力学专业英语部分翻译孟庆元
力学名词英文翻译
力学名词英文翻译力学通类名词力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学mesomechanics微观力学microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system 等效力系equivalent force system刚体 rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force 平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力的平衡 equilibrium of forces平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡位置 equilibrium position平衡态 equilibrium state分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号 Lagrange bracket循环坐标 cyclic coordinate循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程 Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables阿佩尔方程 Appell equation劳斯方程 Routh equation拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function诺特定理 Noether theorem泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法 boundary integral method 并矢 dyad运动稳定性 stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数 Lyapunov function渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability结构稳定性 structural stability久期不稳定性 secular instability弗洛凯定理 Floquet theorem倾覆力矩 capsizing moment自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量 out-of-phase component超调量 overshoot参量[激励]振动 parametric vibration模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速 critical speed of rotation阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width集总参量系统 lumped parameter system 相平面法 phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory等倾线法 isocline method跳跃现象 jump phenomenon负阻尼 negative damping达芬方程 Duffing equation希尔方程 Hill equationKBM方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu-bov-Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程 Mathieu equation平均法 averaging method组合音调 combination tone解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬激励 hard excitation硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration分界线 separatrix亚谐波 subharmonic软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring软激励 soft excitation邓克利公式 Dunkerley formula瑞利定理 Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统distributed parameter system 优势频率dominant frequency模态分析 modal analysis固有模态 natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization超谐波 ultraharmonic范德波尔方程 van der pol equation频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequencyWKB方法 WKB method, Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction应力过冲 stress overshoot喘振 surge摆振 shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation驰振 galloping陀螺动力学 gyrodynamics陀螺摆 gyropendulum陀螺平台 gyroplatform陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器 gyrostabilizer陀螺体 gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance姿态角 attitude angle方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 Schuler period机器人动力学 robot dynamics多体系统 multibody system多刚体系统 multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability凯恩方法 Kane method转子[系统]动力学 rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动 fractional frequency precession半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡 oil whip转子临界转速 rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动 whirl连续过程 continuous process碰撞截面 collision cross section通用气体常数conventional gas constant 燃烧不稳定性combustion instability稀释度 dilution完全离解 complete dissociation火焰传播 flame propagation组份 constituent碰撞反应速率collision reaction rate 燃烧理论combustion theory浓度梯度 concentration gradient阴极腐蚀 cathodic corrosion火焰速度 flame speed火焰驻定 flame stabilization火焰结构 flame structure着火 ignition湍流火焰 turbulent flame层流火焰 laminar flame燃烧带 burning zone渗流 flow in porous media, seepage达西定律 Darcy law赫尔-肖流 Hele-Shaw flow毛[细]管流 capillary flow过滤 filtration爪进 fingering不互溶驱替 immiscible displacement不互溶流体 immiscible fluid互溶驱替 miscible displacement互溶流体 miscible fluid迁移率 mobility流度比 mobility ratio渗透率 permeability孔隙度 porosity多孔介质 porous medium比面 specific surface迂曲度 tortuosity空隙 void空隙分数 void fraction注水 water flooding可湿性 wettability地球物理流体动力学geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学physical oceanography大气环流 atmospheric circulation海洋环流 ocean circulation海洋流 ocean current旋转流 rotating flow平流 advection埃克曼流 Ekman flow埃克曼边界层 Ekman boundary layer大气边界层 atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用atmosphere-ocean interaction 埃克曼数Ekman number罗斯贝数 Rossby unmber罗斯贝波 Rossby wave斜压性 baroclinicity正压性 barotropy内磨擦 internal friction海洋波 ocean wave盐度 salinity环境流体力学 environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流 Stokes flow羽流 plume理查森数 Richardson number污染源 pollutant source污染物扩散 pollutant diffusion噪声 noise噪声级 noise level噪声污染 noise pollution排放物 effulent工业流体力学 industrical fluid mechanics流控技术 fluidics轴向流 axial flow并向流 co-current flow对向流 counter current flow横向流 cross flow螺旋流 spiral flow旋拧流 swirling flow滞后流 after flow混合层 mixing layer抖振 buffeting风压 wind pressure附壁效应 wall attachment effect, Coanda effect简约频率 reduced frequency爆炸力学 mechanics of explosion终点弹道学 terminal ballistics动态超高压技术 dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体 hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性 thermoplastic instability空中爆炸 explosion in air地下爆炸 underground explosion水下爆炸 underwater explosion电爆炸 discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸 laser-induced explosion核爆炸 nuclear explosion点爆炸 point-source explosion殉爆 sympathatic detonation强爆炸 intense explosion粒子束爆炸 explosion by beam radiation 聚爆 implosion起爆 initiation of explosion爆破 blasting霍普金森杆 Hopkinson bar电炮 electric gun电磁炮 electromagnetic gun爆炸洞 explosion chamber轻气炮 light gas gun马赫反射 Mach reflection基浪 base surge成坑 cratering能量沉积 energy deposition爆心 explosion center爆炸当量 explosion equivalent火球 fire ball爆高 height of burst蘑菇云 mushroom侵彻 penetration规则反射 regular reflection崩落 spallation应变率史 strain rate history流变学 rheology聚合物减阻 drag reduction by polymers挤出[物]胀大extrusion swell, die swell 无管虹吸tubeless siphon剪胀效应 dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠shear thickening剪切致稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy反触变性 anti-thixotropy超塑性 superplasticity粘弹塑性材料 viscoelasto-plastic material 滞弹性材料 anelastic material本构关系 constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型 Maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型 Voigt-Kelvin model宾厄姆模型 Bingham model奥伊洛特模型 Oldroyd model幂律模型 power law model应力松驰 stress relaxation应变史 strain history应力史 stress history记忆函数 memory function衰退记忆 fading memory应力增长 stress growing粘度函数 voscosity function相对粘度 relative viscosity复态粘度 complex viscosity拉伸粘度 elongational viscosity拉伸流动 elongational flow第一法向应力差 first normal-stress difference 第二法向应力差second normal-stress difference 德博拉数 Deborah number 魏森贝格数 Weissenberg number动态模量 dynamic modulus振荡剪切流 oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学 cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学 plasma dynamics电离气体 ionized gas行星边界层 planetary boundary layer阿尔文波 Alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] Poiseuille-Hartman flow哈特曼数 Hartman number生物流变学 biorheology生物流体 biofluid生物屈服点 bioyield point生物屈服应力 bioyield stress电气体力学 electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学 ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学 hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学 hemodynamics磁流体力学 magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学 magnetohydrodynamics, MHD磁流体动力波 magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流 magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学biomechanics生物流体力学 biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学 biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流 Bingham plastic flow开尔文体 Kelvin body沃伊特体 Voigt body可贴变形 applicable deformation可贴曲面 applicable surface边界润滑 boundary lubrication液膜润滑 fluid film lubrication向心收缩功 concentric work离心收缩功 eccentric work关节反作用力 joint reaction force微循环力学 microcyclic mechanics微纤维 microfibril渗透性 permeability生理横截面积 physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学agrobiomechanics纤维度 fibrousness硬皮度 rustiness胶粘度 gumminess粘稠度 stickiness嫩度 tenderness渗透流 osmotic flow易位流 translocation flow蒸腾流 transpirational flow过滤阻力 filtration resistance压扁 wafering风雪流 snow-driving wind停滞堆积 accretion遇阻堆积 encroachment沙漠地面 desert floor流沙固定 fixation of shifting sand流动阈值 fluid threshold固体力学弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘 rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数 Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff-Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板 Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板 Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数 Stress function of bending 壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学 Mechanics of granular media热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论 Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding 微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程 Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static 气动弹性 Aeroelasticity。
(整理)弹性力学专业英语英汉互译词汇
elasticity 弹性力学弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量stress invariant应变不变量strain invariant应变椭球strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state ofstrain应变协调方程equation of straincompatibility拉梅常量Lame constants各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维Kolosoff-利法Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis板Plate矩形板Rectangular plate圆板Circular plate环板Annular plate波纹板Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforcedPlate 中厚板Plate of moderate thickness 弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending 壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell旋转壳Revolutionary shell球壳Spherical shell [圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell 锥壳Conical shell环壳Toroidal shell封闭壳Closed shell波纹壳Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function半逆解法semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method 松弛法Relaxation method莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation 量纲分析Dimensional analysis 自相似[性] self-similarity影响面Influence surface接触应力Contact stress赫兹理论Hertz theory协调接触Conforming contact滑动接触Sliding contact滚动接触Rolling contact压入Indentation各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity颗粒材料Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity超弹性Hyperelasticity粘弹性Viscoelasticity对应原理Correspondence principle 褶皱Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding微滑Microslip粗糙度Roughness非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity大挠度Large deflection突弹跳变snap-through有限变形Finite deformation格林应变Green strain阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的Quasi-static气动弹性Aeroelasticity水弹性Hydroelasticity颤振Flutter弹性波Elastic wave简单波Simple wave柱面波Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave 体波body wave无旋波Irrotational wave畸变波Distortion wave膨胀波Dilatation wave瑞利波Rayleigh wave等容波Equivoluminal wave勒夫波Love wave界面波Interfacial wave边缘效应edge effect塑性力学Plasticity可成形性Formability金属成形Metal forming耐撞性Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness 拉拔Drawing破坏机构Collapse mechanism 回弹Springback挤压Extrusion冲压Stamping穿透Perforation层裂Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem 率相关理论rate dependent theorem 载荷因子load factor加载准则Loading criterion加载函数Loading function加载面Loading surface塑性加载Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载Simple loading比例加载Proportional loading 卸载Unloading卸载波Unloading wave冲击载荷Impulsive load阶跃载荷step load脉冲载荷pulse load极限载荷limit load中性变载nentral loading拉抻失稳instability in tension 加速度波acceleration wave本构方程constitutive equation 完全解complete solution名义应力nominal stress过应力over-stress真应力true stress等效应力equivalent stress流动应力flow stress应力间断stress discontinuity应力空间stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变logarithmic strain工程应变engineering strain等效应变equivalent strain应变局部化strain localization应变率strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity 应变空间strain space有限应变finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment 累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain 永久变形permanent deformation内变量internal variable应变软化strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plasticMaterial 刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material 材料稳定性stability of material 应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain 应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress 应变球张量spherical tensor of strain 应力球张量spherical tensor of stress 路径相关性path-dependency线性强化linear strain-hardening应变强化strain-hardening随动强化kinematic hardening各向同性强化isotropic hardening强化模量strain-hardening modulus幂强化power hardening 塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bendingMoment 塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending 弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface 弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性Viscoplasticity非弹性Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plasticMaterial 极限分析limit analysis极限设计limit design极限面limit surface上限定理upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface 截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy 屈服Yield 屈服条件yield condition屈服准则yield criterion屈服函数yield function屈服面yield surface塑性势plastic potential 能量吸收装置energy absorbing device 能量耗散率energy absorbing device 塑性动力学dynamic plasticity 塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling 塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response 塑性波plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissibleField 静力容许场statically admissibleField 流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity滑移线slip-lines滑移线场slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge 塑性增量理论incremental theory ofPlasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion 普朗特--罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation 特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空Haigh-Westergaard 间stress space洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocityEquation结构力学structural mechanics结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method 力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method 单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix 单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan eliminationMethod 屈曲模态buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料composite material 纤维复合材料fibrous composite单向复合材料unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料foamed composite颗粒复合材料particulate composite 层板Laminate夹层板sandwich panel正交层板cross-ply laminate斜交层板angle-ply laminate 层片Ply多胞固体cellular solid 膨胀Expansion压实Debulk劣化Degradation脱层Delamination脱粘Debond纤维应力fiber stress层应力ply stress层应变ply strain层间应力interlaminar stress比强度specific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor 强度应力比strength -stress ratio 横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性transverse isotropy正交各向异Orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维chopped fiber长纤维continuous fiber纤维方向fiber direction纤维断裂fiber break纤维拔脱fiber pull-out纤维增强fiber reinforcement致密化Densification最小重量设计optimum weight design 网格分析法netting analysis混合律rule of mixture失效准则failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion 达格代尔模型Dugdale model断裂力学fracture mechanics概率断裂力学probabilistic