保持其静止状态或匀速直线运动状态，除非受到外力的作用。

四、计算题1. 若一个物体的质量为5千克，求其在地球表面的重力。

答案：假设地球表面的重力加速度为9.8 m/s²，则物体的重力为$ G = m \times g = 5 \times 9.8 = 49 $ 牛顿。

2. 计算圆的面积，半径为3厘米。

答案：圆的面积公式为 $ A = \pi r^2 $，代入半径 $ r = 3 $ 厘米，得 $ A = \pi \times 3^2 = 28.26 $ 平方厘米（取π为3.14）。

五、论述题1. 论述科技发展对人类社会的影响。

答案：科技发展极大地推动了人类社会的进步。

它提高了生产效率，改善了人们的生活质量，促进了全球化交流，同时也带来了环境问题和伦理挑战。

2. 讨论环境保护的重要性及其措施。

答案：环境保护对于维护生态平衡、保障人类健康和可持续发展至关重要。

措施包括减少污染排放、推广可再生能源、保护生物多样性等。

六、作文题1. 题目：我的梦想提示：请以“我的梦想”为题，写一篇不少于800字的文章，可以是记叙文、议论文或说明文。

2010年数学三真题答案解析

型随机变量,所以求随机变量在一点处的概率,只能利用分布函数的定义.根据分布函数的定义,函数在某一点的概率可以写成两个区间内概率的差,即
PX 1 P X 1 P X 1 F 1 F 1 0 1 e 1 1 1 e 1 ,故本题选
22
(C). (8) 【答案】 (A).
【解析】根据题意知, f1 x
少有一点 Ax b 0,3 ,使得 f 0 .
(20) 【解析】因为方程组有两个不同的解,所以可以判断方程组增广矩阵的秩小于 3,进而可以通过秩的关系求解方程组中未知参数,有以下两种方法.
方法 1：( I )已知 Ax b 有 2 个不同的解,故 r( A) r( A) 3 ,对增广矩阵进行初等行
因为
B
2 ,所以
B 1
B 1
1
,因此
2
A B1 A A1 B B1 3 2 1 3 . 2
(14)【答案】 2 2 .
【解析】
E T
E
1 n
n i 1
X
2 i
1 n
E
n i 1
X
2 i
1 nE n
X2
E
X2
2 2 .
三、解答题
1
1 ln x
1
ln
y1
P
x
y1
y2
P
x
y2
q
x
,
q x q x ,由 q x 0 可知 1 ,
②
由①②求解得 1 ,故应选(A)． 2
(3)【答案】 (B).
【解析】 f g(x) f g(x) g (x) ,
f g(x) f g(x) g (x) f g(x) g (x) 2 f g(x) g (x)

2010年考研数学一真题与答案

2010年考研数学一真题一、选择题（1~8小题，每小题4分，共32分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

）(1)极限limx→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=(A)1 (B)e (C)e a−b(D)e b−a 【考点】C。

【解析】【方法一】这是一个“1∞”型极限lim x→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=limx→∞{[1+(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b)](x−a)(x+b)(a−b)x+ab}(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b)x=e a−b【方法二】原式=limx→∞e xlnx2(x−a)(x+b)而limx→∞ xln x2(x−a)(x+b)=limx→∞xln(1+(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b))=limx→∞x∙(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b)(等价无穷小代换) =a−b则limx→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=e a−b【方法三】对于“1∞”型极限可利用基本结论：若limα(x)=0, limβ(x)=0,且limα(x)β(x)=A 则li m(1+α(x))β(x)=e A,求极限由于limx→∞α(x)β(x)=limx→∞x2−(x−a)(x+b)(x−a)(x+b)∙x=limx→∞(a−b)x2+abx(x−a)(x+b)=a−b则limx→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=e a−b【方法四】lim x→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=limx→∞[(x−a)(x+b)x2]−x=limx→∞(1−ax)−x∙limx→∞(1+bx)−x=e a∙e−b=e a−b综上所述，本题正确答案是C。

【考点】高等数学—函数、极限、连续—无穷小量的性质及无穷小量的比较，极限的四则运算，两个重要极限(2)设函数z=z(x,y)由方程F(yx ,zx)=0确定，其中F为可微函数，且f′′2≠0,则xðzðx +yðzðy=。