步步高·2016高考英语(人教版)大一轮语法专题《专题3 非谓语动词》文档

专题三非谓语动词◆非谓语动词的考查要点1．动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题(1)不定式作表语与“be＋to do sth.”的异同。

不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。

My job is to teach English.(说明内容)be＋to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)He is to go abroad.(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。

下列词语常接不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，try，arrange，determine，desire等。

下列词语后可接“疑问词＋不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。

(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。

①动词(短语)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。

②常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语＋ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/like＋sb.to do sth.主语＋think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feel＋sb.＋to be/to have done主语＋call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask for＋sb.＋to do sth.(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。

①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。

②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。

There is no one to look after her.③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。

She is now looking for a room to live in.(5)不定式作状语的用法。

不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。

only to do表示出人意料的结果。

We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order (not) to，so as (not) to用来引导目的状语；enough...to，so...as to do，such＋名词．..as to do作结果状语。

The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.I’m not such a fool as to believe that.(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。

①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。

The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等动词常用于上面句型。

此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。

I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。

(说话时还未等)I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。

(说话时已等了很久)②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。

(A)should like to/would like to/would love to＋完成时。

(B)was/were to＋不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。

(C)expected/hoped/meant/promised/supposed/thought/wanted/wished＋不定式的完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。

(7)不定式的省略。

①同一结构并列由and或or连接。

I want to finish my homework and go home.I’m really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be，this is a question.It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)②不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。

What he did was lose the game.③句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。

即“前有do，后省to”。

Don’t do anything silly，such as marry him.④主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省to。

⑤Why not，had better，would rather，can’t but等词后省to。

You’d better take it seriously.⑥多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。

但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，后应该保留原形have或be。

Susan is not what she used to be.—You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.—I know I ought to have.常见的有：I’d like/love/be happy to。

题组训练1用所给动词的适当形式填空1．It’s important for the figures to be updated(update) regularly.2．Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing...but we seem to be losing(lose) the art of communicating face to face.3．If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.4．The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to hold(hold)．5．Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly. 6．Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 7．More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise(raise) people’s concern over food safety.8．The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.2．动名词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，can’t help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，advise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。

(2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty (in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。

(3)介词后要接动名词；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名词。

注意on/upon doing sth.＝as soon as 引导的从句，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。

On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：①begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，can’t stand语法填空1．It’s no use complaining(complain) without taking action. 2．Lydia doesn’t feel like studying(study) abroad. Her parents are old. 3．Being exposed(expose) to the sun will do harm to your skin. 4．She is afraid of being taken(take) to the public.5．Mary’s coming(come) late made her mother angry.3．现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

①时间状语(分词前面可加when，while等)Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.②原因状语Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.③伴随状语The girls came in，following their parents.④结果状语The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性：①时间性。