fractureMechanics格里菲思理论Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracturemechanics, LEFM弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracturemecha-nics, EPFM 断裂Fracture 脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture延性断裂ductile fracture晶间断裂inter-granular fracture 准解理断裂quasi-cleavage fracture 穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture 裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack预制裂纹Precrack短裂纹short crack表面裂纹surface crack裂纹钝化crack blunting裂纹分叉crack branching裂纹闭合crack closure裂纹前缘crack front裂纹嘴crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA 裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement,COD裂纹阻力crack resistance裂纹面crack surface裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle,CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip openingdisplacement, CTOD裂尖奇异场crack tip singularityField裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth 裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation 止裂crack arrest 止裂韧度arrest toughness断裂类型fracture mode滑开型sliding mode张开型opening mode撕开型tearing mode复合型mixed mode撕裂Tearing 撕裂模量tearing modulus断裂准则fracture criterionJ积分J-integralJ阻力曲线J-resistance curve断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factor HRR场Hutchinson-Rice-RosengrenField 守恒积分conservation integral 有效应力张量effective stress tensor 应变能密度strain energy density 能量释放率energy release rate内聚区cohesive zone塑性区plastic zone张拉区stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ 延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transitiontempe- rature 剪切带shear band剪切唇shear lip无损检测non-destructive inspection 双边缺口试件double edge notchedspecimen, DEN specimen 单边缺口试件single edge notchedspecimen, SEN specimen 三点弯曲试件three point bendingspecimen, TPB specimen 中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tensionspecimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件center cracked panelspecimen, CCP specimen 紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen,CT specimen 大范围屈服large scale yielding 小范围攻屈服small scale yielding 韦布尔分布Weibull distribution 帕里斯公式paris formula空穴化Cavitation应力腐蚀stress corrosion概率风险判定probabilistic riskassessment, PRA 损伤力学damage mechanics 损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics 细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics 累积损伤accumulated damage脆性损伤brittle damage延性损伤ductile damage宏观损伤macroscopic damage细观损伤microscopic damage微观损伤microscopic damage损伤准则damage criterion损伤演化方程damage evolution equation 损伤软化damage softening损伤强化damage strengthening损伤张量damage tensor损伤阈值damage threshold损伤变量damage variable损伤矢量damage vector损伤区damage zone疲劳Fatigue 低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture 疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳强度fatigue strength 疲劳辉纹fatigue striations 疲劳阈值fatigue threshold 交变载荷alternating load 交变应力alternating stress 应力幅值stress amplitude 应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect 循环硬化cyclic hardening 循环软化cyclic softening 环境效应environmental effect 裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crackPropagation裂纹萌生crack initiation 循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stressAnalysis工作[应变]片active[strain] gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift 应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity 机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage 直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain 横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor 横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity 焊接式应变计weldable strain gage 平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage 桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage 补偿片compensation technique 补偿技术compensation technique 基准电桥reference bridge电阻应变计resistance strain gage 温度自补偿应变计self-temperaturecompensating gage半导体应变计semiconductor strainGage 集流器slip ring应变放大镜strain amplifier疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage电感应变计inductance [strain] gage 光[测]力学Photomechanics光弹性Photoelasticity光塑性Photoplasticity杨氏条纹Young fringe双折射效应birefrigent effect等位移线contour of equalDisplacement 暗条纹dark fringe条纹倍增fringe multiplication 干涉条纹interference fringe 等差线Isochromatic等倾线Isoclinic等和线isopachic应力光学定律stress- optic law主应力迹线Isostatic亮条纹light fringe光程差optical path difference 热光弹性photo-thermo -elasticity 光弹性贴片法photoelastic coatingMethod光弹性夹片法photoelastic sandwichMethod动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity 空间滤波spatial filtering空间频率spatial frequency起偏镜Polarizer反射式光弹性仪reflection polariscope残余双折射效应residual birefringentEffect 应变条纹值strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity 应力冻结效应stress freezing effect 应力条纹值stress fringe value应力光图stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应temporary birefringentEffect 脉冲全息法pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope 实时全息干涉法real-time holographicinterfero - metry 网格法grid method全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity 全息图Hologram全息照相Holograph全息干涉法holographic interferometry 全息云纹法holographic moire technique 全息术Holography全场分析法whole-field analysis散斑干涉法speckle interferometry 散斑Speckle错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearinginterferometry, shearography 散斑图Specklegram白光散斑法white-light speckle method 云纹干涉法moire interferometry [叠栅]云纹moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法moire method 云纹图moire pattern离面云纹法off-plane moire method参考栅reference grating试件栅specimen grating分析栅analyzer grating面内云纹法in-plane moire method 脆性涂层法brittle-coating method条带法strip coating method坐标变换transformation ofCoordinates计算结构力学computational structuralmecha-nics 加权残量法weighted residual method 有限差分法finite difference method 有限[单]元法finite element method 配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variationalPrinciple 最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-ReissnerPrinciple 修正变分原理modified variationalPrinciple 约束变分原理constrained variationalPrinciple 混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method 有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element 强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem广义位移generalized displacement 广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable 节点node, nodal point [单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable 杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element 梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element 一维元one-dimensional element 三维元three-dimensional element 轴对称元axisymmetric element 板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element 四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element超参数元super-parametric element 亚参数元sub-parametric element节点数可变元variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元Lagrange element拉格朗日族Lagrange family巧凑边点元serendipity element巧凑边点族serendipity family无限元infinite element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics 刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force 节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix 阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffnessMatrices载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices 单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation合同变换contragradient transformation 形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function代用函数substitute function降阶积分reduced integration零能模式zero-energy modeP收敛p-convergenceH收敛h-convergence掺混插值blended interpolation等参数映射isoparametric mapping双线性插值bilinear interpolation小块检验patch test非协调模式incompatible mode节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width 波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method纽马克法Newmark威尔逊法Wilson拟牛顿法quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix 割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix 模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique 超单元super-element网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure。
力学专业英语词组+解释
拉力 tensile force正应力 normal stress切应力 shear stress静水压力 hydrostatic pressure集中力 concentrated force分布力 distributed force线性应力应变关系 linear relationship between stress andstrain弹性模量 modulus of elasticity横向力 lateral force transverse force轴向力 axial force拉应力 tensile stress压应力 compressive stress平衡方程 equilibrium equation静力学方程 equations of static比例极限 proportional limit应力应变曲线 stress-strain curve拉伸实验 tensile test‘屈服应力 yield stress极限应力 ultimate stress轴 shaft梁 beam纯剪切 pure shear横截面积 cross-sectional area挠度曲线 deflection curve曲率半径 radius of curvature曲率半径的倒数 reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴 longitudinal axis悬臂梁 cantilever beam简支梁 simply supported beam微分方程 differential equation惯性矩 moment of inertia静矩 static moment扭矩 torque moment弯矩 bending moment弯矩对x的导数 derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x的二阶导数 the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x 静定梁 statically determinate beam静不定梁 statically indeterminate beam相容方程 compatibility equation补充方程 complementary equation中性轴 neutral axis圆截面 circular cross section两端作用扭矩 twisted by couples at two ends刚体 rigid body扭转角 twist angle静力等效 statically equivalent相互垂直平面 mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心 through the centroid of the cross section 一端铰支 pin support at one end一端固定 fixed at one end弯矩图 bending moment diagram剪力图 shear force diagram剪力突变 abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移 rotation and translation虎克定律 hook’s law边界条件 boundary condition初始位置 initial position、力矩面积法 moment-area method绕纵轴转动 rotate about a longitudinal axis横坐标 abscissa扭转刚度 torsional rigidity拉伸刚度 tensile rigidity剪应力的合力 resultant of shear stress正应力的大小 magnitude of normal stress脆性破坏 brittle fail对称平面 symmetry plane刚体的平衡 equilibrium of rigid body约束力 constraint force重力 gravitational force实际作用力 actual force三维力系 three-dimentional force system合力矩 resultant moment标量方程 scalar equation、矢量方程 vector equation张量方程 tensor equation汇交力系 cocurrent system of forces任意一点 an arbitrary point合矢量 resultant vector反作用力 reaction force反作用力偶 reaction couple转动约束 restriction against rotation平动约束 restriction against translation运动的趋势 tendency of motion绕给定轴转动 rotate about a specific axis沿一个方向运动 move in a direction控制方程 control equation共线力 collinear forces平面力系 planar force system一束光 a beam of light未知反力 unknown reaction forces参考框架 frame of reference大小和方向 magnitude and direction几何约束 geometric restriction刚性连接 rigidly connected运动学关系 kinematical relations运动的合成 superposition of movement固定点 fixed point平动的叠加 superposition of translation刚体的角速度 angular speed of a rigid body质点动力学 particle dynamics运动微分方程 differential equation of motion工程实际问题 practical engineering problems变化率 rate of change动量守恒 conservation of linear momentum定性的描述 qualitative description点线 dotted line划线 dashed line实线 solid line矢量积 vector product点积 dot product极惯性矩 polar moment of inertia角速度 angular velocity角加速度 angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力continuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components 应力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与……成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态st venant’ principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column 细长杆fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱的稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩dynamic loading 动载荷dynamic problem 动力学问题inertia force 惯性力resonance vibration 谐振static states of stress 静态应力dynamic response 动力响应time of contact 接触时间length of wave 波长resonance frequency 谐振频率。
孟庆元工程力学专业英语阅读7
2、 what 作为关系代词,可译为“所…的东西”,“所…的”, 还可根据上下文译成“…的+名词”,“那种+名词”等
What is worrying the world greatly now is a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas, or other sources of fuel in the not too distant future.
An element is a simple substance that cannot be broken up into anything simpler.
元素是一种单质,它不能再分任何更简单的物质。
4、that 作为连词引出同位语从句的译法
4.1、同位语从句与主句分译,that译成“即” Energy takes many forms, but all these forms can be reduced
that 作为关系代词,引出定语从句;定语从句可以合译 也可分译,that 的处理方法也随之而异。 3.1、合译时 that 不译,在定语从句之末添“的”字
Power is the rate that mechanical move is performed at. 功率是作机械运动的速率。
3.2、分译时, that 有两种译法: a )重复所代替的名词;b)译成“它” Master is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. 物质由分子组成,而分子由原子组成。
to the statement that energy is the capacity to do work. 能量具有很多形式,但所有这些形式都可以归纳为这
力学专业最常用几个英语单词
力学 mechanics牛顿力学 Newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学 macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学 mesomechanics微观力学 microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学 general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system等效力系 equivalent force system弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论 theory of elasticity均匀应力状态 homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态 homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程 equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity .。
力学专业名词翻译分享
[分享]力学专业词汇一般力学类:分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian拉格朗日括号 Lagrange bracket循环坐标 cyclic coordinate循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数 Hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 Hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程 Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量 action-angle variables阿佩尔方程 Appell equation劳斯方程 Routh equation拉格朗日函数 Lagrangian function诺特定理 Noether theorem泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method并矢 dyad运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数 Lyapunov function渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability结构稳定性 structural stability久期不稳定性 secular instability弗洛凯定理 Floquet theorem倾覆力矩 capsizing moment自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 Coulomb damping同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量out-of -phase component超调量 overshoot参量[激励]振动 parametric vibration模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width集总参量系统lumped parameter system相平面法phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory等倾线法 isocline method跳跃现象 jump phenomenon负阻尼 negative damping达芬方程 Duffing equation希尔方程 Hill equationKBM方法 KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliu- bov-Mitropol'skii method马蒂厄方程 Mathieu equation平均法 averaging method组合音调 combination tone解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬激励 hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardeningspring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration分界线 separatrix亚谐波 subharmonic软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励 soft excitation邓克利公式 Dunkerley formula瑞利定理 Rayleigh theorem分布参量系统 distributed parameter system 优势频率 dominant frequency模态分析 modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization超谐波 ultraharmonic范德波尔方程van der pol equation频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequencyWKB方法WKB method, Wentzel- Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction应力过冲 stress overshoot喘振 surge摆振 shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation驰振 galloping陀螺动力学 gyrodynamics陀螺摆 gyropendulum陀螺平台 gyroplatform陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器 gyrostabilizer陀螺体 gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance姿态角 attitude angle方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 Schuler period机器人动力学 robot dynamics多体系统 multibody system多刚体系统 multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability凯恩方法 Kane method转子[系统]动力学 rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-support- foundation system 静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡 oil whip转子临界转速rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动 whirl固体力学类:弹性力学 elasticity弹性理论theory of elasticity均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress应力不变量 stress invariant应变不变量 strain invariant应变椭球 strain ellipsoid均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量 Lame constants各向同性弹性 isotropic elasticity旋转圆盘rotating circular disk楔 wedge开尔文问题 Kelvin problem布西内斯克问题 Boussinesq problem艾里应力函数Airy stress function克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff- Muskhelishvili method基尔霍夫假设 Kirchhoff hypothesis板 Plate矩形板 Rectangular plate圆板 Circular plate环板 Annular plate波纹板 Corrugated plate加劲板Stiffened plate,reinforced Plate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending 壳 Shell扁壳 Shallow shell旋转壳 Revolutionary shell球壳 Spherical shell[圆]柱壳 Cylindrical shell锥壳 Conical shell环壳 Toroidal shell封闭壳 Closed shell波纹壳 Corrugated shell扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数 Warping function半逆解法 semi-inverse method瑞利--里茨法 Rayleigh-Ritz method松弛法 Relaxation method莱维法 Levy method松弛 Relaxation量纲分析 Dimensional analysis自相似[性] self-similarity影响面 Influence surface接触应力 Contact stress赫兹理论 Hertz theory协调接触 Conforming contact滑动接触 Sliding contact滚动接触 Rolling contact压入 Indentation各向异性弹性 Anisotropic elasticity 颗粒材料 Granular material散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性 Thermoelasticity超弹性 Hyperelasticity粘弹性 Viscoelasticity对应原理 Correspondence principle 褶皱 Wrinkle塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动 Sliding微滑 Microslip粗糙度 Roughness非线性弹性 Nonlinear elasticity大挠度 Large deflection突弹跳变 snap-through有限变形 Finite deformation格林应变 Green strain阿尔曼西应变 Almansi strain弹性动力学 Dynamic elasticity运动方程Equation of motion准静态的 Quasi-static气动弹性 Aeroelasticity水弹性 Hydroelasticity颤振 Flutter弹性波 Elastic wave简单波 Simple wave柱面波 Cylindrical wave水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave 竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave体波 body wave无旋波 Irrotational wave畸变波 Distortion wave膨胀波 Dilatation wave瑞利波 Rayleigh wave等容波 Equivoluminal wave勒夫波 Love wave界面波 Interfacial wave边缘效应 edge effect塑性力学 Plasticity可成形性 Formability金属成形 Metal forming耐撞性 Crashworthiness结构抗撞毁性 Structural crashworthiness拉拔 Drawing破坏机构 Collapse mechanism回弹 Springback挤压 Extrusion冲压 Stamping穿透 Perforation层裂 Spalling塑性理论Theory of plasticity安定[性]理论 Shake-down theory运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理 Static shake-down theorem 率相关理论 rate dependent theorem载荷因子 load factor加载准则 Loading criterion加载函数 Loading function加载面 Loading surface塑性加载 Plastic loading塑性加载波Plastic loading wave简单加载 Simple loading比例加载 Proportional loading卸载 Unloading卸载波 Unloading wave冲击载荷 Impulsive load阶跃载荷 step load脉冲载荷 pulse load极限载荷 limit load中性变载 nentral loading拉抻失稳 instability in tension加速度波 acceleration wave本构方程 constitutive equation完全解 complete solution名义应力 nominal stress过应力 over-stress真应力 true stress等效应力 equivalent stress流动应力 flow stress应力间断 stress discontinuity应力空间 stress space主应力空间principal stress space静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变 logarithmic strain工程应变 engineering strain等效应变 equivalent strain应变局部化 strain localization应变率 strain rate应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity应变空间 strain space有限应变 finite strain塑性应变增量plastic strain increment累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain永久变形 permanent deformation内变量 internal variable应变软化 strain-softening理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料 rigid-plastic material理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material材料稳定性stability of material应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress应变球张量spherical tensor of strain应力球张量spherical tensor of stress路径相关性 path-dependency线性强化 linear strain-hardening应变强化 strain-hardening随动强化 kinematic hardening各向同性强化 isotropic hardening强化模量 strain-hardening modulus幂强化 power hardening塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque弹塑性弯曲 elastic-plastic bending弹塑性交界面 elastic-plastic interface弹塑性扭转 elastic-plastic torsion粘塑性 Viscoplasticity非弹性 Inelasticity理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析 limit analysis极限设计 limit design极限面 limit surface上限定理 upper bound theorem上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem下屈服点lower yield point界限定理 bound theorem初始屈服面initial yield surface后继屈服面 subsequent yield surface屈服面[的]外凸性convexity of yield surface截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section沙堆比拟sand heap analogy屈服 Yield屈服条件 yield condition屈服准则 yield criterion屈服函数 yield function屈服面 yield surface塑性势 plastic potential能量吸收装置 energy absorbing device能量耗散率 energy absorbing device塑性动力学 dynamic plasticity塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling塑性动力响应 dynamic plastic response塑性波 plastic wave运动容许场kinematically admissible Field静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则 flow rule速度间断 velocity discontinuity滑移线 slip-lines滑移线场 slip-lines field移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion普朗特--罗伊斯关系 prandtl- Reuss relation特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter莱维--米泽斯关系 Levy-Mises relation亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation赫艾--韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter德鲁克公设 Drucker postulate盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation结构力学 structural mechanics结构分析 structural analysis结构动力学 structural dynamics拱 Arch三铰拱 three-hinged arch抛物线拱 parabolic arch圆拱 circular arch穹顶 Dome空间结构 space structure空间桁架 space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力 earth pressure地震载荷 earthquake loading弹簧支座 spring support支座位移 support displacement支座沉降 support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy 机动分析 kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力 joint forces共轭位移 conjugate displacement 影响线 influence line三弯矩方程 three-moment equation 单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数 stiffness coefficient柔度系数 flexibility coefficient力矩分配 moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配 moment redistribution分配系数 distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵 element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标 global coordinates贝蒂定理 Betti theorem高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态 buckling mode复合材料力学mechanics of composites复合材料 composite material纤维复合材料 fibrous composite单向复合材料 unidirectional composite泡沫复合材料 foamed composite颗粒复合材料 particulate composite层板 Laminate夹层板 sandwich panel正交层板 cross-ply laminate斜交层板 angle-ply laminate层片 Ply多胞固体 cellular solid膨胀 Expansion压实 Debulk劣化 Degradation脱层 Delamination脱粘 Debond纤维应力 fiber stress层应力 ply stress层应变 ply strain层间应力 interlaminar stress比强度 specific strength强度折减系数strength reduction factor 强度应力比 strength -stress ratio横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性 transverse isotropy正交各向异 Orthotropy剪滞分析shear lag analysis短纤维 chopped fiber长纤维 continuous fiber纤维方向 fiber direction纤维断裂 fiber break纤维拔脱 fiber pull-out纤维增强 fiber reinforcement致密化 Densification最小重量设计 optimum weight design 网格分析法 netting analysis混合律 rule of mixture失效准则 failure criterion蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion达格代尔模型 Dugdale model断裂力学 fracture mechanics概率断裂力学 probabilistic fracture Mechanics格里菲思理论 Griffith theory线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂 Fracture脆性断裂 brittle fracture解理断裂 cleavage fracture蠕变断裂 creep fracture延性断裂 ductile fracture晶间断裂 inter-granular fracture准解理断裂 quasi-cleavage fracture穿晶断裂 trans-granular fracture裂纹 Crack裂缝 Flaw缺陷 Defect割缝 Slit微裂纹 Microcrack折裂 Kink椭圆裂纹 elliptical crack深埋裂纹 embedded crack[钱]币状裂纹 penny-shape crack预制裂纹 Precrack短裂纹 short crack表面裂纹 surface crack裂纹钝化 crack blunting裂纹分叉 crack branching裂纹闭合 crack closure裂纹前缘 crack front裂纹嘴 crack mouth裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力 crack resistance裂纹面 crack surface裂纹尖端 crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field裂纹扩展速率 crack growth rate稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth定常裂纹扩展 steady crack growth亚临界裂纹扩展 subcritical crack growth裂纹[扩展]减速 crack retardation止裂 crack arrest止裂韧度 arrest toughness断裂类型 fracture mode滑开型 sliding mode张开型 opening mode撕开型 tearing mode复合型 mixed mode撕裂 Tearing撕裂模量 tearing modulus断裂准则 fracture criterionJ积分 J-integralJ阻力曲线 J-resistance curve断裂韧度 fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factorHRR场 Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分 conservation integral有效应力张量 effective stress tensor应变能密度strain energy density能量释放率energy release rate内聚区 cohesive zone塑性区 plastic zone张拉区 stretched zone热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition tempe- rature剪切带 shear band剪切唇 shear lip无损检测 non-destructive inspection双边缺口试件double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen单边缺口试件single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen三点弯曲试件three point bending specimen, TPB specimen中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen, CT specimen大范围屈服large scale yielding小范围攻屈服small scale yielding韦布尔分布 Weibull distribution帕里斯公式 paris formula空穴化 Cavitation应力腐蚀 stress corrosion概率风险判定probabilistic risk assessment, PRA损伤力学 damage mechanics损伤 Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学 microscopic damage mechanics累积损伤 accumulated damage脆性损伤 brittle damage延性损伤 ductile damage宏观损伤 macroscopic damage细观损伤 microscopic damage微观损伤 microscopic damage损伤准则 damage criterion损伤演化方程 damage evolution equation损伤软化 damage softening损伤强化 damage strengthening 损伤张量 damage tensor损伤阈值 damage threshold损伤变量 damage variable损伤矢量 damage vector损伤区 damage zone疲劳 Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳 stress fatigue随机疲劳 random fatigue蠕变疲劳 creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳 corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤 fatigue damage疲劳失效 fatigue failure疲劳断裂 fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹 fatigue crack疲劳寿命 fatigue life疲劳破坏 fatigue rupture疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳辉纹 fatigue striations疲劳阈值 fatigue threshold交变载荷 alternating load交变应力 alternating stress应力幅值 stress amplitude应变疲劳 strain fatigue应力循环 stress cycle应力比 stress ratio安全寿命 safe life过载效应 overloading effect循环硬化 cyclic hardening循环软化 cyclic softening环境效应 environmental effect裂纹片 crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生 crack initiation循环比 cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片 active[strain] gage基底材料 backing material应力计 stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift应变测量 strain measurement应变计 strain gage应变指示器 strain indicator应变花 strain rosette应变灵敏度 strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage直角应变花 rectangular rosette引伸仪 Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor横向灵敏度 transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计 weldable strain gage平衡电桥 balanced bridge粘贴式应变计 bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage桥路平衡 bridge balancing电容应变计 capacitance strain gage补偿片 compensation technique补偿技术 compensation technique基准电桥 reference bridge电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计 self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计 semiconductor strain Gage集流器 slip ring应变放大镜 strain amplifier疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage电感应变计 inductance [strain] gage光[测]力学 Photomechanics光弹性 Photoelasticity光塑性 Photoplasticity杨氏条纹 Young fringe双折射效应 birefrigent effect等位移线contour of equal Displacement暗条纹 dark fringe条纹倍增 fringe multiplication干涉条纹 interference fringe等差线 Isochromatic等倾线 Isoclinic等和线 isopachic应力光学定律stress- optic law主应力迹线 Isostatic亮条纹 light fringe光程差optical path difference热光弹性 photo-thermo -elasticity光弹性贴片法photoelastic coating Method光弹性夹片法 photoelastic sandwich Method 动态光弹性 dynamic photo-elasticity空间滤波 spatial filtering空间频率 spatial frequency起偏镜 Polarizer反射式光弹性仪 reflection polariscope残余双折射效应residual birefringent Effect应变条纹值 strain fringe value应变光学灵敏度 strain-optic sensitivity应力冻结效应stress freezing effect应力条纹值 stress fringe value应力光图 stress-optic pattern暂时双折射效应temporary birefringent Effect脉冲全息法 pulsed holography透射式光弹性仪 transmission polariscope实时全息干涉法real-time holographic interfero - metry 网格法 grid method全息光弹性法 holo-photoelasticity全息图 Hologram全息照相 Holograph全息干涉法 holographic interferometry全息云纹法 holographic moire technique全息术 Holography全场分析法 whole-field analysis散斑干涉法 speckle interferometry散斑 Speckle错位散斑干涉法 speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography散斑图 Specklegram白光散斑法white-light speckle method云纹干涉法 moire interferometry[叠栅]云纹 moire fringe[叠栅]云纹法 moire method云纹图 moire pattern离面云纹法off-plane moire method参考栅 reference grating试件栅 specimen grating分析栅 analyzer grating面内云纹法in-plane moire method脆性涂层法 brittle-coating method条带法 strip coating method坐标变换 transformation of Coordinates计算结构力学 computational structural mecha-nics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法 point collocation里茨法 Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variational Principle最小二乘法 least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理 Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理 Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理 modified variational Principle约束变分原理constrained variational Principle 混合法 mixed method杂交法 hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法 semi-analytical method协调元 conforming element非协调元 non-conforming element混合元 mixed element杂交元 hybrid element边界元 boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition自然边界条件natural boundary condition离散化 Discretization离散系统 discrete system连续问题 continuous problem广义位移 generalized displacement广义载荷 generalized load广义应变 generalized strain广义应力 generalized stress界面变量 interface variable节点 node, nodal point[单]元 Element角节点 corner node边节点 mid-side node内节点 internal node无节点变量 nodeless variable杆元 bar element桁架杆元 truss element梁元 beam element二维元 two-dimensional element一维元 one-dimensional element三维元 three-dimensional element轴对称元 axisymmetric element板元 plate element壳元 shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元 triangular element四边形元 quadrilateral element四面体元 tetrahedral element曲线元 curved element二次元 quadratic element线性元 linear element三次元 cubic element四次元 quartic element等参[数]元 isoparametric element超参数元 super-parametric element亚参数元 sub-parametric element节点数可变元 variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元 Lagrange element拉格朗日族 Lagrange family巧凑边点元 serendipity element巧凑边点族 serendipity family无限元 infinite element单元分析 element analysis单元特性 element characteristics刚度矩阵 stiffness matrix几何矩阵 geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移 nodal displacement节点载荷 nodal load位移矢量 displacement vector载荷矢量 load vector质量矩阵 mass matrix集总质量矩阵 lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵 damping matrix瑞利阻尼 Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices单元的组集 assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标 local coordinate面积坐标 area coordinates体积坐标 volume coordinates曲线坐标 curvilinear coordinates静凝聚 static condensation合同变换 contragradient transformation形状函数 shape function试探函数 trial function检验函数 test function权函数 weight function样条函数 spline function代用函数 substitute function降阶积分 reduced integration零能模式 zero-energy modeP收敛 p-convergenceH收敛 h-convergence掺混插值 blended interpolation等参数映射 isoparametric mapping双线性插值 bilinear interpolation小块检验 patch test非协调模式 incompatible mode节点号 node number单元号 element number带宽 band width带状矩阵 banded matrix变带状矩阵 profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法 frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法 step-by-step method纽马克法 Newmark威尔逊法 Wilson拟牛顿法 quasi-Newton method牛顿-拉弗森法 Newton-Raphson method 增量法 incremental method初应变 initial strain初应力 initial stress切线刚度矩阵 tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代 equilibrium iteration子结构 Substructure子结构法 substructure technique超单元 super-element网格生成 mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理 pre-processing后处理 post-processing网格细化 mesh refinement应力光顺 stress smoothing组合结构 composite structure。
