中考语法-被动语态-仁爱英语初三

中考语法-被动语态
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。

巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。

所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。

”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。

”
再如：English is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

判断：看下面的两个例句，你来判断哪个是主动哪个是被动？
He opened the door.他开了门。

（____________）
The door was opened.门被开了。

（____________）
He speaks English.
English is spoken by him.
说明：好了，现在我们对被动语态的句子形式有了一个形象的认识，但英语句子是千变万化的，这时就需要你有“火眼金睛”了。

下面我们来具体了解一下被动语态的构成。

Exercises:Change the following sentences into the passive voice sentences.
1.Some people destroy the environment.
2.He doesn’t water the flowers every day.
3.Does a large population cause many problems?
4.They clean their classroom every day.
二、被动语态的构成: be + done
被动特点强调宾（语）, 构成为be+及物动词的过去分词。

行为对象作主语，逻辑主语by来引。

1. Disneyland is___________（enjoy）by millions of people from all over the world.
2. The blouse is ___________（make）of silk.
3.The Great Wall is ___________（visit）by many visitors every year.
4.Many problems are ___________ (cause)by the large population.
谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的也没必要。

动作承受者需强调，用被动语态莫忘了。

1. Some stamps were ___________（steal）last week.
2. The PRC was ___________（found）on October 1, 1949.
3. Football is ___________（play）in most middle schools.
4. English is widely ___________（use）throughout the world now.
5. English ___________（speak）as the main language in America..
6. The cake is divided into pieces
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。

am（is,are）现在时，am（is,are）+done
was和were表过去, was（were）+done
完成have（has）been, have（has）been+done
将来，情态，be原形, will（can,may,must）be+done
进行时态两个be，am（is,are）+being+done
说明：别看英语中一会儿主动被动一会儿现在时一会儿过去时啥的，好像看得咱们眼花缭乱啦。

其实呢，这么一堆东西归纳起来，就两点：时态和语态。

歌诀：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。

说明：那么，什么时候用被动语态呢？简单的说，凡是汉语中带“被”的句子，都能转换成英语的被动语态。

几种常用时态的被动语态——
1.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词
肯定句：Bikes are ___________（sell）in that shop.
否定句：Bikes are not sold in that shop.
疑问句：Are bikes sold in that shop? Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词
肯定句：China was ___________（liberate）in 1949.
否定句：China was not liberated in 1949.
疑问句：Was China liberated in 1949? Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.
3.一般将来时：shall/will/be going to + be+过去分词
肯定句：An English class will be ___________（give）by Jack tomorrow.
否定句：An English class will not be given by Jack tomorrow.
疑问句：Will an English class be given by Jack tomorrow? Yes, it will. / No. it won't.
4.现在进行时：am/is/are + being+过去分词
肯定句：A car is being ___________（drive）now.
否定句：A car is not being driven now.
疑问句：Is a car being driven now? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.
5.现在完成时：have / has+ been+过去分词
肯定句：A road has been ___________（build）by the government.
否定句：A road hasn't been built by the government.
疑问句：Has a road been built by the government? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn't.
6.情态动词：情态动词+be + P.P
1）This clock can be ___________（repair）here.
2）The trees may be ___________（plant）at other times of the year.
3）The composition must be ___________（hand）in after class.
4）The young trees should be ___________（plant）in spring.
三、被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

例如：
Some new computers were ___________（steal）last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

（不知道电脑是谁偷的）
A Journey to West ________ (show) on CCTV every summer.
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：
The window was ___________（break）by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was ___________（write）by him. 这本书是他写的。

歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。

主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。

所谓主动句就是由主动态动词（词组）作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词（词组）作谓语动词的句子。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）
（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。

（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

例如：All the people ___________（laugh）at him.
→He was ___________（laugh）at by all people.
They ___________（make）the bikes in the factory.
→The bikes are ___________（make）by them in the factory.
歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。

歌诀：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。

例如：
We can ___________（repair）this watch in two days.
→This watch can be ___________（repair）in two days.
You ought to ___________（take）it away.
→It ought to be ___________（take）away.
They should ___________（do）it at once.
→It should be ___________（do）at once.
六、含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构
口诀：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾。

