2010真题含答案

合集下载

2010年专八真题及参考答案

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________ Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresfacial expressions(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________ gesturegestures are related to culture.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlementother cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretproximity, posture and echoingproximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________ posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitudeechoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see ―one man sweating and straining to pull another man.‖ But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaw s on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. ―Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,‖ the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. ―Our city stands for prosperity and development.‖ The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of livechickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer. From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata ―if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.‖ During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, ―When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.‖While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. ―I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,‖ he said, ―but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.‖ Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the cityof rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, ―If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.‖ Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. ―The government was the government of the poor people,‖ one sardar told me. ―Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.‖But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, ―has difficulty letting go.‖ One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.―Which option has been chosen?‖ I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.―When will it be decided?‖―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. ―…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.‖ (2 paragraph)B. ―…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.‖ (4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, ― has difficulty letting go.‖ (7 paragraph).D.―…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.‖(6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags NewEngland, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else." Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores. Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents. But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily. For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too pooror proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suck ers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the caféof his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upperstoreys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: ― For one, sir? This way, please,‖ Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. ―…turned Babylonian‖.B. ―perhaps a new barbarism’.C. ―acres of white napery‖.D. ―balanced to the last halfpenny‖.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the c afé isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental a wareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the ―Mona Lisa.‖When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s r ichest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980sto protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a l ast chance. ―Smelter or death.‖The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.―We have to live,‖ Halldór Ásgrímsson s aid in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. ―We have a right to live.‖27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passageA. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.。

2010年考研真题和详细解析

1. 1984年1月3日，意大利人卡内帕给恩格斯写信，请求他为即将在日内瓦出版的饿《新纪元》周刊的创刊号题词，而且要求尽量用简短的字句来表述未来的社会主义纪元的基本思想，以区别于伟大诗人但丁的对旧纪元所作的“一些人统治，另一些人受苦难”的界定。

恩格斯回答说，这就是：“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的，将是这样一个联合体，在那里，每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。

”这段话表明，马克思主义追求的根本价值目标是（）A．实现人的自由而全面的发展B．实现人类永恒不变的普适价值C．建立一个四海之内皆兄弟的大同世界D．建立一个自由，平等，博爱的理性王国【答案】A【解析】本题考查的考点是马克思主义最崇高的社会理想，即马克思追求的根本价值目标，进入共产主义社会，实现人的自由而全面的发展，所以，正确答案是A选项。

2.有一则箴言：“在溪水和岩石的斗争中，胜利的总是溪水，不是因为力量，而是因为坚持。

”“坚持就是胜利”的哲理在于（）A．必然性通过偶然性开辟道路B．肯定中包含着否定的因素C．量变必然引起质变D．有其因必有其果【答案】C【解析】坚持就是胜利，体现了事物量变发展到一定阶段必然会引起质变，达到事物根本性质的变化，所以，本题体现的是量变必然引起质变，正确答案是选项C。

3. 右边这张照片反映出由于气候变暖，北极冰盖融化，致使北极熊无处可去的场景，颇具震撼力。

它给我们地球上的人类发出的警示是（）A．人与自然的关系成为人与人之间一切社会关系的核心B．生态失衡已成为自然界自身周期演化不可逆转的趋势C．自然地理环境已成为人类社会发展的根本决定力量D．生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提【答案】D【解析】本题考查人与自然的关系，气候变暖给人类发出的警示是人在对于自然的作用过程中，生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提，保护自然，协调人和自然的关系是大势所趋，所以，正确答案是选项D。

4. 劳动力成为商品是货币转化为资本的前提条件，这是因为（）A．资本家购买的是劳动力的价值B．劳动力商品具有价值和使用价值C．货币所有者购买的劳动力能够带来剩余价值D．劳动力自身的价值能够在消费过程中转移到新的商品中去【答案】C【解析】劳动力商品的最主要特点，表现在它的使用价值上。

2010年全国统一高考真题物理试卷(全国卷ⅱ)(含答案及解析)

2010年全国统一高考物理试卷（全国卷Ⅱ）一、选择题（共8小题，每小题6分，满分48分）1．（6分）原子核Z A X与氘核12H反应生成一个α粒子和一个质子．由此可知（）A．A=2，Z=1B．A=2，Z=2C．A=3，Z=3D．A=3，Z=2 2．（6分）一简谐横波以4m/s的波速沿x轴正方向传播．已知t=0时的波形如图所示，则（）A．波的周期为1sB．x=0处的质点在t=0时向y轴负向运动C．x=0处的质点在t=s时速度为0D．x=0处的质点在t=s时速度值最大3．（6分）如图，一绝热容器被隔板K 隔开a、b两部分．已知a内有一定量的稀薄气体，b内为真空．抽开隔板K后，a内气体进入b，最终达到平衡状态．在此过程中（）A．气体对外界做功，内能减少B．气体不做功，内能不变C．气体压强变小，温度降低D．气体压强变小，温度不变4．（6分）在雷雨云下沿竖直方向的电场强度为104V/m，已知一半径为1mm 的雨滴在此电场中不会下落，取重力加速度大小为10m/s2，水的密度为103kg/m3．这雨滴携带的电荷量的最小值约为（）A．2×10﹣9C B．4×10﹣9C C．6×10﹣9C D．8×10﹣9C5．（6分）如图，空间某区域中有一匀强磁场，磁感应强度方向水平，且垂直于纸面向里，磁场上边界b 和下边界d水平．在竖直面内有一矩形金属线圈，线圈上下边的距离很短，下边水平．线圈从水平面a开始下落．已知磁场上下边界之间的距离大于水平面a、b之间的距离．若线圈下边刚通过水平面b、c（位于磁场中）和d时，线圈所受到的磁场力的大小分别为F b、F c和F d，则（）A．F d＞F c＞F b B．F c＜F d＜F b C．F c＞F b＞F d D．F c＜F b＜F d 6．（6分）图中为一理想变压器，其原线圈与一电压有效值不变的交流电源相连：P为滑动头．现令P从均匀密绕的副线圈最底端开始，沿副线圈匀速上滑，直至白炽灯L两端的电压等于其额定电压为止．用I1表示流过原线圈的电流，I2表示流过灯泡的电流，U2表示灯泡两端的电压，N2表示灯泡消耗的电功率（这里的电流、电压均指有效值：电功率指平均值）．下列4个图中，能够正确反映相应物理量的变化趋势的是（）A．B．C．D．7．（6分）频率不同的两束单色光1和2 以相同的入射角从同一点射入一厚玻璃板后，其光路如图所示，下列说法正确的是（）A．单色光1的波长小于单色光2的波长B．在玻璃中单色光1的传播速度大于单色光2的传播速度C．单色光1通过玻璃板所需的时间小于单色光2通过玻璃板所需的时间D．单色光1从玻璃到空气的全反射临界角小于单色光2从玻璃到空气的全反射临界角8．（6分）已知地球同步卫星离地面的高度约为地球半径的6倍．若某行星的平均密度为地球平均密度的一半，它的同步卫星距其表面的高度是其半径的2.5倍，则该行星的自转周期约为（）A．6小时B．12小时C．24小时D．36小时二、解答题（共5小题，满分72分）9．（5分）利用图中所示的装置可以研究自由落体运动．实验中需要调整好仪器，接通打点计时器的电源，松开纸带，使重物下落．打点计时器会在纸带上打出一系列的小点．（1）为了测试重物下落的加速度，还需要的实验器材有．（填入正确选项前的字母）A．天平B．秒表C．米尺（2）若实验中所得到的重物下落的加速度值小于当地的重物加速度值，而实验操作与数据处理均无错误，写出一个你认为可能引起此错误差的原因：．10．（13分）（1）为了探究平抛运动的规律，某同学采用图示的装置进行实验，他用小锤打击弹性金属片，金属片把A球沿水平方向弹出，同时B球松开，自由下落，由此实验结果可以得出的结论是若增大打击金属片的力度，上述结论将（填“不”或”仍然”）成立．（2）．用螺旋测微器（千分尺）测小球直径时，示数如图甲所示，这时读出的数值是mm；用游标卡尺（卡尺的游标有20等分）测量一支铅笔的长度，测量结果如图乙所示，由此可知铅笔的长度是cm．（3）一热敏电阻R T放在控温容器M内：A为毫安表，量程6mA，内阻为数十欧姆；E为直流电源，电动势约为3V，内阻很小；R为电阻箱，最大阻值为999.9Ω；S为开关．已知R T在95℃时阻值为150Ω，在20℃时的阻值约为550Ω．现要求在降温过程中测量在95℃～20℃之间的多个温度下R T的阻值．（a）在图中画出连线，完成实验原理电路图（b ）完成下列实验步骤中的填空①依照实验原理电路图连线②调节控温容器M内的温度，使得R T温度为95℃③将电阻箱调到适当的初值，以保证仪器安全④闭合开关．调节电阻箱，记录电流表的示数I0，并记录．⑤将R T的温度降为T1（20℃＜T1＜95℃）；调节电阻箱，使得电流表的读数，记录．⑥温度为T1时热敏电阻的电阻值R T1=．⑦逐步降低T1的数值，直至20℃为止；在每一温度下重复步骤⑤⑥11．（15分）如图，MNP为竖直面内一固定轨道，其圆弧段MN与水平段NP 相切于N、P端固定一竖直挡板．M相对于N的高度为h，NP长度为s．一木块自M端从静止开始沿轨道下滑，与挡板发生一次完全弹性碰撞后停止在水平轨道上某处．若在MN段的摩擦可忽略不计，物块与NP段轨道间的滑动摩擦因数为μ，求物块停止的地方与N点距离的可能值．12．（18分）小球A和B的质量分别为m A和m B，且m A＞m B．在某高度处将A和B先后从静止释放．小球A与水平地面碰撞后向上弹回，在释放处的下方与释放处距离为H的地方恰好与正在下落的小球B发生正碰．设所有碰撞都是弹性的，碰撞时间极短．求小球A、B碰撞后B上升的最大高度．13．（21分）图中左边有一对平行金属板，两板相距为d，电压为U；两板之间有匀强磁场，磁感应强度大小为B0，方向平行于板面并垂直于纸面朝里。