力学标准中英文对照
力学标准中英文对照- 1 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 一般力学类:分析力学analytical mechanics 拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier 拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian 拉格朗日括号Lagrange bracket 循环坐标cyclic coordinate 循环积分cyclic integral 哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian 哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function 正则方程canonical equation 正则摄动canonical perturbation 正则变换canonical transformation 正则变量canonical variable 哈密顿原理Hamilton principle 作用量积分action integral 哈密顿- 雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation 作用--角度变量action-angle variables 阿佩尔方程Appell equation 劳斯方程Routh equation 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian function 诺特定理Noether theorem泊松括号poisson bracket 边界积分法boundary integral method 并矢dyad运动稳定性stability of motion 轨道稳定性orbital stability 李雅普诺夫函数Lyapunov function 渐近稳定性asymptotic stability 结构稳定性structural stability 久期不稳定性secular instability 弗洛凯定理Floquet theorem 倾覆力矩capsizing moment 自由振动free vibration 固有振动natural vibration 暂态transient state 环境振动ambient vibration 反共振anti-resonance 衰减attenuation 库仑阻尼Coulomb damping 同相分量in-phase component 非同相分量out-of -phase component 超调量overshoot 参量[激励]振动parametric vibration 模糊振动fuzzy vibration 临界转速critical speed of rotation 阻尼器damper 半峰宽度half-peak width 集总参量系统lumped parameter system 相平面法phase plane method 相轨迹phase trajectory等倾线法isocline method 跳跃现象jump phenomenon 负阻尼negative damping 达芬方程Duffing equation 希尔方程Hill equationKBM 方法KBM method, Krylov-Bogoliubov- Mitropol'skii method 马蒂厄方程Mathieu equation 平均法averaging method 组合音调combination tone 解谐detuning 耗散函数dissipative function 硬激励hard excitation 硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring 谐波平衡法harmonic balance method 久期项secular term 自激振动self-excited vibration 分界线separatrix 亚谐波subharmonic 软弹簧softspring ,softening spring 软激励soft excitation 邓克利公式Dunkerley formula 瑞利定理Rayleigh theorem 分布参量系统distributed parameter system 优势频率dominant frequency 模态分析modal analysis 固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization 超谐波ultraharmonic 范德波尔方程van der pol equation 频谱frequency spectrum 基频fundamental frequency WKB 方法WKB method - 2 - Edited by: BlueskylhmWKB 方法Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin method 缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration 嗡鸣buzz 倒谱cepstrum 颤动chatter 蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching 机械导纳mechanical admittance 机械效率mechanical efficiency 机械阻抗mechanical impedance 随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration 隔振vibration isolation 减振vibration reduction 应力过冲stress overshoot 喘振surge 摆振shimmy起伏运动phugoid motion 起伏振荡phugoid oscillation 驰振galloping 陀螺动力学gyrodynamics 陀螺摆gyropendulum 陀螺平台gyroplatform 陀螺力矩gyroscoopic torque 陀螺稳定器gyrostabilizer 陀螺体gyrostat 惯性导航inertial guidance 姿态角attitude angle 方位角azimuthal angle 舒勒周期Schuler period 机器人动力学robot dynamics 多体系统multibody system 多刚体系统multi-rigid-body system 机动性maneuverability 凯恩方法Kane method 转子[系统]动力学rotor dynamics 转子[一支承一基础]系统rotor-supportfoundation system 静平衡static balancing 动平衡dynamic balancing 静不平衡static unbalance 动不平衡dynamic unbalance 现场平衡field balancing 不平衡unbalance 不平衡量unbalance 互耦力cross force挠性转子flexible rotor分频进动fractional frequency precession半频进动half frequency precession 油膜振荡oil whip 转子临界转速rotor critical speed 自动定心self-alignment 亚临界转速subcritical speed 涡动whirl 固体力学类:弹性力学elasticity 弹性理论theory of elasticity 均匀应力状态homogeneous state of stress 应力不变量stress invariant 应变不变量strain invariant 应变椭球strain ellipsoid 均匀应变状态homogeneous state of strain 应变协调方程equation of strain compatibility拉梅常量Lame constants 各向同性弹性isotropic elasticity 旋转圆盘rotating circular disk 楔wedge开尔文问题Kelvin problem 布西内斯克问题Boussinesq problem 艾里应力函数Airy stress function 克罗索夫--穆斯赫利什维利法Kolosoff- Muskhelishvili method 基尔霍夫假设Kirchhoff hypothesis 板Plate 矩形板Rectangular plate 圆板Circular plate 环板Annular plate 波纹板Corrugated plate 加劲板Stiffenedplate,reinforced- 3 - Edited by: BlueskylhmPlate中厚板Plate of moderate thickness 弯[曲]应力函数Stress function of bending 壳Shell扁壳Shallow shell 旋转壳Revolutionary shell 球壳Spherical shell [圆]柱壳Cylindrical shell 锥壳Conical shell 环壳Toroidal shell 封闭壳Closed shell 波纹壳Corrugated shell 扭[转]应力函数Stress function of torsion 翘曲函数Warping function 半逆解法semi-inverse method 瑞利--里茨法Rayleigh-Ritz method 松弛法Relaxation method 莱维法Levy method松弛Relaxation 量纲分析Dimensional analysis 自相似[性] self-similarity 影响面Influence surface 接触应力Contact stress 赫兹理论Hertz theory 协调接触Conforming contact 滑动接触Sliding contact 滚动接触Rolling contact 压入Indentation 各向异性弹性Anisotropic elasticity 颗粒材料Granular material 散体力学Mechanics of granular media 热弹性Thermoelasticity 超弹性Hyperelasticity 粘弹性Viscoelasticity 对应原理Correspondence principle 褶皱Wrinkle 塑性全量理论Total theory of plasticity 滑动Sliding 微滑Microslip 粗糙度Roughness 非线性弹性Nonlinear elasticity 大挠度Large deflection 突弹跳变snap-through 有限变形Finite deformation 格林应变Green strain 阿尔曼西应变Almansi strain 弹性动力学Dynamic elasticity 运动方程Equation of motion 准静态的Quasi-static 气动弹性Aeroelasticity 水弹性Hydroelasticity 颤振Flutter 弹性波Elastic wave 简单波Simple wave 柱面波Cylindrical wave 水平剪切波Horizontal shear wave 竖直剪切波Vertical shear wave 体波body wave 无旋波Irrotational wave 畸变波Distortion wave 膨胀波Dilatation wave 瑞利波Rayleigh wave 等容波Equivoluminal wave 勒夫波Love wave 界面波Interfacial wave 边缘效应edge effect 塑性力学Plasticity 可成形性Formability 金属成形Metal forming 耐撞性Crashworthiness 结构抗撞毁性Structural crashworthiness 拉拔Drawing 破坏机构Collapse mechanism 回弹Springback挤压Extrusion 冲压Stamping 穿透Perforation 层裂Spalling 塑性理论Theory of plasticity 安定[性]理论Shake-down theory 运动安定定理kinematic shake-down theorem 静力安定定理Static shake-down theorem 率相关理论rate dependent theorem 载荷因子load factor 加载准则Loading criterion 加载函数Loading function 加载面Loading surface - 4 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 塑性加载Plastic loading 塑性加载波Plastic loading wave 简单加载Simple loading 比例加载Proportional loading 卸载Unloading 卸载波Unloading wave 冲击载荷Impulsive load 阶跃载荷step load 脉冲载荷pulse load 极限载荷limit load 中性变载nentral loading 拉抻失稳instability in tension 加速度波acceleration wave 本构方程constitutive equation 完全解completesolution 名义应力nominal stress 过应力over-stress 真应力true stress 等效应力equivalent stress 流动应力flow stress 应力间断stress discontinuity 应力空间stress space 主应力空间principal stress space 静水应力状态hydrostatic state of stress 对数应变logarithmic strain 工程应变engineering strain 等效应变equivalent strain 应变局部化strain localization 应变率strain rate 应变率敏感性strain rate sensitivity 应变空间strain space 有限应变finite strain 塑性应变增量plastic strain increment 累积塑性应变accumulated plastic strain 永久变形permanent deformation 内变量internal variable 应变软化strain-softening 理想刚塑性材料rigid-perfectly plastic Material 刚塑性材料rigid-plastic material 理想塑性材料perfectl plastic material 材料稳定性stability of material 应变偏张量deviatoric tensor of strain 应力偏张量deviatori tensor of stress 应变球张量spherical tensor of strain 应力球张量spherical tensor of stress 路径相关性path-dependency 线性强化linear strain-hardening 应变强化strain-hardening 随动强化kinematic hardening 各向同性强化isotropic hardening 强化模量strain-hardening modulus 幂强化power hardening 塑性极限弯矩plastic limit bending Moment 塑性极限扭矩plastic limit torque 弹塑性弯曲elastic-plastic bending 弹塑性交界面elastic-plastic interface 弹塑性扭转elastic-plastic torsion 粘塑性Viscoplasticity 非弹性Inelasticity 理想弹塑性材料elastic-perfectly plastic Material 极限分析limit analysis 极限设计limit design 极限面limit surface 上限定理upper bound theorem 上屈服点upper yield point下限定理lower bound theorem 下屈服点lower yield point 界限定理bound theorem 初始屈服面initial yield surface 后继屈服面subsequent yield surface 屈服面[ 的] 外凸性convexity of yield surface 截面形状因子shape factor of cross-section 沙堆比拟sand heap analogy 屈服Yield 屈服条件yield condition 屈服准则yield criterion 屈服函数yield function 屈服面yield surface 塑性势plastic potential 能量吸收装置energy absorbing device 能量耗散率energy absorbing device 塑性动力学dynamic plasticity 塑性动力屈曲dynamic plastic buckling 塑性动力响应dynamic plastic response- 5 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 塑性波plastic wave 运动容许场kinematically admissible Field 静力容许场statically admissible Field流动法则flow rule速度间断velocity discontinuity 滑移线slip-lines 滑移线场slip-lines field 移行塑性铰travelling plastic hinge 塑性增量理论incremental theory of Plasticity 米泽斯屈服准则Mises yield criterion 普朗特-- 罗伊斯关系prandtl- Reuss relation 特雷斯卡屈服准则Tresca yield criterion 洛德应力参数Lode stress parameter 莱维--米泽斯关系Levy-Mises relation 亨基应力方程Hencky stress equation 赫艾-- 韦斯特加德应力空间Haigh-Westergaard stress space 洛德应变参数Lode strain parameter 德鲁克公设Drucker postulate 盖林格速度方程Geiringer velocity Equation结构力学structural mechanics 结构分析structural analysis 结构动力学structural dynamics 拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch 抛物线拱parabolic arch 圆拱circular arch 穹顶Dome 空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss 雪载[荷] snow load 风载[荷] wind load 土压力earth pressure 地震载荷earthquake loading 弹簧支座spring support 支座位移support displacement 支座沉降support settlement 超静定次数degree of indeterminacy 机动分析kinematic analysis 结点法method of joints 截面法method of sections 结点力joint forces 共轭位移conjugate displacement 影响线influence line 三弯矩方程three-moment equation 单位虚力unit virtual force 刚度系数stiffness coefficient 柔度系数flexibility coefficient 力矩分配moment distribution 力矩分配法moment distribution method 力矩再分配moment redistribution 分配系数distribution factor 矩阵位移法matri displacement method 单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix 单元应变矩阵element strain matrix 总体坐标global coordinates贝蒂定理Betti theorem 高斯-- 若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method 屈曲模态buckling mode 复合材料力学mechanics of composites 复合材料composite material 纤维复合材料fibrous composite 单向复合材料unidirectional composite 泡沫复合材料foamed composite 颗粒复合材料particulate composite 层板Laminate 夹层板sandwich panel 正交层板cross-ply laminate 斜交层板angle-ply laminate 层片Ply 多胞固体cellular solid 膨胀Expansion 压实Debulk 劣化Degradation 脱层Delamination 脱粘Debond 纤维应力fiber stress 层应力ply stress 层应变ply strain 层间应力interlaminar stress 比强度specific strength 强度折减系数strength reduction factor - 6 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 强度应力比strength -stress ratio 横向剪切模量transverse shear modulus 横观各向同性transverse isotropy 正交各向异Orthotropy 剪滞分析shear lag analysis 短纤维chopped fiber 长纤维continuous fiber 纤维方向fiber direction 纤维断裂fiber break 纤维拔脱fiber pull-out 纤维增强fiber reinforcement 致密化Densification 最小重量设计optimum weight design 网格分析法netting analysis 混合律rule of mixture 失效准则failure criterion 蔡--吴失效准则Tsai-W u failure criterion 达格代尔模型Dugdale model 断裂力学fracture mechanics 概率断裂力学probabilistic fracture Mechanics 格里菲思理论Griffith theory 线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mecha-nics, EPFM 断裂Fracture 脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture 蠕变断裂creep fracture 延性断裂ductile fracture 晶间断裂inter-granular fracture 准解理断裂quasi-cleavagefracture 穿晶断裂trans-granular fracture 裂纹Crack 裂缝Flaw 缺陷Defect 割缝Slit 微裂纹Microcrack 折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack 深埋裂纹embedded crack [钱]币状裂纹penny-shape crack 预制裂纹Precrack 短裂纹short crack 表面裂纹surface crack 裂纹钝化crack blunting 裂纹分叉crack branching 裂纹闭合crack closure 裂纹前缘crack front 裂纹嘴crack mouth 裂纹张开角crack opening angle,COA 裂纹张开位移crack opening displacement, COD裂纹阻力crack resistance 裂纹面crack surface 裂纹尖端crack tip裂尖张角crack tip opening angle, CTOA裂尖张开位移crack tip opening displacement, CTOD 裂尖奇异场crack tip singularity Field 裂纹扩展速率crack growth rate 稳定裂纹扩展stable crack growth 定常裂纹扩展steady crack growth 亚临界裂纹扩展subcritical crack growth 裂纹[扩展]减速crack retardation 止裂crack arrest 止裂韧度arrest toughness 断裂类型fracture mode 滑开型sliding mode 张开型opening mode 撕开型tearing mode 复合型mixed mode 撕裂Tearing撕裂模量tearing modulus 断裂准则fracture criterion J 积分J-integral J 阻力曲线J-resistance curve 断裂韧度fracture toughness 应力强度因子stress intensity factor HRR 场Hutchinson-Rice-Rosengren Field守恒积分conservation integral有效应力张量effective stress tensor 应变能密度strain energy density 能量释放率energy release rate 内聚区cohesive zone - 7 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 塑性区plastic zone 张拉区stretched zone 热影响区heat affected zone, HAZ 延脆转变温度brittle-ductile transition temperature 剪切带shear band 剪切唇shear lip 无损检测non-destructive inspection 双边缺口试件double edge notched specimen, DEN specimen 单边缺口试件single edge notched specimen, SEN specimen 三点弯曲试件three point bending specimen, TPB specimen 中心裂纹拉伸试件center cracked tension specimen, CCT specimen 中心裂纹板试件center cracked panel specimen, CCP specimen 紧凑拉伸试件compact tension specimen, CT specimen 大范围屈服large scale yielding 小范围攻屈服small scale yielding 韦布尔分布Weibull distribution 帕里斯公式paris formula 空穴化Cavitation 应力腐蚀stress corrosion 概率风险判定probabilistic risk assessment, PRA 损伤力学damage mechanics 损伤Damage 连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics 细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics 累积损伤accumulated damage 脆性损伤brittle damage 延性损伤ductile damage 宏观损伤macroscopicdamage 细观损伤microscopic damage 微观损伤microscopic damage 损伤准则damage criterion 损伤演化方程damage evolution equation 损伤软化damage softening 损伤强化damage strengthening 损伤张量damage tensor 损伤阈值damage threshold 损伤变量damage variable 损伤矢量damage vector 损伤区damage zone 疲劳Fatigue 低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue 随机疲劳random fatigue 蠕变疲劳creep fatigue 腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue 疲劳损伤fatigue damage 疲劳失效fatigue failure 疲劳断裂fatigue fracture 疲劳裂纹fatigue crack 疲劳寿命fatigue life 疲劳破坏fatigue rupture 疲劳强度fatigue strength 疲劳辉纹fatigue striations 疲劳阈值fatigue threshold 交变载荷alternating load 交变应力alternating stress 应力幅值stress amplitude 应变疲劳strain fatigue 应力循环stress cycle 应力比stress ratio 安全寿命safe life 过载效应overloading effect 循环硬化cyclic hardening 循环软化cyclic softening 环境效应environmental effect 裂纹片crack gage 裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation 裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio 实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis 工作[应变]片active[strain]gage 基底材料backing material 应力计stress gage 零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift 应变测量strain measurement 应变计strain gage- 8 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 应变指示器strain indicator 应变花strain rosette 应变灵敏度strain sensitivity 机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage 直角应变花rectangular rosette 引伸仪Extensometer 应变遥测telemetering of strain 横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor 横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity 焊接式应变计weldable strain gage 平衡电桥balanced bridge 粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage 粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage 粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage 桥路平衡bridge balancing 电容应变计capacitance strain gage 补偿片compensation technique 补偿技术compensation technique 基准电桥reference bridge 电阻应变计resistance strain gage 温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage 集流器slip ring 应变放大镜strain amplifier 疲劳寿命计fatigue life gage 电感应变计inductance [strain] gage 光[测]力学Photomechanics 光弹性Photoelasticity 光塑性Photoplasticity 杨氏条纹Young fringe 双折射效应birefrigent effect 等位移线contour of equal Displacement 暗条纹dark fringe 条纹倍增fringe multiplication 干涉条纹interference fringe 等差线Isochromatic 等倾线Isoclinic 等和线isopachic 应力光学定律stress- optic law 主应力迹线Isostatic 亮条纹light fringe 光程差optical path difference 热光弹性photo-thermo -elasticity 光弹性贴片法photoelastic coating Method 光弹性夹片法photoelastic sandwich Method 动态光弹性dynamic photo-elasticity 空间滤波spatial filtering 空间频率spatial frequency 起偏镜Polarizer 反射式光弹性仪reflection polariscope 残余双折射效应residual birefringent Effect 应变条纹值strain fringe value 应变光学灵敏度strain-optic sensitivity 应力冻结效应stress freezing effect 应力条纹值stress fringe value 应力光图stress-optic pattern 暂时双折射效应temporary birefringent Effect 脉冲全息法pulsed holography 透射式光弹性仪transmission polariscope 实时全息干涉法real-time holographic interfero - metry 网格法grid method 全息光弹性法holo-photoelasticity 全息图Hologram 全息照相Holograph 全息干涉法holographic interferometry 全息云纹法holographic moire technique 全息术Holography全场分析法whole-field analysis 散斑干涉法speckle interferometry 散斑Speckle错位散斑干涉法speckle-shearing interferometry, shearography 散斑图Specklegram 白光散斑法white-light speckle method 云纹干涉法moire interferometry [叠栅]云纹moire fringe [叠栅]云纹法moire method 云纹图moire pattern 离面云纹法off-plane moire method 参考栅reference grating- 9 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 试件栅specimen grating 分析栅analyzer grating 面内云纹法in-plane moire method 脆性涂层法brittle-coating method 条带法strip coating method 坐标变换transformation of Coordinates 计算结构力学computational structural mecha-nics 加权残量法weighted residual method 有限差分法finite difference method 有限[单]元法finite element method 配点法point collocation 里茨法Ritz method 广义变分原理generalized variational Principle 最小二乘法least square method 胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle 赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle 修正变分原理modified variational Principle 约束变分原理constrained variational Principle 混合法mixed method 杂交法hybrid method 边界解法boundary solution method 有限条法finite strip method 半解析法semi-analytical method 协调元conforming element 非协调元non-conforming element 混合元mixed element 杂交元hybrid element 边界元boundary element 强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization 离散系统discrete system 连续问题continuous problem 广义位移generalized displacement 广义载荷generalized load 广义应变generalized strain 广义应力generalized stress 界面变量interface variable 节点node, nodal point [单]元Element 角节点corner node 边节点mid-sidenode 内节点internal node 无节点变量nodeless variable 杆元bar element 桁架杆元truss element 梁元beam element 二维元two-dimensional element 一维元one-dimensional element 三维元three-dimensional element 轴对称元axisymmetric element 板元plate element 壳元shell element 厚板元thick plate element 三角形元triangular element 四边形元quadrilateral element 四面体元tetrahedral element 曲线元curved element 二次元quadratic element 线性元linear element 三次元cubic element四次元quartic element 等参[数]元isoparametric element 超参数元super-parametric element 亚参数元sub-parametric element 节点数可变元variable-number-node element 拉格朗日元Lagrange element 拉格朗日族Lagrange family 巧凑边点元serendipity element 巧凑边点族serendipity family 无限元infinite element 单元分析element analysis 单元特性element characteristics 刚度矩阵stiffness matrix 几何矩阵geometric matrix 等效节点力equivalent nodal force 节点位移nodal displacement 节点载荷nodal load 位移矢量displacement vector 载荷矢量load vector 质量矩阵mass matrix - 10 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix 相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix 阻尼矩阵damping matrix 瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping 刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffnessMatrices载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix 质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices 单元的组集assembly of elements 局部坐标系local coordinate system 局部坐标local coordinate 面积坐标area coordinates 体积坐标volume coordinates 曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates 静凝聚static condensation 合同变换contragradient transformation 形状函数shape function 试探函数trial function 检验函数test function 权函数weight function 样条函数spline function 代用函数substitute function 降阶积分reduced integration 零能模式zero-energy mode P 收敛p-convergence H 收敛h-convergence 掺混插值blended interpolation 等参数映射isoparametric mapping 双线性插值bilinear interpolation 小块检验patch test 非协调模式incompatible mode 节点号node number 单元号element number带宽band width 带状矩阵banded matrix 变带状矩阵profile matrix 带宽最小化minimization of band width 波前法frontal method 子空间迭代法subspace iteration method 行列式搜索法determinant search method 逐步法step-by-step method 纽马克法Newmark 威尔逊法Wilson 拟牛顿法quasi-Newton method 牛顿-拉弗森法Newton-Raphson method 增量法incrementalmethod 初应变initial strain 初应力initial stress 切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix 割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix 模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration 子结构Substructure 子结构法substructure technique 超单元super-element 网格生成mesh generation 结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing 后处理post-processing 网格细化mesh refinement 应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure 流体动力学类:流体动力学fluid dynamics 连续介质力学mechanics of continuous media 介质medium 流体质点fluid particle 无粘性流体nonviscous fluid, inviscid fluid 连续介质假设continuous medium hypothesis 流体运动学fluid kinematics 水静力学hydrostatics 液体静力学hydrostatics 支配方程governing equation 伯努利方程Bernoulli equation 伯努利定理Bernonlli theorem 毕奥-萨伐尔定律Biot-Savart law 欧拉方程Euler equation 亥姆霍兹定理Helmholtz theorem 开尔文定理Kelvin theorem 涡片vortex sheet 库塔-茹可夫斯基条件Kutta-Zhoukowski- 11 - Edited by: Blueskylhm condition 布拉休斯解Blasius solution 达朗贝尔佯廖d'Alembert paradox雷诺数Reynolds number 施特鲁哈尔数Strouhal number 随体导数material derivative 不可压缩流体incompressible fluid 质量守恒conservation of mass 动量守恒conservation of momentum 能量守恒conservation of energy 动量方程momentum equation 能量方程energy equation 控制体积control volume 液体静压hydrostatic pressure 涡量拟能enstrophy 压差differential pressure 流[动] flow 流线stream line 流面stream surface 流管stream tube 迹线path, path line 流场flow field 流态flow regime 流动参量flow parameter 流量flow rate, flow discharge 涡旋vortex 涡量vorticity 涡丝vortex filament 涡线vortex line 涡面vortex surface 涡层vortex layer涡环vortex ring 涡对vortex pair 涡管vortex tube 涡街vortex street 卡门涡街Karman vortex street 马蹄涡horseshoe vortex 对流涡胞convective cell 卷筒涡胞roll cell 涡eddy 涡粘性eddy viscosity 环流circulation 环量circulation 速度环量velocity circulation 偶极子doublet, dipole 驻点stagnation point 总压[力] total pressure 总压头total head 静压头static head 总焓total enthalpy 能量输运energy transport 速度剖面velocity profile 库埃特流Couette flow 单相流single phase flow 单组份流single-component flow 均匀流uniform flow 非均匀流nonuniform flow 二维流two-dimensional flow 三维流three-dimensional flow 准定常流quasi-steady flow 非定常流unsteady flow, non-steadyflow 暂态流transient flow 周期流periodic flow 振荡流oscillatory flow 分层流stratified flow 无旋流irrotational flow 有旋流rotational flow 轴对称流axisymmetric flow 不可压缩性incompressibility 不可压缩流[动]incompressible flow 浮体floating body 定倾中心metacenter 阻力drag, resistance 减阻drag reduction 表面力surface force 表面张力surface tension 毛细[管]作用capillarity 来流incoming flow 自由流free stream 自由流线free stream line 外流external flow 进口entrance, inlet 出口exit, outlet 扰动disturbance, perturbation 分布distribution 传播propagation色散dispersion弥散dispersion - 12 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 附加质量added mass ,associated mass 收缩contraction 镜象法image method 无量纲参数dimensionless parameter 几何相似geometric similarity 运动相似kinematic similarity 动力相似[性] dynamic similarity 平面流plane flow 势potential 势流potential flow 速度势velocity potential 复势complex potential 复速度complex velocity 流函数stream function 源source 汇sink 速度[水]头velocity head 拐角流corner flow 空泡流cavity flow 超空泡supercavity 超空泡流supercavity flow 空气动力学aerodynamics 低速空气动力学low-speed aerodynamics 高速空气动力学high-speed aerodynamics 气动热力学aerothermodynamics 亚声速流[动]subsonic flow 跨声速流[动] transonic flow 超声速流[动] supersonic flow 锥形流conical flow 楔流wedge flow 叶栅流cascade flow 非平衡流[动] non-equilibrium flow 细长体slender body 细长度slenderness 钝头体bluff body 钝体blunt body 翼型airfoil 翼弦chord 薄翼理论thin-airfoil theory 构型configuration 后缘trailing edge 迎角angle of attack 失速stall 脱体激波detached shock wave 波阻wave drag 诱导阻力induced drag 诱导速度induced velocity 临界雷诺数critical Reynolds number 前缘涡leading edge vortex 附着涡bound vortex 约束涡confined vortex 气动中心aerodynamic center 气动力aerodynamic force 气动噪声aerodynamic noise 气动加热aerodynamic heating 离解dissociation 地面效应ground effect 气体动力学gas dynamics 稀疏波rarefaction wave 热状态方程thermal equation of state 喷管Nozzle 普朗特-迈耶流Prandtl-Meyer flow 瑞利流Rayleigh flow 可压缩流[动] compressible flow 可压缩流体compressible fluid 绝热流adiabatic flow 非绝热流diabatic flow 未扰动流undisturbed flow 等熵流isentropic flow 匀熵流homoentropic flow 兰金- 于戈尼奥条件Rankine-Hugoniot condition 状态方程equation of state 量热状态方程caloric equation of state 完全气体perfect gas 拉瓦尔喷管Laval nozzle 马赫角Mach angle 马赫锥Mach cone 马赫线Mach line 马赫数Mach number 马赫波Mach wave当地马赫数local Mach number 冲击波shock wave 激波shock wave 正激波normal shock wave 斜激波oblique shock wave 头波bow wave 附体激波attached shock wave - 13 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 激波阵面shock front 激波层shock layer 压缩波compression wave 反射reflection 折射refraction 散射scattering 衍射diffraction 绕射diffraction 出口压力exit pressure 超压[强] over pressure 反压back pressure 爆炸explosion 爆轰detonation 缓燃deflagration水动力学hydrodynamics 液体动力学hydrodynamics 泰勒不稳定性Taylor instability 盖斯特纳波Gerstner wave 斯托克斯波Stokes wave 瑞利数Rayleigh number 自由面free surface 波速wave speed, wave velocity 波高wave height 波列wave train 波群wave group 波能wave energy 表面波surface wave 表面张力波capillary wave 规则波regular wave 不规则波irregular wave 浅水波shallow water wave 深水波deep water wave 重力波gravity wave 椭圆余弦波cnoidal wave 潮波tidal wave 涌波surge wave 破碎波breaking wave 船波ship wave 非线性波nonlinear wave 孤立子soliton 水动[力]噪声hydrodynamic noise 水击water hammer 空化cavitation 空化数cavitation number 空蚀cavitation damage 超空化流supercavitating flow 水翼hydrofoil水力学hydraulics 洪水波flood wave 涟漪ripple 消能energy dissipation 海洋水动力学marine hydrodynamics 谢齐公式Chezy formula 欧拉数Euler number 弗劳德数Froude number 水力半径hydraulic radius 水力坡度hvdraulic slope 高度水头elevating head 水头损失head loss 水位water level 水跃hydraulic jump 含水层aquifer 排水drainage 排放量discharge 壅水曲线back water curve 压[强水]头pressure head 过水断面flow cross-section 明槽流open channel flow 孔流orifice flow 无压流free surface flow 有压流pressure flow 缓流subcritical flow 急流supercritical flow 渐变流gradually varied flow 急变流rapidly varied flow临界流critical flow异重流density current, gravity flow 堰流weir flow 掺气流aerated flow 含沙流sediment-laden stream 降水曲线dropdown curve 沉积物sediment, deposit 沉[降堆]积sedimentation, deposition 沉降速度settling velocity 流动稳定性flow stability 不稳定性instability 奥尔-索末菲方程Orr-Sommerfeld equation 涡量方程vorticity equation- 14 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 泊肃叶流Poiseuille flow 奥辛流Oseen flow 剪切流shear flow 粘性流[动] viscous flow 层流laminar flow 分离流separated flow 二次流secondary flow 近场流near field flow 远场流far field flow 滞止流stagnation flow 尾流wake [flow]回流back flow 反流reverse flow射流jet 自由射流free jet 管流pipe flow, tube flow 内流internal flow 拟序结构coherent structure 猝发过程bursting process 表观粘度apparent viscosity 运动粘性kinematic viscosity 动力粘性dynamic viscosity 泊poise 厘泊centipoise 厘沱centistoke 剪切层shear layer 次层sublayer 流动分离flow separation 层流分离laminar separation 湍流分离turbulent separation分离点separation point 附着点attachment point 再附reattachment 再层流化relaminarization 起动涡starting vortex 驻涡standing vortex 涡旋破碎vortex breakdown 涡旋脱落vortex shedding 压[力]降pressure drop 压差阻力pressure drag 压力能pressure energy 型阻profile drag滑移速度slip velocity 无滑移条件non-slip condition 壁剪应力skin friction, frictional drag 壁剪切速度friction velocity 磨擦损失friction loss 磨擦因子friction factor 耗散dissipation 滞后lag 相似性解similar solution 局域相似local similarity 气体润滑gas lubrication 液体动力润滑hydrodynamic lubrication 浆体slurry 泰勒数Taylor number 纳维-斯托克斯方程Navier-Stokes equation 牛顿流体Newtonian fluid 边界层理论boundary later theory 边界层方程boundary layer equation 边界层boundary layer 附面层boundary layer 层流边界层laminar boundary layer 湍流边界层turbulent boundary layer 温度边界层thermal boundary layer 边界层转捩boundary layer transition 边界层分离boundary layer separation 边界层厚度boundary layer thickness 位移厚度displacement thickness动量厚度momentum thickness 能量厚度energy thickness 焓厚度enthalpy thickness 注入injection 吸出suction 泰勒涡Taylor vortex 速度亏损律velocity defect law 形状因子shape factor 测速法anemometry 粘度测定法visco[si] metry流动显示flow visualization 油烟显示oil smoke visualization 孔板流量计orifice meter 频率响应frequency response 油膜显示oil film visualization 阴影法shadow method 纹影法schlieren method 烟丝法smoke wire method 丝线法tuft method - 15 - Edited by: Blueskylhm 氢泡法nydrogen bubble method 相似理论similarity theory 相似律similarity law 部分相似partial similarity 定理pi theorem, Buckingham theorem 静[态]校准static calibration 动态校准dynamic calibration风洞wind tunnel 激波管shock tube 激波管风洞shock tube wind tunnel 水洞water tunnel 拖曳水池towing tank 旋臂水池rotating arm basin 扩散段diffuser 测压孔pressure tap 皮托管pitot tube 普雷斯顿管preston tube 斯坦顿管Stanton tube 文丘里管Venturi tube U 形管U-tube 压强计manometer 微压计micromanometer 多管压强计multiple manometer 静压管static [pressure]tube 流速计anemometer 风速管Pitot- static tube 激光多普勒测速计laser Doppler anemometer, laser Doppler velocimeter 热线流速计hot-wire anemometer 热膜流速计hot- film anemometer 流量计flow meter 粘度计visco[si] meter 涡量计vorticity meter 传感器transducer, sensor压强传感器pressure transducer 热敏电阻thermistor 示踪物tracer 时间线time line 脉线streak line 尺度效应scale effect 壁效应wall effect 堵塞blockage 堵寒效应blockage effect动态响应dynamic response 响应频率response frequency 底压base pressure 菲克定律Fick law 巴塞特力Basset force 埃克特数Eckert number 格拉斯霍夫数Grashof number 努塞特数Nusselt number 普朗特数prandtl number 雷诺比拟Reynolds analogy 施密特数schmidt number 斯坦顿数Stanton number 对流convection 自由对流natural convection, free convection 强迫对流forced convection 热对流heat convection 质量传递mass transfer 传质系数mass transfer coefficient 热量传递heat transfer传热系数heat transfer coefficient 对流传热convective heat transfer 辐射传热radiative heat transfer 动量交换momentum transfer 能量传递energy transfer 传导conduction 热传导conductive heat transfer 热交换heat exchange 临界热通量critical heat flux 浓度concentration 扩散diffusion 扩散性diffusivity 扩散率diffusivity 扩散速度diffusion velocity 分子扩散molecular diffusion 沸腾boiling 蒸发evaporation 气化gasification 凝结condensation 成核nucleation 计算流体力学computational fluid mechanics 多重尺度问题multiple scale problem 伯格斯方程Burgers equation 对流扩散方程convection diffusion equation - 16 - Edited by: Blueskylhm KDU 方程KDV equation 修正微分方程modified differential equation 拉克斯等价定理Lax equivalence theorem 数值模拟numerical simulation 大涡模拟large eddy simulation 数值粘性numerical viscosity 非线性不稳定性nonlinear instability 希尔特稳定性分析Hirt stability analysis 相容条件consistency conditionCFL 条件Courant- Friedrichs- Lewycondition ,CFL condition 狄里克雷边界条件Dirichlet boundary condition 熵条件entropy condition 远场边界条件far field boundary condition流入边界条件inflow boundary condition 无反射边界条件nonreflecting boundary condition数值边界条件numerical boundary condition流出边界条件outflow boundary condition 冯.诺伊曼条件von Neumann condition 近似因子分解法approximate factorization method人工压缩artificial compression 人工粘性artificial viscosity 边界元法boundary element method 配置方法collocation method 能量法energy method 有限体积法finite volume method 流体网格法fluid in cell method, FLIC method 通量校正传输法flux-corrected transport method 通量矢量分解法flux vector splitting method 伽辽金法Galerkin method 积分方法integral method 标记网格法marker and cell method, MAC method 特征线法method of characteristics 直线法method of lines 矩量法moment method 多重网格法multi- grid method 板块法panel method 质点网格法particle in cell method, PIC method 质点法particle method 预估校正法predictor-corrector method 投影法projection method 准谱法pseudo-spectral method 随机选取法random choice method 激波捕捉法shock-capturing。
