新编大学英语教案_第四册_Unit6

新编大学英语教案〔4〕
Unit 6 Risks
Aims of Teaching
Master the words describing some risky activities
Improve the students’ abilities of reading comprehension and writing
Key Points
Introducing the methods of locating the key sentence of each paragraph to sum up the whole text
Using multi-media teaching equipment
Group-Discussion
Living performance
Unit 6 Risks
Part one preparation
1> T and Ss list different jobs, and then Ss discuss the corresponding risks Jobs: nurse, psychiatrist, businessman, policeman, coal miner, lawyer, stockbroker, presidents, secretary, beggar, teacher, fighter pilot, accountant, football
player, interpreter, fireman, singer, civil servant, ambassador…
Categorize them into three types: physical ones, financial ones, emotional ones 2> Which activity is riskier?
Rock climbing, working on a farm, driving a car, skiing, being a 65-year-old man, flying in an airplane, driving a motorcycle, and skydiving
3> Issue discussion: Do you think CET-4 causes risks in the students? If there is
some, what are they? <certificate, degree, emotional influence>
In-Class Reading: Risks and You
1. Words and expressions
1. or other: <usu. used with somebody/something/somewhere, someday, somehow, etc.>
expressing uncertainty or vagueness about a person, thing or place.
a. The box is somewhere or other in the kitchen.箱子在厨房的某个地方。

b. Somehow or other, John managed to get a well-paid job in the bank.不管怎
么说,约翰设法在银行找到了一份待遇不错的工作。

Cf. or rather: <used when making a statement more accurate or correct> 更确切地说
a. We stayed at my friend’s house, or rather at my friend’s parents’ house.
我们住在我的朋友家,更确切地说,住在我朋友的父母家。

b. He is my relative-or rather my father’s cousin. 他是我的亲戚,更确切地说,
是我父亲的表兄。

2. risk: <instance of the >possibility of meeting danger or suffering harm, loss, etc. 遇险；风险；受害
a. Is any risk of the bomb exploding? 有炸弹爆炸的危险吗？
b. There’s no risk of her failing/that she’ll fail. 她没有失败的危险。

Phrases:
at risk: threatened by the possibility of loss, failure, etc; in danger 处在危险之中
a. The whole future of the company is at risk. 这家公司的整个前途都处于危险
之中。

b. My job is at risk. <I may lose my job.> 我的工作处在危险之中。

at the risk of <doing sth.>: with the possibility of <doing sth.> 冒…的危险；
不顾…的危险
a. At the risk of sounding ungrateful, I must refuse your offer. 恕我不能领
情,我必须拒绝你的意见。

at risk to sb./sth.: with the possibility of losing or injuring sb./sth. 冒着…
的危险
a. He saved the child at considerable risk to himself/to his own life. 他冒
着极大的生命危险救了那个孩子。

run the risk <of doing sth.>: do sth. that exposes one to a danger, possibility,
etc. 做危险的事；冒险
a. We can’t run the risk <of losing all that money>. 我们不能冒失掉那全部
钱的危险。

b. He runs more risk of being arrested. 他冒着被逮捕的更大危险。

run/take a risk/risks: do sth. that involves the possibility of failure, danger,
etc. 冒险〔做可能失败、有危险的事〕
a. You can’t get rich without taking risks. 你不冒险就不能发财。

b. That’s a risk I’m prepared to take. 那是我准备好甘愿去冒的危险。

risky: adj. full of danger; full of potential for failure, loss, etc. 充满危险的；
很可能失败或损失的
a. a risky undertaking 一项充满风险的事业
3. definitive: clear and having final authority; that cannot or need not be changed
明确的；最后的；具有权威性的；不可改变的
a.Her book is the definitive work on Milton.她的书是论述米尔顿最具权威性的
作品。

b. a definitive answer, solution, verdict 最后的正式答复,解答,判决
Cf. definite: 1> clear, not doubtful 明确的,无疑的
a. I want a definite answer, "yes" or "no". 我要一个明确的回答：‘是’还是‘否’。

