Biodiversity Conservation Perceived Threats to Agr

May 31-June 2, 2019
B. Realities of Developing Countries suggests need for specialized strategies
1. Political realities underline different constituencies, comparative advantages of the development partners, and needs for different approaches
- Measurement problem - Like poverty, biodiversity is multidimensional - genes, species, landscapes - Changes in one dimension may induce negative changes in other - What are the tradeoffs?
2. If land is limited, must increase use of other resources - pollution and monoculture
3. Export driven development strategies often harmful
4. Biotechnophobia vs. the new Green Revolution
May 31-June 2, 2019
A. Contradictions, Complications and Controversies involved in combined efforts
1. Working for development at cross-purposes - Secure tenure vs. ‘taking’
Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Symposium
Punta Cana, DR
May 31-June 2, 2019
Unfortunately, Ag/NRM Intensification often Conflicts with Biodiversity Conservation
- coordination, not necessarily collaboration
2. Governance realities of biodiversity conservation programs imply high transaction costs
3. Economic realities constrain potential impacts - Market failure - Environmental Kuznets Curve
- 800 million ‘hungry’ - 2 billion ‘extremely poor’ - 3 billion ‘poor’ - 3 billion more people to feed in next 40-50 years
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Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Symposium
Punta Cana, DR
May 31-June 2, 2019
来自百度文库
Biodiversity and Agriculture: an Adversarial Relationship
“Man against Nature”
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Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Symposium
Punta Cana, DR
- Should everybody do both?
Potential Roles for Ag/NRM Projects: Alternative Development Hypotheses
- Based on Adams, et. al. - hypotheses based on core beliefs rather than science
- Nevertheless, movement to ‘mainstream’ - Ag and NRM intensification projects and programs - Can we do both at the same time? - Should we do both at the same time?
Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Symposium
Punta Cana, DR
May 31-June 2, 2019
C. Long-term evidence of ‘win-win’ solutions?
- Is such evidence possible? - models vs. empirical data (how long is long enough?)
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Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Symposium
Punta Cana, DR
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Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Symposium
Punta Cana, DR
Considering Biodiversity Threats to Production
Agriculture: A Search for Balance in Program
Strategy
Mike Bertelsen Associate Director, Office of International Research,
-Multidimensionality of poverty acknowledged
- Development seen as the primary means of poverty reduction - Intensifying Agriculture and NRM recognized as a key driver
- Last 10-12,000 years - Man characterized as the antagonist or destroyer
“Nature against Man”
- Nature as the ‘bad guy’ - Long, precarious struggle to control nature - The struggle continues…
May 31-June 2, 2019
2. Poverty is a Critical Constraint on Conservation
- poverty must be addressed first
- conservation programs must contribute to poverty alleviation - demonstrate net benefits to poor/disadvantaged
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Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Symposium
Punta Cana, DR
Education, and Development Associate Dean, College of Agriculture and Life
Sciences Virginia Tech
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• Implications for CRSPs: - Focus on intensifying AG/NRM productivity - Commodity CRSPs: minimize any biodiversity burdens - Environmentally-related systems CRSPs (IPM/SANREM) - lead CRSP efforts to understand and deal with comprehensive interventions and tradeoffs
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Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Symposium
Punta Cana, DR
May 31-June 2, 2019
Should we do both Ag/NRM intensification and biodiversity conservation together?
- Good reasons to be skeptical
- Nevertheless biodiversity conservation IS important and we (CRSPs, projects) need to play our role.
- “Environmental Sustainability” is another MDG
- Biodiversity conservation key
Our charge under MDG is sustainably produce more for each unit of land
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Biodiversity Conservation in Agriculture Symposium
Punta Cana, DR
May 31-June 2, 2019
Millennium Development Goals of the UN - Global consensus and partnership for development Poverty Reduction is the #1 MDG
4. Technology transfer realities suggest different strategies/actors - Simple vs Complex
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May 31-June 2, 2019
1. Poverty and Conservation are Separate Domains
• problems are fundamentally different
• pursue both but do so independently
• example: ‘hot spot’ protected areas