2019高考英语一轮达标Unit1Friendship练题含解析新人教版必修1

Unit 1 Friendship
一、阅读理解。

Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings. The long, thin strings on a guitar can vibrate(振动). They move back and forth, or from side to side. So do webs made by spiders. The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations. This movement gives the small creature information about what landed on the web.
Spiders have eight legs and usually eight eyes. The animals build webs with their own soft, naturally­made silk. And much like playing the strings of a guitar, a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies(频率). Spiders catch their food, usually insects in their webs. They make small movements, which spread across their webs. The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web—maybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat.
Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner. They are also important in courtship(求爱), so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females c an use to determine not only that they’re a male, but they’re the right species, and whether they might want to mate with them as well.
Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the condition of the webs. By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web.Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their self­made materials and creations. Scientists think that spider silk may have changed over time for this purpose.
【解题导语】本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。

1．How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web?
A．Through its sense of sight.
B．Through vibrations of its web.
C．Through different frequencies.
D．Through a musical pattern.
B 解析：细节理解题。

根据第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网上了。

故选B项。

2．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to? A．Insects. B．Strings.
C．Spiders. D．Vibrations.
A 解析：代词指代题。

根据第二段的“Spiders catch their food... across their webs.”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。

它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。

所以They指代的是昆虫。

3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Silk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do.
B．Female spiders make special sounds to attract a partner.
C．Hunting will be hard for spiders if the silk is loose.
D．The tightness of silk can’t be adjusted once it’s made.
C 解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段的“By controlling the tightness of the m aterial, they can effectively control how information is ge tting to them”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选C项。

4．The text mainly tells readers ___________ ．
A．guitars and spider webs are similar
B．spider webs have various functions
C．spiders are skillful in hunting insects
D．vibrations are vital in a spider’s life
D 解析：主旨大意题。

根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是第二段中的最后一句可知，D项正确。

二、单句语法填空
1．It was when I got back to my apartment ________I first came across my new neighbors.
答案：that 本句是强调句。

被强调部分是时间状语，故应填that。

2．Lily can't fall asleep, extremely ________ (concern) about the result of her maths test.
答案：concerned 短语be concerned about ... “担忧，挂念……”，本句中逗号后没有连词，故逗号后的部分为状语，此处应用形容词短语作伴随状语。

3．It's no pleasure ________ (go) camping on such a foggy day.
答案：going It's no pleasure doing sth. “做某事没有乐趣”。

4．The little boy is clever enough to have no trouble ________ (find) his house without others' help.
答案：finding have no trouble doing sth. “做某事没困难”。

5．There was no ________ (agree), and the proposal was accepted.
答案：disagreement 由形容词no可知，本空应填名词，再由后一分句“建议被接受了”可知，应填名词disagreement。

6．He happened ________ (know) the secret, so I needn't tell him.
答案：to have known happen to do sth. “碰巧做某事”，再由后一并列分句“没有必要告诉他”可知，前一分句谓语部分应用不定式的完成式。

7．He set his alarm clock before going to bed in order ________ (get) up earlier than usual the next morning.
答案：to get in order to do sth. “为了做某事”。

8．Several weeks had gone by ________ they knew the painting was missing.
答案：before before引导的时间状语从句，表示“在……以前”，从句常用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。

9．While ________ (wait) for the bus by the roadside, I found a wallet on the ground.
答案：waiting 时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语部分含有be动词，故从句中省略主语和be动词，填waiting。

while waiting可看作是while I was waiting 的省略。

10．The windows haven't been cleaned for at least a year and are ________ (dust) now.
答案：dusty dusty “脏的，布满尘土的”，是形容词，在此处作表语。