2> <used as a predicate> 〔作表语〕
a. He seemed definite about what had happened. 他对发生的情况似乎很肯定。

b. It’s now definite that the plane crashed. 现在可以肯定飞机已经坠毁。

4. rather than: prep. <followed by n./ v./ pron etc.> in preference to sb./sth;
instead of 其后的成分表示否定概念,意为"与其…不如,宁可…而不,
不是…而是"
a. She is a writer rather than a teacher. 她是一名作家,而不是一名教师。

b. The old man lay rather than sat in the chair. 那位老人躺在椅子上,而不是坐
在椅子上。

c. I rather than you, should shoulder the responsibility. 我应该承担这个责任,
而不是你。

d. Rather than risk breaking up his marriage he told his wife everything. 他
宁可冒离婚的危险,也把一切告诉了他妻子。

would/had rather…<than do sth>.: <usu. shortened to ‘d rather> prefer to 宁可,
宁愿
a.I’drather walk than take a bus. 我宁可走路,也不愿坐公共汽车。

b.She’d rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿自己死去,也不愿失去孩子们。

Cf. rather…than: 意为"宁愿…而不,与其说…还不如说",rather 后的成分表示肯定概念,than后的成分表否定概念
a.I would rather you settle the problem in private than by law. 我宁愿你把这
件事私下了结,而不要去诉诸法律。

b.It is rather pleasant than tasteful. 与其说它文雅,不如说它赏心悦目。

c.He would rather remain obscure than get fame in such a despicable way. 他宁
可默默无闻,也不愿意用这种可耻的手段去沽名钓誉。

5. may well: be very likely to 很可能
a. She may well refuse to speak to you, because she’s in a very bad mood. 她
很可能拒绝与你说话,因为她心情很不好。

Cf. may/might as well: advise sb. to take certain actions 不妨
a.It is very late, so you may/might as well go to bed. 现在很晚了,因此你不妨
上床睡觉吧。

b.She said that I might as well apply for the job. 她让我不妨申请一下这份工
作。

6. have a feel for: have a sensitive appreciation or an easy understanding of sth.
对某物有感受力
a. She has a good feel for languages. 她很有学语言的天才。

7. oppose: express strong disapproval of or disagreement with sth./sb. esp. with
the aim of preventing or changing a course of action 强烈反对；不赞成
或不同意
a. He opposed the proposal to build a new hall. 他反对建造新礼堂的提议。

be opposed to sth./doing sth.: be strongly against sth. 强烈反对的
a. She seems very much opposed to your going abroad. 看来她极力反对你出国。

as opposed to: in contrast to 与…相；与…成对比
a. I am here on business as opposed to a holiday. 我不是在度假,相反,我是在此
执行公务。

Cf .object to sb./sth./doing sth.: say that one is not in favor of sb./sth.; protest 不赞成；反对
a.I object to such treatment/to being treated like this. 我反对这样的对待。

b.I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive. 我反对这项计
划,理由是费用过于庞大。

8. sensible: 1> having or showing good sense; reasonable 判断力强的；明智的；明事理的
a.It was sensible of you tolock the door. 你把门锁上很明智。

b.She gave me some sensible advice. 她给了我一些很明智的劝告。

2> [pred] aware of sth.知道；觉察到
a. Are you sensible of the dangers of your position? 你感到你的处境危险了吗？Cf.sensitive: easily offended or emotionally upset 易于被冒犯的或情绪容易波动的
a. He is very sensitive about being small, so don’t mention it.他对自己个
子小很敏感,因此不要提与那一点。