最新力学专业英语单词表
Aabrasion n. 磨损[耗]abrasive n. a. (研)磨料(的)磨损abscissa n. 横坐标actuation n. 驱动align v. 调整,对中,校直alloy n. 合金alternative n. a. 交替(的),可供选择的aluminum n. 铝amortize v. 阻尼,缓冲,分期偿还anisotropy n. 各项异性annealing n. 退火annealing n. 退火antiparallelogram n. 反平行四边形anvil n. (锤)砧,砧座armor n. 铠甲assumption n. 假定设想, 担任(职责等), 假装at one’s command 自由使用,支配attainable a. 可达[得]到的austenitic a. 奥氏体的Bbar n. 杆件bass n. 黄铜be distinguished from 与…区分be referred to as 叫做,称为,被认为abnormal a. 非正常的be termed… 被称为……beam n. 横梁,一束bearing n. 轴承bending n. 弯曲,折弯bias vt. n. (使)偏向[重,差]billet n. 坯料,锻坯binary a. 二[双, 复]的, 二元的bismuth n. 铋blacksmith n. 锻工blank n.坯料,(冲压)板坯block n. (模)块blow molding 吹塑(法)brake forming [压]折弯(机)成型branch n. v. 分(部,支)braze n. vt. 硬钎焊,铜焊breakage n. 断裂breakdown n. 破坏,击穿brittleness n. 脆性, 脆度broken up 破[断]裂,分散bronze n. 青铜broom n. 扫帚buckling n. 弯[翘]曲,挠曲buttwelding 对头(缝)焊Ccadmium n. 镉capability n. 能力,性能,容量carbide n. 碳化物,硬质合金carbon n. 碳carbon tetrachloride 四氯化碳casting n. 铸造[件]category n. 种类category n. 种类、类别cavity n. 模膛,型槽centripetal a. 向心的centroid n. 质心;形心closed impression die 闭式锻模coefficient n. 系数coherent a. 互相凝聚的,协调一致coincide with 一致,相符cold[hot] working 冷[热]加工collinear adj. 共线的comparative adj. 比较的,相当的compression molding 压塑,模压(法)compression n. 压缩compressive stress 压(缩)应力configuration n. 外形,配置,排布confine vt. 限制,约束constituent n. a.组成[的,部分] constrain(t) v. n. 强制,约束constrained a. 约束的,限定的consumer goods 消费品continuum n. 连续(体)contour n. 外形、轮廓线convert v. 转变[化]convert v. 转变[换],更换copper n. 铜copper-base alloy 铜基合金corrosion n. 腐蚀coupler n. 连接件,连杆cracking n. 裂纹craftsman n. 技工criterion (pl. criteria) n. 标准, 判据, 准则critical strain 临界应变critical temperature 临界温度crystalline n. a. 结晶[的],晶体cuploa n. 冲天炉Ddecoration n. 装饰deep drawing 深冲(压)definite a. 确定的deflection n. 偏移[转,离],挠曲deformation n. 变形density n. 密度derivative of M with respect to NM对于N的导数design specifications:设计技术要求destructive a. 破坏(性)的,有害的deterioration n. 变坏,退化,损耗determinant n. 行列式die failure 模具损坏die life 模具寿命die n. 模具,锻[冲]模,凹模die-casting n. 模铸[件]discount v. 打折扣,忽视discrete a. 不连续的,单个的disjoin v. 拆散,分开dislocation n. 位错displacement n. 位移,排量,替换distributed forces n. 分力diversity n. 不同,多样性draft n. 模锻斜度drawing n. (锻坯)拔长,[线,管材]拉拔drawn out 拔长drop forging 落锻,锤模锻ductility n. 延展性,可锻性dump v. 倾倒,堆放Eeccentricity n. 偏心[度,率]efficiency n. 效率elastic a. 弹性的elasticity n. 弹性electric resistance-type strain gage n. 电阻应变片electrode n. 电(焊)极, 焊条elimination n. 消除,淘汰elongation n. 伸长(量)embed v. 嵌入、加在层间envision v. 想象equilibrium n. 平衡erosion n. 腐[侵,烧]蚀extract vt. 提炼,萃取extrusion n. 挤压Ffabricate vt. 制造[备],生产factor n. 因素failure n. 失效;破坏fasten(ing) v. n. 连接(件), 紧固(件)ferrous a. (含)铁的ferrous metals 黑色金属filler n. 填充(剂)fine adj. 细的finite element 有限元fiux-shielded arc welding 熔剂保护电弧焊flexibility n. 柔(韧)性,灵活性final flow line 流线flow stress 流动应力flux n. 焊接,助熔剂flux n. 通量,流量forging 终锻forging n. 锻造,锻件foundry n. 铸造[车间]four-bar linkage 四杆机构frame n. 机架,构架friction n. 摩擦furnace n. [熔,高]炉fusion n. 熔化,熔接fusionwelding 熔焊,熔接Ggauge vt. 测[计]量,校验gear ration 齿轮[速、齿数] 比geometry n. 几何形状globular a. 球形(状)的gradient n. 坡[梯]度,斜率grain n. 晶粒grain size 晶粒度graphite n. 石墨grips pl.c.n. 夹具gross n. 总共,重大Hhanding n. 处理,装卸,搬运handle n. 手柄hardening n. 淬火hardness n. 硬度hazard n. 危险,未知数,意外事故heat checking 热裂纹,龟裂heat treatment 热处理higher acceleration 高阶加速度homogeneous a. 均匀的hydraulic adj. 液压的hydraulic press 液压机hydrochloric acid 盐酸Iideal mechanical advantage理想的机械效率immortalize vt. (使)不朽(灭)impact n. v. 冲击,碰撞impart v. 给与,分给impression die forging 模锻impression n. 模膛,型腔(槽)impurity n. 杂质,不纯in connection with 关于,与…相关incline v. (使)倾斜increment n. 增量inertia n. 惯性(物),惯量ingot n. (钢)锭inherent a. 固有的,先天的,本质的initiation n. 开[初]始,发[产]生injection molding 注射模塑(法)inorganic acid 无机酸insulate v. (使)隔离, 绝缘integrity n. 完整性,完全[善]inversion n. 转换,变换investigate v. 调查,研究iron n. 铁It follows that …由此可见,由此得出结论..., 因而断定...it is certain to 必然,一定it is likely that 很可能iterative a. 反复的,迭代的Jjerk n. 震动jet engine 喷气发动机joint n. 结合, 铰链n. 连接的Kkinematic a. 运动学的,运动学上的kinematic chain 运动链knead v. 揉搓[制]Llead n. 铅linear analog 线性模拟link n. 构件,杆件v. 连接longitudinal adj. 经度的; 纵向的;loop n. 环,回路,循环low-carbon steal 低碳钢lubrication n. 润滑luster n. 光泽Mmachine-building 机械制造machine-tool shipments: 机床装运费machining operations: 机床操作,加工工艺magnesium n. 镁manageable a. 可控制的manual a. 手动的,人工的manual skill 手工技艺matrix n. 矩阵mechanical fatigue 机械疲劳mechanical press 机械压力机mechanics n. 力学mesh n. v. 网格,啮合metallic a. (含)金属(制)的metallurgical a. 冶金(学)的metalworking n. 金属压力加工microscopic a. 显微的,微观的microshrinkage n. 显微缩孔microstructure n. 显微组织military n. a. 军队[事,人]的mill n. 轧钢机,铣床mineral a. 矿物的mode n. 方式,状态,模式model n. 模型,样品modify v. 修改,调解,变更mould (mold) n. 模子,铸模,塑模movability n. 可动的,易动的multidisciplinary n. 多学科的multiloop n. 多环链, a 多回路的multiplier n. 放大器,乘法器Nneglect vt. 忽略nickel n. 镍nonferrous metals 有色金属normal adj. 法向的normalizing n. 正火,(正)常化Oopen die forging 自由锻optimization n. 优化,优选(法)ordinate n. 纵坐标orientation n. (定)方向,方位oriented 导向oscillate v. 摆动,摇动overhead : 管理费overheat n. 过热overlap v. 搭接,重叠overload n. v. (使)过[超]载oxidation n. 氧化oxy-acetylene n. a.氧(乙)炔(的)Ppackaging machinery 包装机械parallelogram n. 平行四边形parameter n. 参数parameter n. 参数paraphrase v. 解释,意译penetration n. 贯穿,渗透permanent a. 永久的perpendicular adj. 垂直的pig iron 生铁pin n. 销[钉],铰销pitch v. 投掷pivot n. 枢(轴), 轴销, 回转副plastic working 塑性加工plasticity n. 塑性polygon n. 多变形porosity n. 多孔性,疏松pose v. 提出,摆出…姿态pour v. 浇注powder metallurgy 粉末冶金precision forming 精密成型preconceive v. 预想、事先想好preprocess vt. 预(先)加工,预处理prescribe v. 规定,指示pressurewelding 压力焊prime mover 原动件,驱动件prismatic adj. 棱柱的pristmatic a. 棱柱(形)的prolonged a. 长时间的, 持续很久的pyrometer n. 高温计Qquenching n. 淬火,骤冷Rram n. 锤头,滑块,活动横梁ramp n. 斜板,斜坡rapid-impact blow 快速冲击,猛打recrystallization n. 再结晶recycle v. 反复[循环]利用refine v. 精炼[制],细化refinement n. 精炼[制],细化regarding 考虑到,关于removal n. 除去,放出response n. 反[响]应,灵敏度restriction n. 限制retard vt. n. (使)延缓,推迟retarding media 延缓介质reversal n. 颠倒,相反revolute v. 旋转, 转动, n. 回转体rigid a. n. 坚硬的,刚性,刚度rivet n. v. 铆钉,铆接rock n. 摆动,v. 摇动rocker n. 摇杆roll n. v. 轧辊,滚,轧roll v. 滚动rule of thumb 据经验和实际所得的做法rupture n. 破[开]裂Sscoop n. 勺子,铲斗,v.挖,掘,铲second acceleration 二节加速度sensitive a. 灵敏的,敏感的shear stress 剪应力shielding n. 遮护,屏蔽simultaneously ad. 同时sinter n. vt. 烧结sizing n. 整形,校正,定径skeleton diagram 草图, 示意图slider-crank mechanism 四杆机构slope v. (使)倾斜soaking(=holding) n. 均热,保温solder(ing) v. n. 软钎焊,(低温)焊料solidfy v. (使)凝固solvent n. 溶剂solvent n. a. 溶剂(的)somewhat adv. 稍微soundness n. 致密性,坚固性,无缺陷specific gravity 比重specification n. 操作规程,技术指标,说明书spheroidizing n. 球化(处理)spotwelding 点焊spring-back n. 回弹squeeze v. 挤压stainless steel 不锈钢stamp n. 冲压standard gage n. 标距standardize v. 标准化steep n. a. 陡(坡)的,急剧的stock n. 坯料,原材料strain (rate) n. 应变strain n. 应变strain[deformation] hardening 应变[变形]硬化strength n. 强度stress field 应力场stress n. 应力stress n. 应力stress relieving 消除应力处理stretch forming 张拉成型strike v. 攻[打]击,放电stroke n. 行程,冲程subsequently ad. 随后suitability n. 适应性sulphuric acid 硫酸surface finish 表面光洁度sweep v. 扫荡[描],掠过symmetrical a. 轴对称的Ttempering n. 回火tensile stress 拉(伸)应力tension n. 拉伸test specimens n. 试样thermal fatigue 热疲劳thermal refining 调质处理tin n. 锡tolerance n. 公差topologically adv. 拓扑学地torch n. 焊炬torque n. 力矩,扭矩toughness n. 韧性trajectory n. 轨迹transition n. 过渡区transmission angle 传动角trial-and-error 试凑法turbine n. 涡[汽]轮机,透平机U-Zultimate a. n. 最终的,首要的,极限upset n. 镦粗,顶锻vacuum forming 真空模塑validity n. 正确有效,合法variable n. 变量warm working 温加工,温锻wear v. 磨损weld(ing) v. n. 焊接,熔焊with ease 轻易,很容易的yield stress 屈服应力zinc n. 锌。
力学名词英语翻译
力学名词英语翻译力学 mechanics牛顿力学 newtonian mechanics经典力学 classical mechanics静力学 statics运动学 kinematics动力学 dynamics动理学 kinetics宏观力学 macroscopic mechanics,macromechanics 细观力学 mesomechanics微观力学 microscopic mechanics,micromechanics 一般力学 general mechanics固体力学 solid mechanics流体力学 fluid mechanics理论力学 theoretical mechanics应用力学 applied mechanics工程力学 engineering mechanics实验力学 experimental mechanics计算力学 computational mechanics理性力学 rational mechanics物理力学 physical mechanics地球动力学 geodynamics力 force作用点 point of action作用线 line of action力系 system of forces力系的简化 reduction of force system等效力系 equivalent force system刚体 rigid body力的可传性 transmissibility of force平行四边形定则 parallelogram rule力三角形 force triangle力多边形 force polygon零力系 null-force system平衡 equilibrium力的平衡 equilibrium of forces平衡条件 equilibrium condition平衡位置 equilibrium position平衡态 equilibrium state分析力学 analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子 lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] lagrangian拉格朗日括号 lagrange bracket循环坐标 cyclic coordinate循环积分 cyclic integral哈密顿[量] hamiltonian哈密顿函数 hamiltonian function正则方程 canonical equation正则摄动 canonical perturbation正则变换 canonical transformation正则变量 canonical variable哈密顿原理 hamilton principle作用量积分 action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程 hamilton-jacobi equation 作用--角度变量 action-angle variables阿佩尔方程 appell equation劳斯方程 routh equation拉格朗日函数 lagrangian function诺特定理 noether theorem泊松括号 poisson bracket边界积分法 boundary integral method 并矢 dyad运动稳定性 stability of motion轨道稳定性 orbital stability李雅普诺夫函数 lyapunov function渐近稳定性 asymptotic stability结构稳定性 structural stability久期不稳定性 secular instability弗洛凯定理 floquet theorem倾覆力矩 capsizing moment自由振动 free vibration固有振动 natural vibration暂态 transient state环境振动 ambient vibration反共振 anti-resonance衰减 attenuation库仑阻尼 coulomb damping同相分量 in-phase component非同相分量 out-of-phase component超调量 overshoot参量[激励]振动 parametric vibration模糊振动 fuzzy vibration临界转速 critical speed of rotation阻尼器 damper半峰宽度 half-peak width集总参量系统 lumped parameter system 相平面法 phase plane method相轨迹 phase trajectory等倾线法 isocline method跳跃现象 jump phenomenon负阻尼 negative damping达芬方程 duffing equation希尔方程 hill equationkbm方法kbm method, krylov-bogoliu-bov-mitropol'skii method马蒂厄方程 mathieu equation平均法 averaging method组合音调 combination tone解谐 detuning耗散函数 dissipative function硬激励 hard excitation硬弹簧 hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法 harmonic balance method久期项 secular term自激振动 self-excited vibration分界线 separatrix亚谐波 subharmonic软弹簧 soft spring ,softening spring软激励 soft excitation邓克利公式 dunkerley formula瑞利定理 rayleigh theorem分布参量系统 distributed parameter system优势频率 dominant frequency模态分析 modal analysis固有模态 natural mode of vibration同步 synchronization超谐波 ultraharmonic范德波尔方程 van der pol equation频谱 frequency spectrum基频 fundamental frequencywkb方法 wkb method, wentzel-kramers-brillouin method 缓冲器 buffer风激振动 aeolian vibration嗡鸣 buzz倒谱 cepstrum颤动 chatter蛇行 hunting阻抗匹配 impedance matching机械导纳 mechanical admittance机械效率 mechanical efficiency机械阻抗 mechanical impedance随机振动 stochastic vibration, random vibration隔振 vibration isolation减振 vibration reduction应力过冲 stress overshoot喘振 surge摆振 shimmy起伏运动 phugoid motion起伏振荡 phugoid oscillation驰振 galloping陀螺动力学 gyrodynamics陀螺摆 gyropendulum陀螺平台 gyroplatform陀螺力矩 gyroscoopic torque陀螺稳定器 gyrostabilizer陀螺体 gyrostat惯性导航 inertial guidance姿态角 attitude angle方位角 azimuthal angle舒勒周期 schuler period机器人动力学 robot dynamics多体系统 multibody system多刚体系统 multi-rigid-body system机动性 maneuverability凯恩方法 kane method转子[系统]动力学 rotor dynamics转子[一支承一基础]系统 rotor-support-foundation system 静平衡 static balancing动平衡 dynamic balancing静不平衡 static unbalance动不平衡 dynamic unbalance现场平衡 field balancing不平衡 unbalance不平衡量 unbalance互耦力 cross force挠性转子 flexible rotor分频进动 fractional frequency precession半频进动 half frequency precession油膜振荡 oil whip转子临界转速 rotor critical speed自动定心 self-alignment亚临界转速 subcritical speed涡动 whirl连续过程 continuous process碰撞截面 collision cross section通用气体常数 conventional gas constant燃烧不稳定性 combustion instability稀释度 dilution完全离解 complete dissociation火焰传播 flame propagation组份 constituent碰撞反应速率 collision reaction rate 燃烧理论 combustion theory浓度梯度 concentration gradient阴极腐蚀 cathodic corrosion火焰速度 flame speed火焰驻定 flame stabilization火焰结构 flame structure着火 ignition湍流火焰 turbulent flame层流火焰 laminar flame燃烧带 burning zone渗流 flow in porous media, seepage 达西定律 darcy law赫尔-肖流 hele-shaw flow毛[细]管流 capillary flow过滤 filtration爪进 fingering不互溶驱替 immiscible displacement 不互溶流体 immiscible fluid互溶驱替 miscible displacement互溶流体 miscible fluid迁移率 mobility流度比 mobility ratio渗透率 permeability孔隙度 porosity多孔介质 porous medium比面 specific surface迂曲度 tortuosity空隙 void空隙分数 void fraction注水 water flooding可湿性 wettability地球物理流体动力学 geophysical fluid dynamics 物理海洋学 physical oceanography大气环流 atmospheric circulation海洋环流 ocean circulation海洋流 ocean current旋转流 rotating flow平流 advection埃克曼流 ekman flow埃克曼边界层 ekman boundary layer大气边界层 atmospheric boundary layer大气-海洋相互作用 atmosphere-ocean interaction 埃克曼数 ekman number罗斯贝数 rossby unmber罗斯贝波 rossby wave斜压性 baroclinicity正压性 barotropy内磨擦 internal friction海洋波 ocean wave盐度 salinity环境流体力学 environmental fluid mechanics斯托克斯流 stokes flow羽流 plume理查森数 richardson number污染源 pollutant source污染物扩散 pollutant diffusion噪声 noise噪声级 noise level噪声污染 noise pollution排放物 effulent工业流体力学 industrical fluid mechanics流控技术 fluidics轴向流 axial flow并向流 co-current flow对向流 counter current flow横向流 cross flow螺旋流 spiral flow旋拧流 swirling flow滞后流 after flow混合层 mixing layer抖振 buffeting风压 wind pressure附壁效应 wall attachment effect, coanda effect简约频率 reduced frequency爆炸力学 mechanics of explosion终点弹道学 terminal ballistics动态超高压技术 dynamic ultrahigh pressure technique 流体弹塑性体 hydro-elastoplastic medium热塑不稳定性 thermoplastic instability空中爆炸 explosion in air地下爆炸 underground explosion水下爆炸 underwater explosion电爆炸 discharge-induced explosion激光爆炸 laser-induced explosion核爆炸 nuclear explosion点爆炸 point-source explosion殉爆 sympathatic detonation强爆炸 intense explosion粒子束爆炸 explosion by beam radiation 聚爆 implosion起爆 initiation of explosion爆破 blasting霍普金森杆 hopkinson bar电炮 electric gun电磁炮 electromagnetic gun爆炸洞 explosion chamber轻气炮 light gas gun马赫反射 mach reflection基浪 base surge成坑 cratering能量沉积 energy deposition爆心 explosion center爆炸当量 explosion equivalent火球 fire ball爆高 height of burst蘑菇云 mushroom侵彻 penetration规则反射 regular reflection崩落 spallation应变率史 strain rate history流变学 rheology聚合物减阻 drag reduction by polymers 挤出[物]胀大 extrusion swell, die swell无管虹吸 tubeless siphon剪胀效应 dilatancy effect孔压[误差]效应 hole-pressure[error]effect 剪切致稠 shear thickening剪切致稀 shear thinning触变性 thixotropy反触变性 anti-thixotropy超塑性 superplasticity粘弹塑性材料 viscoelasto-plastic material滞弹性材料 anelastic material本构关系 constitutive relation麦克斯韦模型 maxwell model沃伊特-开尔文模型 voigt-kelvin model宾厄姆模型 bingham model奥伊洛特模型 oldroyd model幂律模型 power law model应力松驰 stress relaxation应变史 strain history应力史 stress history记忆函数 memory function衰退记忆 fading memory应力增长 stress growing粘度函数 voscosity function相对粘度 relative viscosity复态粘度 complex viscosity拉伸粘度 elongational viscosity拉伸流动 elongational flow第一法向应力差 first normal-stress difference第二法向应力差 second normal-stress difference 德博拉数 deborah number魏森贝格数 weissenberg number动态模量 dynamic modulus振荡剪切流 oscillatory shear flow宇宙气体动力学 cosmic gas dynamics等离[子]体动力学 plasma dynamics电离气体 ionized gas行星边界层 planetary boundary layer阿尔文波 alfven wave泊肃叶-哈特曼流] poiseuille-hartman flow哈特曼数 hartman number生物流变学 biorheology生物流体 biofluid生物屈服点 bioyield point生物屈服应力 bioyield stress电气体力学 electro-gas dynamics铁流体力学 ferro-hydrodynamics血液流变学 hemorheology, blood rheology血液动力学 hemodynamics磁流体力学 magneto fluid mechanics磁流体动力学 magnetohydrodynamics, mhd磁流体动力波 magnetohydrodynamic wave磁流体流 magnetohydrodynamic flow磁流体动力稳定性 magnetohydrodynamic stability 生物力学 biomechanics生物流体力学 biological fluid mechanics生物固体力学 biological solid mechanics宾厄姆塑性流 bingham plastic flow开尔文体 kelvin body沃伊特体 voigt body可贴变形 applicable deformation可贴曲面 applicable surface边界润滑 boundary lubrication液膜润滑 fluid film lubrication向心收缩功 concentric work离心收缩功 eccentric work关节反作用力 joint reaction force微循环力学 microcyclic mechanics微纤维 microfibril渗透性 permeability生理横截面积 physiological cross-sectional area 农业生物力学 agrobiomechanics纤维度 fibrousness硬皮度 rustiness胶粘度 gumminess粘稠度 stickiness嫩度 tenderness渗透流 osmotic flow易位流 translocation flow蒸腾流 transpirational flow过滤阻力 filtration resistance压扁 wafering风雪流 snow-driving wind停滞堆积 accretion遇阻堆积 encroachment沙漠地面 desert floor流沙固定 fixation of shifting sand流动阈值 fluid threshold。