三、完形填空。

I was looking through some old photo albums the other day.I had __1__ done that many times before but I felt a sudden __2__ to see them again.I found myself __3__ so many beautiful memories from my childhood.There was my dear Nana giving me a thorough __4__ when I was a newborn baby.There was me and my brother standing in front of the world's ugliest __5__ our favorite Christmas tree.There was my beautiful Mom __6__ me on her lap.Then the pictures seemed __7__ all of a sudden because my eyes were wet.I just couldn't __8__ the tears.“What is going on？” I __9__.I hadn't cried the last time.But what was __10__ now?
I soon saw that it was I who changed.I had __11__.My spirit had walked a little further down the __12__ of love.I realized as long as they came with a warm heart，wet eyes were __13__ to be ashamed of.I smiled and I felt Mom and Nana smiling __14__ on me from Heaven.
Leo Buscaglia said：“I'm not afraid of __15__.They clean out my eyeballs.”
I think they clean out our __16__ as well.They help us to wash away our pain, fear and grief(悲伤)．They help us to __17__ our love and goodness.They help us to become who we are __18__ to be.The next time you feel your tears starting，just let them __19__.
Life is full of smiles and tears.Only by allowing them both can we __20__ live.
1．A.never B．ever
C．already D．nearly
2．A.appeal B．sadness
C．fear D．urge
3．A.shaping B．reliving
C．escaping D．building
4．A.bath B．speech
C．hug D．survey
5．A.and B．but
C．or D．as
6．A.spinning B．possessing
C．holding D．walking
7．A.beautiful B．blank
C．abnormal D．vague
8．A.fight back B．fight with
C．fight for D．fight against
9．A.found B．wondered
C．hesitated D．discussed
10．A.heartbreaking B．wrong
C．different D．disturbing
11．A.grown B．misunderstood
C．insisted D．struggled
12．A.feast B．path
C．expectation D．circle
13．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
14．A.forward B．upwards
C．down D．behind
15．A.tears B．failures
C．deaths D．illnesses
16．petence B．inside
C．identification D．development
17．A.look through B．clean out
C．learn from D．reconnect to
18．ed B．reminded
C．forced D．meant
19．A.separate B．stay
C．flow D．disappear
20．A.truly B．roughly
C．generally D．tentatively
【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。

再次看老相册时，作者重温了童年的一些美好回忆，并流下了眼泪。

作者从而感悟到生活中充满欢笑和眼泪，只有允许它们两者存在，我们才能真正地生活。

【核心词汇】urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 v．催促，力劝；强烈要求
I had a sudden urge to call him.我突然很想给他打电话。

We should constantly urge ourselves on to study hard.我们应该不断地鞭策自己努力学习。

1．C 根据下文的“many times before”以及“I hadn't cried the last time”可知，作者应该不止一次看这些老相册，故此处表示作者之前已经(already)多次看过这些老相册。

2．D 此处表示作者突然有再次看老相册的冲动(urge)。

appeal“恳求”；fear“害怕”。

3．B 此处表示作者重温(reliving)了许多来自童年时期的美好回忆。

shape“塑造”；escape“逃避”；build“建造”。

4．A 根据下文的“when I was a newborn baby”可知，此处表示作者还是个新生儿时，奶奶给她彻底洗澡，故选A项。

5．B 空前的“the world's ugliest”和空后的“our favorite”之间为转折关系，故用并列连词but。

6．C 根据下文的“on her lap”可知，此处应表示“我漂亮的妈妈把我抱着放在她的腿上”。

hold意为“抱着，托着”，符合语境。

spin“快速旋转”；possess“拥有”；walk“遛”。

7．D 上文提到了作者正在看老照片，根据下文的“because my eyes were we t...the
tears”可知作者流泪了，根据常识可知，此处表示这些老照片变得模糊(vague)了。

blank“空白的”；abnormal“不正常的”。

8．A 根据上文的“because my eyes were wet”和下文的“I hadn't cried the last time.But...”可知，作者这次看老照片的时候哭了，此处表示作者遏制不住眼泪。

fight back“忍住，抑制住”，符合语境。

fight with“与……争辩”；fight for“努力争取”；fight against“对抗”。

9．B 作者以前看老照片没有哭，而这次看老照片却哭了。

所以作者想知道(wondered)发生了什么。

find“发现，找到”；hesitate“犹豫，迟疑”；discuss“讨论”。

10．C 根据下文的“I soon saw that it was I who changed”可知，作者很快明白，是她自己和以前不一样了。

故之前作者想知道的问题是“现在有什么是不同的呢”。

故选C 项。

11．A 根据下文的“My spirit had walked a little further”可知，此处应表示作者的心灵已经在爱的道路(path)上走得更远了一点了，即作者已经成长(grown)了。

12．B 参见上题解析。

feast“宴会”；expectation“期望”；circle“圈子”。

13．D 根据上文的“as long as they came with a warm heart”以及下文的“I smiled”可知，该句表示含泪的眼睛没有什么(nothing)可羞愧的，只要它们伴随着一颗温暖的心而来。

