力学专业英语翻译 38 课
力学专业 英语词汇
专业英语第一节一般术语1. 工程结构building and civil engineering structures房屋建筑和土木工程的建筑物、构筑物及其相关组成部分的总称。
2. 工程结构设计design of building and civil engineering structures在工程结构的可靠与经济、适用与美观之间，选择一种最佳的合理的平衡，使所建造的结构能满足各种预定功能要求。
3. 房屋建筑工程building engineering一般称建筑工程，为新建、改建或扩建房屋建筑物和附属构筑物所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
4. 土木工程civil engineering除房屋建筑外，为新建、改建或扩建各类工程的建筑物、构筑物和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
5. 公路工程highway engineering为新建或改建各级公路和相关配套设施等而进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
6. 铁路工程railway engineering为新建或改建铁路和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
7. 港口与航道工程port ( harbour ) and waterway engineering为新建或改建港口与航道和相关配套设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
8. 水利工程hydraulic engineering为修建治理水患、开发利用水资源的各项建筑物、构筑物和相关配设施等所进行的勘察、规划、设计、施工、安装和维护等各项技术工作和完成的工程实体。
9. 水利发电工程（水电工程）hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering以利用水能发电为主要任务的水利工程。
工程力学专业英语翻译
By making an artificial cut (section mm) through the bar at right angles to its axis, we can isolate part of the bar as a free body [see Fig.1(b)]. At the left-hand end the tensile force P is applied, and at the other end there are forces representing the action of the removed portion of the bar upon the part that remains. These forces will be continuously distributed over the part cross section, analogous to the continuous distribution of hydrostatic pressure over a submerged surface. 假设在梁的轴向上做一个垂直截面（截面mm），可以分离出 一部分自由的梁[见图1(b)]。在该梁的左端，有拉力P，而在另一 端有相应的力可以替代梁的分离部分对它的作用。这些力连续分
illustration the bar is assumed to be loaded at its ends by axial forces P that produce a uniform stretching, or tension, of the bar. 应力和应变的概念可以通过考虑一根矩形梁的拉伸的简单方 法来举例说明。如图1所示，这根矩形梁可以看作是由遍及长度 方向的连续横截面所组成，这些横截面垂直于它的轴向。在这个 例子中，这根矩形梁被假定在它两端施加了一对使它发生均匀拉 伸的轴向力P。
力学原理英语
力学原理英语The principles of mechanics can be explained in English as follows:1. Newton's First Law of Motion: An object at rest tends to stay at rest, and an object in motion tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force.2. Newton's Second Law of Motion: The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This can be expressed as F = ma, where F is the net force, m is the mass of the object, and a is the acceleration produced.3. Newton's Third Law of Motion: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that whenever an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.4. Law of Conservation of Momentum: The total momentum of a system of interacting objects is conserved if no external forces are acting on the system. This principle states that the total momentum before a collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision.5. Law of Universal Gravitation: Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This principle governs the gravitational interaction between objects.6. Work-Energy Principle: The work done on an object is equal to the change in its kinetic energy. This principle relates the concept of work, which is the product of force and displacement, to changes in energy.These are some of the fundamental principles of mechanics that explain the behavior of objects in motion and the forces acting on them.。
力学专业英语词组+解释
拉力 tensile force正应力 normal stress切应力 shear stress静水压力 hydrostatic pressure集中力 concentrated force分布力 distributed force线性应力应变关系 linear relationship between stress andstrain弹性模量 modulus of elasticity横向力 lateral force transverse force轴向力 axial force拉应力 tensile stress压应力 compressive stress平衡方程 equilibrium equation静力学方程 equations of static比例极限 proportional limit应力应变曲线 stress-strain curve拉伸实验 tensile test‘屈服应力 yield stress极限应力 ultimate stress轴 shaft梁 beam纯剪切 pure shear横截面积 cross-sectional area挠度曲线 deflection curve曲率半径 radius of curvature曲率半径的倒数 reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴 longitudinal axis悬臂梁 cantilever beam简支梁 simply supported beam微分方程 differential equation惯性矩 moment of inertia静矩 static moment扭矩 torque moment弯矩 bending moment弯矩对x的导数 derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x的二阶导数 the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x 静定梁 statically determinate beam静不定梁 statically indeterminate beam相容方程 compatibility equation补充方程 complementary equation中性轴 neutral axis圆截面 circular cross section两端作用扭矩 twisted by couples at two ends刚体 rigid body扭转角 twist angle静力等效 statically equivalent相互垂直平面 mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心 through the centroid of the cross section 一端铰支 pin support at one end一端固定 fixed at one end弯矩图 bending moment diagram剪力图 shear force diagram剪力突变 abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移 rotation and translation虎克定律 hook’s law边界条件 boundary condition初始位置 initial position、力矩面积法 moment-area method绕纵轴转动 rotate about a longitudinal axis横坐标 abscissa扭转刚度 torsional rigidity拉伸刚度 tensile rigidity剪应力的合力 resultant of shear stress正应力的大小 magnitude of normal stress脆性破坏 brittle fail对称平面 symmetry plane刚体的平衡 equilibrium of rigid body约束力 constraint force重力 gravitational force实际作用力 actual force三维力系 three-dimentional force system合力矩 resultant moment标量方程 scalar equation、矢量方程 vector equation张量方程 tensor equation汇交力系 cocurrent system of forces任意一点 an arbitrary point合矢量 resultant vector反作用力 reaction force反作用力偶 reaction couple转动约束 restriction against rotation平动约束 restriction against translation运动的趋势 tendency of motion绕给定轴转动 rotate about a specific axis沿一个方向运动 move in a direction控制方程 control equation共线力 collinear forces平面力系 planar force system一束光 a beam of light未知反力 unknown reaction forces参考框架 frame of reference大小和方向 magnitude and direction几何约束 geometric restriction刚性连接 rigidly connected运动学关系 kinematical relations运动的合成 superposition of movement固定点 fixed point平动的叠加 superposition of translation刚体的角速度 angular speed of a rigid body质点动力学 particle dynamics运动微分方程 differential equation of motion工程实际问题 practical engineering problems变化率 rate of change动量守恒 conservation of linear momentum定性的描述 qualitative description点线 dotted line划线 dashed line实线 solid line矢量积 vector product点积 dot product极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia角速度 angular velocity角加速度 angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力continuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components 应力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与……成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态st venant’ principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column 细长杆fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱的稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩dynamic loading 动载荷dynamic problem 动力学问题inertia force 惯性力resonance vibration 谐振static states of stress 静态应力dynamic response 动力响应time of contact 接触时间length of wave 波长resonance frequency 谐振频率。
力学专业英语_6
(1)
(2)
p ) is a hardening parameter. At this stage, we know nothing about where κ = κ ij (ε kl p its properties and structure. It can, for instance, be a scalar κ or a tensor κ ij (ε kl ).
