英语北师大版选修8 Unit22 Lesson 2 Endangered Species 1语法

Unit 22 Lesson 2 Endangered Species
间接引语
一、定义
当我们转述别人的话时，可以引用别人的原话，被引用的部分称为直接引语，并用引号引起来；也可以用自己的话转述别人的意思，被转述的部分称为间接引语，不用引号。

间接引语多数构成宾语从句。

直接引语变成间接引语时，须在时态及代词，状语和语序等方面作一些必要的调整。

二、时态的变化
“I’m preparing my lessons,” she said.
She said that she was preparing her lessons.
I said to them, “you’ll be disappointed at the news.:
I told them that they would be disappointed at the news.
He said to me, “Jane spent all her time doing that.”
He told me that Jane had spent all her time doing that.
直接引语中的谓语动词为一般过去时,如与一个具体表示过去的时间连用,在变成间接引语时可以不变.
My father said to me, “I read the book in 1996.”
My father told me he read the book in 1996.
直接引语表达的意思是客观真理时,在变为间接引语时时态不变.
The teacher said t o us, “the earth goes around the sun.”
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
三、代词的变动
人称代词要根据句中的具体情况作相应的变动。

“I haven’t brought my dictionary,” the boy said.
The boy said that he hadn’t brought his dictionary.
Note: this ,these要变成that, those.
四、状语的变动
“I’ll come and see you again this evening, Tom,” he said.
He told Tom that he would go and see him again that evening.
“I’ll come here again tomorrow,” she said.
She said that she would go there again the next day.
五、直接引语为疑问句时的变动
当直接引语是疑问句时，除注意在人称，时态和状语等方面作相应的变动外，还要注意：1．间接引语改为陈述句的语序
.She asked, “what is it? what’s going to happen now?”
She asked what it was and what was going to happen then.
2．特殊疑问句的疑问词要保留
The boy was wondering, “How does the computer work?”
The boy was wondering how the computer worked.
3．一般、选择、可反意问句在间接引语前要加whether或if
“ Is there anything wrong, Madam?” asked the man.
The man asked the woman if there was anything wrong.
He asked me, “ Do you study English or French?”
He asked me whether I studied English or French.
“ It’s Mary, isn’t it?” asked Jane.
Jane asked whether it was Mary or not.
六、直接引语为祈使句的变动
当直接引语为祈使句时，主句中的谓语动词在变动时往往根据直接引语中的口气换用ask，invite，advise，warn，tell，order等动词，而直接引语中的谓语动词则要变成动词不定式。

“Don’t give up!” Father shouted to him.
Father told him in a loud voice not to give up.
七、间接引语中时态通常不变的情况
除了直接引语是普遍、永恒的真理，间接引语的时态不变之外，还有以下几种情况是不变时态的。

1．若是经常性，反复性，习惯性的动作或状态
“My father always goes to work by bus,” Tom said.
Tom said that his father always goes to work by bus.
2．若引用时所转述的内容仍然是真实的，一般保持原来的时态不变
“I’m only 28,” said Jane.
Jane said the other day that she’s only 28.
“My sister lives in Beijing,” said Mary.
Mary said that her sister lives in Beijing.
3．在wish，would rather，it is time之后的从句中的一般过去时，并不表示过去的时间，所以在间接引语中不变。

He said, “I wish I know.”
He said that he wished he knew.
They said, “it’s time we went home.”
They said it was time they went home.
4．Would，should，ought，had better，used to，could和must没有相应的过去式，所以不变。

She said, “ I might be there.”
She said that she might be there.。