2010年专升本(大学语文)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2010年专升本（大学语文）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 选择题 5. 古文阅读6. 现代文阅读7. 作文选择题在每小题给出的4个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的。

1．唐代诗人中，主张“文章合为时而著，歌诗合为事而作”的是( ) A．王维B．白居易C．柳宗元D．韩愈正确答案：B2．杜甫诗歌的风格是( )A．豪放飘逸B．沉郁顿挫C．苍凉悲壮D．沉雄慷慨正确答案：B3．李商隐《无题》中运用了比兴手法的一联是( )A．相见时难别亦难，东风无力百花残。

B．春蚕到死丝方尽，蜡炬成灰泪始干。

C．晓镜但愁云鬓改，夜吟应觉月光寒。

D．蓬山此去无多路，青鸟殷勤为探看。

正确答案：B4．下列关于作家艺术风格方面的评论，错误的是( )A．艾青的诗歌形式上追求节的匀称和句的均齐B．冰心的散文文笔清丽，意蕴隽永C．沈从文的小说具有鲜明的地方色彩D．朱自清的散文结构严谨，笔触细致正确答案：A5．马致远的《天净沙.秋思》是( )A．乐府B．词C．赋D．散曲正确答案：D6．下列关于诗人徐志摩的表述，错误的一项是( )A．徐志摩是新月社重要成员B．《再别康桥》是徐志摩的代表作C．徐志摩是现代派诗歌的代表诗人D．飘逸清丽是徐志摩诗歌的一种风格正确答案：C7．柳宗元《种树郭橐驼传》一文主要的写作目的是( )A．强调种树要”顺木之天以致其性”B．批评他植者违背种树规律C．赞扬郭橐驼高超的种树技艺D．揭露“长人者好烦其令”的弊政正确答案：D8．下列作品中，通篇运用象征手法的是( )A．屠格涅夫《门槛》B．冰心《往事》(一之十四)C．鲁迅《风波》D．老舍《断魂枪》正确答案：A9．下列句子中，兼用了对偶、夸张修辞的是( )A．暖溶溶玉醅，白泠泠似水，多半是相思泪。