Multi-axial case
Extending the above to the multi-axial case, we study a similar load cycle in a multi-axial case (Fig. 3).
Fig.3 Elasto-plastic load cycle, multi-axial case. For this, the analogue of Eq. (4) will be
p (see Fig. 4). This means that must lie behind the border line perpendicular to dε ij
this border line must be tangent to the yield surface. A further consequence is that the yield surface cannot be concave, and since it must be a closed surface enclosing σ ij * , the only possibility left is that it is convex (which in an extreme case can mean that it contains planar surface sections, as, e.g., Tresca’s yield surface). Conclusion (a) above leads directly to the flow rule
力学专业最常用几个英语单词
力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学 macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学 mesomechanics微观力学 microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学 general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system等效力系 equivalent force system弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity .。
(完整版)《物理专业英语》.doc
新《物理专业英语》范围单词篇1 、加速度 acceleration2 、速度velocity3 、角速度 angular velocity4 、角动量angular momentum5、热量 amount of heat6、热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics7、干涉 interference8、反射 reflection9、折射 refraction10、振幅 amplitude11、机械运动 mechanical motion12、保守场 conservative field13 、向心力 centripetal force14、保守力 conservative force15、摩擦力 friction force16 、面积 area17 、体积 volume18、阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant19 、绝对零度absolute zero20 、电势能 energy of position21、重力势能gravitational potential energy22、重力场 the field of gravity force23、真空中的磁场 magnetic field in a vacuum24、电磁波 electromagnetic wave25 、电流的相互作用interaction of current1 、（第 3 页）第四段的第 3 句A typical problem of mechanics consists in determining the states of a system at all the following moments of time t when we know the state of the system at a certain initial moment to and also the law governing the motion.翻译：机械运动的一个典型的问题的构成取决于一个系统在接下来的时间间隔t 的状态，（因此）当我们知道了一个确切的最初的系统状态时，也可以知道运动的规律。
力学学科英语
力学学科英语Mechanics is a fundamental branch of physics that deals with the behavior of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements. It is a subject that underpins many areas of engineering and science, and it can be studied at various levels, from classical mechanics to more advanced topics such as quantum mechanics and relativistic mechanics.Classical mechanics, which is often divided into statics, dynamics, and kinematics, provides the foundation for understanding how objects move and interact with each other. Statics involves the study of forces on objects that are at rest, while dynamics examines the forces that cause objects to move. Kinematics, on the other hand, describes the motion of objects without considering the forces that cause the motion.In the realm of dynamics, there are three fundamental laws of motion described by Sir Isaac Newton, which are still used today to analyze and predict the behavior of moving objects:1. Newton's First Law (Law of Inertia): An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.2. Newton's Second Law (Law of Acceleration): Theacceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass. This is often expressed with the formula \( F = ma \), where \( F \) is the force, \( m \) is the mass, and \( a \) is the acceleration.3. Newton's Third Law (Action and Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.Beyond classical mechanics, the study of mechanics extends into areas such as fluid mechanics, which examines the behavior of liquids and gases, and solid mechanics, which deals with the deformation and failure of solid materials. The principles of mechanics are also applied in the study of elasticity, vibrations, and waves.In the context of engineering, mechanics is crucial for designing structures, vehicles, and machines that can withstand the forces they will encounter in their operation. It is also essential for understanding how biological systems move and function.The study of mechanics in English often involves the use of technical terminology and mathematical expressions. Students and professionals in this field must be proficientin both the language and the mathematical tools used to describe and solve problems in mechanics.As the field of mechanics is vast and continually evolving, it is essential for those studying or working in this area to stay current with the latest research anddevelopments. This can be achieved through academic journals, conferences, and collaboration with peers in the field.In summary, mechanics is a critical discipline within the broader field of physics, with wide-ranging applications in science, engineering, and technology. It is a subject that requires a strong foundation in both theoretical concepts and practical applications, and it plays a vital role in the advancement of human knowledge and innovation.。
力学专业英语词组+解释
拉力拉力 tensile force 正应力正应力 normal stress 切应力切应力 shear stress 静水压力静水压力 hydrostatic pressure 集中力集中力 concentrated force 分布力分布力 distributed force 线性应力应变关系线性应力应变关系 linear relationship between stress andstrain 弹性模量弹性模量 modulus of elasticity 横向力横向力 lateral force transverse force 轴向力轴向力 axial force 拉应力拉应力 tensile stress 压应力压应力 compressive stress 平衡方程平衡方程 equilibrium equation 静力学方程静力学方程 equations of static 比例极限比例极限 proportional limit 应力应变曲线应力应变曲线 stress-strain curve 拉伸实验拉伸实验 tensile test‘ 屈服应力屈服应力 yield stress 极限应力极限应力 ultimate stress 轴 shaft 梁 beam 纯剪切纯剪切 pure shear 横截面积横截面积 cross-sectional area 挠度曲线挠度曲线 deflection curve 曲率半径曲率半径 radius of curvature 曲率半径的倒数曲率半径的倒数 reciprocal of radius of curvature 纵轴纵轴 longitudinal axis 悬臂梁悬臂梁 cantilever beam 简支梁简支梁 simply supported beam 微分方程微分方程 differential equation 惯性矩惯性矩 moment of inertia 静矩静矩 static moment 扭矩扭矩 torque moment 弯矩弯矩 bending moment 弯矩对x 的导数的导数 derivative of bending moment with respect to x 弯矩对x 的二阶导数的二阶导数 the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x 静定梁静定梁 statically determinate beam 静不定梁静不定梁 statically indeterminate beam 相容方程相容方程 compatibility equation 补充方程补充方程 complementary equation 中性轴中性轴 neutral axis 圆截面圆截面 circular cross section 