仁爱英语七年级下册Unit 5topic2重点内容
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仁爱英语七年级下册Unit 5 topic 2重点知识
一、构词法
①动词+er →名词如:compute + r →computer
②动词+ing →名词如:build + ing →building
③名词+ful →形容词如:wonder +ful →wonderful
④Japan →Japanese
⑤合成词:如:class+room →classroom play+ground →playground work+book→workbook
news+paper →newspaper black+board →blackboard
二、重点短语
1.play cards
2.make cards
3.student card
4.do one’s homework
5.do some cleaning
6.borrow some books
7.look for
8.return sth
9.keep sth for a week
10.have a soccer game
11.write a letter
12.read English newspapers
13.draw pictures
14.clean the blackboard
15.on the telephone
16.of course
17.See you soon
18.in swimming pool
19.how long
20.on time
21.at the back of the classroom
22.at Lost and Found
23.a few students
24.few students
25.run around the playground
26.over there
27.in Picture 1
28.look happy
29.on the Great Wall
30.one day 1.打牌
2.制作卡片
3.学生卡
4.做家庭作业
5.打扫卫生
6.借一些书
7.寻找
8.归还某物
9.保存某物一周
10.举行足球比赛
11.写一封信
12.看英文报纸
13.画画
14.擦黑板
15.通过电话
16.当然可以
17.再见
18.在游泳池里
19.多长时间
20.按时,准时
21.在教室后面
22.在失物招领处
23.一些学生
24.几乎没有学生
25.沿着操场跑步
26.在那边
27.在图片1里
28.看起来高兴
29.在长城上
30.某一天
短语详解
1.play cards 打牌
本话题出现了一些常见的日常动作用语,如:
play cards 打牌make cards制作卡片borrow sth 借某物
read newspaper 读报
return sth归还某物
draw pictures 画画
I often see the children playing cards in the room. 我经常看孩子们在房间里打牌。
I am going to make cards for every teacher. 你打算给每位老师制作贺卡。
I borrowed his pen because mine was broken. 我借了他的钢笔,因为我的坏了。
Li Mei and her husband usually watch TV or read newspaper at night. 李梅和丈夫晚上通常看电视和报纸。
Do you return the novel to the library? 那本小说你还给图书馆了吗?
We can draw pictures and read books in the classroom. 我们可以在教室画画和读书。
2.do one’s homework 做家庭作业
在使用do one’s homework时,应该把one’s改为与主语同人称的形容词性物主代词,
具体用法是:主语I you he she we they
对应:my your his her our their 如:
I do my homework every day.我每天做作业。
You do your homework every day.你每天做作业。
He does his homework every day.他每天做作业。
She does her homework every day.她每天做作业。
We do our homework every day.我们每天做作业。
They do their homework every day.他们每天做作业。
My brother does his homework every day.我的弟弟每天做作业。
(My brother相当于he)
My sister does her homework every day .我的妹妹每天做作业。
(Mysister相当于she)
His brother and sister do their homework every day.他的弟妹每天做作业。
(His brother and sister相当于they)3.do some cleaning 打扫卫生
do some +V-ing 表示“做一些…活”如:
do some reading读点书do some shopping购物do some running跑跑步
do some washing洗衣服
do some cooking做饭
do some writing写点东西
We usually do some washing on Sunday .我们通常在星期天洗衣服.
I often help my mother do some cleaning and cooking.院我常帮妈妈打扫卫生、做饭.
They often do some reading in their free time.他们经常在空闲时读些书。
注意:含有这种固定搭配的句子,改否定句与一般疑问句时,some不改为any 4.borrow some books 借一些书
borrow 借入,强调主语“进”东西,常与搭配构成短语:borrow sth from…从…借东西I borrowed the book from her.方我从她那里借到这本书。
She used to borrow money from her friends. 她常向她的朋友们借钱。
Rome borrowed many ideas from Greece. 罗马人采纳了许多希腊人的思想。
注意:borrow借的动作一发生即结束,因此是短暂动词,它后面不能跟时间段。
如:You can borrow the book for two weeks. 这是不正确的。
汉语中常说借东西借多长时间,英语中认为是保存了多长时间,因此常用keep而不用borrow。
上句应改为:You can keep the book for two weeks. 这本书你可以保存两星期。
5.keep sth for a week 保存某物一周
You can keep the book for a week. 你可以借这本书一周。
How long may I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多长时间?