B．驾一叶之扁舟，举匏樽以相属。

C．遥岑远目，献愁供恨，玉簪螺髻。

D．意似痴，心如醉，昨宵今日，清减了小腰围。

正确答案：D10．李密《陈情表》强调自己不能“奉诏出仕”的道德依据是( ) A．慈父见背，舅夺母志。

2010考研数学一真题答案

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题参考答案一、选择题(1)【答案】 (C).【解析】本题属于未定式求极限,极限为1∞型,故可以用“e 的抬起法”求解．()()2lim xx xx a x b →∞⎡⎤⎢⎥-+⎣⎦()()2lnlim x x x a x b x e ⋅-+→∞=()()2lim lnx x x x a x b e→∞⋅-+=,其中又因为()()2222()()lim ln lim ln 1()()()()lim()()()lim()()x x x x x x x a x b x x x a x b x a x b x x x a x b x a x b a b x abxx a x b a b→∞→∞→∞→∞--+⋅=+-+-+⎡⎤--+⎣⎦=-+-+=-+=-⎡⎤⎣⎦故原式极限为a b e -,所以应该选择(C). (2)【答案】 (B).【解析】122212122221x z y z y zF F F F F yF zF zx x x x x F F xF F x⎛⎫⎛⎫''''-+-⋅+⋅ ⎪ ⎪'''+∂⎝⎭⎝⎭=-=-==∂''''⋅, 112211y z F F F z x y F F F x'⋅''∂=-=-=-∂'''⋅, 1212222yF zF yF F z z z xy z x y F F F ''''+⋅∂∂+=-==∂∂'''． (3) 【答案】 (D).【解析】0x =与1x =都是瑕点.应分成=+⎰,用比较判别法的极限形式,对于,由于121012[ln (1)]lim 11mnx n mx xx+→--=.显然,当1201n m<-<,则该反常积分收敛. 当120n m -≤,1210[ln (1)]lim mx nx x+→-存在,此时实际上不是反常积分,故收敛.故不论,m n 是什么正整数,总收敛.对于,取01δ<<,不论,m n 是什么正整数,1211211[ln (1)]lim lim ln (1)(1)01(1)mnmx x x xx x x δδ--→→-=--=-,所以收敛,故选(D).(4)【答案】 (D). 【解析】()()222211111()nnn n i j i j n n n i n j n i n j =====++++∑∑∑∑22111()()n nj i n n j n i ===++∑∑ 12220211111lim lim ,11()nn n n j j n dy j n jn y n →∞→∞====+++∑∑⎰ 1011111lim lim ,11()n n n n i i n dx i n i n x n→∞→∞====+++∑∑⎰()()2222111111lim lim()()n nn nn n i j j i n n j n i n i n j →∞→∞=====++++∑∑∑∑ 221(lim )nn j n n j →∞==+∑1(lim )nn i nn i→∞=+∑1120011()()11dx dy x y =++⎰⎰()()11200111dx dy x y =++⎰⎰. (5)【答案】 (A).【解析】由于AB E =,故()()r AB r E m ==.又由于()(),()()r AB r A r AB r B ≤≤,故(),()m r A m r B ≤≤ ①由于A 为m n ⨯矩阵,B 为n m ⨯矩阵,故(),()r A m r B m ≤≤ ②由①、②可得(),()r A m r B m ==,故选A. (6)【答案】 (D).【解析】设λ为A 的特征值,由于2A A O +=,所以20λλ+=,即(1)0λλ+=,这样A 的特征值只能为-1或0. 由于A 为实对称矩阵,故A 可相似对角化,即AΛ,()()3r A r =Λ=,因此,1110-⎛⎫ ⎪- ⎪Λ= ⎪- ⎪⎝⎭,即1110A -⎛⎫⎪- ⎪Λ= ⎪- ⎪⎝⎭. (7) 【答案】 (C).【解析】离散型随机变量的分布函数是跳跃的阶梯形分段函数,连续型随机变量的分布函数是连续函数.观察本题中()F x 的形式,得到随机变量X 既不是离散型随机变量,也不是连续型随机变量,所以求随机变量在一点处的概率,只能利用分布函数的定义.根据分布函数的定义,函数在某一点的概率可以写成两个区间内概率的差,即{}{}{}()()1111111110122P X P X P X F F e e --==≤-<=--=--=-,故本题选(C).(8)【答案】 (A).【解析】根据题意知,()221x f x e-=(x -∞<<+∞),()21,1340,x f x ⎧ -≤≤⎪=⎨⎪ ⎩其它利用概率密度的性质:()1f x dx +∞-∞=⎰,故()()()()03121001312424a a f x dx af x dx bf x dx f x dxb dx b +∞+∞+∞-∞-∞-∞=+=+=+=⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰ 所以整理得到234a b +=,故本题应选(A).二、填空题 (9) 【答案】0.【解析】因为 ()()22ln 1ln 1tttdy t e dx e -+==-+-,()()()()22222ln 12ln 11tt t td te d y dt t e t e e dx dt dx t -+⎡⎤=⋅=-⋅-+⋅-⎢⎥+⎣⎦,所以220t d y dx ==. (10)【答案】 4π-.t =,2x t =,2dx tdt =,利用分部积分法, 原式220cos 22cos 2sin t t tdt t tdt t d t πππ=⋅==⎰⎰⎰20002sin 2sin 4cos t t t tdt td t πππ⎡⎤=-=⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰⎰0004cos cos 4cos 4sin 4t t tdt t ππππππ⎡⎤=-=-=-⎢⎥⎣⎦⎰. (11) 【答案】0.【解析】12222LL L xydx x dy xydx x dy xydx x dy +=+++⎰⎰⎰()()()01221011x x dx x dx x x dx x dx -=+++-+-⎰⎰()()0122122xx dx x x dx -=++-⎰⎰1322310223223x x x x -⎛⎫⎛⎫=++- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭211203223⎛⎫⎛⎫=--++-= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭(12) 【答案】23. 【解析】 ()2221221211000211212021r rrz d rdr zdxdydz d rdr zdz dxdydz d rdr dz d r rdrππππθθθθΩΩ⎛⎫⎪⋅ ⎪⎝⎭==-⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰4211222r d r dr πθπ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭=⎰⎰126204122r r d πθπ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭=⎰20112266322d πθπππ⋅===⎰.(13)【答案】6a =.【解析】因为由123,,ααα生成的向量空间维数为2,所以123(,,)2r ααα=. 对123(,,)ααα进行初等行变换：123112112112211013013(,,)1010130060202000a a a ααα⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪=→→ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭所以6a =.(14) 【答案】2.【解析】利用离散型随机变量概率分布的性质,知{}001!k k CP X k Ce k ∞∞======∑∑,整理得到1C e -=,即 {}111!!k e P X k e k k --===.故X 服从参数为1的泊松分布,则()()1,1E X D X ==,根据方差的计算公式有()()()222112E X D X E X =+=+=⎡⎤⎣⎦.三、解答题(15)【解析】对应齐次方程的特征方程为2320λλ-+=,解得特征根121,2λλ==,所以对应齐次方程的通解为212x x c y C e C e =+．设原方程的一个特解为*()xy x ax b e =+,则()()*22x y axax bx b e '=+++,()()*2422x y axax bx a b e ''=++++,代入原方程,解得1,2a b =-=-,故特解为*(2)xy x x e =--．故方程的通解为*212(2)x x x c y y y C e C e x x e =+=+-+． (16)【解析】因为22222222111()()x x x t t t f x x t e dt xe dt te dt ---=-=-⎰⎰⎰,所以2224423311()2222x x t x x t f x x e dt x ex ex e dt----'=+-=⎰⎰,令()0f x '=,则0,1x x ==±.又22421()24x t x f x e dt x e --''=+⎰,则21(0)20t f e dt -''=<⎰,所以2211111(0)(0)(1)22t t f t e dt e e ---=-=-=-⎰是极大值.而1(1)40f e-''±=>,所以(1)0f ±=为极小值.又因为当1x ≥时,()0f x '>；01x ≤<时,()0f x '<；10x -≤<时,()0f x '>；1x <-时,()0f x '<,所以()f x 的单调递减区间为(,1)(0,1)-∞-,()f x 的单调递增区间为(1,0)(1,)-+∞.(17)【解析】 (I)当01x <<时0ln(1)x x <+<,故[]ln(1)nn t t +<,所以[]ln ln(1)ln nn t t t t +<,则[]11ln ln(1)ln nn t t dt t t dt +<⎰⎰()1,2,n =.(II)()111101ln ln ln 1n n n t t dt t t dt td t n +=-⋅=-+⎰⎰⎰ ()211n =+,故由 ()1210ln 1n n u t t dt n <<=+⎰,根据夹逼定理得()210lim lim01n n n u n →∞→∞≤≤=+,所以lim 0n n u →∞=.(18)【解析】(I) (1)1222(1)1122(1)(1)2(1)121lim lim (1)(1)2121n n n n n n n n n nx x n n xx n n +-++--→∞→∞--⋅+-+=--⋅--222(21)21lim lim 2121n n n x n x x n n →∞→∞--==⋅=++, 所以,当21x <,即11x -<<时,原级数绝对收敛.当21x >时,原级数发散,因此幂级数的收敛半径1R =.当1x =±时,11211(1)(1)2121n n n n n x n n --∞∞==--⋅=--∑∑,由莱布尼兹判别法知,此级数收敛,故原级数的收敛域为[]1,1-.(II) 设1122111(1)(1)()2121n n nn n n S x x x x n n --∞∞-==⎛⎫--=⋅=⋅⋅ ⎪--⎝⎭∑∑,其中令 12111(1)()21n n n S x xn -∞-=-=⋅-∑()1,1x ∈-, 所以有 12221111()(1)()n n n n n S x xx ∞∞---=='=-⋅=-∑∑ ()1,1x ∈-,从而有 12211()1()1S x x x '==--+ ()1,1x ∈-, 故 11201()(0)arctan 1xS x dx S x x =+=+⎰,()1,1x ∈-.1()S x 在1,1x =-上是连续的,所以()S x 在收敛域[]1,1-上是连续的.所以()arctan S x x x =⋅,[]1,1x ∈-.(19)【解析】 ( I )令()222,,1F x y z x y z yz =++--,故动点(),,P x y z 的切平面的法向量为()2,2,2x y z zy --,由切平面垂直xOy ,故所求曲线C 的方程为222120x y z yz z y ⎧++-=⎨-=⎩. ( II ) 由⎩⎨⎧=-=-++,02,1222y z yz z y x 消去z ,可得曲线C 在xOy 平面上的投影曲线所围成的xOy 上的区域223:{(,)|1}4D x y x y +≤,由()()x x yz z y x '='-++1222,由 dxdy zy yzz y dxdy y z x z dS 24412222--++=⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛∂∂+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛∂∂+=,故(2DDDx y zI x dxdy xdxdy ∑-==+=+⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰12Dπ==⋅=. (20)【解析】因为方程组有两个不同的解,所以可以判断方程组增广矩阵的秩小于3,进而可以通过秩的关系求解方程组中未知参数,有以下两种方法.方法1：( I )已知Ax b =有2个不同的解,故()()3r A r A =<,对增广矩阵进行初等行变换,得111110101010111111a A a λλλλλλ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=-→- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭22111111010101010110011a a λλλλλλλλλ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪⎪→-→- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-----+⎝⎭⎝⎭ 当1λ=时,11111111000100010000000A a ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪→→ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,此时,()()r A r A ≠,故Ax b =无解(舍去)．当1λ=-时,111102010002A a -⎛⎫ ⎪→- ⎪ ⎪+⎝⎭,由于()()3r A r A =<,所以2a =-,故1λ=- ,2a =-.方法2：已知Ax b =有2个不同的解,故()()3r A r A =<,因此0A =,即211010(1)(1)011A λλλλλ=-=-+=,知1λ=或-1.当1λ=时,()1()2r A r A =≠=,此时,Ax b =无解,因此1λ=-.由()()r A r A =,得2a =-.( II ) 对增广矩阵做初等行变换31012111211121020102010102111100000000A ⎛⎫- ⎪----⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪=-→-→- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪- ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭可知原方程组等价为1323212x x x ⎧-=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩,写成向量的形式,即123332110210x x x x ⎛⎫⎪⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪=+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭.因此Ax b =的通解为32110210x k ⎛⎫ ⎪⎛⎫ ⎪⎪⎪=+- ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,其中k 为任意常数.(21)【解析】 ( I )由于二次型在正交变换x Qy =下的标准形为2212y y +,所以A 的特征值为1231,0λλλ===.由于Q 的第3列为22T ⎛ ⎝⎭,所以A 对应于30λ=的特征向量为22T⎛ ⎝⎭,记为3α. 由于A 是实对称矩阵,所以对应于不同特征值的特征向量是相互正交的,设属于121λλ==的特征向量为()123,,Tx x x α=,则30T αα=,即13022x x +=. 求得该方程组的基础解系为()()120,1,0,1,0,1TTαα==-,因此12,αα为属于特征值1λ=的两个线性无关的特征向量.由于12,αα是相互正交的,所以只需单位化：())1212120,1,0,1,0,1T Tααββαα====-. 取()12302,,10002Q ββα⎛⎪⎪==⎝⎭,则110T Q AQ ⎛⎫ ⎪=Λ= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭,且1T Q Q -=, 故 1102201011022TA Q Q ⎛⎫- ⎪ ⎪=Λ= ⎪ ⎪- ⎪⎝⎭. ( II )A E +也是实对称矩阵,A 的特征值为1,1,0,所以A E +的特征值为2,2,1,由于A E +的特征值全大于零,故A E +是正定矩阵.(22)【解析】当给出二维正态随机变量的的概率密度(),f x y 后,要求条件概率密度|(|)Y X f y x ,可以根据条件概率公式|(,)(|)()Y X X f x y f y x f x =来进行计算.本题中还有待定参数,A 要根据概率密度的性质求解,具体方法如下.()()22222222()(),xxy y y x x xy x X f x f x y dy A e dy A e dy Ae e dy +∞+∞+∞+∞-+--------∞-∞-∞-∞====⎰⎰⎰⎰2,x x -=-∞<<+∞.根据概率密度性质有()21x X f x dx edx A π+∞+∞--∞-∞===⎰,即1A π-=,故()2x X f x -=,x -∞<<+∞.当x -∞<<+∞时,有条件概率密度()()()22222222(),,,x xy y x xy y x y Y X X f x y f y x x y f x -+--+---==-∞<<+∞-∞<<+∞.(23)【解析】()()()22123~,1,~,,~,N B n N B n N B n θθθθ--()()()()31122331i i i E T E a N a E N a E N a E N =⎛⎫==++ ⎪⎝⎭∑()()221231a n a n a n θθθθ=-+-+()()212132na n a a n a a θθ=+-+-.因为T 是θ的无偏估计量,所以()E T θ=,即得()()12132010na n a a n a a =⎧⎪-=⎨⎪-=⎩,整理得到10a =,21,a n =31a n=.所以统计量 ()()12323111110T N N N N N n N n n n n=⨯+⨯+⨯=⨯+=⨯-.注意到1(,1)N B n θ-,故()()()11211D T D n N D N n n⎡⎤=⨯-=⨯⎢⎥⎣⎦()11n θθ=-.。