两端作用扭矩两端作用扭矩 twisted by couples at two ends 刚体刚体 rigid body 扭转角扭转角 twist angle 静力等效静力等效 statically equivalent 相互垂直平面相互垂直平面 mutually perpendicular planes 通过截面形心通过截面形心 through the centroid of the cross section 一端铰支一端铰支 pin support at one end 一端固定一端固定 fixed at one end 弯矩图弯矩图 bending moment diagram 剪力图剪力图 shear force diagram 剪力突变剪力突变 abrupt change in shear force 、 旋转和平移旋转和平移 rotation and translation 虎克定律虎克定律 hook hook’’s law 边界条件边界条件 boundary condition 初始位置初始位置 initial position、 力矩面积法力矩面积法 moment-area method 绕纵轴转动绕纵轴转动 rotate about a longitudinal axis 横坐标横坐标 abscissa 扭转刚度扭转刚度 torsional rigidity 拉伸刚度拉伸刚度 tensile rigidity 剪应力的合力剪应力的合力 resultant of shear stress 正应力的大小正应力的大小 magnitude of normal stress 脆性破坏脆性破坏 brittle fail 对称平面对称平面 symmetry plane 刚体的平衡刚体的平衡 equilibrium of rigid body 约束力约束力 constraint force 重力重力 gravitational force 实际作用力实际作用力 actual force 三维力系三维力系 three-dimentional force system 合力矩合力矩 resultant moment 标量方程标量方程 scalar equation、 矢量方程矢量方程 vector equation 张量方程张量方程 tensor equation 汇交力系汇交力系 cocurrent system of forces 任意一点任意一点 an arbitrary point 合矢量合矢量 resultant vector 反作用力反作用力 reaction force 反作用力偶反作用力偶 reaction couple 转动约束转动约束 restriction against rotation 平动约束平动约束 restriction against translation 运动的趋势运动的趋势 tendency of motion 绕给定轴转动绕给定轴转动 rotate about a specific axis 沿一个方向运动沿一个方向运动 move in a direction 控制方程控制方程 control equa tion 共线力共线力 collinear forces 平面力系平面力系 planar force system 一束光一束光 a beam of light 未知反力未知反力 unknown reaction forces 参考框架参考框架 frame of reference 大小和方向大小和方向 magnitude and direction 几何约束几何约束 geometric restriction 刚性连接刚性连接 rigidly connected 运动学关系运动学关系 kinematical relations 运动的合成运动的合成 superposition of movement 固定点固定点 fixed point 平动的叠加平动的叠加 superposition of translation 刚体的角速度刚体的角速度 angular speed of a rigid body 质点动力学质点动力学 particle dynamics 运动微分方程运动微分方程 differential equation of motion 工程实际问题工程实际问题 practical engineering problems 变化率变化率 rate of change 动量守恒动量守恒 conservation of linear momentum 定性的描述定性的描述 qualitative description 点线点线 dotted line 划线划线 dashed line 实线实线 solid line 矢量积矢量积 vector product 点积点积 dot product 极惯性矩极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia 角速度角速度 angular velocity 角加速度角加速度 angular acceleration infinitesimal amount 无穷小量无穷小量 definite integral 定积分定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段某一时间段 kinetic energy 动能动能conservative force 保守力保守力damping force 阻尼力阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数阻尼系数阻尼系数 free vibration 自由振动自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动周期性扰动 viscous force 粘性力粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动强迫震动general solution 通解通解particular solution 特解特解transient solution 瞬态解瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程二阶偏微分方程 external force 外力外力internal force 内力内力stress component 应力分量应力分量state of stress 应力状态应力状态应力状态 coordinate axes 坐标系坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件平衡条件平衡条件 body force 体力体力continuum mechanics 连续介质力学连续介质力学 displacement component 位移分量位移分量 additional restrictions 附加约束附加约束 compatibility conditions 相容条件相容条件 mathematical formulations 数学公式数学公式 isotropic material 各向同性材料各向同性材料 sufficient small 充分小充分小state of strain 应变状态应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量第一应变不变量 deviator stress components 应力偏量分量应力偏量分量应力偏量分量 the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量应力张量的第一不变量 bulk modulus 体积模量体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系本构关系 linear elastic material 线弹性材料线弹性材料线弹性材料 mathematical derivation 数学推导数学推导 a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态静力平衡状态 Newton ‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律牛顿第一运动定律 directly proportional to 与……成正比与……成正比与……成正比 stress concentration factor 应力集中系数应力集中系数应力集中系数 state of loading 载荷状态载荷状态载荷状态 st venant ’ principle 圣维南原理圣维南原理 uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标柱坐标 buckling of columns 柱的屈曲柱的屈曲柱的屈曲 critical value 临界值临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件不稳定平衡条件 critical load 临界载荷临界载荷a slender column 细长杆细长杆细长杆 fixed at the lower end 下端固定下端固定 free at the upper end 上端自由上端自由 critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷临界屈曲载荷临界屈曲载荷 potential energy 势能势能fixed at both ends 两端固定两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸横向尺寸 stability of column 柱的稳定柱的稳定柱的稳定axial force 轴向力轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔椭圆孔plane stress 平面应力平面应力nominal stress 名义应为名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向主应力方向主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩轴向压缩 dynamic loading 动载荷动载荷 dynamic problem 动力学问题动力学问题 inertia force 惯性力惯性力resonance vibration 谐振谐振static states of stress 静态应力静态应力 dynamic response 动力响应动力响应time of contact 接触时间接触时间length of wave 波长波长波长resonance frequency 谐振频率谐振频率。
力学英文名词对照
力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics 经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics子波 wavelet次级子波 secondary wavelet驻波 standing wave声[音] sound声强 intensity of sound声强计 phonometer声调 intonation音色 musical quality音调 pitch声级 sound level声压[强] sound pressure声源 sound source声阻抗 acoustic impedance声抗 acoustic reactance声阻 acoustic resistance声导纳 acoustic admittance声导 acoustic conductance声纳 acoustic susceptance声共振 acoustic resonance声波 sound wave超声波 supersonic wave声速 sound velocity次声波 infrasonic wave亚声速 subsonic speed又称“亚音速”。
超声速 supersonic speed又称“超音速”。
声呐 sonar共鸣 resonance回波 echo回声 echo拍 beat拍频 beat frequency群速 group velocity相速 phase velocity能流 energy flux能流密度 energy flux density材料力学 mechanics of materials, strength of materials 应力 stress法向应力 normal stress剪[切]应力 shear stress单轴应力 uniaxial stress双轴应力 biaxial stress拉[伸]应力 tensile stress压[缩]应力 compressive stress周向应力 circumferential stress纵向应力 longitudinal stress轴向应力 axial stress弯[曲]应力 bending stress, flexural stress 扭[转]应力 torsional stress局部应力 localized stress残余应力 residual stress热应力 thermal stress最大法向应力 maximum normal stress最小法向应力 minimum normal stress最大剪应力 maximum shear stress主应力 principal stress主剪应力 principal shear stress工作应力 working stress许用应力 allowable stress应力集中 stress concentration应力集中系数 stress concentration factor 应力状态 state of stress应力分析 stress analysis结构[强度]分析 structured analysis应变 strain剪[切]应变 shear strain法向应变 normal strain拉[伸]应变 tensile strain压[缩]应变 compressive strain体积应变 volumetric strain残余应变 residual strain热应变 thermal strain最大法向应变 maximum normal strain主应变 principal strain主剪应变 principal shear strain名义应变 nominal strain应变状态 state of strain载荷 load又称“荷载”。