力学专业英语词汇翻译
力学专业英语词汇翻译牛顿力学Newtonian mechanics经典力学classical mechanics工程力学engineering mechanics固体力学solid mechanics一般力学general mechanics应用力学applied mechanics流体力学fluid mechanics理论力学theoretical mechanics静力学statics运动学kinematics动力学dynamics材料力学materials mechanics结构力学structural mechanics实验力学experimental mechanics计算力学computational mechanics力force作用点point of action作用线line of action力系system of forces力系的简化reduction of force system等效力系equivalent force system刚体rigid body力的可传性transmissibility of force平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力三角形force triangle力多边形force polygon零力系null-force system平衡equilibrium力的平衡equilibrium of forces平衡条件equilibrium condition平衡位置equilibrium position平衡态equilibrium state分析力学analytical mechanics拉格朗日乘子Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日[量] Lagrangian循环积分cyclic integral哈密顿[量] Hamiltonian哈密顿函数Hamiltonian function正则方程canonical equation正则摄动canonical perturbation正则变换canonical transformation正则变量canonical variable哈密顿原理Hamilton principle作用量积分action integral哈密顿--雅可比方程Hamilton-Jacobi equation作用--角度变量action-angle variables泊松括号poisson bracket边界积分法boundary integral method运动稳定性stability of motion轨道稳定性orbital stability渐近稳定性asymptotic stability结构稳定性structural stability倾覆力矩capsizing moment拉力tensile force正应力normal stress切应力shear stress静水压力hydrostatic pressure集中力concentrated force分布力distributed force线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress and strain 弹性模量modulus of elasticity横向力lateral force transverse force轴向力axial force拉应力tensile stress压应力compressive stress平衡方程equilibrium equation静力学方程equations of static比例极限proportional limit应力应变曲线stress-strain curve拉伸实验tensile test‘屈服应力yield stress极限应力ultimate stress轴shaft梁beam纯剪切pure shear横截面积cross-sectional area挠度曲线deflection curve曲率半径radius of curvature曲率半径的倒数reciprocal of radius of curvature纵轴longitudinal axis悬臂梁cantilever beam简支梁simply supported beam微分方程differential equation惯性矩moment of inertia静矩static moment扭矩torque moment弯矩bending moment弯矩对x的导数derivative of bending moment with respect to x弯矩对x的二阶导数the second derivative of bending moment with respect to x 静定梁statically determinate beam静不定梁statically indeterminate beam相容方程compatibility equation补充方程complementary equation中性轴neutral axis圆截面circular cross section两端作用扭矩twisted by couples at two ends刚体rigid body扭转角twist angle静力等效statically equivalent相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心through the centroid of the cross section一端铰支pin support at one end一端固定fixed at one end弯矩图bending moment diagram剪力图shear force diagram剪力突变abrupt change in shear force、旋转和平移rotation and translation虎克定律hook’s law边界条件boundary condition初始位置initial position、力矩面积法moment-area method绕纵轴转动rotate about a longitudinal axis横坐标abscissa扭转刚度torsional rigidity拉伸刚度tensile rigidity剪应力的合力resultant of shear stress正应力的大小magnitude of normal stress脆性破坏brittle fail对称平面symmetry plane刚体的平衡equilibrium of rigid body约束力constraint force重力gravitational force实际作用力actual force三维力系three-dimentional force system合力矩resultant moment标量方程scalar equation、矢量方程vector equation张量方程tensor equation汇交力系cocurrent system of forces任意一点an arbitrary point合矢量resultant vector反作用力reaction force反作用力偶reaction couple转动约束restriction against rotation平动约束restriction against translation运动的趋势tendency of motion绕给定轴转动rotate about a specific axis沿一个方向运动move in a direction控制方程control equation共线力collinear forces平面力系planar force system一束光 a beam of light未知反力unknown reaction forces参考框架frame of reference大小和方向magnitude and direction几何约束geometric restriction刚性连接rigidly connected运动学关系kinematical relations运动的合成superposition of movement固定点fixed point平动的叠加superposition of translation刚体的角速度angular speed of a rigid body质点动力学particle dynamics运动微分方程differential equation of motion 工程实际问题practical engineering problems变化率rate of change动量守恒conservation of linear momentum 定性的描述qualitative description点线dotted line划线dashed line实线solid line矢量积vector product点积dot product极惯性矩polar moment of inertia角速度angular velocity角加速度angular accelerationinfinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动general solution 通解particular solution 特解transient solution 瞬态解steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力internal force 内力stress component 应力分量state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力continuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component 位移分量additional restrictions 附加约束compatibility conditions 相容条件mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态unit matrix 单位矩阵dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量deviator stress components 应力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系linear elastic material 线弹性材料mathematical derivation 数学推导a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态Newton‘s first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与……成正比stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态st venant’ principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical value 临界值stable equilibrium 稳态平衡unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件critical load 临界载荷a slender column 细长杆fixed at the lower end 下端固定free at the upper end 上端自由critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷potential energy 势能fixed at both ends 两端固定hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件transverse dimention 横向尺寸stability of column 柱的稳定axial force 轴向力elliptical hole 椭圆孔plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应为principal stress directions 主应力方向axial compression 轴向压缩dynamic loading 动载荷dynamic problem 动力学问题inertia force 惯性力resonance vibration 谐振static states of stress 静态应力dynamic response 动力响应time of contact 接触时间length of wave 波长resonance frequency 谐振频率自由振动free vibration固有振动natural vibration暂态transient state环境振动ambient vibration反共振anti-resonance衰减attenuation库仑阻尼Coulomb damping参量[激励]振动parametric vibration模糊振动fuzzy vibration临界转速critical speed of rotation阻尼器damper半峰宽度half-peak width相平面法phase plane method相轨迹phase trajectory解谐detuning耗散函数dissipative function硬激励hard excitation硬弹簧hard spring, hardening spring谐波平衡法harmonic balance method久期项secular term自激振动self-excited vibration软弹簧soft spring ,softening spring软激励soft excitation模态分析modal analysis固有模态natural mode of vibration同步synchronization频谱frequency spectrum基频fundamental frequency缓冲器buffer风激振动aeolian vibration嗡鸣buzz倒谱cepstrum颤动chatter蛇行hunting阻抗匹配impedance matching机械导纳mechanical admittance机械效率mechanical efficiency机械阻抗mechanical impedance随机振动stochastic vibration, random vibration 隔振vibration isolation减振vibration reduction方位角azimuthal angle多体系统multibody system静平衡static balancing动平衡dynamic balancing静不平衡static unbalance动不平衡dynamic unbalance现场平衡field balancing不平衡unbalance不平衡量unbalance质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum能量守恒conservation of energy动量方程momentum equation能量方程energy equation结构分析structural analysis结构动力学structural dynamics拱Arch三铰拱three-hinged arch抛物线拱parabolic arch圆拱circular arch穹顶Dome空间结构space structure空间桁架space truss雪载[荷] snow load风载[荷] wind load土压力earth pressure地震载荷earthquake loading弹簧支座spring support支座位移support displacement支座沉降support settlement超静定次数degree of indeterminacy机动分析kinematic analysis结点法method of joints截面法method of sections结点力joint forces共轭位移conjugate displacement影响线influence line三弯矩方程three-moment equation单位虚力unit virtual force刚度系数stiffness coefficient柔度系数flexibility coefficient力矩分配moment distribution力矩分配法moment distribution method力矩再分配moment redistribution分配系数distribution factor矩阵位移法matri displacement method单元刚度矩阵element stiffness matrix单元应变矩阵element strain matrix总体坐标global coordinates高斯--若尔当消去法Gauss-Jordan elimination Method屈曲模态buckling mode线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics, LEFM 弹塑性断裂力学elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, EPFM 断裂Fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture解理断裂cleavage fracture蠕变断裂creep fracture裂纹Crack裂缝Flaw缺陷Defect割缝Slit微裂纹Microcrack折裂Kink椭圆裂纹elliptical crack深埋裂纹embedded crack损伤力学damage mechanics损伤Damage连续介质损伤力学continuum damage mechanics细观损伤力学microscopic damage mechanics损伤区damage zone 疲劳Fatigue低周疲劳low cycle fatigue应力疲劳stress fatigue随机疲劳random fatigue蠕变疲劳creep fatigue腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue疲劳损伤fatigue damage疲劳失效fatigue failure疲劳断裂fatigue fracture疲劳裂纹fatigue crack疲劳寿命fatigue life疲劳破坏fatigue rupture疲劳强度fatigue strength交变载荷alternating load交变应力alternating stress应力幅值stress amplitude应变疲劳strain fatigue应力循环stress cycle应力比stress ratio安全寿命safe life过载效应overloading effect循环硬化cyclic hardening循环软化cyclic softening环境效应environmental effect裂纹片crack gage裂纹扩展crack growth, crack Propagation裂纹萌生crack initiation循环比cycle ratio实验应力分析experimental stress Analysis工作[应变]片active[strain] gage基底材料backing material应力计stress gage零[点]飘移zero shift, zero drift应变测量strain measurement应变计strain gage应变指示器strain indicator应变花strain rosette应变灵敏度strain sensitivity机械式应变仪mechanical strain gage直角应变花rectangular rosette引伸仪Extensometer应变遥测telemetering of strain横向灵敏系数transverse gage factor横向灵敏度transverse sensitivity焊接式应变计weldable strain gage平衡电桥balanced bridge粘贴式应变计bonded strain gage粘贴箔式应变计bonded foiled gage粘贴丝式应变计bonded wire gage桥路平衡bridge balancing电容应变计capacitance strain gage补偿片compensation technique补偿技术compensation technique基准电桥reference bridge电阻应变计resistance strain gage温度自补偿应变计self-temperature compensating gage 半导体应变计semiconductor strain Gage计算结构力学computational structural mechanics加权残量法weighted residual method有限差分法finite difference method有限[单]元法finite element method配点法point collocation里茨法Ritz method广义变分原理generalized variational Principle最小二乘法least square method胡[海昌]一鹫津原理Hu-Washizu principle赫林格-赖斯纳原理Hellinger-Reissner Principle修正变分原理modified variational Principle约束变分原理constrained variational Principle混合法mixed method杂交法hybrid method边界解法boundary solution method有限条法finite strip method半解析法semi-analytical method协调元conforming element非协调元non-conforming element混合元mixed element杂交元hybrid element边界元boundary element强迫边界条件forced boundary condition 自然边界条件natural boundary condition 离散化Discretization离散系统discrete system连续问题continuous problem坐标变换transformation of Coordinates 广义位移generalized displacement广义载荷generalized load广义应变generalized strain广义应力generalized stress界面变量interface variable节点node, nodal point[单]元Element角节点corner node边节点mid-side node内节点internal node无节点变量nodeless variable杆元bar element桁架杆元truss element梁元beam element二维元two-dimensional element一维元one-dimensional element三维元three-dimensional element轴对称元axisymmetric element板元plate element壳元shell element厚板元thick plate element三角形元triangular element四边形元quadrilateral element四面体元tetrahedral element曲线元curved element二次元quadratic element线性元linear element三次元cubic element四次元quartic element等参[数]元isoparametric element单元分析element analysis单元特性element characteristics刚度矩阵stiffness matrix几何矩阵geometric matrix等效节点力equivalent nodal force节点位移nodal displacement节点载荷nodal load位移矢量displacement vector载荷矢量load vector质量矩阵mass matrix集总质量矩阵lumped mass matrix相容质量矩阵consistent mass matrix阻尼矩阵damping matrix瑞利阻尼Rayleigh damping刚度矩阵的组集assembly of stiffness Matrices 载荷矢量的组集consistent mass matrix质量矩阵的组集assembly of mass matrices单元的组集assembly of elements局部坐标系local coordinate system局部坐标local coordinate面积坐标area coordinates体积坐标volume coordinates曲线坐标curvilinear coordinates静凝聚static condensation形状函数shape function试探函数trial function检验函数test function权函数weight function样条函数spline function节点号node number单元号element number带宽band width带状矩阵banded matrix变带状矩阵profile matrix带宽最小化minimization of band width波前法frontal method子空间迭代法subspace iteration method行列式搜索法determinant search method逐步法step-by-step method增量法incremental method初应变initial strain初应力initial stress切线刚度矩阵tangent stiffness matrix割线刚度矩阵secant stiffness matrix模态叠加法mode superposition method 平衡迭代equilibrium iteration子结构Substructure子结构法substructure technique网格生成mesh generation结构分析程序structural analysis program 前处理pre-processing后处理post-processing网格细化mesh refinement应力光顺stress smoothing组合结构composite structure。
力学专业英语Translation1
G1 Basic Concepts in MechanicsWork is defined as force multiplied by the distance over which the force acts. Work is measured in metre-kilograms.(直译+意译法)功是指力与该力方向上位移的乘积,单位是米•牛顿(焦耳)。
A metre-kilogram equals the work done by a force of one kilogram acting through a distance of one metre.(直译+意译法)一焦耳的功相当于一千克物体在力的作用下(沿力的方向)移动一米。
For example, if a work task involves lifting a 300-kilogram machine two and one-half metres into a truck, then 750 metre-kilograms of work is required.(直译+意译法)譬如,将一个重达300千克的机械举起2.5米,置于卡车中,这需要750焦耳的功。
Since no humans can lift 300 kilograms directly, a device must be employed to modify the required effort into something manageable.(直译+意译法)因为没有人能直接举起300千克,所以必须动用一个设备以可行的方式实现所需的工作量。
One common device is an inclined plane - in this case, a loading ramp that slopes from the ground to the truck. If the ramp were 10 meters long and friction forces were negligibly small, then 75 kilograms of force would be required to roll the machine up the ramp.(直译+意译法)一个常见的设备是一个斜面——在该情况下,是一个从地面连接到卡车的荷载斜板。
finite element method
P k
k : The assembled stiffness matrix
: The vector of nodal displacements
P : The vector of forces for the complete structure
Procedure
and deflection analysis of complex structures
R.W. Clough , The finite element method in plane stress analysis
Current situation
Over the years, the finite element techniques has been so well established
Step1: Discretization of the structure
Procedure
Step2: Selection of a proper displacement model
U ( x, y) a1 a2 x a3 y V ( x, y) a4 a5 x a6 y
Finite
Element ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱethod
谢腾飞 耿琳琳 张炜铭
Introduction
Brief History Current situation
Procedure
Introduction
The finite element method is numerical method which can be used for the
u H a v
孟庆元工程力学专业英语阅读3
最好的导体电阻最小,最差的导体电阻最大。
2、某些句子结构须增加关联词
If A is equal to D, A plus B equals D plus B. 若A = D,则A + B = D + B
G Gr
(2)
Equations (1) and (2) relate the strain and stress at the surface of the shaft to the
angle of twist per unit length.