2010年全国统一高考真题化学试卷(新课标)(含答案及解析)

2010年高考全国新课标(宁夏、吉林、黑龙江)理综化学试卷一、选择题1．（2010全国新课标）下列各项表达中正确的是（）A．Na2O2的电子式为B．106g的乙醇和丙醇混合液完全燃烧生成的CO2为112L(标准状况)C．在氮原子中，质子数为7而中子数不一定为7D．Cl-的结构示意图为2．（2010新课标）分子式为C3H6Cl2的同分异构体共有(不考虑立体异构)（）A．3种 B．4种 C．5种 D．6种3．（2010全国新课标）下列各组中的反应，属于同一反应类型的是（）A．由溴丙烷水解制丙醇；由丙烯与水反应制丙醇B．由甲苯硝化制对硝基甲苯；由甲苯氧化制苯甲酸C．由氯代环己烷消去制环己烯；由丙烯加溴制1,2-二溴丙烷D．由乙酸和乙醇制乙酸乙酯；由苯甲酸乙酯水解制苯甲酸和乙醇4．（2010全国新课标）把500mL有BaCl2和KCl的混合溶液分成5等份，取一份加入含amol硫酸钠的溶液，恰好使钡离子完全沉淀；另取一份加入含bmol 硝酸银的溶液，恰好使氯离子完全沉淀。

则该混合溶液中钾离子浓度为（）A．0.1(b-2a)mol/L B．10( 2a-b)mol/LC．10(b-a)mol/L D．10(b-2a)mol/L5．（2010全国新课标）己知：HCN(aq)与NaOH(aq)反应的∆H=-12.1kJ/mol；HCl(aq)与NaOH(aq)反应的∆H=-55.6kJ/mol。

则HCN在水溶液中电离的∆H等于（）A．-67.7 kJ/mol B．-43.5 kJ/mol C．+43.5 kJ/mol D．+67.7kJ/mol 6．（2010全国新课标）根据下图，可判断出下列离子方程式中错误的是（）A．2Ag(s)+Cd2+(aq)==2Ag+(aq)+Cd(s)B．Co2+(aq)+Cd(s)==Co(s)+Cd2+(aq)C．2Ag+(aq)+Cd(s)==2Ag(s)+Cd2+(aq)D. 2Ag+(aq)+Co(s)==2Ag(s)+Co2+(aq)7．（2010全国新课标）下表中评价合理的是（）选项化学反应及其离子方程式评价A Fe3O4与稀硝酸反应:2Fe3O4+18H+=6Fe3++H2-+8H2O正确B 向碳酸镁中加入稀盐酸: CO32-+2H+==CO2+ H2O 错误，碳酸镁不应该写成离子形式C 向硫酸铵溶液中加入氢氧化钡溶液:Ba2++SO42-==BaSO4¯正确D FeBr2溶液与等物质的量的Cl2反应：2Fe2++2Br-+2Cl2==2Fe3++4Cl-+Br2错误，Fe2+与Br-的化学计量数之比应为1:2二、非选题8．（2010全国新课标）物质A～G有下图所示转化关系（部分反应物、生成物没有列出）。

