人教新目标八上英语 Unit 1 Section A知识点和练习

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? Section A
一、课堂内容
（一）语法导学
复合不定代词
①什么是复合不定代词？
复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing，-where所组成的不定代词。

※注意：
◆复合不定代词若作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数.
例：I am new here, so nobody knows me. (我是新来的，因此没人认识我。

）
Somebody is waiting for you at the gate. (有人在门口等你。

)
◆形容词修饰不定代词时，该形容词必须后置。

Something strange happened in our neighborhood. (我们小区发生了一些奇怪的事情。

）There’s nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. (世上无难事，只怕有心人)
Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗？
Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗？
③含some-和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别
由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即something和anything；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。

◆something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。

如：He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。

Anything else ？还有什么吗？
I don’t see anybody on the island. 在岛上，我没遇见任何人。

◆在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用some-复合不定代词。

如: Would you like something to eat？要些吃的东西吗？
Isn’t there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗？
◆当anything表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。

如：Anything is OK. 什么都行。

Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。

④复合不定代词的否定
部分否定是考试中的热门考点，常表达的结构有两种：1：not+全部肯定词2：助动词+not+全部肯定词。

其意都为“并非都，不都”。

前者是一般形态，如：Not everyone likes English. 由于是基本概念，学生比较容易理解。

但后者和一般否定句比较相似，容易引起学生判断上的疑惑，是出题的焦点。

1．I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A. everything B: anything C. something D. nothing
分析：有同学看到I don’t agree就判断是否定句，选B, anything .这就是对句子理解出现了偏差。

句意是：我同意你所说的大部分，但不是全部。

是一句典型的部分否定形式。

not…everything 的结构表明“并非每件事”。

所以正确答案是A. everything 。

2．----The exam was difficult, wasn’t it?
----No, but I don’t think ______ could pass it.
A. somebody
B. anybody
C. nobody D everybody
分析：同上题一样，不能将I don’t think 简单得看成否定句而选B. anybody。

“not…everybody”构成部分否定，既“并非所有的人都能通过”。

所以应该选D. everybody。

◆“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。

例：Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。

The teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。

◆“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。

例：He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。

= He listened, but didn’t hear anything.
You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话，是吗？
= You have called no one/nobody up, have you?
【练习】
() 1.I’m hungry.I want______to eat.
A.anything
B.something
C.everything
D.nothing
() 2.—Do you have______to say for yourself?
—No,I have______to say.
A.something;everything
B.nothing;something
C.everything;anything
D.anything;nothing
() 3.Why not ask______to help you?
A.everyone
B.someone
C.anyone
D.none
() 4.Everything______ready.We can start now.
A.are
B.is
C.be
D.were
() 5.There’s______with his eyes.He’s OK.
A.anything wrong
B.wrong something
C.nothing wrong
D. wrong nothing
() 6.—The story is so amazing!It’s the most interesting story I’ve ever read.
—But I’m afraid it won’t be liked by______.
A.everybody
B.somebody
C.anybody
D.nobody
()7.She listened carefully,but heard______.
A.anyone
B.someone
C.everyone
D.nothing
()8.I agree with most of what you said,but I don’t agree with
______.
A.everything
B.anything
C.something
D.nothing
()9.—Everyone is here today,______?
—No,Han Mei isn’t here.She’s ill.
A.isn’t it
B.isn’t he
C.are they
D.isn’t everyone
()10.Everything goes well,______?
A.is it
B.isn’t it
C.do they
D.doesn’t it
（二）重点短语句子解析
Section A 知识讲解
go on vacation?你去哪里度假了？（P1）
1）这是有疑问副词where引导的特殊疑问句，where用来询问地点和场所，放在句首，其后跟一般疑问句。

a._____ do you _____ ______?你从哪里来？
b._____ does he______?他住在哪里？
2）go on vacation意为“去度假”。