b. A writer mustn’t be too sensitive to criticism. 作家不应该对于批评太敏感。

2. Pre-reading recruitment
1> Issue discussion: Have you ever experienced some risky situation?
2> text-relevant questions: a. what kinds of risks do people fear in their daily lives?
b. are risks a matter of probability or certain?
c. how to evaluate which risks are safer?
d. is there any way reducing the rations of risks?
3. Ss are 18 minutes to finish reading in class, and then 10 more minutes are given to them to finish the comprehension questions of ex.1 & 2 on p.251-253.
4. Text analyses
1> General comprehension: checking answers for comprehension questions
2> Grammatical points
And from these treatments come questions <L.6-7> 以介词短语为首的句子要倒装
eg. From the room came the sound of children singing. <屋里传来孩子们的歌声> Only on campus make her calm down. <只有呆在校园里才能使她平静>
此外以否定词为首通常也倒装,如hardly, nor, no sooner than…
difficult sentences:
"And from these treatments…" <L.6-7>
"But what if…thus causing an...occurred otherwise?" <L.20-21>
"If you are…exposures." <L.57-58>
Important structures
1. Some people just have to hear about a new disease and they begin checking themselves to see if they may be suffering from it.<L2>
2. And from these threatscome questionsthat we must pose to ourselves. <L6>
3. But what if you get hit from the side and end up trapped inside the vehicle, unable to escape because of a damaged seat belt mechanism? <L17>
4. The answer is that you are roughly twice as likely to die in a serious crash in
a small car than in a large one. <L30>
5. The larger this ratio, that is, the closer it is to 1, the riskier the activity in question. <L50>
6. …the latter turns out to be four times riskier than the former. <L56> Assignment: exercises for in-class reading, after-class reading
After-Class Reading
Passage I: Health Risks
1.prefer: choose sth. rather than sth. else; like sth. better 较喜欢；更喜欢；
宁愿
a.I prefer walking to cycling. 我喜欢步行胜过骑自行车。

b.I would prefertea to coffee. 茶和咖啡,我更喜欢茶。

c.She prefers to be alone. 她喜欢独处。

d.Their father prefers them to be home early. 他们的父亲愿意他们早回家。

e.I prefer walking alone. 我喜欢独自散步。

preferable adj. <not used with more> more desirable or suitable ；较合人意的；
较好的
a.He finds country life preferable to livingin the city. 他觉得住在乡下比城
里好。

b.Anything was preferable to that dreadful noise in the house. 什么也比住房
里那讨厌的喧闹声好。

2.show up: arrive, often after a delay; appear 到场〔经常在延误一段时间后〕；露
面
a.It was ten o’clock when he finally showed up. 到十点钟,他才露面。

b.We were hoping for a full team today but only five players showed up. 我们
原希望今天全队人员到齐,但仅有五名选手到场。

Cf.show off: try to impress others with one’s abilities, wealth, intelligence, etc.炫耀；卖弄
a.Do stop showing off—it’s embarrassing. 千万不要再卖弄了---那令人难为情。

b.The child danced around the room, showing off to everybody. 那个孩子在屋各
处跳舞,向每个人炫耀。

3.differ: 1>be unlike; not the same as sb./sth. 不同；有异
a.The brothers differ widely in their tastes. 这兄弟几个情趣大不相同。

b.In this respect, French differs from English./French and English differ. 在
这方面,法语和英语不同。

2> disagree; not share the same opinion 不同意；意见不同
a.I’m sorry to differ with you on that. 对不起,关于那个问题我和你看法不一
致。

b.We differ on many things. 我们在很多事情上意见不同。

different adj. not the same <as sb./sth.> 与…不一样的
a.Their tastes are different from/to mine. 他们的情趣和我的不同。

b.He is very different from/to his brother. 他和他的兄弟大不相同。

indifferent: having no interest in sb./sth.; not caring about sb./sth.; neither for nor against sb./sth. 对…不感兴趣的；漠不关心的；不重视的
a.How can you be indifferent to the sufferings of starving people? 你对忍饥
挨饿的人的苦难怎么能漠不关心？
b.Some explorers are quite indifferent to the dangers of their journey. 有
些探险家对旅途中的危险毫不介意。

