2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：67

2022年考研考博-考博英语-电子科技大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖
析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
The device can（）different measurements by electronics means.
问题1选项
A.imitate
B.copy
C.mock
D.fake
【答案】A
【解析】句意:这个设备能通过电子手段来模拟不同的尺寸。

考查动词辨析。

Imitate模仿,仿效,模仿(某人的讲话、举止); copy 复制,抄袭;mock 愚弄,嘲弄;fake 捏造,假装…的样子。

故A符合句意。

2.
单选题
Although cats cannot see in complete darkness, their eyes are much more（）to light than are human eyes.
问题1选项
A.glowing
B.brilliant
C.sensitive
D.gloomy 【答案】C
【解析】句意:尽管猫在完全黑暗的环境中看不到任何东西，但是相比人类的眼睛，它们的眼晴对光却更加敏感。

考查形容词辨析。

glowing热烈赞扬的，热情洋溢的;brilliant 闪耀的，杰出的，精彩的；sensitive 体贴的，体恤的，善解人意的，感觉敏锐的；gloomy 黑暗的，沮丧的，阴郁的。

由转折对比提示词Although(尽管)可知C符合句意。

3.
单选题
Study can help us look into the future and（）confused thinking.
问题1选项
A.notify
B.simplify
C.clarify
D.justify
【答案】C
【解析】句意:学习能帮助我们展望未来,可以澄清混乱的思想。

考查动词辨析。

Notify通知,公布; simplify使简化,使简易; clarify 使更清晰易懂,阐明,澄清; justify证明…正确(或正当、有理),对…作出解释。

故C符合句意。

4.
单选题
As the climate in the Middle East changed beginning around 7000 B. C” conditions emerged that led to a more complex and advanced form of civilization in both Egypt and of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia became drier, producing river-side lands that were both habitable and fertile, and attracting settlers armed with the newly developed technique of agriculture. This migration was further encouraged by the gradual transformation of the once-hospitable grasslands of these regions into deserts. Human population became increasingly concentrated into pockets of settlement scattered along the banks of the great rivers.
The rivers profoundly shaped the way of life along their banks. In Mesopotamia, the management
of water in conditions of unpredictable drought, flood, and storm became the central economic and social challenge. Villagers began early to build simple earthworks, dikes, canals, and ditches to control the waters and reduce the opposing dangers of drought during the dry season (usually the spring) and flooding at the harvest time.
Such efforts required a degree of cooperation among a large number of people that had not previously existed. The individual village, containing only a dozen or so houses and families, was economically vulnerable; but when several villages, probably under the directions of a council of elders, learned to share their human resources in the building of coordinated network of water-control systems, the safety, stability, and prosperity of all improved. In this new cooperation, the seeds of the great Mesopotamian civilizations were being sown. Technological and mathematical invention, too, were stimulated by life along the rivers. New devices were first developed here for use in irrigation systems. Similarly, the earliest methods of measurement and computation and the first developments in geometry were stimulated by the need to keep track of land holdings and boundaries in fields that were periodically inundated.
The livers served as high roads of earliest commerce. Traders used boats made of bundles of rushes to transport grains, fruits, fibers, and textiles from one village to another, transforming the rivers into the central spines of nascent commercial kingdoms. Trade expanded surprisingly widely; we have evidence suggesting that, even before the establishment of the first Egyptian dynasty, goods were being exchanged between villagers in Egypt and others as far as Iran.
Similar developments were occurring at much the same time along the great river valleys in other parts of the world ---- for example, along the Indus in India and Hwang Ho in China. The history of early civilization has been shaped to a remarkable degree by the relationship of humans and rivers.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to explain（）.
2.Which of the following social effects did the unpredictability of water supplies in Mesopotamia have?
3. The earliest geometers were supported primarily by（）.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the emergence of complex civilizations in the Middle East was dependent upon the previous development of（）.
5. The author refers to emerging civilizations in India and China primarily in order to emphasize（）.
问题1选项
A.how climatic changes led to the founding of the earliest recorded cities
B.the influence of river life on the growth of early civilizations
C.some of the recent findings of researchers into early human history
D.the similarities and differences among several ancient societies
问题2选项
A.It led to warfare over water rights among rival villages.
B.It encouraged cooperation in the creation of water management systems.
C.It drove farmers to settle in fertile grasslands far from the uncontrollable rivers.
D.It had the actual effect of increasing the population there.
问题3选项
A.mechanical artisans
B.traders and merchants
C.farm laborers
nd owners
问题4选项
A.basic techniques of agriculture
B.symbolic systems for writing and mathematical computation
C.tools for constructing houses quickly and easily
D.a method for storing and transferring wealth
问题5选项
A.the importance of water transportation in the growth of early trade
B.the relatively advanced position enjoyed by the Middle East spread to other places
C.the rapidity with which social systems developed in the Middle East spread to other places
D.the crucial role played by rivers in the development of human cultures around the world
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:B
第3题:D
第4题:A
第5题:D
【解析】1.主旨大意题。

