2018年高考英语天津专版二轮复习文档：专题三 阅读理解 第三节 题组3 含答案

A
(2017·河西区二模)
Airpollutionisgettingmoreandmoreseriousinmanyplacesaroundtheworld.Thefactth atpublicparksincitiesbecomecrowdedprovesthatpeoplelongtobreatheingreen，openspaces.And，inthesesurroundings，theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.Itisraretoseepeoplebeingatoddsorevenfi ghtinginagarden.Itseemstobeprovedthatifhumanbeingscanfreelybreatheandshareair，thereisnoprimaryreasonforthemtostrugglewithoneanother.
Butdoweonlysensewhatlifecouldbewhenweenjoygreenspaces?
Theplantworldsilentlyshowsuswhatareflectionoflifetruthfullyis.Italsohelpsus toanewbeginning，urgingustocareforourbreath.Wemust，inturn，careforit，opposinganysortofpollutionthatdestroysbothourworldandthatofplants.Theinterdepen dencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentioniswhatexistsbetweenourselvesandtheplant world.Oftendescribedas“thelungsoftheplanet”，thewoodsthatcovertheearthofferusthegiftofbreathableairbyreleasingoxygen.Butthei rcapacitytorenewtheairpollutedbyindustryhaslongreacheditslimit.Ifwecontinuetopo llutetheairbyfillingitwithchemicalsanddestroytheabilityofplantstorestoreitwewil lsoonpullourworldintoanunavoidabledisaster.
Humansmustlearntosharelife，bothwitheachotherandwithplants.Thistaskcanbecarriedoutonlywheneachtakesituponhe r-
orhimselfandonlywhenallworktogether.Thelessontaughtbyplantsisthathumanlifecanon lyexistwithnature.Wemustcometoviewtheair，theplantsandourselvesasthecontributorstotheprotectionoflifeandgrowth，ratherthanproductiveobjectswecanuseandthrowawayfreely.Perhapsthenwewouldfinally begintolive，ratherthanmerelysurvive.
语篇解读本文主要讲了为了保护地球，我们应共同努力，和谐地与植物世界共享生活。

1．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“beingatodds”mean?
A．Relaxing. B．Exercising.
C．Hurrying. D．Conflicting.
答案 D
解析词义猜测题。

根据上一句中的“...theyaregenerallybothpeacefulandpeaceable.”可知，他们是和平的，因此很少看到有人争吵或打架等，因此猜测“beingatodds”的意思为“起冲突”，故选D。

2．Accordingtothefirstparagraph，whatdoestheauthorsupposemightbetheprimaryreasonthatpeoplewouldstrugglewitheacho ther?
A．Togettheirshareofcleanair.
B．Topursueacomfortablelife.
C．Togainahighersocialstatus.
D．Toseekeconomicbenefits.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段最后一句“Itseemstobeprovedthatifhumanbeingscanfreelybreatheandshareair，thereisnoprimaryreasonforthemtostrugglewithoneanother.”可知，如果人们能自由地呼吸到新鲜空气，就没理由跟别人争斗，故选A。

3．Whatdoestheauthortrytodrawourclosestattentionto? A．Themassiveburningoffossilfuels.
B．Ourrelationshiptotheplantworld.
C．Thecapacityofplantstorenewpollutedair.
D．Large-scaledeforestationacrosstheworld.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据第三段第四句“Theinterdependencetowhichwemustpaytheclosestattentioniswhatexistsbetweenourse lvesandtheplantworld.”可知，作者最想让我们关注的是我们和植物世界的关系，故选B。

4．Howcanhumanbeingsachievethegoalofprotectingtheplanet，accordingtotheauthor? A．Byshowingrespectforplants. B．Bypreservingallformsoflife. C．Byconsumingallnaturalresources. D．Byallmakingtheireffortstogether.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

根据最后一段第二句“Thistaskcanbecarriedoutonlywheneachtakesituponher- orhimselfandonlywhenallworktogether.”可知，人类想实现保护星球这个目标就要团结一致共同努力，故选D。

5．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedoinordernottojustsurvive，butlivebetter? A．Expandtherangeofliving.
B．Developnature’spotentials.
C．Sharelifewithnature.
D．Explorenewresources.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据最后一段内容尤其是其第一句“Humansmustlearntosharelife，bothwitheachotherandwithplants.”可知，为了活得更好，我们应与自然分享生活。