2010计算机统考真题与答案

一、单选题1、若元素a,b,c,d,e,f依次进栈，允许进栈、退栈操作交替进行。

但不允许连续三次进行退栈工作，则不可能得到的出栈序列是（ D ）A：dcebfa B：cbdaef C：dbcaef D：afedcb2、某队列允许在其两端进行入队操作，但仅允许在一端进行出队操作，则不可能得到的顺序是（ C ）A：bacde B：dbace C：dbcae D：ecbad3、下列线索二叉树中（用虚线表示线索），符合后序线索树定义的是（ B ）4、在下列所示的平衡二叉树中插入关键字48后得到一棵新平衡二叉树，在新平衡二叉树中，关键字37所在结点的左、右子结点中保存的关键字分别是（ C ）A：13，48 B：24，48 C：24，53 D：24，905、在一棵度为4的树T中，若有20个度为4的结点，10个度为3的结点，1个度为2的结点，10个度为1的结点，则树T的叶节点个数是（B）A：41 B：82 C：113 D：1226、对n(n大于等于2)个权值均不相同的字符构成哈夫曼树，关于该树的叙述中，错误的是（B）A：该树一定是一棵完全二叉树 B：树中一定没有度为1的结点C：树中两个权值最小的结点一定是兄弟结点 D：树中任一非叶结点的权值一定不小于下一任一结点的权值7、若无向图G-（V.E）中含7个顶点，则保证图G在任何情况下都是连通的，则需要的边数最少是（A）A ：6 B：15 C：16 D：218、对下图进行拓补排序，可以得到不同的拓补序列的个数是（B ）A：4 B：3 C：2 D：19、已知一个长度为16的顺序表L，其元素按关键字有序排列，若采用折半查找法查找一个不存在的元素，则比较次数最多是（A）A：4 B：5 C：6 D：710、采用递归方式对顺序表进行快速排序，下列关于递归次数的叙述中，正确的是（D）A：递归次数与初始数据的排列次序无关B：每次划分后，先处理较长的分区可以减少递归次数C：每次划分后，先处理较短的分区可以减少递归次数D：递归次数与每次划分后得到的分区处理顺序无关11、对一组数据（2，12，16，88，5，10）进行排序，若前三趟排序结果如下（A）第一趟：2，12，16，5，10，88第二趟：2，12，5，10，16，88第三趟：2，5，10，12，16，88则采用的排序方法可能是：A：起泡排序 B：希尔排序 C：归并排序 D：基数排序12、下列选项中，能缩短程序执行时间的措施是（D）I 提高CPU时钟频率，II优化数据通过结构，III对程序进行编译优化A：仅I和II B：仅I和III C：仅II和III D：I，II，III13、假定有4个整数用8位补码分别表示r1=FEH ,r2=F2H ,r3=90H,r4=F8H,若将运算结果存放在一个8位的寄存器中，则下列运算会发生溢出的是（C）A： r1*r2 B ：r2*r3 C：r1*r4 D：r2*r414、假定变量I,f,d数据类型分别为int,float和double(int用补码表示，float和double分别用IEEE754单精度和双精度浮点数据格式表示)，已知i=785,f=1.5678,d=1.5若在32位机器中执行下列关系表达式，则结果为真是（C）（I）f=(int)(float)I (II)f=(float)(int)f (III)f=(float)(double) (IV)=(d+f)-d=fA：仅I和II B：仅I和III C：仅II和III D：仅III和IV15、假定用若干个2k*4位芯片组成一个8*8位存储器，则地址0B1FH所在芯片的最小地址是（D）A：0000H B：0600H C： 0700H D：0800H16、下列有关RAM和ROM的叙述中，正确的是（A）I、 RAM是易失性存储器，ROM是非易失性存储器II、 RAM和ROM都是采用随机存取的方式进行信息访问III、RAM和ROM都可用作CacheIV、RAM和ROM都需要进行刷新A：仅I和II B：仅II和III C：仅I,II，III D：仅II，III，IV17、下列命令组合情况中，一次访存过程中，不可能发生的是（D）A：TLB未命中，Cache未命中，Page未命中B：TLB未命中，Cache命中，Page命中C：TLB命中，Cache未命中，Page命中D：TLB命中，Cache命中，Page未命中18、下列存储器中，汇编语言程序员可见的是（B）A：存储器地址寄存器（MAR） B：程序计数器（PC）C：存储器数据寄存器（MDR） D：指令寄存器（IR）19、下列不会引起指令流水阻塞的是（A）A：数据旁路 B：数据相关 C：条件转移 D：资源冲突20、下列选项中的英文缩写均为总线标准的是（D）A：PCI、CRT、USB、EISA B：ISA、CPI、VESA、EISAC：ISA、SCSI、RAM、MIPS D：ISA、EISA、PCI、PCI-Express21、单级中断系统中，中断服务程序执行顺序是（A）I、保护现场 II、开中断 III、关中断 IV、保存断点V、中断事件处理 VI、恢复现场 VII、中断返回A：I、V、VI、II、VIIB：III、I、V、VIIC：III、IV、V、VI、VIID：IV、I、V、VI、VII22、假定一台计算机的显示存储器用DRAM芯片实现，若要求显示分辨率为1600*1200，颜色深度为24位，帧频为85Hz，显示总带宽的50% 用来刷新屏幕，则需要的显存总带宽至少约为（D）A ：245 MbpsB：979 MbpsC：1958 MbpsD：7834Mbps23、下列选项中，操作S提供的给应用程序的接口是（A）A：系统调用B：中断C：库函数D：原语24、下列选项中，导致创进新进程的操作是（C）I用户成功登陆 II设备分配 III启动程序执行A：仅I和IIB：仅II和IIIC：仅I和IIID：I，II，III25、设与某资源相关联的信号量初值为3，当前值为1，若M表示该资源的可用个数，N表示等待资源的进程数，则M,N分别是（B ）A：0，1B：1，0C：1，2D：2，026、下列选项中，降低进程优先权级的合理时机是（ A ）A：进程的时间片用完B：进程刚完成Z/O，进入就绪队列C：进程长期处于就绪队列中D：就绪从就绪状态转为运行态27、进行P0和P1的共享变量定义及其初值为（ A ）boolean flag[2]；int turn=0；flag[0]=faulse；flag[1]=faulse；若进行P0和P1访问临界资源的类C代码实现如下：Void p0（）// 进程p0 Void p1（）// 进程p1{while（TURE）} {while（TURE）}Flag[0]=TURE;ture=1 Flag[1]=TURE; ture=1While （flag[1]&&（turn==1）） While （flag[0]&&（turn==0））临界区：Flag[0]=FALSE; Flag[1]=FALSE;} }} }则并发执行进程P0和P1时产生的情况是：A：不能保证进程互斥进入临界区，会出现“饥饿”现象B：不能保证进程互斥进入临界区，不会出现“饥饿”现象C：能保证进程互斥进入临界区，会出现“饥饿”现象D：能保证进程互斥进入临界区，不会出现“饥饿”现象28、某基于动态分区存储管理的计算机，其主存容量为55mb（初试为空间），采用最佳适配（Best fit）算法，分配和释放的顺序为：分配15mb，分配30mb，释放15mb，分配8mb，此时主存中最大空闲分区的大小是（ B ）A：7mbB：9mbC：10mbD：15mb29、某计算机采用二级页表的分页存储管理方式，按字节编制，页大小为216字节，页表项大小为2字节，逻辑地址结构为逻辑地址空间大小为216页，则表示整个逻辑地址空间的页目录表中包含表项的个数至少是（ B ）A：64B：128C：256D：51230、设文件索引节点中有7个地址项，其中4个地址项为直接地址索引，2个地址项是一级间接地址索引，1个地址项是二级间接地址索引，每个地址项大小为4字节，若磁盘索引块和磁盘数据块大小均为256字节，则可表示的单个文件的最大长度是（ C ）A：33kbB：519kbC：1057kbD：16513kb31、设置当前工作目录的主要目的是（ C ）A：节省外存空间B：节省内容空间C：加快文件的检索速度D：加快文件的读写速度32、本地用户通过键盘登录系统时，首先获得键盘输入信息的程序是（B ）A：命令解释程序B：中断处理程序C：系统调用程序D：用户登录程序33、下列选项中，不属于网络体系结构中所描述的内容是（ C ）A：网络的层次B：每一层使用的协议C：协议的内部实现细节D：每一层必须完成的功能34、在下图所示的采用“存储-转发”方式分组的交换网络中，所有链路的数据传输速度为100mbps，分组大小为1000B，其中分组头大小20B，若主机H1向主机H2发送一个大小为980000B的文件，则在不考虑分组拆装时间和传播延迟的情况下，从H1发送到H2接收完为止，需要的时间至少是（ A ）A：80msB：80.08msC：80.16msD：80.24ms35、某自治系统采用RIP协议，若该自治系统内的路由器R1收到其邻居路由器R2的距离矢量中包含信息＜net1，16＞，则可能得出的结论是（ A ）A：R2可以经过R1到达net1，跳数为17B：R2可以到达net1，跳数为16C：R1可以经过R2到达net1，跳数为17D：R1不能进过R2到达net136、若路由器R因为拥塞丢弃IP分组，则此时R可以向发出该IP分组的源主机发送的ICMP报文件类型是（ C ）A：路由重定向B：目的不可达C：源抑制D：超时37、某网络的IP地址为192.168.5.0/24采用长子网划分，子网掩码为255.255.255.248，则该网络的最大子网个数，每个子网内的最大可分配地址个数为（ B ）A：32，8B：32，6C：8，32D：8，3038、下列网络设备中，能够抑制网络风暴的是（ C ）Ⅰ中继器Ⅱ集线器Ⅲ网桥Ⅳ路由器A：仅Ⅰ和ⅡB：仅ⅢC：仅Ⅲ和ⅣD：仅Ⅳ39、主机甲和主机乙之间已建立一个TCP连接，TCP最大段长度为1000字节，若主机甲的当前拥塞窗口为4000字节，在主机甲向主机乙连接发送2个最大段后，成功收到主机乙发送的第一段的确认段，确认段中通告的接收窗口大小为2000字节，则此时主机甲还可以向主机乙发送的最大字节数是（ A ）A：1000B：2000C：3000D：400040、如果本地域名服务无缓存，当采用递归方法解析另一网络某主机域名时，用户主机本地域名服务器发送的域名请求条数分别为（ A ）A：1条，1条B：1条，多条C：多条，1条D：多条，多条二、综合应用题：41-47小题，共计70分41.（10分）将关键字序列（7、8、11、18、9、14）散列存储到散列列表中，散列表的存储空间是一个下标从0开始的一个一维数组散列函数维：H（key）=（key×3）MODT，处理冲突采用线性探测再散列法，要求装填（载）因子为0.7问题：（1）请画出所构造的散列表；（2）分别计算等概率情况下，查找成功和查找不成功的平均查找长度。

2010英语一真题(后附答案详解)

2010英语一真题(后附答案详解)阅读理解Passage 1文章摘要：本文讨论了生育与工作的平衡问题，认为传统的观念使得女性难以在事业与家庭之间取得平衡。

作者提出了一些建议，以促进女性在职场与家庭中取得更好的平衡。

文章主要观点：1.传统观念对女性造成了困扰，不利于她们在事业与家庭之间取得平衡。

2.需要改变传统观念，鼓励女性在职场中追求成功，并提供更好的支持与资源。

3.女性在事业与家庭之间取得平衡对整个社会都有益处。

解题思路：本文主要讲述了生育与工作的平衡问题，作者观点明确，文章结构清晰，很容易找到答案。

答案详解：1.According to the author, a successful career womanis usually one who ______.因为前半部分提到了“What does it take for a woman to become successful in business? Talent, stamina, and theability to work long hours…” 后半部分又提到了“My ownresearch, on the other hand, suggests that becoming asuccessful business woman usually requires a largemeasure of luck.” 可知，作者认为一个成功的职业女性通常需要的是运气而不是实力。