4.make sense: 1> have an understandable meaning 有意义；有道理
a.What you say makes no sense. 你的话没有道理。

b.These words don’t make sense.这些话毫无疑义。

2> be sensible 明智的
a. It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones
are just as good. 这些便宜的外衣质量同样好,偏要买那件贵的是不明智的。

b. It would make sense to leave early. 早点走是明智的。

Cf. make sense of: understand sth. difficult or apparently meaningless 弄懂
a. Can you make sense of these poems? 你读得懂这首诗吗？
5. claim: 1> demand or request sth. because it is or one believes it is one’s right
or one’s property〔根据权利〕要求；认领
a.She claims ownership of the land. 她提出她对那块土地拥有所有权。

b.After the Duke’s death, his eldest son claimed the title. 公爵死后,他的长
子要求承袭爵位。

2> demand money under an insurance policy, as compensation, etc. 索赔
a. You can always claim for damages. 你永远都能要求赔偿损失。

3> state or declare sth. as a fact <without being able to prove it>; assert
声称；自称
a.After the battle both sides claimed victory. 战斗之后双方都宣称取得了胜利。

b.She claims to be related to the Queen. 她自称与皇后有亲戚关系。

4> <of a disaster, an accident, etc.> cause the loss or death of sb. 〔指
灾难或事故〕造成损失；招致伤亡
a. The earthquake claimed thousands of lives/victims. 地震致使几千人死亡。

Passage II: Risks from Nature and Technology
1. come to 1> reach a point at which one realizes, understands, believes, etc. 终
于认识,明白相信等
a.She had come to see the problem in a new light. 她终于对这个问题有了新的认
识。

b.I have come to believe that the government’s economic policy is misguided.
我终于认识到政府的经济政策有失误。

2> arrive at a place where the speaker or writer is or at a place being
referred to by him到达；来到
a.They came to a river. 他们来到一条河边。

b.I’ve come to collect my book./for my book. 我来取我的书。

come to nothing/not come to anything: have no useful or successful result; be
a complete failure无效；毫无结果；一场空
a.All her plans have come to nothing. 她的计划全盘落空了。

b.How sad that his efforts should come to nothing. 他的努力毫无成效,多么令
人伤心啊！
come to oneself: return to one’s normal state 恢复正常；醒悟过来；恢复知觉
a. The shock made her hesitate for a moment but she quickly come to herself.
震惊使她迟疑了一会儿,但是很快就恢复过来。

2.evolve: 1>cause to develop naturally and usu. gradually 〔使〕演化；〔使〕演
变
a.The American constitution was planned; the British constitution evolved.美
国的宪法是按计划制定的；而英国的宪法是自然演进的。

b.He has evolved a new theory after many years of research 经过多年研究,他.
逐渐发展出一种新学说。

2> <of plants, animals, etc.> gradually develop from a simple form to a
more complex one 进化
a. Many Victorians were shocked by the notion that Man had evolved from lower
forms of life.许多维多利亚时代的人对人是从较低级生命形式进化而来的见解感到震惊。

3. no doubt: very probably 很可能
a. No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way. 无疑他原
意是要帮忙,但事实上他正好碍事。

without <a> doubt: certainly 肯定地；无疑地
a. He is without doubt the cleverest student I’ve ever taught. 毫无疑问,他
是我所教过的最聪明的学生。

beyond a/any/all doubt: certainly 肯定地；毫无疑问地
a. She was beyond all doubt the finest singer of her day. 毫无疑问,她是那个时代最杰出的歌唱家。

doubt: v. feel uncertain about sth.; question the truth of sth. 怀疑；不相信；拿不准
a.I don’t doubtthat he’ll come. <I’m sure he will come.> 我不怀疑他会来。

b.I doubt whether he’ll come. 我怀疑他是否能来。

c.I doubt if that was what he wante
d. 我拿不准那是不是他所需要的。

4. reflect: 1> <esp. passive> <of a mirror, etc.> make a visible image of sb./sth; <of a surface>throw back <light, heat, sound, etc.> 〔镜中〕反映出…的影象
a.He looked at his face reflected in the mirror. 他看着自己在镜中反映出的面
孔。

b.The moon shines with reflected light. 月球是借反射阳光而发光的。

2> show the nature of or express sth. 表达；表现…的性质；与…一致
a.Her sad looks reflected the nature of her thoughts. 她忧郁的面容反映她思想
的特征。

b.The literature of a period reflects its values and tastes. 一个时期的文学
反映该时期的价值和情趣。