6.how long多长时间
how long“多长”,询问动作在时间上所持续的长度。
其答语部分或划线部分可能是:
1)“for + 时间段”,有时可能没有介词for。
如:
-How long did he wait for you here?他在这儿等了你多久?- For two hours. 两个小时。
→How long did it take him to finish his homework?
2)“since + 具体时间”,“since + 时间段+ ago”或者“since + 从句”。
如:
-How long are you feeling like this? 像这样已经多久了?
-Since last night.从昨晚到现在。
They were playing football from 9:00 to 10:00 yesterday. (对话线部分提问)
→How long were they play ing football yesterday?
另外,how long也可以询问某事物的具体长度。
如:
-How long is the desk?这张桌子有多长?-1.2 meters. 1.2米。
拓展:how far“多远”,询问路程、距离。
如:
How far is it from here to school? 从这儿到学校有多远
7.look for 寻找
look for 强调“找”的过程. 对比:find 强调“找”的结果
He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车.
I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表,但是找不到.
I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指.
另外,find还有“发现”;“感到”等意思. 如:
I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包.
I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思.
8.have a soccer game 举行足球比赛
We have a soccer game in our school. 我们学校举行了一场足球赛。
have a soccer game举行足球比赛= play a soccer game
9.of course 当然可以
在国外说Of Course 会被认为没有礼貌,因为这个词语的含义和我们国内表达意思有所不同。
我们学到of course 是“当然”,于是直接把它等同于yes,但很少有人知道它的潜台词是“明知故问”,当别人询问,特别是关心的问某事,回答of course,会有一种“明摆着呢,难道你不知道吗”的语气,造成一种傲慢,没礼貌的印象。
如:
- Do you know it's going to be raining tomorrow?你知道明天要下雨了吗?(潜台词:要记得带伞)
- Of course!用你说吗,我当然知道!(明显的傲慢,无礼)(正确的回答是 Yes, I do 好的,我知道了)建议在以下两种场合中使用Of course:
1.别人请你帮忙时:如:
-Can you help me with this?- 你能帮我一下吗?
- Of course!- 当然!
2. 表达强烈意愿时, 如:
- Will you come to my graduation ceremony?- 你会来参加我的毕业典礼吗?
- Of course. - 当然。
10.on time按时,准时
on time 侧重于“按时”、“准时”的意思,指按事先规定的时间点做某事,不早也不晚。
Be here tomorrow on time. 请明天按时到这儿来。
Can we arrive in Beijing on time or not? 我们能否按时到达北京?
Thanks to our hard work, we can finish the task on time. 托赖大家的努力,才能按时完成任务。
比较: in time及时
11.a few students一些学生
few students几乎没有学生
few + 复数名词很少,少数,几乎没有(表否定的意思, 即几乎没有)
a few+ 复数名词几个,有几个(表肯定,即还有几个)
There are few people in the room屋子里几乎没有人。
There are a few apples on the table 桌子上还有几个苹果。
I went to spend a few days at the seaside 我去海滨玩了几天。
I have few friends here.我这里几乎没有朋友。
I have a few friends here.我这里有几个朋友。
拓展: little + 不可数名词很少,少数,几乎没有(表否定的意思, 即几乎没有)
a little+ 不可数名词几个,有几个(表肯定,即还有几个)
There is little water in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有水.
There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水.
I had little money and little free time.我没什么钱,也没多少空闲时间。
There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了,你能给我点儿墨水吗? 12.over there 在那边
here 这里, there 那里over there 在那边这三个词表示的距离依次增大
Ask that man over there. 问问那边那个男子.
Please put the chair over there in the corner of the room.请把椅子放到房间角落那里。
Someone over there is calling you. 那边有人招呼你。
12.run around the playground 沿着操场跑步
round和around的区别:
作介词用的around与round通常可以互换,只不过美语常用around,而英语常用round。
在表示"圆形运转,回到原处", "环绕","周围"时,英语用round,但美国人用around,。
They were sitting round the kitchen table 他们正围坐在餐桌旁。
Suddenly a car came round a corner on the opposite side 突然,对面的街角处拐过一辆汽车。
She looked at the papers around her 她看了看四周的文件。
I turned around and wrote the title on the blackboard 我转过身,在黑板上写下了题目。
13.one day 某一天(过去或将来的某天)
One day last week, she rnet a friend of hers in the street.·上星期的一天,她在街上见到了她的一位朋友. 14.at the back of the classroom 在教室后面
at the back of在…后面
①在……的后面(范围之外, 相当于behind.)”.如:
There is a little garden at the back of the house.房屋后有个小花园.