I want ____ ____ ____ _________in Hainan this winter.今年冬天我想去海南度假。

3). 在度假be on vacation (表状态) I ___ _____ ___________ in Hainan。

我正在海南度假。

vacation 同义词_____________________.
my uncle看望了我的叔叔（P1）
visit是及物动词.，意为“拜访；探望”,后接表示人的名词或代词。

visit还可以意为“参观；游览”，后接表示地点的名词。

a.I ________ my grandmother last week. 上周我去______了我的外婆。

b. Do you want to_________ Shanghai? 你想______上海吗？
拓展：1）visit可用作名词，意为“访问，参观，拜访”
eg: This is my first visit to China._________________
2)visitor意为“参观者；游客”。

eg: These ___________ come from America.
（P2）
1）buy及物动词，意为“买；购买”。

其过去式为______。

I spent a lot of money ___________a house. 我花了一大笔钱买了一座房子。

拓展：buy sth. for sb.=buy sb. sth.意为“给某人买某物”。

My uncle_________ _____a bike.= My uncle_________ _____for me. (过去式)
2)anything不定代词，意为“某事；某件东西”，主要用于疑问句或否定句中。

a.Do you want anything from me?
b.I can’t say anything about it.
拓展：anything表示“任何事；任何东西”时，主要用于肯定句。

You can ask me anything you want to know.
3) anthing special表示“特别的东西”，形容词修饰不定代词时后置。

a. Is there_____ _____in this book?这本书里有新的内容吗？
b . Do you want ________________？别的一些东西
“在任何地方”。

Did you go___________ during the summer vacation？
辨析：anywhere与somewhere
Anywhere“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。

eg:I can’t find it ______________. Somewhere“在某处；到某处”，常用于肯定句中。

eg:I lost my key _____________ near here.
5、P2）
wonderful形容词，意为“极好的；精彩的；绝妙的”。

b.I had a wonderful weekend.
6 .there.我们在那里拍了不少照片。

（P2）
take a photo/ take photos意为“照相；拍照”。

eg:We______ ______on the Great Wall.我们在长城上照了相。

辨析：quite a few与quite a little
quite a few“相当的;不少”，修饰quite a little“相当的;不少”，修饰不可数名词。

a.He will stay here for _____ _____ _____days.
b.There is _____ _____ _____water in the bottle(瓶子).
7. a few；few；a little；little
①a few，few修饰可数名词，a little，little修饰不可数名词。

其中a few，a little表示肯定，意
为“有一些”；few，little表示否定，意为“几乎没有”。

very few和very little意为“很少”。

1. There is ___________ milk left in the bottle. 在瓶子里有点剩余的牛奶。

2. There is___________ milk left in the bottle. 瓶子里几乎没有牛奶了。

3. ____________ people know him in the city. 在这个城市很少有人认识他。

4. There's __________ time left.几乎没有时间了。

5. He has ___________friends though he was just new here.
6. She bought____________ apples because there weren’t any at home.
P2）
“大部分时间”，most为代词，意为“大部分；大多数；大体上”。

a.It’s noisy here most of the time.这儿大部分时间是很喧闹的。

b.Most of the time Alan studies hard.艾伦大部分时间学习都很刻苦。

拓展：most of…“…中的大多数”，作主语时，谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词。

a. Most of us_____(be)going to the park.我们大多数人要去公园。

b. Most of the food_____(go)bad.大部分的食物都变质了。

9 . Everything tasted really good!所有的东西尝起来真的很好吃！（P3）
taste在此为系动词，意为“尝起来”，其后接形容词构成系表结构。

a.The food________ really great.食物尝起来棒极了。

b.The milk______ terrible.牛奶尝起来很糟糕。

为连系动词。

2. 行为动词：“尝、品尝某物”Please taste the fish.
3. taste 可作名词，意为“味道、品尝”。

Please have a taste of尝尝this tea. Sugar has a sweet taste. 糖有甜味。

I don’t like the taste of the onions.
10 .Did everyone have a good time?大家都玩得很开心吗？（P3）
玩得开心（+ doing）
eg:We had _____________________(visit) the the Great Wall.
= We e_________________________(visit)the the Great Wall.
= We h_________________(visit) the the Great Wall.
你觉得它怎么样？（P3）
How do/did you like…?意为“你觉得……怎么样？”，用来询问对方的观点或看法，相当于What do you think of…?或How do you feel about…?
eg:How do you like your new job? = _____ _____ _____ _____ your new job?
= _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ your new job?
12 .（P3）
go shopping意为“去购物；去买东西”，同义短语为do some shopping.
eg:I usually go shopping on Sundays.我通常星期天去购物。