答案：D. has more than a fair share of luck.2.It can be inferred from the passage that ______.根据文章最后一句可以判断出以上观点都是错误的。

答案：A. none of the traditional views on balancing work and family is correct.3.What is preventing women from striking a balancebetween family and work, according to some researchers?根据文章最后一段的描述可以得知，很多研究者认为传统的观念对女性造成了困扰，防碍了她们在事业和家庭之间取得平衡。

2010国考行测真题(附答案)

第一部分言语理解与表达（共40题，参考时限35分钟）本部分包括表达与理解两方面的内容，请根据题目要求，在四个选项中选出一个最恰当的答案。

请开始答题：1．“诗是不可译的，中国古典诗歌更是不可译的。

”爱好古典诗歌的中国人，包括不少作家、学者、翻译家常常如是说，语气中带着七分三分。

然而，话说回来，如果没有翻译。

中国古典诗歌如何走出国门，走向世界呢？依此填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（）A．自豪遗憾B．无奈悲伤C．感伤埋怨D．骄傲惭愧2．茶艺与茶道精神是中国茶文化的核心，“艺”是指制茶、烹茶、品茶等艺茶之术，“道”是指艺茶过程中所的精神。

有道而无艺，那是的理论；有艺而无道，艺则无精、无神。

依此填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（）A．传达虚浮B．包涵虚无C．贯穿空洞D．体现枯燥3．从20世纪90年代“人类基因工程”计划启动之日起，美国，日本，欧洲等展开了一场激烈的基因专利争夺战，因为谁拥有专利，就意味着谁能在国籍上获得基因产业的“王牌”，谁就能拥有今后基因开发的庞大市场，为此，美国等少数发达国家大量地将阶段性研究成果申请了专利。

依此填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（）A．垄断抢先B．操作独立C．控制自发D．专营及时4．明代工艺品的名字大都先强调年号，然后再强调东西本身，但景泰蓝不是在景泰年间出现，而是在元代就出现了，到了景泰年间，皇家的重视使它，因此有了今天这样一个通俗易懂且带有文学色彩的名字──景泰蓝。

依此填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（）A．如日中天B．名声大噪C．声名鹊起D．享誉中外5．五四运动后，许多人追求真理。

追求人们开始用新的眼光看中国、看世界，从对各种社会思潮，政治主张和政治力量的中认真思考，逐步看到西方的种种社会，开始怀疑资产阶级共和国的救国方案。

依此填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（）A．识别通病B．甄别矛盾C．辨别现象D．鉴别弊端6．世界主要经济发展发达国家和地区目前已就发展低碳经济达成共识：以经济发展模式由“高碳”向“低碳”转型为，通过市场机制下的经济手段推动低碳经济的发展，以减缓人类活动对气候的破坏并逐渐达到一种互相的良性发展状态。

2010年3月国家一级(MS OFFICE)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2010年3月国家一级（MS OFFICE）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 选择题 2. 基本操作题 3. 汉字录入题 4. 字处理题 5. 电子表格题6. 演示文稿题7. 上网题选择题（20分）1．第1台计算机ENIAC在研制过程中采用了哪位科学家的两点改进意见A．莫克利B．冯.诺依曼C．摩尔D．戈尔斯坦正确答案：B解析：众所周知，冯.诺依曼在发明电子计算机中起到关键性作用，他被西方人誉为“计算机之父”，其两点改进意见：一是采用二进制运算：二是将指令和数据存储，由程序控制计算机自动运行。

2．一个字长为6位的无符号二进制数能表示的十进制数值范围足A．0～64B．1～64C．1～63D．0～63正确答案：D解析：无符号数，即自然数。

6位无符号的二进制数的范围是000000～111111，转换成十进制就是0～63。

3．二进制数111100011转换成十进制数是A．480B．482C．483D．485正确答案：C解析：二进制数转换成十进制数的方法是将二进制数按权展开：(111100011)2=1×28+1×27+1×26+1×25+0×24+0×23+0×22+1×21+1×20=4834．十进制数54转换成二进制整数是A．0110110B．0110101C．0111110D．0111100正确答案：A解析：十进制整数转二进制的方法是除2取余法。

“除2取余法”：将十进制数除以2得一商数和一余数。

再用商除以2……以此类推。

最后将所有余数从后往前捧列。

5．在标准ASCII码表中，已知英文字母D的ASCII码是01000100，英文字母A的ASCII码是A．01000001B．01000010C．01000011D．01000000正确答案：A解析：字母A比字母D小3，所以B的码值是01000100-1-1-1=1000001。

2010年山东高考真题语文含答案

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）语文试卷解析第Ⅰ卷（共36分）一、（15分，每小题3分）1．下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是A 饯别（jiàn）晦涩（huì）铁栅栏（zhà）浑身解数（xiè）B 扒手（pá）吱声（zī）和稀泥（hé）步履蹒跚（pán）C 畜养（xù）寒噤（jìn）露马脚（lòu）扪心自问（mèn）D 顺遂（suí）什锦（shí）蒸馏水（liú）兵不血刃（xuè）【参考答案】 A【试题分析】B项，和huò稀泥，C项，扪mén心自问，D项，顺遂suì。

注意B项吱声（zī）为方言词，C项露马脚（lòu）也是一个容易读错的字。

2．下列词语中，没有错别字的一组是A 依稀膨涨戈壁滩云蒸霞蔚B 涵盖阴霾捉谜藏烘云托月C 贻误甬道交谊舞寥若晨星D 吆喝绪论擦边球名门旺族【参考答案】C【试题分析】“膨胀”指物体的体积增大，泛指事物的扩大或增长，与水无关。

“捉迷藏”蒙目相捉或寻找躲藏者的游戏，比喻言行故意使人难以捉摸，不是谜语，而是重点在于让人寻找。

“名门望族”指高贵的、地位显要的家庭或有特权的家族，“望”指有声望，不是兴旺。

结构来确定它是不是别字，还可以通过对整个词语的理解,来寻找不合语境的别字。

3．下列语句中，标点符号使用正确的一项是A．国庆节将至，一座“天安门模型”摆在广场上。

“天安门”前花团锦簇，增添了浓浓的节日气氛。

行人纷纷驻足观看，争相与“天安门”合影留念。

B．人活在世界上，必须处理好三个关系：人和自然的关系;人与人的关系，包括家庭关系；个人思想感情矛盾与平衡的关系。

处理得好，生活才能愉快。

C．朱熹49岁那年，上书建议朝廷重修了白鹿洞书院，并亲自制订学规，提出：“博学之，审问之，谨思之，明辨之，笃行之”的治学方法。

2010年国家公务员考试行测真题答案及解析

2010年国家公务员考试行测真题答案及解析2010年12月06日 12:591.关键词：十七大报告、社会建设【答案】D。

强化政府服务职能，建设服务型政府2.关键词：综合国力、【答案】C。

我国在哥本哈根气候峰会上提出了单位GDP碳减排的量化目标3.关键词：西部大开发战略【答案】C。

西部大开发覆盖地域指陕、甘、宁、青、新等西北五省(区)及西藏自治区4.关键词：能源条件【答案】B。

富煤、缺油、少气5.关键词：第六次人口普查【答案】B。

所取得的数据不得作为对普查对象实施处罚的依据6.关键词：法律规定【答案】D。

丁村享有选举权的村民有500人，其中300人参与了村委会主任选举，候选人王某、张某和黄某分别获得选票120票、100票和80票，因而王某当选7.关键词：人大代表选举【答案】D.2010年修改的选举法规定，全国人民代表大会代表名额，按照每一代表所代表的城乡人口数2：1的原则，以及保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量代表的要求进行分配8.关键词：国防动员法【答案】D。

全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国家主席9.关键词：西柏坡时期、先后顺序【答案】A.①③②10.关键词：人类航天史【答案】D。

载人飞船首次在地球轨道上实现交会和对接是在20世纪60年代11.关键词：近30年来、前沿技术领域、重大突破【答案】D。

超大规模集成电路、第三代移动通信、高性能计算机、超级杂交水稻12.关键词：经济发展现状【答案】C。

对石油进口的依存度已接近30%13.关键词：货币升值【答案】D。

有利于消除贸易逆差14.关键词：军衔制度【答案】A。

士兵军衔肩章版面底色有棕绿色、天蓝色、黑色三种15.关键词：交通建设【答案】A。

目前国道线采用数字编号，分别以1、2、3、4开头16.关键词：第三个副省级新区【答案】C。

重庆两江17.关键词：民族关系【答案】B。

汉族离不开少数民族，少数民族离不开汉族，少数民族之间也相互离不开18.关键词：地震【答案】A。

2010考研真题及答案试题

2010考研真题及答案试题2010年的考研真题提供了一批宝贵的试题资源，对于正在准备考研的同学们来说，这是一份非常有参考价值的资料。

下面将梳理并解答部分这些试题。

一、英语试题第一部分：词汇与语法（共20小题）1. They seemed to be totally __________ to the problems caused by heavy snowstorms.答案解析：oblivious。