We planted some trees at the back of the school.我们在学校后面种了些树.
②在……的后部(范围之内)”.如:
There is a little room at the back of the house.房屋后部有个小房间.
注意:用于此义时,不能用behind 换.
③用于引申义.如:
Someone must be at the back of this.这事一定有人在背后捣鬼.
拓展:in the back of 在……后部(面).如:
I sat in the back of the taxi with my son on my knee. 我坐在出租车后排座上,儿子坐在我腿上。
三、重要单词
1. make
①做;制作;制造.
make sth
Can you make any mooncakes?你会做些月饼吗?
make sth for sb = make sb sth
My uncle will make me a kite. = My uncle will make a kite for me.叔叔将为我做一只风筝.
make 可很构成很多短语
make a mistake 犯错误
make a noise 吵闹;弄出噪声make a promise 答应;许下诺言make a shopping list 写一个购物单make a telephone call 打电话make friends with 与……交朋友make a face 做鬼脸make a living 谋生;维持生活make it 约定时间;做到;按时到达make money 赚钱
make one's bed 铺床;收拾床铺make room for 为……让地方
make sure 确信;务必;弄清楚make ...into 把……变成
②使;让
make sb do sth使某人做某事
Don't make the baby cry any more.不要再让那个孩子哭了.
Our English teacher often makes us retell the texts.我们的英语老师经常让我们复述课文。
make +宾语+形容词使…怎么样
Loud music makes me uncomfortable. 吵闹的音乐使我不舒服.
The news made him happy.这个消息使他很高兴。
2. clean
①动词,使…干净,打扫
I should clean the house. 我应该打扫房间.
He cleans the house. 他打扫了房间.
Her father cleaned his glasses with a paper napkin 她父亲用纸巾把眼镜擦干净。
②形容词:干净的
The desk is clean. 这张桌子很干净.
The clean desk is Tom’s. 这张干净的桌子是汤姆的.
3. keep
①keep +宾语+形容词. 使…保持某种状态
She kept the child quiet. 她让孩子别作声。
The clothes can keep you warm. 这件衣服能让你暖和.
We must keep the classroom clean.我们必须保持教室干净.
②keep doing sth
He keeps doing homework。
他一直在做作业。
She kept washing until he came. 她一直洗衣服直到他回来。
We kept working in the fields all day long. 我们一整天都在地里干活.
③keep sb doing sth让某人做某事
I keep them waiting at the gate.我让他们在大门口等候。
She kept him walking for an hour. 她让他步行一小时。
He kept himself running for half an hour, 他让自己跑步半小时。
4.must 必须
must 是情态动词,后跟动词原形,必须…(说话者认为),语气比较强。
mustn’t不准,千万不可以You must fininsh your homework first.你必须首先完成你的家庭作业。
We must return the books to the library on time.我们必须按时把书还到图书馆。
Children mustn’t play on the street. 孩子们不准在街上玩弄。
You must n’t swim in the river alone. 你千万不能一个人在河里游泳。
must be 一定是
The man must be Tom’s father. 那个男子一定是汤姆的爸爸。
5.also 也
also,too,as well,either,作“也”讲,为副词.下面分别讲述:
too,also,as well:都用于肯定句,表示前者怎样后者也怎样.
too:一般放在句尾,可用逗号和前面的句子隔开,也可不用;
also:其位置大多放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前;
as well:其位置一般放在句尾,三者可以作同义句转换. 如:
You need to go shopping and I need to go shopping,too.
=You need to go shopping and I also need to go shopping.
=You need to go shopping and I need to go shopping as well.
either 用于否定句句末如:He doesn't have any money , either.他也没有钱。
6.because 因为,后跟句子
Tom didn’t come to school because he was ill. 汤姆没有来上学,因为他生病了。
They stay at home because it is raining heavily.他们呆在家里,因为正在大雨。
7.money 钱,不可数名词。
Tom has much money. 汤姆有许多钱。
8.return V(动词)“归还”return=give back。
return sth.(to sb.)=give sth.back to sb.把某物还给某人。
Please return the book to me now.=Please give the book back to me now.