工程力学专业英语翻译
1.In the finite element method ,the actual continuum or body of matter like solid ,liquid or gasis represented as an assemblage of subdivisions called finite elements .these elements are considered to be interconnected at specified joints which are called nodes or nodal points .the nodes usually lie on the element boundaries where adjacent elements are considered to be connected.在有限元方法中，本来连续体物质像固体液体气体被看做是一个划分后有限单元的集合。
这些单元被认为是在指定的关节是相互联系的,这些关节被称为节点。
这些节点通常附着在与附近单元相联系的边界上2.With the program registered in some information support, and the data and proper controlcommands added, the program is ready to be tested by submitting it for processing. At the beginning, the program will include some errors that may be syntax errors and logic errors.Syntax errors appears because some of the rules of the language are violated. Normally these can be easily detected and corrected. Logic errors correspond to the case that a syntax error-free program is submitted for execution, but it does not produce the desired results.随着程序的编写在信息的支持下，数据和合适的控制命令的增加，这个程序快速的被测试，通过提交它给过程。
力学英文词汇
力学mechanics牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics动理学kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学general mechanics固体力学solid mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics应用力学applied mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics理性力学rational mechanics物理力学physical mechanics地球动力学geodynamics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system 等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium 。
，力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket循环坐标cyclic coordinate循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程Appell equation劳斯方程Routh equation拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability久期不稳定性secular instability弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem倾覆力矩capsizing moment自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping同相分量in-phase component非同相分量out-of -phase component超调量overshoot参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system 相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method跳跃现象jump phenomenon负阻尼negative damping达芬方程Duffing equation希尔方程Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii met hod马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation平均法averaging method组合音调combination tone解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration分界线separatrix亚谐波subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation邓克利公式Dunkerley formula瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system优势频率dominant frequency模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization超谐波ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction应力过冲stress overshoot喘振surge摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion起伏振荡phugoid oscillation驰振galloping陀螺动力学gyrodynamics陀螺摆gyropendulum陀螺平台gyroplatform陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer陀螺体gyrostat惯性导航inertial guidance姿态角attitude angle方位角azimuthal angle舒勒周期Schuler period机器人动力学robot dynamics多体系统multibody system多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system 机动性maneuverability凯恩方法Kane method转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession油膜振荡oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心self-alignment亚临界转速subcritical speed涡动whirlI CAN FLY￥￥零积分下载全部资料￥￥/show/search.asp?sel=admin_name&keywords=wangxy29992005-12-30 13:18:009楼：RE:【转贴】力学词汇[回复] [引用] [维护][查看该用户在资料中心上传的资料][个人资料][给他留言] [帖子合集]连续过程continuous process碰撞截面collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度dilution完全离解complete dissociation火焰传播flame propagation组份constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate燃烧理论combustion theory浓度梯度concentration gradient阴极腐蚀cathodic corrosion火焰速度flame speed火焰驻定flame stabilization火焰结构flame structure着火ignition湍流火焰turbulent flame层流火焰laminar flame燃烧带burning zone渗流flow in porous media, seepage 达西定律Darcy law赫尔-肖流Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流capillary flow过滤filtration爪进fingering不互溶驱替immiscible displacement 不互溶流体immiscible fluid互溶驱替miscible displacement互溶流体miscible fluid迁移率mobility流度比mobility ratio渗透率permeability孔隙度porosity多孔介质porous medium比面specific surfacee迂曲度tortuosity空隙void空隙分数void fraction注水water flooding可湿性wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流atmospheric circulation海洋环流ocean circulation海洋流ocean current旋转流rotating flow平流advection埃克曼流Ekman flow埃克曼边界层Ekman boundary layer大气边界层atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction 埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数Rossby unmber罗斯贝波Rossby wave斜压性baroclinicity正压性barotropy内磨擦internal friction海洋波ocean wave盐度salinity环境流体力学environmental fluid mechanics 斯托克斯流Stokes flow羽流plume理查森数Richardson number污染源pollutant source污染物扩散pollutant diffusion噪声noise噪声级noise level噪声污染noise pollution排放物effulent工业流体力学industrical fluid mechanics流控技术fluidics轴向流axial flow并向流co-current flow对向流counter current flow横向流cross flow螺旋流spiral flow旋拧流swirling flow滞后流after flow混合层mixing layer抖振buffeting风压wind pressure附壁效应wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率reduced frequency爆炸力学mechanics of explosion终点弹道学terminal ballistics动态超高压技术dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性thermoplastic instability空中爆炸explosion in air地下爆炸underground explosion水下爆炸underwater explosion电爆炸discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸laser-induced explosion核爆炸nuclear explosion点爆炸point-source explosion殉爆sympathatic detonation强爆炸intense explosion粒子束爆炸explosion by beam radiation聚爆implosion起爆initiation of explosion爆破blasting霍普金森杆Hopkinson bar电炮electric gun电磁炮electromagnetic gun爆炸洞explosion chamber轻气炮light gas gun马赫反射Mach reflection基浪base surge成坑cratering能量沉积energy deposition爆心explosion center爆炸当量explosion equivalent火球fire ball爆高height of burst蘑菇云mushroom侵彻penetration规则反射regular reflection崩落spallation应变率史strain rate history流变学rheology聚合物减阻drag reduction by polymers 挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀shear thinning触变性thixotropy反触变性anti-thixotropy超塑性superplasticity粘弹塑性材料viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料anelastic material本构关系constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型Bingham model奥伊洛特模型Oldroyd model幂律模型power law model应力松驰stress relaxation应变史strain history应力史stress history记忆函数memory function衰退记忆fading memory应力增长stress growing粘度函数voscosity function相对粘度relative viscosity复态粘度complex viscosity拉伸粘度elongational viscosity拉伸流动elongational flow第一法向应力差first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference 德博拉数Deborah number魏森贝格数Weissenberg number动态模量dynamic modulus振荡剪切流oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学plasma dynamics电离气体ionized gas行星边界层planetary boundary layer阿尔文波Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数Hartman number生物流变学biorheology生物流体biofluid生物屈服点bioyield point生物屈服应力bioyield stress电气体力学electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学hemodynamics磁流体力学magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流Bingham plastic flow开尔文体Kelvin body沃伊特体Voigt body可贴变形applicable deformation可贴曲面applicable surface边界润滑boundary lubrication液膜润滑fluid film lubrication向心收缩功concentric work离心收缩功eccentric work关节反作用力joint reaction force微循环力学microcyclic mechanics微纤维microfibril渗透性permeability生理横截面积physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度fibrousness硬皮度rustiness胶粘度gumminess粘稠度stickiness嫩度tenderness渗透流osmotic flow易位流translocation flow蒸腾流transpirational flow过滤阻力filtration resistance压扁wafering风雪流snow-driving wind停滞堆积accretion遇阻堆积encroachment沙漠地面desert floor流沙固定fixation of shifting sand流动阈值fluid thresholdI CAN FLY￥￥零积分下载全部资料￥￥/show/search.asp?sel=admin_nam e&keywords=wangxy29992005-12-30 13:23:001楼：RE:【转贴】力学词汇[回复] [引用] [维护][查看该用户在资料中心上传的资料][个人资料][给他留言] [帖子合集]固体力学弹性力学elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell[圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation量纲分析Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness 拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem率相关理论rate dependent theorem载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载Simple loading比例加载Proportional loading卸载Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间strain space有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment 塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy屈服Yield屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential能量吸收装置energy absorbing device能量耗散率energy absorbing device塑性动力学dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity 米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation 特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity EquationI CAN FLY￥￥零积分下载全部资料￥￥/show/search.asp?sel=admin_nam e&keywords=wangxy29992005-12-30 13:18:002楼：RE:【转贴】力学词汇[回复] [引用] [维护][查看该用户在资料中心上传的资料][个人资料][给他留言] [帖子合集]结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy 机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation 单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料composite material纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite层板Laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate层片Ply多胞固体cellular solid膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stressspecific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor强度应力比strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量trans isotropy正交各向异Orthotrop verse shear modulus 横观各向同性transversey剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimum weight design网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD 裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation止裂crack arrest止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂Tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHRR场Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature2005-12-30 13:19:00连续问题continuous problem广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element 轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element 超参数元super-parametric element亚参数元sub-parametric element节点数可变元variable-number-node element拉格朗日元Lagrange element拉格朗日族Lagrange family巧凑边点元serendipity element巧凑边点族serendipity family无限元infinite element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly o f mass matrices 单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation合同变换contragradient transformation形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function代用函数substitute function降阶积分reduced integration零能模式zero-energy modeP收敛p-convergenceH收敛h-convergence掺混插值blended interpolation等参数映射isoparametric mapping双线性插值bilinear interpolation小块检验patch test非协调模式incompatible mode节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method纽马克法Newmark威尔逊法Wilson拟牛顿法quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique超单元super-element网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structureI CAN FLY￥￥零积分下载全部资料￥￥/show/search.asp?sel=admin_nam e&keywords=wangxy29992005-12-30 13:20:005楼：RE:【转贴】力学词汇。
力学专业英语Translation1
G1 Basic Concepts in MechanicsWork is defined as force multiplied by the distance over which the force acts. Work is measured in metre-kilograms.（直译+意译法）功是指力与该力方向上位移的乘积，单位是米•牛顿（焦耳）。
A metre-kilogram equals the work done by a force of one kilogram acting through a distance of one metre.（直译+意译法）一焦耳的功相当于一千克物体在力的作用下（沿力的方向）移动一米。
For example, if a work task involves lifting a 300-kilogram machine two and one-half metres into a truck, then 750 metre-kilograms of work is required.（直译+意译法）譬如，将一个重达300千克的机械举起2.5米，置于卡车中，这需要750焦耳的功。
Since no humans can lift 300 kilograms directly, a device must be employed to modify the required effort into something manageable.（直译+意译法）因为没有人能直接举起300千克，所以必须动用一个设备以可行的方式实现所需的工作量。
One common device is an inclined plane - in this case, a loading ramp that slopes from the ground to the truck. If the ramp were 10 meters long and friction forces were negligibly small, then 75 kilograms of force would be required to roll the machine up the ramp.（直译+意译法）一个常见的设备是一个斜面——在该情况下，是一个从地面连接到卡车的荷载斜板。
中英对照力学课程名称