形容词oblivious意为“不留意的，未察觉的”。

2. __________ their initial cooperation, the two companies soon found themselves in fierce competition.答案解析：Despite。

介词Despite意为“尽管”。

第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题）Passage 1第一段：In France, trash has a home, and a name: la poubelle.题目：What does "la poubelle" refer to?答案解析：垃圾桶。

第二段：Parisians separate their waste into strict categories, stuffing some into narrow street-corner bins, and carrying the rest to recycling centers.题目：How do Parisians deal with their waste?答案解析：他们将垃圾分类，并将一部分投放到街角的小垃圾桶中，将其余部分送往回收中心。

二、政治学试题1. 下列哪项不属于国家政权的形式？A. 君主制B. 集权制C. 单一多党制D. 联邦制答案解析：C. 单一多党制属于政党制度范畴，不属于国家政权的形式。

2010年高考真题英语及答案解析

答案及解析：21. A 考查时态。

由答语的all day可知昨天一整天都在做作业。

由此判断为过去进行时。

22. D 考查动词辨析。

句意为：工人们把眼镜包裹好，在每个箱子上标出“此面朝上”字样。

carry “搬运”，deliver “投递”，press “按，压”，根据句意只能选择pack（打包裹）。

23. B 考查代词。

由句子前半部分中的half of my holiday可知假期被分为两部分，因此后面应由the other half来与前面相对应。

24. A 考查定语从句。

由句子结构可知是非限定性定语从句。

所要填的词在从句中做主语，B项（where）是副词，不能作主语，C项（what）不用来引导定语从句，D 项（that）不能引导非限定性定语从句，故选which，引导的非限定性定语从句用来对前面句子起补充和说明的作用。

25. C 考查从属连词。

由前后主从句句意可知煮咖啡和客人吃饭的动作是同时进行的，只有while可引导前后两个同时进行的动作。

26. A 考查副词。

so pleased…as she is now意为“她像现在这么高兴”。

其它副词词义与句意不符故排除。

27. C 考查非谓语动词。

过去分词短语borrowed from the library作some old maps 的后置定语。

相当于一个定语从句省略了which were。

28. B 考查时态。

句意为“当你到家的时候，打电话给我让我知道你已经到家了”。

主句是个祈使句，前面的时间状语从句是用现在时表示将来；为了前后时态招应，故选B选项，用现在完成时表示将来完成，因此A和D项也同时排除；C项为过去完成时，因句中无“过去的过去”，因此C项也排除。

29. A 考查情态动词。

句意为：耐心一点儿，你不能期望世界变化如此快。

can’t 在否定句中可以表示推测，译为不可能，可以表示能力，译为不能够，也可以表示命令，译为不允许，但是语气都比mustn’t弱。

2010年全国统一高考真题化学试卷(全国卷ⅱ)(含答案及解析)

2010年全国统一高考化学试卷（全国卷Ⅱ）一、选择题1．（3分）下列反应中，可用离子方程式H++OH﹣=H2O表示的是（）A．NH4Cl+NaOH NaCl+NH3↑+H2OB．Mg（OH）2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2OC．NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2OD．NaOH+HNO3=NaNO3+H2O2．（3分）下面均是正丁烷与氧气反应的热化学方程式（25°，101kPa）：①C4H10（g）+O2（g）=4CO2（g）+5H2O（l）△H=﹣2878kJ/mol②C4H10（g）+O2（g）=4CO2（g）+5H2O（g）△H=﹣2658kJ/mol③C4H10（g）+O2（g）=4CO（g）+5H2O（l）△H=﹣1746kJ/mol④C4H10（g）+O2（g）=4CO（g）+5H2O（g）△H=﹣1526kJ/mol由此判断，正丁烷的燃烧热是（）A．﹣2878kJ/mol B．﹣2658kJ/mol C．﹣1746kJ/mol D．﹣1526kJ/mol 3．（3分）在相同条件下，下列说法错误的是（）A．氯气在饱和食盐水中的溶解度小于在纯水中的溶解度B．碘在碘化钾溶液中的溶解度大于在纯水中的溶解度C．醋酸在醋酸钠溶液中电离的程度大于在纯水中电离的程度D．工业上生产硫酸的过程中使用过量的空气可提高SO2的利用率4．（3分）相同体积、相同pH的某一元强酸溶液①和某一元中强酸溶液②分别与足量的锌粉发生反应，下列关于氢气体积（V）随时间（t）变化的示意图正确的是（）A．B．C．D．5．（3分）若（NH4）2SO4在强热时分解的产物是SO2、N2、NH3和H2O，则该反应中化合价发生变化和未发生变化的N原子数之比为（）A．1：4B．1：2C．2：1D．4：16．（3分）在一定温度、压强下，向100mLCH4和Ar的混合气体中通入400mLO2，点燃使其完全燃烧，最后在相同条件下得到干燥气体460mL，则反应前混合气体中CH4和Ar物质的量之比是（）A．1：4B．1：3C．1：2D．1：17．（3分）短周期元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增大，且W、X、Y+、Z 的最外层电子数与其电子层数的比值依次为2、3、4、2（不考虑零族元素）．下列关于这些元素的叙述错误的是（）A．X和其他三种元素均可形成至少2种二元化合物B．W和X、Z两种元素分别形成的二元化合物中，均有直线形分子C．W、X和Y三种元素可以形成碱性化合物D．Z和其他三种元素形成的二元化合物，其水溶液均呈酸性8．（3分）三位科学家因在烯烃复分解反应研究中的杰出贡献而荣获2005年度诺贝尔化学奖，烯烃复分解反应可示意如图：下列化合物中，经过烯烃复分解反应可以生成的是（）A．B．C．D．二、非选题9．（15分）向2L密闭容器中通入amol 气体A和bmol气体B，在一定条件下发生反应：xA（g）+yB（g）⇌pC（g）+qD（g）已知：平均反应速率v C=；反应2min 时，A的浓度减少了，B的物质的量减少了mol，有a mol D生成．回答下列问题：（1）反应2min内，v A=，v B；（2）化学方程式中，x=、y=、p=、q=；（3）反应平衡时，D为2amol，则B的转化率为；（4）如果只升高反应温度，其他反应条件不变，平衡时D为 1.5a mol，则该反应的△H0；（填“＞”、“＜”或“=”））如果其他条件不变，将容器的容积变为1L，进行同样的实验，则与上述反应比较：①反应速率（填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”），理由是；②平衡时反应物的转化率（填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”），理由是．10．（15分）A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、和I、是中学化学中常见的气体，它们均由短周期元素组成，具有如下性质：①A、B、E、F、G能使湿润的蓝色石蕊试纸变红，I能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝，C、D、H不能使湿润的石蕊试纸变色；②A和I相遇产生白色烟雾；③B和E都能使品红溶液褪色；④将红热的铜丝放入装有B的瓶中，瓶内充满棕黄色的烟；⑤将点燃的镁条放入装有F的瓶中，镁条剧烈燃烧，生成白色粉末，瓶内壁附着黑色颗粒；⑥C和D相遇生成红棕色气体；⑦G在D中燃烧可以产生E和H2O；⑧将B和H 在瓶中混合后于亮处放置几分钟，瓶内壁出现油状液滴并产生A．回答下列问题：（1）A的化学式是，②中烟雾的化学式是；（2）④中发生反应的化学方程式是；（3）⑤中发生反应的化学方程式是；（4）C的化学式是，D的化学式是；（5）⑦中发生反应的化学方程式是；（6）H的化学式是．11．（15分）如图是一个用铂丝作电极，电解稀的MgSO4溶液的装置，电解液中加有中性红指示剂，此时溶液呈红色．（指示剂的pH变色范围：6.8～8.0，酸色﹣红色，碱色﹣黄色）．回答下列问题：（1）下列关于电解过程中电极附近溶液颜色变化的叙述正确的是（填编号）；①A管溶液由红变黄；②B管溶液由红变黄；③A管溶液不变色；④B管溶液不变色；（2）写出A管中发生反应的反应式：；（3）写出B管中发生反应的反应式：；（4）检验a管中气体的方法是；（5）检验b管中气体的方法是；（6）电解一段时间后，切断电源，将电解液倒入烧杯内观察到的现象是．12．（15分）如图中A～J均为有机化合物，根据图1中的信息，回答下列问题：（1）环状化合物A的相对分子质量为82，其中含碳87.80%，含氢12.20%．B 的一氯代物仅有一种，B的结构简式为；（2）M是B的一种同分异构体，M能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色，分子中所有的碳原子共平面，则M的结构简式为；（3）由A生成D的反应类型是，由D生成E的反应类型是；（4）G的分子式为C6H10O4，0.146gG需用20mL0.100mol/L NaOH溶液完全中和，J是一种高分子化合物．则由G转化为J的化学方程式为；（5）分子中含有两个碳碳双键，且两个双键之间有一个碳碳单键的烯烃与单烯烃可发生如图2反应则由E和A反应生成F的化学方程式为；（6）H中含有的官能团是，I中含有的官能团是．2010年全国统一高考化学试卷（全国卷Ⅱ）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题1．（3分）下列反应中，可用离子方程式H++OH﹣=H2O表示的是（）A．NH4Cl+NaOH NaCl+NH3↑+H2OB．Mg（OH）2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2OC．NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2OD．NaOH+HNO3=NaNO3+H2O【考点】49：离子方程式的书写．【专题】516：离子反应专题．【分析】稀的强酸与稀的强碱反应生成可溶性盐和水的离子反应可用H++OH﹣=H2O表示，以此来解答．【解答】解：A．该反应为固体与固体加热条件下的反应，不属于离子反应，故A不选；B．Mg（OH）2为不溶性弱碱，不能用H++OH﹣=H2O表示，故B不选；C．NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2O的离子反应为OH﹣+HCO3﹣=CO32﹣+H2O，故C 不选；D．NaOH+HNO3=NaNO3+H2O为稀的强酸与稀的强碱反应生成可溶性盐和水的离子反应，可用H++OH﹣=H2O表示，故选D；故选：D。