故选C。

B
(2017·南开区二模)
Thetemperatureissharplyrisingwitheachpassingday.People，includingmanyexperts，finditdifficulttoslowdowntheprocess.However，leavingcoalandmajorfossilfuelsinthegroundcouldhelptolimitclimatechangeinthefutu re，accordingtoanewstudy.Thatistosay，athirdofoilreservesontheearth，halfofgasreservesandover80percentofcurrentcoalreservesshouldnotbeusedbeforethey ear2050.Ifwearetopreventglobaltemperaturesfromrisingabove2degreesCelsiusinthene arfuture，weoughttocarryoutsomemeasurestoseverelycontroltheemissionsfromfactories，vehiclesandevenourdaily-lifecooking.However，itisagoalthatseemstobeimpossibleinoureyes.
“Policymakersindifferentcountriesmustrealizethattheirattempttocompletelyus ethefossilfuelswithintheircountriesiswhollyincompatible(矛盾的) withtheirhopetoreachthe2-degreegoal，”DrChristopheMcGladeatUniversityCollegeLondon’sEnergyInstitutesaidinastatement.“Iftheygoaheadwithdevelopingtheirownresources，”headded，“theymustbeaskedwhichreserveselsewhereshouldremainunburnedinorderforthecarbonb udgetnottogobeyondthelimit.”
It’snotsurprisingtoseehowtappingintotheseunusedreserveswouldbeattractive.E nergy-relatedindustryisabigbusinessallovertheworld.TherearemanycoalreservesinCh ina，RussiaandtheUnitedStates，alongwithover260thousandmillionbarrelsofoilreservesintheMiddleEast.Nottomention paniesspentover
670billionlastyearintheexpansionoffossilfuels，butaccordingtothenewmodelusedinthislateststudy，developersmayneedtorethinktheirplanstodeveloptheseundergroundresourcessoastomak esomecontributionstocontroltheworldtemperaturefromrisinghighinthefuture.
“We’venowgotpracti calfiguresofthequantitiesandlocationsoffossilfuelsthats houldremainunusedintryingtokeepwithinthe2-degreetemperaturelimit，”addedMcGlade.Worldleadersandpolicymakersshouldtaketheadvicetoheart，becausearecentIPCCreportwarnedthatifimmediateandgreatactionsarenottakensoon，climatechangewillcauseirreversible(不可逆转的) impactsonenvironmentsworldwide，leavingtheworldanunsafeplaceforustolivein.
6．AccordingtoParagraph1，ourgoalisto. A．discovermorefossilfuelsforthefuturegeneration B．slowdowntheclimatechange
C．refusetousereservesontheearth
D．keepthetemperaturerisebelow2degreesCelsius
答案 D
解析细节理解题。

由首段中的“Ifwearetopreventglobaltemperaturesfromrisingabove2degreesCelsiusinthenearfutu re，weoughtto...”及“However，itisagoalthat...”可知答案为D。

7．Theunderlinedword“emissions”inParagraph1refersto“”．A．thingsthataresentoutintotheair
B．productsthataremadefromfossilfuels
C．factorsthatcausetheclimatechange D．changesthathappenaftertemperaturerise
答案 A
解析词义猜测题。

由前后语境可推知，画线词指的是“排放到空气中的物质”，故选A。

8．AccordingtowhatMcGladesaidinParagraph2，allcountriesshould. A．makefulluseoftheirfossilfuels
B．worktogethertowardsthe2-degreegoal
C．findbetterwaystodigoutthecoal
D．increasetheglobalcarbonbudget
答案 B
解析推理判断题。

通读第二段可推断出答案为B。

9．WecaninferfromParagraph3thatgreateffortshavebeenmadein. A．diggingouttheoilintheMiddleEast B．gettingpeopletorethinktheirfuelplans C．developingfossilfuelsaroundtheworld
D．developingenergy-relatedindustryworldwide
答案 C
解析推理判断题。

由第三段中的“tappingintotheseunusedreserves”，“intheexpansionoffossilfuels”及“developersmayneedtorethinktheirplanstodeveloptheseundergroundresources”可推断出答案为C。

10．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureoftemperaturecontrol? A．Confident. B．Negative.
C．Satisfied. D．Unclear.
答案 B
解析观点态度题。