拓展：“go+doing”形式表示“去做某事”，常用于表达从事某一体育活动或休闲活动。

go bike riding 骑自行车旅行go climbing去爬山go skating去滑冰
go sightseeing去观光go fishing去钓鱼go skateboarding去进行滑板运动
go camping去野营go surfing去冲浪go boating去划船
13 .P3）
friend’s是名词所有格形式。

一般情况下，表示“有生命的人或物”的名词后面加’s，表示所属关系。

eg:The red bike is _______.那辆红色的自行车是爱丽斯的。

拓展：名词所有格的构成：
1）单数名词词尾加“’s”，复数名词词尾没有s,也要加“’s”：
the girl ‘s pen女孩的钢笔women’s shoes女鞋on Children’s Day
2）复数名词以s结尾的只加“’”the students’ reading room学生阅览室Teachers’ Day
3）如果两个名词后分别有’s，则表示“分别有”；只后一个名词有一个’s，则表示“共有”：_________ and ___________ __________-约翰和凯特（各自）的房间
_________________________ father莉莉和露西的爸爸
4）表示无生命的名词一般与of构成短语，表示所有关系
a map ______ China一幅中国地图the name ____ the story那个故事的名字
“没什么事可做”。

（P3）
a.I have_____ _____ _____ _____this afternoon.今天下午我没什么特殊的事可做。

b.There is_____ _____ _____ _____，so I go to bed early.没什么事可做，因此我就早早睡觉了。

后可接名词或动词原形。

a.I had nothing but _____________________ this morning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。

b.I had nothing to do but________________.我无事可做，只有看电视。

15 .Still no one seem ed to be bored.(即使这样)仍然没有人看起来无聊。

（P3）
1）seem可作不及物动词或系动词，意为“好像；似乎；看来”。

eg：Everything ____________ easy.一切似乎很容易。

拓展：a. seem+adj.“看起来……”。

You seem happy today.你今天看起来很高兴。

b. seem+to do sth.“似乎，好像做某事”。

I seem to have a cold.我似乎感冒了。

c. It seems/seemed+从句“看起来好像…；似乎…”。

It seems that no one believes you.看起来好像没有人相信你。

It seems that he is happy today.
d. seem (like)…“好像，似乎……”。

It seems (like) a good idea.它好像是个好主意。

e. seem+to do sth. 与It seems/seemed+从句de 互换
I seem to have a cold. =It seems that I have a cold.
一切似乎很容易。

Everything seems easy.=It __________________________
He seems (to be) a boring man.= It __________________________________
2）辨析：bored与boring
a. bored意为“厌烦的；感到无聊的”，一般在句中修饰人，作表语
b. boring意为“无聊的；令人厌烦的”，一般在句中修饰事或物，可作表语和定语
eg：a.I’m _____with what he said. b.I find the story very_____.我发现这个故事太无聊了。