3> <no passive> think deeply about, or remind oneself of, past events;
consider 思考考虑
a.I need time to reflect on your offer. 我需要时间来考虑你的建议。

b.She reflected on his argument for a long time. 对他的论点她考虑了很长时间。

reflection: n. thing reflected, esp. an image in a mirror, still water, etc 被反射或反映的物〔尤指镜中或静水中的映象〕
a. Under the bright moonlight, people can see the reflection of the trees in
the lake. 在明亮的月光下,人们可以看到湖中树木的倒影。

Cf. shade: <place where there is > comparative darkness and often coolness caused by sth. blocking direct light or heat, esp. of the sun 荫,荫凉处
a. Stay in the shade—it’s cooler. 呆在荫凉处—那儿凉爽。

b. The trees give some welcome shade from the sun. 绿树遮住了阳光形成人们喜
欢的荫凉。

shadow: <patch of > shade caused by an object blocking direct rays of light 阴影,影子
a.The chair casts a shadow on the wall. 椅子的影子投在墙上。

b.Shadows are longer when the sun is low in the sky. 太阳在天空中低时影子长。

on reflection: after reconsidering sth. 再考虑后
a.On further reflection, I saw that she might be right, after all. 经过进一
步考虑我终于认为她可能是正确的。

b.She decided, on reflection, to accept the offer. 重新考虑后,她决定接受这建
议。

Important Structures
1. Although this is short-sighted, it does make sense to discount long-term risks more than short-term ones. <L19>
2. That criticism fails to consider the fact that…, bad as that is, might suggest. <L45>
3. Put differently, finding a cure for AIDS would be likely to add about 25 to 30 years to the life of each potential victim. <L48>
4. Other things being equal, the sooner a risk causes damage or death, the more that risk is to be avoided. <L58>
Passage II: Risks from Nature and Technology
1. If we have been able to ….., that is because we have been clever enough to contrive ways of delaying the decay, disease, and destruction that is inflicted on us by nature. <L16>
2. It has been estimated that we consume 10,000 times as many natural pesticides as artificial ones. <L22>
3. In fact,such studies as there are raise doubts about the commonly assumed risks of some pollutants. <L44>
4. To qualify as a possible human carcinogen, …. even allowing for differences in body weight.<L55>
Paraphrase the following sentences:
In-Class Reading: Risks and You
1. Some people just have to hear about a new disease and they begin checking themselves to see if they may be suffering from it. <L2>
2. Our uncertainties multiply indefinitely. <L8>
3. In both, the fear or anxiety feeds on partial information. <L10>
4. Again, in head-on collisions, it may well save your life. <20>.
5. But the fact that there are risks associated with everything we are going to do does not, or should not, reduce us to trembling neurotics. <L25>
6. But how much safer? <L29>
7. If you are reckless, then you are not likely to be afraid of higher ratios unless
they get uncomfortably large. <L59>
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
After-Class Reading
Passage I: Health Risks
1. Wha t makes today’s preoccupation with health slightly surprising is that Americans are far healthier now than they have ever been. <L3>
2. Cancer induced by smoking or exposure to radiation, on the other hand, may take 20 to 30 years before its catastrophic effects show up. <L13>
3. In making choices about health risks, therefore, it is important to bear in mind the likely time lag between taking a risk and suffering its consequences. <L15>
4. After all, when virtually any of us is confronted with the choice of doing something likely to kill us today versus doing something likely to kill us in two decades, the choice is going to be the lesser of the two evils. <L 20>
5. It is frequently argued that money devoted to medical research on curing diseases should be divided up on the basis of the number of lives lost to each disease. <L41>
6. The assessment of the seriousness of a risk changes, depending upon whether we ask how many lives it claims or how many YPLLs it involves. <L52>
Passage II: Risks from Nature and Technology
1. They have evolved these toxic—in many cases, carcinogenic—defenses against
insects and other predators over millions of years. <L21>
2. Such studies are difficult to perform because there are too many variables outside
our control. <L35>。