由第一段首句和尾句及最后一段尾句可推测出作者对未来大气温度的控制持消极的态度。

C
(2017·天津一中3月考)
Styrofoam，orpolystyrene，isalight-weightmaterial，about95percentair，withverygoodinsulation(隔热) properties，accordingtoEarthsourceorg.Itisusedinproductsfromcupsthatkeepyourdrinkshotorcold topackagingmaterialthatprotectsitemsduringshipping.
Withtheabovegoodfeatures，Styrofoamstillenjoysabadreputation.Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasingdangerousp ollutionintotheair.TheU．S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencysaysitisthefifth-larges tcreatorofharmfulwaste.
Butnowthecommonwormswhichareusuallydisgustingcancometotherescue，specifically，mealworms.ScientistsfromtheU．S.andChinahavediscoveredthatmealwormscandigestpla stic.Onemealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.Studyco-authorWei-MinWu saysthatin24hours，theplasticisturnedintocarbondioxide.
SinceStyrofoamhasnonutritionatall，arethewormshurtbyeatingplastic?
Muchtothescientists’surprise，thestudyfoundthatwormseatingStyrofoamwereashealthyaswormseatingbran(谷糠)．Theresearcherswillstudytheworm’seatinghabitsanddigestingsystem，lookingtocopytheplasticbreakdownbutonalargerscale.Oncethewaycanbeputintopractic e，itwillmakearevolutionarydifferencetothedisposalofplastic.
“Solvingtheissueofplasticpollutionisimportant，”saysWu，aStanfordUniversityenvironmentalengineeringinstructor.Afterall，ourearthissmallandlandfillspaceisbecominglimitedwithtoomuchgarbagewaitingtobede altwith，hesays.
About33milliontonsofplasticarethrownawayintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Plasticp lates，cupsandcontainerstakeup25percentto30percentofspaceinAmerica’slandfills.OneStyr ofoamcuptakesmorethan1millionyearstorecycleinalandfill，accordingtoClevelandStateUniversity.
11．WhatdoweknowaboutStyrofoam?
A．Itcanbeusedtocooldrinks.
B．Itisaweightlessmaterial.
C．Itisharmfulwhenrecycled.
D．Itisusuallyusedonships.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

第二段第二句“Itcannotberecycledwithoutreleasingdangerouspollutionintotheair.”为双重否定，表达的是肯定的意思，即“它被回收时会向空气中释放危险的污染物”，故选C。

12．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph? A．Mealwormshaveamazingdigestingpower.
B．Mealwormsarenotbadintheirnature.
C．Mealwormscanrescuepeople’slives. D．Peoplemisunderstoodmealwormsinthepast.
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据第三段中“ScientistsfromtheU．S.andChinahavediscoveredthatmealwormscandigestplastic.One
mealwormcandigestapill-sizedamountofplasticaday.”可知，黄粉虫幼虫有令人惊奇的消化能力，故选A。

13．Whywillresearchersstudytheworm’seatinghabitsanddi gestingsystem? A．Tofindwaystohelpmealwormsgrowlarger. B．Toimitatetheirwaysofbreakingdownplastic. C．Tohelpdeveloptheirdigestingability. D．Tomakesureoftheirsafetyaftereatingplastic.
答案 B
解析推理判断题。

根据第五段中“lookingtocopytheplasticbreakdownbutonalargerscale (期望模仿塑料的分解但是在更大的规模上)”推断研究者是为了模仿这些虫子分解塑料的方式，故选B。

14．Inthefuture，plasticmayberecycled.
A．byraisingamountsofmealworms
B．byenvironmentalengineeringinstructors C．usingamethodinspiredbyeatingmealworms D．withoutsendingoutdangerouspollution
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

文章介绍了一种能够消化分解塑料的黄粉虫幼虫，研究者期待着模仿它们的分解和消化的方式从而解决回收利用塑料对环境造成的污染问题，故推断一旦模仿成功，塑料的回收利用就不会危害环境，故选D。

15．What’sthemainideaofthispassage?
A．Styrofoamiswidelyusedindailylife.
B．Mealwormsaregeniusateatingplastic. C．Plasticrecyclingmaybenomoreaproblem. D．Plasticcanbeturnedintocarbondioxide.
答案 C
解析主旨大意题。

文章中作者首先提出了问题——塑料的回收利用对环境造成污染；其次介绍了一种能消化分解塑料的虫子，并说明研究者期望通过理解和模仿从而最终解决塑料的回收利用对环境造成污染的问题；故说明也许塑料的回收利用不再是问题，故选C。