1. The old man taught himself English. 那位老人自学英语。

（做动词宾语）
2. The little cow was itself again. 那只小母牛又恢复了原状。

3. I myself visited my aunt last weekend. 我自己去拜访了我的姑姑。

（做同位语）
二、课堂检测
（一）阅读理解(每小题2分，共20分)
A
Some years ago there was an old woman.She had no children because she did not like children at all.But she loved cats.She had mother cats and baby cats.She had black cats and white cats.The children in the neighborhood came to her house to play with the cats.More and more cats came to the old woman's house.There were too many cats.The old woman couldn't (不能)feed them all.Then she had an idea(主意)．“The children love my cats，” she thought(想)．So she gave each child a cat.Then she was very happy.And the children were very happy，too.And the cats were pleased，too，because they each had a room.
26．The old woman didn't like______.
A．old cats B．baby cats
C．old people D．children
27．Why did the children come to the woman's house?
A．To look at her house. B．To help the old woman.
C．To play with the cats. D．To buy young cats.
28．The word “feed” in the passage means______.
A．give food to B．look after
C．live with D．play games
29．The woman gave each child a cat because______.
A．the children liked the cats B．she couldn't feed so many cats
C．more cats came to her house D．children came to her house very day
30．Finally(最后)the woman______.
A．began to love children
B．sold(卖掉)all her cats to children
C．bought enough food for the children's cats
D．could get enough(足够的)food for the cats in her house
B
Bill and Sue were brother and sister.They studied in the same school.One day，on their way home they saw some nice birds.But they had no money to buy them.
Sue had a good idea.On Saturday and Sunday they went to their farm and helped their father pick apples.So their father gave them twenty dollars.
Sue and Bill went to Mr.King's shop after school.Every one of them bought a bird.One is yellow.The other is green.The yellow one is smaller than the green one.They liked them very much.
31．Bill was Sue's ______.
A．father B．motherC．brother D．sister
32．______ they went to work for money.
A．Every day B．After schoolC．At night D．On Saturday and Sunday
33．They helped their father ______ on the farm.
A．clean the room B．pick applesC．water the trees D．cook supper
34．Bill and Sue bought ______ in Mr.King's shop.
A．two dogs B．two applesC．two birds D．apples
35．The green bird was ______ than that yellow one.
A．bigger B．cheaperC．better D．smaller
（二）用所给词的正确形式填空(每小题1分，共10分)
36．My mother and I ______(be)in Beijing last Sunday.
37．We ______(see)an interesting movie on TV yesterday.
38．Did they go to the beach with ______(someone)?
39．I think the movie is too ______(wonder)．
40．Jack，please help ______(you) to some fruit.
41．We all like the activity and nobody gets ______(boring)．
42．I want to make my ______(decide) for myself.
43．They are ______(difference) from each other.
44．His brother really enjoyed ______(walk) in the rain.
45．Hurry up！Tom ______(wait) for you in the office.
三、课后作业
三）补全对话，有两项多余(每小题2分，共10分)
A
B：Oh.I went to Xi'an with my parents.
A：That's a beautiful city.46.______
B：We went to some museums and ate some delicious food.
A：47.______
B：They were very friendly to us.
A：Did you go to Xi'an Zoo?
B：Yes，we did.We saw monkeys，tigers，lions and so on.That was interesting！48.______ A：Well，I didn't go anywhere.49.______
B：Why not go out?
A：50.______
B：You are really a bookworm!
四）书面表达(15分)
根据所给中英文提示词，写一篇60词左右的文章，注意时态。

提示：昨天，天气晴朗，七班的同学去公园植树了，同学们互相帮助，他们在那里度过了愉快的一天。

1．yesterday，sunny
2．Class 7，plant trees
3．get there，nine，morning，work hard，help each other，back，four，afternoon 4．tired，happy，have fun
_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Ⅰ.
(一) A
答案：26.D点拨：据句子“She had no children because she did not like children at all.”可知。

27．C点拨：据句子“The children in the neighborhood came to her house to play with the cats.”可知。

28．A点拨：喂。

29．B点拨：据句子“There were too many cats.The old woman couldn't feed them all.”可知。

30．D点拨：因为她送给孩子们一些猫，猫少了，就有食物了。

B
答案：31．C点拨：因为他们是兄妹关系。

32．D点拨：第二段第二句话告诉了我们。

33．B点拨：由“On Saturday and Sunday they went to their farm and helped their father pick apples.”可知。

34．C点拨：每人一只，两人就两只。

35．A点拨：由句子“The yellow one is smaller than the green one.”可知。

（二）
答案：36.were37.saw38.anyone39.wonderful40.yourself41.bored42.decision 43.different44.walking45.is waiting
（三）答案：46.D47.A48.C49.G50.E
（四）
答案：It was Saturday yesterday.The weather was sunny.Students of Class 7 went to the park to plant trees.They got there at nine in the morning.They worked very hard and helped each other.They went back to school at four in the afternoon.They were tired but happy.They had fun planting trees all day.。