注意:return 不能与back连用
9. write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信
write back 回信
I write to my friend in England once a month.我一个月给我在英国的朋友写一封信。
I forgot to write back to Tom. 我忘了给汤姆写回信。
四、重要语法现在进行时
我们知道,英语句子中用动词的不同形式表示动作发生在不同的时间,如:
Tom goes to school every day.goes表示动作经常发生。
这是一般现在时
Tom went to school yesterday.went表示动作发生在过去。
这是一般过去时。
英语中用am(is,are)+v-ing 形式表示动作正在发生。
这叫现在进行时。
如:
I am doing my homework now.我正在做家庭作业。
(指说话时正在发生的动作)
We are working on a farm these days.这些天我们在一家农场劳动。
(指现阶段正在发生的动作)Look!He is reading.瞧,他正在看书。
现在进行时的谓语结构am(is,are)+v-ing中,
am(is,are)没有词意,它帮助v-ing形式表示动作正在发生,是助动词。
不要误认为是系动词。
v-ing 被称为动词的现在分词,它不能独立作谓语。
它的构成方法是:
①一般情情况加-ing
play--playing,sing--singing
②以不读音的字母e结尾去e加-ing
have—having make—making skate—skating dance—dancing
③以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母将末尾辅音字母双写,再加-ing
run—running swim—swimming sit—sitting jog--jogging,put—putting
现在进行时常有三种句型:
肯定式:主语+be+v-ing+其它。
如:He is mending his bike.他正在修自行车。
否定式:主语+be+not+v-ing+其它。
如:He is not(isn't)mending his bike.他没在修自行车。
疑问式:有一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两种句式。
一般疑问句把be动词提前:Be+主语+v-ing+其它?如:
Is he mending his bike?他正在修自行车吗?
Yes,he is.(No,he isn't.)是的,他在修。
(不,他没在修。
)
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+v-ing+其它?如:What is he doing?他正在干什么?
何时用现在进行时,有下几种情况:
①以Look!或Listen!开头的句子,提示我们说话时动作正在进行,应用现在进行时。
如:
Look!The children are playing games over there.瞧!孩子们在那边做游戏。
Listen!Who's singing in the classroom?听!谁在教室里唱歌?
②当句子中有now(现在)时,常表示说话时动作正在进行,这时也常用现在进行时。
如:
We are reading English now.现在我们正在读英语。
③描述图片中的人物的动作时常用现在进行时,以示生动。
如:
Look at the picture.The girl is swimming.看这幅图,这个女孩正在游泳。
④表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作时常用现在进行时。
这时常与时间状语these days,this week等连用。
如:
We are playing football these days.这些天我们在踢足球。
⑤有时句子中没有时间状语,但表示的是说话时或者现阶段正在进行的动作,就需用现在进行时。
如:
—What's Jim doing?吉姆在干什么?—He is cleaning the room.他正在打扫房间。
注意:
①一些表示状态、结果、感觉和感情的动词,如have(有),be(是),like(喜欢),know(知道),want (想要),think(认为),see(看见),hear(听见),forget(忘记)等,一般不用现在进行时。
如:
I have a new bike now.现在我有一辆新的自行车。
但不说:I'm having a new bike now.
②有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。
这些动词是go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,work,sleep,stay,play,do,have,wear,die等。
如:
She's coming to see me tomorrow.她明天要来看我。
The football match is starting next Monday.足球赛在下星期一开始。
五、牢记下列句子
1.W hat are you doing? I’m making kards.
2.J ane is doing her homework.
3.M ay I borrow some English workbooks? Of course.
4.H ow long may I keep them? Two weeks.
5.Y ou must return them on time.
6.T hank you all the same.
7.I am looking for my wallet.
8.A few students are running around the playground.
9.Three students are swimming in the swimming pool in the gym.
10.What about the girls over there?
11.She is cleaning the blackboard at the back of the classroom.
12.Here are some photos of his.
13.He looks happy because he loves swimming.
14.I n Picture 2, he is talking to a Japanese girl on the Great Wall.
15.The Great Wall is wonderful. I want to visit it one day. 1.你在干什么?我在做卡片。
2.简正在做作业。
3.我可以借一些英语练习本吗?当然。
4.我可以保存多久?两个星期。
5.你必须按时归还。
6.仍然谢谢你。
7.我在找我的钱包。
8.有几个学生在操场上跑来跑去。
9.三个学生正在体育馆的游泳池里游泳。
10.那边的女孩呢?
11.她正在教室后面擦黑板。
12.这是他的一些照片。
13.他看起来很高兴,因为他喜欢游泳。
14.在图2中,他正在长城上和一个日本女孩说话。
15.长城太棒了。
我想有一天去看看。