2010考研英语真题答案(仅答案-完整)

2010年真题答案（多方答案不统一，仅参考）Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。

2.B解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。

3.C解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。

所以这里应选择C。

4.B解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。

四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。

5.C解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。

四个选项中有描述含义的是C项accounts。

6.B解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。

Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。

7.D解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。

8.A解析：A项awareness 意思是“意识”，B项expectation意为“期望”，C项sentiment 意为“”观点，意见，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。

所以选A。

9.C解析：be enough to do sth, 足够做某事，符合上下文。

10.D解析：by oneself 表示“独自地”，这里的itself 代指an awareness of ...。

11.C解析：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语。

2010年高考英语真题(Word版)——全国1卷(试题+答案解析)

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国Ⅰ卷）英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.$ 19.15B. $9.15C. $ 9.18答案是B1.What will Dorothy do on the weeked?A.go out with her friendB.work on her paperC.make some plans2.What was the normal price of the T-shirt ?A.$15B. $ 30C. $503.What has the woman decided to do on Sunday afternoon?A.to attend a wedding.B.To visit an exhibitionC.To meet a friend4.When does the bank close on Sunday ?A.at 1:00pmB.at 3:00pmC.at 4:00pm5.Where are the speakers?A.In a storeB.In a classroomC.At a hotel第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6，7 小题6，What do we know about Nora?A.She prefers a room of her own.B.She likes to work with other girls.C.She lives near the city center.7.What is good about the flat?A. It has a large sitting room.B. It has good furnitureC. It has a big kitchen.听第7 段材料，回答第8，9题。

2010年高考真题(椭圆部分[含答案])

2010年高考题1.（2010全国卷2理）（12）已知椭圆2222:1(0)x y C a b a b +=＞＞F 且斜率为(0)k k ＞的直线与C 相交于A B 、两点．若3AF FB =，则k =（A ）1 （B（C（D ）2 【答案】B【命题意图】本试题主要考察椭圆的性质与第二定义.【解析】设直线l 为椭圆的有准线，e 为离心率，过A ，B 分别作AA 1，BB 1垂直于l ，A 1，B 为垂足，过B 作BE 垂直于AA 1与E ，由第二定义得，，由，得，∴即k=，故选B.2.（2010全国卷2文）（12）已知椭圆C ：22221x y a b +=（a>b>0，过右焦点F 且斜率为k （k>0）的直线于C 相交于A 、B 两点，若3AF FB =。

则k = （A ）1 （B（C（D ）2 【答案】B【解析】1122(,),(,)A x y B x y ，∵ 3AF FB =，∴ 123y y =-， ∵e =，设2,a t c t ==，b t =，∴ 222440x y t +-=，直线AB方程为x sy =。

代入消去x ，∴222(4)0s y t ++-=，∴2121224t y y y y s +==-+，22222234t y y s -=-=-+，解得212s =，k =3.（2010重庆理）（10）到两互相垂直的异面直线的距离相等的点，在过其中一条直线且平行于另一条直线的平面内的轨迹是A. 直线B. 椭圆C. 抛物线D. 双曲线【答案】 D解析：排除法轨迹是轴对称图形，排除A 、C ，轨迹与已知直线不能有交点，排除B4.（2010四川理）（9）椭圆22221()x y a b a b+=>>0的右焦点F ，其右准线与x 轴的交点为A ，在椭圆上存在点P 满足线段AP 的垂直平分线过点F ，则椭圆离心率的取值范围是（A）⎛⎝⎦ （B ）10,2⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦ （C ）)1,1 （D ）1,12⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭解析：由题意，椭圆上存在点P ，使得线段AP 的垂直平分线过点F ，即F 点到P 点与A 点的距离相等而|F A |＝22a b c c c-= |PF |∈[a －c ,a ＋c ]于是2b c∈[a －c ,a ＋c ]即ac －c 2≤b 2≤ac ＋c 2∴222222ac c a c a c ac c⎧-≤-⎪⎨-≤+⎪⎩ ⇒1112c a c c aa ⎧≤⎪⎪⎨⎪≤-≥⎪⎩或又e ∈(0,1)故e ∈1,12⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭【答案】D5.（2010广东文）7.若一个椭圆长轴的长度、短轴的长度和焦距成等差数列，则该椭圆的离心率是 A.54 B.53 C. 52 D. 51【答案】B6.（2010福建文）11．若点O 和点F 分别为椭圆22143x y +=的中心和左焦点，点P 为椭圆上的任意一点，则OP FP 的最大值为 A ．2 B ．3C ．6D ．8【答案】C【解析】由题意，F （-1，0），设点P 00(,)x y ，则有2200143x y +=,解得22003(1)4x y =-，因为00(1,)FP x y =+，00(,)OP x y =，所以2000(1)OP FP x x y ⋅=++=00(1)OP FP x x ⋅=++203(1)4x -=20034x x ++，此二次函数对应的抛物线的对称轴为02x =-，因为022x -≤≤，所以当02x =时，OP FP ⋅取得最大值222364++=，选C 。

2010年全国2卷高考真题(含答案)英语

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. come A. cold B. cock C. comfort D. improve2. dead A. eager B. great C. least D. health3. united A. use B. ugly C. upstairs D. put4. ours A. outside B. cousins C. nervous D. clocks5. thirty A. theatre C. although D. feather第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）6. - Is it all right if I keep this photo?- _______.A. No, you don’tB. No, it sh ouldn’tC. I’m afraid notD. Don’t keep it7. Tom was about to close the windows ___ __ his attention was caught by a bird.A. whenB. ifC. andD. till8. My mother opened the drawer to _________ the knives and spoons.A. put awayB. put upC. put onD. put together9. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women who ____ evening dress.A. wearB. wearsC. has wornD. have worn10 - Have you finished the book?- No. I’ve read up to _____ the ch ildren discover the secret cave.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where11. Though ______ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surpriseB. was surprisedC. surprisedD. being surprised12. Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth thing over between them.A. othersB. the otherC. anotherD. one other13. The island is ____ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.A. partlyB. merelyC. nearlyD. equally14. The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. thisB. thatC. oneD. it15. Linda, make sure the tables ____ before the guests arrive.A. be setB. setC. are setD. are setting16. I refuse to accept the blame for somet hing _____ was someone else’s fault.A. whoB. thatC. asD. what17. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ____ see you now. H e’s busy.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t18. - Can I help you? Are you looking for anything in particular today?- _____. W e’re just looking.A. Yes, pleaseB. No, thank youC. Yes, you canD. No, you needn’t19. Excuse me. I I was blocking your way.A. didn’t realizeB. don’t realizeC. haven’t realizedD. wasn’t realizing20. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been .A. popularB. more popularC. most popularD. the most popular第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。