中英对照－力学专业课程名称数学分析 Mathematical Analysis高等代数与几何 Advanced Algebra and Geometry常微分方程 Ordinary Differential Equation数学物理方法 Methods in Mathematical Physics计算方法 Numerical Methods理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics材料力学 Mechanics of Materials弹性力学 Elasticity流体力学 Fluid Mechanics力学实验 Experiments in Solid Mechanics机械制图 Machining Drawing力学概论 Introduction to Mechanics气体力学 Gas Dynamics计算流体力学 Computational Fluid Mechanics弹性板理论 Theory of Elastic Plates粘性流体力学 Viscous Fluid Flow弹性力学变分原理 Variational Principles inElasticity有限元法 Finite Element Method塑性力学 Introduction of Plasticity经典力学中的数学方法 Mathematical Methods of ClassicalMechanics 机器人动力学 Dynamics of Robots自动控制原理 Principles of Automatic Control优化计算与最化控制 Optimization and OptimalControl 计算机图象处理 Image Processing计算机图形学 Computer Graphics概率与统计 Probability and Statistics专业英语 English for Mechanics振动理论 Theory of Vibration程序设计方法(C和FORTRAN) Programming in C & FORTRAN 水动力学 Hydrodynamics光测力学 Photo Mechanics断裂力学 Fracture Mechanics高等动力学 Advanced Dynamics摄动方法 Perturbation Methods机械设计与Auto CAD Machinery Designing and AutoCAD 信息显示(可视化) Visualization微机原理 Principles of Personal Computer复变函数 Complex Function。
力学名词英语翻译
力学名词英语翻译力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学 macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学 mesomechanics微观力学 microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学 general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system等效力系 equivalent force system刚体 rigid body力的可传性 transmissibility of force平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力的平衡 equilibrium of forces平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡位置 equilibrium position平衡态 equilibrium state分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号 Lagrange bracket循环坐标 cyclic coordinate循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程 Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量 action-angle variables阿佩尔方程 Appell equation劳斯方程 Routh equation拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function诺特定理 Noether theorem泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法 boundary integral method并矢 dyad运动稳定性 stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数 Lyapunov function渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability结构稳定性 structural stability久期不稳定性 secular instability弗洛凯定理 Floquet theorem倾覆力矩 capsizing moment自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量 out-of-phase component超调量 overshoot参量[激励]振动 parametric vibration模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速 critical speed of rotation阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width集总参量系统 lumped parameter system相平面法 phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory等倾线法 isocline method跳跃现象 jump phenomenon负阻尼 negative damping达芬方程 Duffing equation希尔方程 Hill equationKBM方法 KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程 Mathieu equation平均法 averaging method组合音调 combination tone解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬激励 hard excitation硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration分界线 separatrix亚谐波 subharmonic软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring软激励 soft excitation邓克利公式 Dunkerley formula瑞利定理 Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统 distributed parameter system优势频率 dominant frequency模态分析 modal analysis固有模态 natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization超谐波 ultraharmonic范德波尔方程 van der pol equation频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequencyWKB方法 WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction应力过冲 stress overshoot喘振 surge摆振 shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation驰振 galloping陀螺动力学 gyrodynamics陀螺摆 gyropendulum陀螺平台 gyroplatform陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器 gyrostabilizer陀螺体 gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance姿态角 attitude angle方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 Schuler period机器人动力学 robot dynamics多体系统 multibody system多刚体系统 multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability凯恩方法 Kane method转子[系统]动力学 rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统 rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动 fractional frequency precession半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡 oil whip转子临界转速 rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动 whirl连续过程 continuous process碰撞截面 collision cross section通用气体常数 conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性 combustion instability稀释度 dilution完全离解 complete dissociation火焰传播 flame propagation组份 constituent碰撞反应速率 collision reaction rate燃烧理论 combustion theory浓度梯度 concentration gradient阴极腐蚀 cathodic corrosion火焰速度 flame speed火焰驻定 flame stabilization火焰结构 flame structure着火 ignition湍流火焰 turbulent flame层流火焰 laminar flame燃烧带 burning zone渗流 flow in porous media, seepage达西定律 Darcy law赫尔-肖流 Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流 capillary flow过滤 filtration爪进 fingering不互溶驱替 immiscible displacement不互溶流体 immiscible fluid互溶驱替 miscible displacement互溶流体 miscible fluid迁移率 mobility流度比 mobility ratio渗透率 permeability孔隙度 porosity多孔介质 porous medium比面 specific surface迂曲度 tortuosity空隙 void空隙分数 void fraction注水 water flooding可湿性 wettability地球物理流体动力学 geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学 physical oceanography大气环流 atmospheric circulation海洋环流 ocean circulation海洋流 ocean current旋转流 rotating flow平流 advection埃克曼流 Ekman flow埃克曼边界层 Ekman boundary layer大气边界层 atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用 atmosphere-ocean interaction埃克曼数 Ekman number罗斯贝数 Rossby unmber罗斯贝波 Rossby wave斜压性 baroclinicity正压性 barotropy内磨擦 internal friction海洋波 ocean wave盐度 salinity环境流体力学 environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流 Stokes flow羽流 plume理查森数 Richardson number污染源 pollutant source污染物扩散 pollutant diffusion噪声 noise噪声级 noise level噪声污染 noise pollution排放物 effulent工业流体力学 industrical fluid mechanics流控技术 fluidics轴向流 axial flow并向流 co-current flow对向流 counter current flow横向流 cross flow螺旋流 spiral flow旋拧流 swirling flow滞后流 after flow混合层 mixing layer抖振 buffeting风压 wind pressure附壁效应 wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率 reduced frequency爆炸力学 mechanics of explosion终点弹道学 terminal ballistics动态超高压技术 dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体 hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性 thermoplastic instability空中爆炸 explosion in air地下爆炸 underground explosion水下爆炸 underwater explosion电爆炸 discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸 laser-induced explosion核爆炸 nuclear explosion点爆炸 point-source explosion殉爆 sympathatic detonation强爆炸 intense explosion粒子束爆炸 explosion by beam radiation聚爆 implosion起爆 initiation of explosion爆破 blasting霍普金森杆 Hopkinson bar电炮 electric gun电磁炮 electromagnetic gun爆炸洞 explosion chamber轻气炮 light gas gun马赫反射 Mach reflection基浪 base surge成坑 cratering能量沉积 energy deposition爆心 explosion center爆炸当量 explosion equivalent火球 fire ball爆高 height of burst蘑菇云 mushroom侵彻 penetration规则反射 regular reflection崩落 spallation应变率史 strain rate history流变学 rheology聚合物减阻 drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大 extrusion swell, die swell 无管虹吸 tubeless siphon剪胀效应 dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应 hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠 shear thickening剪切致稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy反触变性 anti-thixotropy超塑性 superplasticity粘弹塑性材料 viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料 anelastic material本构关系 constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型 Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型 Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型 Bingham model奥伊洛特模型 Oldroyd model幂律模型 power law model应力松驰 stress relaxation应变史 strain history应力史 stress history记忆函数 memory function衰退记忆 fading memory应力增长 stress growing粘度函数 voscosity function相对粘度 relative viscosity复态粘度 complex viscosity拉伸粘度 elongational viscosity拉伸流动 elongational flow第一法向应力差 first normal-stress difference 第二法向应力差 second normal-stress difference 德博拉数 Deborah number魏森贝格数 Weissenberg number动态模量 dynamic modulus振荡剪切流 oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学 cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学 plasma dynamics电离气体 ionized gas行星边界层 planetary boundary layer阿尔文波 Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数 Hartman number生物流变学 biorheology生物流体 biofluid生物屈服点 bioyield point生物屈服应力 bioyield stress电气体力学 electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学 ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学 hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学 hemodynamics磁流体力学 magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学 magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波 magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流 magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性 magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学 biomechanics生物流体力学 biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学 biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流 Bingham plastic flow开尔文体 Kelvin body沃伊特体 Voigt body可贴变形 applicable deformation可贴曲面 applicable surface边界润滑 boundary lubrication液膜润滑 fluid film lubrication向心收缩功 concentric work离心收缩功 eccentric work关节反作用力 joint reaction force微循环力学 microcyclic mechanics微纤维 microfibril渗透性 permeability生理横截面积 physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学 agrobiomechanics纤维度 fibrousness硬皮度 rustiness胶粘度 gumminess粘稠度 stickiness嫩度 tenderness渗透流 osmotic flow易位流 translocation flow蒸腾流 transpirational flow过滤阻力 filtration resistance压扁 wafering风雪流 snow-driving wind停滞堆积 accretion遇阻堆积 encroachment沙漠地面 desert floor流沙固定 fixation of shifting sand流动阈值 fluid threshold。
力学专业英语考试重点
力学专业英语考试重点Only by being serious and persistent can one achieve success in one's career力学专业英语考试重点整理一、单词：英译汉、汉译英Centroid 质心,形心Elasticity 弹力,弹性Linear 线性的,直线的Prismatic 棱镜的,棱柱形的Strain 应变Stress 应力Tension 张力,拉力,拉紧Alloy 合金Aluminium 铝Ductile 易延展的,韧性的Failure 失败,破坏,失效Lateral 侧面的,横向的Necking 颈缩Couple 力偶Cylinder 圆筒,圆筒状物Inertia 惯性,惯量,惰性Shaft 轴,杆状物Torsion 扭矩Cantilever 悬臂梁,伸臂Neutral 中性的Statics 静力学,静止状态,静态Symmetry 对称Transverse 横向的,横断的Astronomer 天文学家Galaxy 天河,银河,星系Planet 行星Collinear 共线的,在同一直线上的Dimension 尺寸,大小,维数Equate 使相等,等同Parameter 参量,参数Visualize 想象,形象化,使看得见Acceleration 加速度Dynamics 动力学Stationary 不动的,稳定的,定常的Vector 矢量Velocity 速度Angular 角的,角度的Coordinate 坐标Radian 弧度Shaft 轴Symbol 符号Conservation 守恒,保存Differentiation 微分Integration 积分,集成,一体化Interval 间隔,间隙,空隙Linear 直线的,线性的,一次的Moment 力矩,瞬间,片刻Vector 矢量Velocity 速度Derivative 导数,派生的Frequency 频率Friction 摩擦Magnitude 大小,量级Power 力量,乘方,幂Viscous 黏性的Continuum 连续体,连续统Rectangular 矩形的,成直角的Resultant 合成的,合力,合量Torque 扭转力,扭矩Dilatation 膨胀,扩张Distortion 扭曲,变形Isotropic 各向同性的Tensor 张量Coordinate 坐标Crack 裂缝Curvature 曲率Ellipse 椭圆Formula 公式Function 函数,功能Buckle 屈曲,皱曲,弄弯,翘曲Deflection 挠曲,偏向Wrinkle 皱纹,皱褶,起皱Factor 因数,系数Flexural 弯曲的,挠曲的Notch 缺口,凹槽,刻痕Vibrate 振动vVibration 振动nDetector 发现者,侦察器,探测器,检波器Vacuum 真空,空间,真空的,产生真空的Other than 除了二、句子：英译汉1、The concepts of stress and strain can be illustrated in an elementary way by considering the extension of a prismatic bar. As shown in Fig. 1, a prismatic bar is one that has constant cross section throughout its length and a straight axis. In thisillustration the bar is assumed to be loaded at its ends by axial forces P that produce a uniform stretching, or tension, of the bar.翻译：应力和应变的概念可以通过考虑一个棱柱形杆的拉伸这样一个简单的方式来说明;一个棱柱形的杆是一个遍及它的长度方向和直轴都是恒定的横截面;在这个实例中,假设在杆的两端施加有轴向力F,并且在杆上产生了均匀的伸长或者拉紧;2、By making an artificial cut section mm through the bar at right angles to its axis, we can isolate part of the bar as a free body see Fig. 1b. At the left-hand end the tensile force P is applied, and at the other end there are forces representing the action of the removed portion of the bar upon the part that remains. These forces will be continuously distributed over the cross section, analogous to the continuous distribution of hydrostatic pressure over a submerged surface.翻译：通过在杆上人工分割出一个垂直于其轴的截面mm,我们可以分离出杆的部分作为自由体如图1b;在左端施加有拉力P,在另一个端有一个代表杆上被移除部分作用在仍然保存的那部分的力;这些力是连续分布在横截面的,类似于静水压力在被淹没表面的连续分布;3、We are so used to our life on the surface of the earth that it can be quite an effort for our minds to break free of all the ideas that we take for granted. We talk about ‘up’ and ‘down’ , but we know that what is ‘down’ for us is ‘up’ for someone else on the other side of the world. We can feel that things are heavy, and we often think of ‘weight’ as being a fixed quality in an object, but it is not really fixed at all. If you could take a one-pound packet of butter 4,000 miles out from the earth, it would weigh only a quarter of a pound.