如若变直宾，be done后加to(或for)
含有双宾语的主动句改为被动句时，应将其中一个宾语改为被动结构的主语，另一个宾语仍保留在原处。

一种情况是把间接宾语（指人）变为主语，直接宾语（指物）不变；另一种情况是把直接宾语（指物）变为主语，间接宾语（指人）不变，这时，间接宾语前通常加介词to，有时加for。

例如：
1. My father gave me a new book on my birthday.
→I was given a new book（by my father）on my birthday.（间接宾语作了主语）
→A new book was given to me（by my father）on my birthday.（直接宾语作了主语）2. Father bought me a new coat.
→I was bought a new coat . （间接宾语作了主语）
→A new coat was bought for me. （直接宾语作了主语）
七、补充
一些宾补动词如make, see, hear等在主动语态中可以接动词原形（实为省略to的动词不定式）作为宾语补足语的动词在变被动语态是一定要注意恢复to。

如：He made me stand outside. →I was made to stand outside（by him）.
I saw him play football. →He was seen to play football（by him）.
有一个顺口溜方便记忆：
宾补动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。

主动句中to走开，被动句中to回来。

主动被动互变
1. People speak English in many countries.
________________________________________
2. The bike is being repaired. (A worker)
________________________________________
3. He taught me Chinese last term.
________________________________________
4. The reading – room must be kept clean.
________________________________________
5. Mum will buy me a T – shirt tomorrow.
________________________________________
6. She was seen reading a book. (I)
________________________________________
7. They let the dog go.
________________________________________
8. The books have been taken from the library. (The little boy)
________________________________________
小小练习
（）1. Basketball _____after school twice a week.
A. is played
B. will be played
C. was played
（）2. A lift ______ to go up and down every day.
A. is used
B. are used
C. be used
（）3. Shoes ____ in the shop last year.
A. was sold
B. is sold
C. were sold
（）4. In this game their hands __________.
A. not be seen
B. be not seen
C. can’t be seen
（）5. These mooncakes _______ already by Mary.
A. will be eaten
B. haven’t been eaten
C. have been eaten （）6. He ______ to the hospital in a few minutes.
A. was taken
B. is taken
C. will be taken
（）7. My birthday cake _________yet.
A. is made
B. has been made
C. hasn’t been made
（）8. English _______ in this school since 1980.
A. is taught
B. has been taught
C. was taught
（）9. The boy ______by Ling Feng.
A. are looked after
B. can be looked after
C. were looked after （）10. These old books ______since many years ago.
A. have been kept
B. were kept
C. are kept
（）11. The garden _______ a week ago.
A. is cleaned
B. has been cleaned
C. was cleaned
（）12. He wanted to know if the tickets ______ to him tomorrow.
A. would be sent
B. will be sent
C. are sent
（）13. At the crossing, a policeman _____often ________.
A. is...seen
B. was...seen
C. are...seen
（）14. Sometimes they _______ play football.
A. are seen to
B. are seen
C. will be seen to
（）15. All the clothes in the shop _______.
A. is tried on
B. was tried on
C. can be tried on
（）16. The worker said that he _______ a ladder(梯子) at once.
A. needs
B. needed
C. was needed
D. is needed
（）17. A doctor _______for by her last month.
A. send
B. were sent
C. was sent
D. sent
（）18. The doctor ________ Edison’s mother.
A. was saved
B. has been saved
C. saved
D. have saved
（）19. So much wood ______ into small pieces here every day.
A. were cut
B. are cut
C. is cut
D. cut
（）20. --- Where is Jim’s telephone number?
--- It ______ on the blackboard already.
A. writes
B. wrote
C. is written
D. has been written
【中考真题回放】
1. —Did you go to Jack's birthday party?
—No, I______. (天津市)
A. am not invited
B. wasn't invited
C. haven 't invited
D. didn't invite
2. I like this silk dress, and it ______ so soft and comfortable. (江西省)
A. is feeling
B. feels
C. has felt
D. is felt
3. People use computers widely in the world. (改为同义句)
Computers_____ widely______ in the world.
(辽宁省)
4. 第四十七届世乒赛上个月在巴黎举行。

The 47th World Table Tennis Championship ______ ______ in Paris last month. (济南市)
5. We heard them sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday. (改为被动语态)
精品----
They were heard______Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday. (重庆市)
--精品。