当一个杆件处于纯扭转状态是,其扭转角沿杆件 纵向方向的变化率(即单位长度的扭转角)d / dx是
sections of the bar remain straight and undistorted during twisting, we see that an
interior element situated on the surface of an interior cylinder of radius is also in
6、补充概括性的词 The frequency, wavelength, and speed of sound are closely related. 频率、波长和声速之间是密切相关的。
The resistance of the pipe to the flow of water through it depends upon the length of the pipe, the diameter of the pipe, and the feature of the inside walls (rough or smooth).
孟庆元工程力学专业英语阅读5
转译成谓语
1、主语转译成谓语(以case, need, attention, emphasis, improvement等名词及名词化结构作主语时,常这样处理)
The prevention of certain types of cancer is distinctly within the realm of possibility.
太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。
转译成表语
1、主语转译成表语 A great contribution of Edison was the carbon microphone. 炭精传声器是爱迪生的一大贡献。
computer.
这个理论在科学上充满了远见卓识,也许可以跟巴 贝奇的计算机原理相提并论。
2、谓语转译成状语
After more experiments, Galileo succeeded in making a much
better telescope.
又做了一些实验之后,伽利略成功地制造了一架好得多的望远镜。
By 1914 Einstein had gained world fame.
1914年爱因斯坦已成了著名的科学家。
转译成状语
1、定语转译成状语
异常的洞察力
It was an amazing piece of scientific clairvoyance, comparable
perhaps to Charles Babbage’s anticipation of the principle of the
3、谓语转译成主语 Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater
力学专业英语25
材料的基本变形当以物体承受荷载,荷载或者来自于作用于外表面的力,或者是重力的影响,或者是类似的施加于整个物体的力,物体产生应力和变形。
对施加于连续体上力的研究形成了连续介质力学。
对连续介质力学问题的公式化表述中,非常重要的一部分是描述作用于单元体上应力和单元体上产生的变形的关系。
在这里,变形意味着物体几何形状的改变。
依赖于工程材料的自然属性和作用力的大小,材料可以以多种不同的方式变形。
它可以以弹性、塑性、粘弹性或者粘性方式变形。
这些变形的每一种形式可以简单定义和描述如下:弹性变形弹性变形可以定义为可逆的变形,也就是,当作用力移除以后,物体可以恢复到它原来的形状,并且所有储存的能量也可以恢复。
任何时候,施加荷载后,不论应力是切应力、正应力或者静水应力,它都会产生相应的弹性变形。
所有,如果给出了作用载荷的大小,那么对应的变形量就可以唯一确定。
其所包含的物理过程是,通过改变原子间的距离,原子键的简单延伸。
几乎所有的晶体材料在相当低的应力下表现为弹性。
部分的没有特定取向晶体聚合物,在低温下基本上也是弹性的。
表征各向同性材料的弹性特性的材料属性是杨氏模量E,切变模量G,体积模量K 和泊松比v。
对于各向同性材料只有两个属性的独立的。
塑性变形塑性变形是永久变形,也就是,在荷载移除之后,物体依然变形并且完成了净功。
包含的物理过程是原子间的滑动,永久的改变了它们相互间的位置。
当作用于金属材料时,正应力并没有显著的影响滑动过程。
所以,它可以表述为只有切应力可以导致金属材料的塑性变形。
变形的维度依赖于加载历史,所以不可以唯一的由应力确定。
包含的一些重要的参数是,塑性变形的切应力和加工硬化率。
对于大多数准静力加载情况,塑性变形是独立于时间,也就是,它不依赖于加载的持续时间。
大多数在高应力下的金属显示出塑性特性。
在高温下,金属承受着依赖于时间的塑性变形叫做蠕变。
粘性变形粘性变形是永久变形,通过变形的时间率来表征,变形是和施加的载荷成比例的。
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1、应力和应变应力和应变的概念可以通过考虑一个棱柱形杆的拉伸这样一个简单的方式来说明。
一个棱柱形的杆是一个遍及它的长度方向和直轴都是恒定的横截面。
在这个实例中,假设在杆的两端施加有轴向力F,并且在杆上产生了均匀的伸长或者拉紧。
通过在杆上人工分割出一个垂直于其轴的截面mm,我们可以分离出杆的部分作为自由体【如图1(b)】。
在左端施加有拉力P,在另一个端有一个代表杆上被移除部分作用在仍然保存的那部分的力。
这些力是连续分布在横截面的,类似于静水压力在被淹没表面的连续分布。
力的集度,也就是单位面积上的力,叫做应力,通常是用希腊字母,来表示。
假设应力在横截面上是均匀分布的【如图1(b)】,我们可以很容易的看出它的合力等于集度,乘以杆的横截面积A。
而且,从图1所示的物体的平衡,我们可以看出它的合力与力P必须的大小相等,方向相反。
因此,我们可以得出等式(1)可以作为棱柱形杆上均匀应力的方程。
这个等式表明应力的单位是,力除以面积。
当杆被力P拉伸时,如图所示,产生的应力是拉应力,如果力在方向是相反,使杆被压缩,它们就叫做压应力。
使等式(1)成立的一个必要条件是,应力,必须是均匀分布在杆的横截面上。
如果轴向力P作用在横截面的形心处,那么这个条件就实现了。
当力P 没有通过形心时,杆会发生弯曲,这就需要更复杂的分析。
目前,我们假设所有的轴向力都是作用在横截面的形心处,除非有相反情况特别说明。
同样,除非另有说明,一般也假设物体的质量是忽略的,如我们讨论图1的杆一样。
轴向力使杆产生的全部伸长量,用希腊字母δ表示【如图1(a)】,单位长度的伸长量,或者应变,可以用等式来决定。
L是杆的总长。
注意应变ε是一个无量纲的量。
只要应变是在杆的长度方向均匀的,应变就可以从等式(2)中准确获得。
如果杆处于拉伸状态,应变就是拉应变,代表材料的伸长或者,那么应变就是压应变,这也就意味着杆上临近的横截面是互相靠近的。
当材料的应力和应变显示的是线性关系时,也就是线弹性。
这对多数固体材料来说是极其重要的性质,包括多数金属,塑料,木材,混凝土和陶瓷。
处于拉伸状态下,杆的应力和应变间的线性关系可以用简单的等式来表示。
E 是比例常数,叫做材料的弹性模量。
注意E和应力有同样的单位。
在英国科学家托马斯·杨(1773 ~ 1829)研究杆的弹性行为之后,弹性模量有时也叫做杨氏模量。
对大多数材料来说,压缩状态下的弹性模量与处于拉伸时的弹性模量的一样的。
2、拉伸应力应变行为一个特殊材料中应力和应变的关系是通过拉伸测试来决定的。
材料的试样通常是圆棒的形式,被安置在测试机上,承受拉力。
当载荷增加时,测量棒上的力和棒的伸长量。
力除以横截面积可以得出棒的应力,伸长量除以伸长发生方向的长度可以得出应变。
通过这种方式,材料的完整应力应变图就可以得到。
图1所示的是结构钢的应力应变图的典型形状,轴向应变显示在水平轴,对应的应力以纵坐标表示为曲线OABCDE。
从O点到A点,应力和应变之间是直接成比例的,图形也是线性的。
过了A点,应力应变间的线性关系就不存在了,因此A点处的应力叫做比例极限。
随着荷载的增加,应变比应力增加的更快,直到在B点,在拉应力没有明显增大的情况下,物体也发生了相当大的伸长。
这种现象叫做材料的屈服,点B处的应力叫做屈服点或者屈服应力。
在区域BC材料开始具有塑性,棒也开始塑性伸长,伸长量是在比例极限处伸长量的10或者15倍。
在C点,材料开始应变硬化,并且进一步的阻力,阻止载荷的增加。
这样,随着进一步的伸长,应变增加,并且在D点达到最大值,或者极限应变。
过了这一点,棒的拉伸伴随着载荷的减少,试样最后在图上E点断裂。
在棒伸长期间,发生了侧面的收缩,导致棒的横截面积减小。
这个现象在C点之前,对应力应变图没有影响,但是过了这一点,面积的减小对应力的计算值有明显的影响。
棒就会发生明显的颈缩(如图2所示),并且如果颈处狭窄部分的实际横截面积被用于计算σ,将会发现真实的应力应变曲线是虚线CE。
尽管在极限应力达到之后,棒上的总荷载有实际的减小,这个减小是由于面积的减少,而不是材料强度的减小。
在失效点之前,材料实际经受了应力的增加。
然而,为了多数实用目的,常规的应力应变曲线OABCDE是基于试样最初的横截面积,为设计目的提供了令人满意的信息。
图1的图形,画出来是为了表示应力应变曲线的一般特性。
在应力应变曲线的最初区域,材料表现的既有弹性又有线性。
钢材的应力应变图上的从O 到A的区域就是很好的例子。
紧接着大的塑性应变,明显屈服点的出现,对于在今天是很普通的结构化金属——钢材来说稍微有点独特。
铝合金从线性到非线性区域是更渐渐的转变。
在失效之前,钢和许多铝合金承受了更大的应变,所以被归类为易延展的。
另一方面,脆性材料在很低的应变时就失效了。
实例包括陶瓷,铸铁,混凝土,某些金属合金,和玻璃。
3、圆棒的扭转让我们设想一下,一个具有圆形横截面的棒被作用在其末端的力偶扭转(如图1)。
以这种方式加载的棒据称是处于纯扭转。
从考虑对称性可以看出,圆棒的横截面在纵轴方向是作为刚体扭转的,半径依然是直的,横截面是圆形的。
并且,如果棒扭转的总角度比较小的话,棒的长度和半径r都不会改变。
在扭转期间,对应于棒的一端,棒的另一端绕着纵轴会发生扭转。
例如,如果我们把棒的左端看做固定的,那么对应于棒的左端,棒的右端会旋转一个角度。
同时,棒表面的纵向线例如nn,会旋转一个小的角度到位置。
因为扭转,棒表面的矩形单元,例如图中所示的在两个横截面之间相距的单元,被扭转成长菱形。
当一个杆状物承受纯扭转时,扭转角的变化率沿着棒的长度方向是恒定L是轴的长度。
然后,我们可以得到切应变。
作用在单元边线处的切应力有图1所示的方向。
对于线弹性材料,切应力大小是。
等式(1)(2)把杆状物的应变和应力与单位长度的扭转角联系起来。
杆状物内部的应力表述用的方式类似于用于杆状物表面的表述方式。
因为棒横截面的半径依然是直的,在扭转时没有扭曲,我们看到位于半径为ρ的圆柱体表面的内部单元,是纯剪切并伴随着对应的切应变,应力可以从下述的表达式得出。
这些等式表明,从轴心处切应力和切应变随着径向距离是线性变化的,并且在外表面达到最大值。
作用在横截面的切应力,由等式(3b)给出,伴随着作用在杆状物纵向平面的相等的切应力。
这个结果是从这样一个事实得到的,就是相等的切应力总是存在于相互垂直的平面。
如果材料纵向受剪弱于侧向受剪(例如,木材),受扭杆状物的第一次断裂将会出现在它的纵向表面。
杆状物表面的纯剪切应力的表述等效于,对于杆状物轴扭转45。
的单元上的拉应力和压应力。
如果一种受拉比受剪弱的材料受扭,那么材料将会沿着与轴成45。
的螺旋线处以收缩的方式失效。
通过扭转一支粉笔的方式就可以很容易的演示这种失效。
可以建立施加的扭矩T和产生的扭转角间的关系。
切应力的合力必须静定的等于合扭矩。
作用在单元面积dA上的剪切力是,这个力对于棒轴的力矩是。
在等式(3b)中,力矩等于。
合力矩T是整个横截面上的单元力矩的总和,因此,总和,因此,是圆截面的极惯性矩。
从等式(4)我们可以得到,是单位长度的扭转角,与扭矩T成正比,与乘积,是相反的,是杆的扭转刚度。
4、梁的挠曲一根承受轴横向力的棒叫做梁。
图1中的梁,一端是针状支撑,另一端的滚动支撑,叫做简支梁或者简单的梁。
简支梁的本质特征是在弯曲时梁的两端可以自由转动,但是它不能够横向移动。
另外,梁的一端可以沿轴向自由移动。
一端是嵌入式或者固定,另一端的自由的梁,叫做悬臂梁。
梁的固定端既不可以转动也不可以移动,自由端则可以转动和移动。
梁上的荷载可以分为集中力,例如图1横截面的质心。
剪力??被叫做合应力。
荷(或者没有载荷)作用于梁上时,弯矩的变化率等于剪力的代数值。
如果梁上作用有集中力,那么在集中力作用点剪力处,将会有突变,或者不连续。
梁的纵轴是直的。
在弯曲后,梁的轴变成了曲线,表现为曲线,让我们假设xy平面是对称与梁的平面,并且所有的载荷都作用在平面内。
那么曲线,叫做梁的挠曲线,也会在平面内。
从图形的几何形状可以看出,是曲率,等于曲率的半径的倒数。
这样,曲率等于角度在沿着挠曲线测量的长度方面的变换率。
梁挠曲线的基本微分方程可以表述为,是梁从初始位置的挠度。
必须在每个事例中求积分来获得挠度。
这个步骤包括方程的连续积分,作为结果的积分常数从梁的边界条件获得。
应该明白,只有在材料适用于胡克定律并且挠曲线的斜率是很小的时候,方程才是有效。
另一种获得梁挠度的方法是力矩面积法。
这个方法得名于它利用了弯矩图的面积。
当想得到挠度或者梁上一点处的斜率,而不是获得挠曲线的整个方程,这个方法是特别有用的。
是在横截面中性轴方面的第二力矩(或者惯性矩),Q是梁平面面积的第一力矩(或者静态矩)。
可以看出梁外缘处正应力是最大的,在中性轴处为零,在外缘处切应力为零,在中性轴处经常达到最大。
梁上的剪力V和弯矩M经常随着距离变化,距离规定是从它们作用在梁上的横截面处开始的。
当设计一个梁时,非常想知道梁上所以横截面处和的值,提供这方面信息的一个很简便的方法是画一个表达它们沿着梁轴变化的图。
为了画出图,我们把横截面的位置作为横坐标,把对应的剪力或者弯矩的值作为纵坐标。
这样的图像叫做剪力图或者弯矩图。
图1中的简支梁是静定梁中的一种。
这种梁的特征的它所有的反作用力都是由静力平衡方程决定的。
反作用力的数目多于静力平衡方程数目的梁叫做超静定梁。
对于静定梁,我们可以通过求解静力平衡方程快速获得梁的反作用力。
然而,当梁是超静定时,我们不能仅从静力方面求解解决。
取而代之的是,我们必须考虑梁的挠度,并且获得相容方程作为静力方程的补充。
6、刚体的平衡静力学的主要目标是建立一个基本理论,来管理作用在处于平衡状态的物体上的力。
描述阻止物体移动的力的一个手段是自由体受力图,它使物体从周围的事物中隔离出来。
在受力图中,我们展示了施加在物体上的所有力,记住牛顿第三定律告诉我们的,力是物体之间相互作用的结果。
构建受力图的过程帮助我们理解系统的参数是很重要的。
构建自由体受力图的部分任务的为了检查支撑结构,以便我们可以推导出应用在物体上的什么类型的力。
这些力有时叫做约束力,因为它们代表支撑结构约束物体移动的方式。
对这些力的另一个术语是反作用力,因为它们代表支撑结构对物体移动趋势做出反应的方式。
反作用力被用来约束物体的移动,反作用力偶被用来约束物体的转动。
在任何时候支撑结构的类型允许物体在特定方向移动,或者是绕着特定轴转动,那么在哪个方向将没有反作用力或力偶。
我们可以为条件建立一个数学推导公式,如果物体处于精力平衡状态,那么这个公式必须满足。
在我们研究作用在处于静力平衡的物体上的力之间的关系之前,让我们想象用作用在一些合适点C的等效的力偶系,来代替作用在物体上的真实的力。