翻译：我们是如此熟悉在地球表面上的生活,以至于需要很努力才能从心理打破我们认为理所当然的观点;我们谈论“上”和“下”,但是我们知道对于我们来说是“上”,对于世界另一边的人来说就是“下”;我们可以感受到物体很重,并且我们经常认为“重量”是物体固定的量,但是它不总是固定的;如果你把一包一磅重的1磅;黄油带到离地球4000英里的地方,它将只有44、Why would things weigh only a quarter as much as they do at the surface of the earth if we took them 4,000 miles out into space The reason is this : all objects have a natural attraction for all other objects, this is called gravitational attraction. But the power of attraction between tow objects gets weaker as they get farther apart.1理由翻译：为什么我们把物体带到空中4000英里处,它的重量只有地表时的4是：所有的物体对于其他的物体都有自然的吸引力,这叫做万有引力;但是两个物理间吸引的程度会随着他们愈来愈远,变的愈来愈弱;5、What about the weight of our one-pound packet of butter on the surface of the moon On the moon there will be an attraction between the butter and the moon, but the butter will weigh only about one sixth as much as it does on the earth. This is because the moon is so much smaller than the earth. The amount of gravitational pull that a body produces depends on the amount of material in it. So this is one of the first things we need to remember: that the weight of an object in space is not the same as its weight on the surface of the earth.翻译：一包一磅重的黄油在月球上的重量又是多少呢在月球上,黄油和月球之间有1;这是因为月球比地球小的多;物体产生的引吸引力,但是黄油只有地球上重量的6力值取决于它自身材料的数量;因此这是我们首先需要记住的事情：物体在太空中的重量与在地球表面的重量是不同的;6、When a medium is disturbed by the passage of a wave through it, the particles comprising the medium are caused to vibrate. To take a simple example, corks floating on the surface of a pond will bob up and down owing to the influence of water waves.The bob of a simple pendulum and the weight hanging freely from the end of a spring are other examples of particles which may be set in vibration, and most readers will have a good mental picture of these vibrate.翻译：当介质由于波通过它而引起扰动时,由介质组成的质点发生振动;举一个简单的例子,漂浮在池塘表面的软木塞由于水波的影响上下跳动;简单钟摆的浮子和自由悬挂在弹簧末端的重量,是可能处于振动中的质点的其他例子,多数读者将会对这些质点如何振动有一个好的印象;7、The motion of a vibrating particle is periodic, that is, after equal intervals of timethe period T the system finds itself in exactly the same situation. The bob of the pendulum, for example, is found to be at the same position, moving with the same velocity and acceleration as it was T seconds earlier, and these quantities will be the same T, 2T , 3T, etc. Seconds later. During the interval of one period, a vibrating system is said to go through a cycle of situation, and the frequency f is defined as the number of cycles occurring in one second. Clearly, then ,f=1/T, the dimension of f is second -1 . This unit is termed the hertz.翻译：一个振动质点的运动时周期性的额,也就是说,在相等的时间间隔时段T 后,系统将会准确的处于相同的位置;例如,将会发现钟摆的浮子处于相同的位置,以跟T 时刻前相同的速度和加速度移动,这些量在T,2T,3T 等时刻后也是一样的;在一个时间间隔内,振动系统据说经历了一个周期的状态,频率f 被定义为在一秒内发生循环的次数;很明显,f=T1,f 的单位是1-S ;这个单位被叫做赫兹Hz;8、2x/dt 2 ,which is directed towards the point o and proportional to he distance x. Thus0/222=+x dt x d ω where ω is a positive constant.翻译：最简单的一类周期运动时,一个支点沿着直线运动,它的加速度指向线的一个固定点,并且与从固定点起计算的距离成比例;这叫做简谐运动;假设一点P 沿着一直线移动,以便它的关于点沿着一直线移动,以便它的关于点O 的位置完全由位移的坐标X 指定;移动点的加速度是22d dtx,指向O,并且与距离X 成比例;这样得到0/222=+x dt x d ω,式中ω是正常数;9、If the equations of equilibrium and compatibility are examined, it is found that the equations which involve stresses involve only stresses, body forces, and accelerations, but do not involve strains or displacements. Furthermore, those equations which involve strains and displacements do not contain stresses.翻译：如果观察平衡方程和相容方程,就会发现包含应力的方程只包含应力、体力和加速度,但是不包含应变和位移;另外,那些包含应变和位移的方程不包含应力; 10、Since the application of forces to a body produces both stress and deformation, it is expected that the stresses on an element can be related to the deformation which these stresses produce. Such a set of relationships will then complete the description of the action of loads on the body. Experience has demonstrated that these relationships will depend on the material in question.翻译：由于作用于物体上的力使物体产生应力和变形,人们可以看到单元上的应力与这些应力产生的变形有关;这样一组关系完成了对作用在物体上荷载的描述;实验表明这些关系取决于所讨论问题的材料;11、For most engineering materials, elastic strains are always sufficiently small that the relationship between the stress and strains is linear. The most general set of linear relations which could be written is kl k l ij C εσ∑∑===3131ijk l . The s ’C ijkl are proportionalityconstants, where i and j can have any value from 1to 3 . The number of constants ijk l C required is therefore 34=81. From equilibrium it is known that ji ij δ=δand by definitionji ij ε=ε.翻译：由于大多数工程材料,弹性应变通常是十分小的,应力和应变的关系是线性的;最普遍的一组线性关系可以表示为kl k l ij C εσ∑∑===3131ijk l ;其中ijk l C 是比例常数,ij 可以取从1到3的所有值;所以常数ijk l C 有34=81个;从平衡关系可以知道 ji ij δ=δ当然地ji ij ε=ε;12、From energy arguments it can be shown that klij ijkl C C =. These conditions combined imply that the number of independent constants which must be specified in the most general linear elastic formulation is 21. Since materials generally have a great deal of symmetry, arguments based on the equivalence of various directions in a material can be used to further reduce the number of constants required.翻译：从能量的观点看可以知道klij ijkl C C =;这些条件组合意指,在最普遍的线弹性公式中,需要指定的独立常数的数量是21.由于材料通常具有大量的对称性,依据不同方向等价性的参数可以进一步的被用于减少所需常数的量;。
理论力学专业词汇中英对照
*静力学statics*运动学kinematics*动力学dynamics*理论力学theoretical mechanics*约束constraint*力系force system*平衡力系balanced force system*刚体rigid body*力偶force couple*力的平移定理theorem of translation of a force*主矢principal vector*主矩principal moment*物体系统（物系）body system (bs)*滑动摩擦sliding friction*摩擦角angle of friction*自锁self-locking*物体的重心the center of gravity of object *轨迹trajectory*速度velocity*加速度acceleration of a particle*运动方程equation of motion*转角angle of rotation*转动方程equation of rotation *角速度angular velocity*角加速度angular acceleration*匀速转动uniform rotation*绝对速度absolute velocity*绝对加速度absolute acceleration*相对速度relative velocity*相对加速度relative acceleration*牵连速度convected velocity*牵连加速度convected acceleration*绝对运动absolute motion*相对运动relative motion*牵连运动convected motion*科氏加速度coriolis acceleration*平面运动方程equations of plane motion *质点particle*动量momentum*冲量impulse*动量矩moment of momentum*功率power*动能kinetic energy*动静法dynamic-static method*虚位移virtual displacements*虚功virtual work。