14．C 根据下文的“on me from Heaven”可知，此处表示作者感到妈妈和奶奶从天堂向下(down)冲着自己微笑。

15．A 根据语境尤其是下文的“They clean out my eyeballs”可知，此处表示“眼泪清洗了我的眼球”，故选tears。

16．B 根据下文的“They help us to wash away our pain，fear and grief(悲伤)．They help us to...to be”可知，此处表示眼泪不仅清洗了我们的眼球，也清洗了我们的内心(inside)。

competence“能力”；identification“辨认”；developmen t“发展”。

17．D 第一段提到老照片让作者的美好回忆重现，故这里应该是表示“眼泪帮助我们重新找回我们的爱和善良”。

reconnect to“重新连接”，在这里引申为“重新找回”。

look through“浏览”；clean out“把……清洗干净”。

18．D 此处表示眼泪可以帮助我们成为我们想成为的人。

be meant to do“打算，想要”。

19．C 根据上文提到的眼泪的好处可知，此处表示下次你感觉到眼泪开始流的时候，那么就让它们流下来吧。

故选C项。

20．A 生活中充满笑和泪，只有允许它们都存在，我们才能真正地(truly)生活。

roughly“粗略地”；generally“大体上”；tentatively“试探性地”。

四、单句改错
1．He spoke calm to them trying to pour oil on troubled waters but it was useless.
________________________________________________________
答案：calm→calmly副词calmly “镇静地”修饰动词短语spoke to。

2．There was a time that the two countries were at war.
________________________________________________________
答案：that→when There was a time when ... 是固定结构，意为“曾经/一度/有一段时间……”。

3．Exact speaking, I disagree with you on this matter.
________________________________________________________
答案：Exact→Exactly exactly speaking 为固定搭配，意为“确切地说”。

4．He said that he had fallen in love with Mary for two years and would get married the next year.
________________________________________________________
答案：fallen→been be in love with可与时间段连用，fall in love with 表示瞬时动作，不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。

5．I have never heard of the names you added up to the list.
________________________________________________________
答案：去掉up add to “添加”，add up to “合计为”。

根据句意去掉up。

五、七选五
Shortness of breath has many different causes，and the treatment of it is specific for each cause.__1__ There are, however，some following first aid steps you can use to treat it，at least until the ambulance arrives or you're able to get the victim to a hospital.
__2__ The more energy you spend，the more oxygen you use and the more short of breath you feel.Think about a good workout at the gym.Exercise hard enough and you will feel short of breath.The cure？Take a break.
Let the victim sit，stand or lie where's the most comfortable.There're lots of myths about how some body positions supposedly provide more airflow.Coaches regularly tell players to hold their arms above their heads to maximize chest expansion.Nursing staff assume the “tripod position” is the best position.__3__.
Use oxygen.This is a special case used only for people with chronic lung problems.If the victim has oxygen available, this is what it's for.__4__ The victim
may have been told by his or her doctor that too much oxygen for too long might cause more problems.Assure the victim that sudden increases in shortness of breath are the instances in which oxygen is needed most.
Treat the cause of shortness of breath.__5__ Asthma patients，for example，often have multiple tools and drugs to fix sudden shortness of breath.Victims of lung infections may need to see a doctor and heart attack victims may need an ambulance.
A．Have the victim rest.
B．Take more exercise at the gym.
C．The victim should use his or her oxygen as directed by a doctor.
D．There're many causes of shortness of breath and many of them are treatable.
E．The victim can try to avoid making use of his or her oxygen whenever possible.
F．Every person is different，however，so let the victim decide what position is the most comfortable.
G．In many cases，the only way to treat shortness of breath is to call 911 or take the victim to a doctor.
【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲述了呼吸困难的发生有很多原因，同时提出了四种急救方法。

1．G 本段主要讲呼吸困难有很多原因，治疗呼吸困难有不同的方法，因此空处应讲治疗呼吸困难的一般方法，且与下文构成转折关系，故选G。

2．A 根据本段中的“The cure？Take a break”可知，本段主要讲让患者休息这种方法，故选A。

3．F 根据第三段的主题句可知，此处表示每个人感觉舒服的方式都不同，所以空处应讲让病人决定最舒服的姿势，故选F。

4．C 根据本段的主题句可以判断此处指要使用氧气，故选C。

5．D 根据空处上下文可以判断，此处表示呼吸困难有很多原因，但是可以治疗的，故选D。