D
(2017·河东区二模)
InthedryNamibDesertonthewestcoastofAfrica，onetypeofbeetlehasfoundaspecialwayofsurviving.Whenthemorningfogarrives，theNamibBeetlecollectswaterdropsonitsbumpy(起伏不平的) back，
thenletsthewaterrolldownintoitsmouth，allowingittodrinkinanareawithoutflowingwater.
ShreerangChhatrewantstousewhatnaturehasdevelopedtohelptheworld’spoor.Chhat reisanengineeratMITwhoworksonfogharvesting，thedevicesthat，likethebeetle，attractwaterdrops.Thisway，poorvillagerscouldcollectcleanwaterneartheirhomes，insteadofspendinghourscarryingwaterfromdistantwellsofrivers.
Accesstowaterisapressingglobalissue.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganizationan dUNICEF，nearly900millionpeopleworldwidelivewithoutsafedrinkingwater.Theburdenoffindinga ndtransportingwaterfallsheavilyonwomenandchildren.“Asamiddle-classperson，Ithinkit’sterriblethatthepoorhavetospendhoursadaywalkingjusttoobtainabasicnece ssity，”Chhatresays.
Afog-harvestingdeviceconsistsofafence-likemeshpanel(网状面板)，whichattractsdrops，connectedtocontainersintowhichwaterfalls.Chhatrehasimprovedthematerialsusedinth esedevices.HeiscontinuinghisworkatMITSloanandtheLegatumCenterinordertodevelopaw orkablebusinessplanforapplyingfog-harvestingdevices.
Interestinfogharvestingdatesbacktothe1990s，andhasincreasedsincenewresearchontheNamibBeetlebecamefamousin2001.Afewtechnolog istssawpotentialintheconceptforpeople.OneCanadiancharitableorganization，FogQuest，hastestedprojectsinChileandGuatemala.
Butfogharvestingremainsinitsinfancy，technologicallyandcommercially，asChhatrereadilyrecognizes.“Itstillfacessomeopenproblems，”hesays.“Butit’sworkinprogress.”Afterall，thewaterthatfillsourriversandlakescomesfromair.
16．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEofShreerangChhatre?
A．HeisanAfricanengineer.
B．HeisresearchingontheNamibBeetle.
C．Hehasmadethefirstfog-harvestingdevice.
D．Heistryingtoputfog-harvestingdevicestouse.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“...inordertodevelopaworkablebusinessplanforapplyingfog-harvestingdevices.”及最后一段中的“‘Itstillfacessomeopenproblems，’hesays.‘Butit’saworkinprogress.’”可知，ShreerangChhatre正努力尝试让雾收集装置被使用，故选D。

17．Howdidfogharvestingattractmorepeople?
A．BybeingadvertisedbyMIT.
B．BygettingthehelpofUNICEF.
C．ByresearchingontheNamibBeetle.
D．Bybeinginspiredbytheinventionofafence-likemeshpanel.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段第一句“Interestinfogharvestingdatesbacktothe1990s，andhasincreasedsincenewresearchontheNamibBeetlebecamefamousin2001.”可知选C。

18．Whatdoweknowaboutfogharvesting?
A．Itbecamefamousin2001.
B．Itisstillinitsearlystages.
C．IthasbeentestedinAfrica.
D．ItwasinventedbyFogQuest.
答案 B
解析细节理解题。

根据最后一段第一句“Butfogharvestingremainsinitsinfancy...”可知，雾收集装置还处于早期阶段，故选B。

19．Theunderlinedword“It”inthelastparagraphrefersto“”．
A．UNICEF
B．theBeetle
C．fogharvesting
D．aCanadiancharitableorganization
答案 C
解析代词指代题。

根据前面提到的雾收集装置还处于早期阶段可知，这里接着说它还存在着一些问题，因此it指代的就是雾收集装置，故选C。

20．Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetextisto. A．stresstheimportanceofsavingwater
B．showtheNamibBeetle’sspecialwayo fsurviving C．introduceanewdeviceforcollectingwaterfromair
D．informpeopleoftheseriouswaterprobleminAfrica
答案 C
解析写作意图题。

文章介绍了科学家新研究出来的雾收集装置，它能在空气中收集水，因此对一些缺水地区是很有用的。

文章的目的就在于介绍这一种新的装置，故选C。