文章主要介绍河流对于文明和发展的作用。

因此B项“河流生命对于早期文明发展的影响”符合本文主旨大意。

2.判断推理题。

题干问的是:下列哪项是美索不达米亚中供水的不可预测性所产生的社会影响?第三段指出: Such efforts required a degree of cooperation among a large number of people that had not previously existed. The individual village, containing only a dozen or so houses and families, was economically vulnerable; but when several villages, probably under the directions of a council of elders, learned to share their human resources in the building of coordinated network of water-control systems, the safety, stability, and prosperity of all improved. In this new cooperation, the seeds of the great Mesopotamian civilizations were being sown (这种努力需要大量人员的前所未有的合作。

只有十几户家庭的小村庄容易受到经济冲击，但是在年长村民的指导下，这些村庄可能会学着在建立协调的水治理系统中进行人力资源共享，这吋候乡村的安全和稳定性以及繁荣度都得到了提升。

在新的合作下，美索不达米亚的文明之种正被播散开来)。

故选 B “它激发了水资源管理体系创新的相互合作”。

3.细节事实题。

通过题干关键词geometers定位至第四段: Similarly, the earliest methods of measurement and computation and the first developments in geometry were stimulated by the need to keep track of land holdings and boundaries in fields that were periodically inundated (同样，早期的测量和估算方法，以及几何学的初期发展，都是因为需要记录土地的所有权和记录被周期性淹没的土地边界范围而刺激发展的。

因此，最初几何学主要是为了记录土地的所有权和实际情况而发展的)。

故选D “土地所有者”。

4.判断推理题。

题干为:中东地区的复杂文明的出现主要依赖于之前的哪项的发展？第一段指出: As the climate in the Middle East changed ...Jed to a more complex and advanced from of civilization in both.... Euphrates rivers in Mesopotamia became drier, producing river-side lands that were both habitable and fertile, and attracting settlers armed with the newly developed technique of agriculture (随着中东地区的气候变化，出现的状况导致了复杂和先进的文明形式。

……当美索不达米亚的幼发拉底河变得更干旱后，产生了宜居且肥沃的河岸土地，并且吸引了拥有先进农业技术的移民。

即中东地区的先进文明的发展有依靠农业技术的支持),故选A“基本的农业技术”。

5.作者意图题。

题干为: 作者谈及印度和中国的文明出现主要是为了强调什么？根据题干定位至最后一段: Similar developments were occurring at much the same time along the great river valleys in other parts of the world — for example, along the Indus in India and Hwang Ho in China (同吋，世界其他地方也有沿大河而居所产生的类似的发展，比如：印度西北部河流，中国的黄河)。

因此,文章中谈及印度和中国，是为了说明河流同样在这些国家的发展中起到的作用,因此D项“在世界各地人类文化的发展中，河流发挥关键的作用”正确。

5.
单选题
The（）from Africa’s booming oil sales rarely reaches the people who live where the oil is produced..
问题1选项
A.currency
B.revenue
C.tariff
D.exchange
【答案】B
【解析】句意:非洲蓬勃发展的石油销售收入很少到达在石油生产地生活的人的手中。

考查名词辨析。

Currency通货,货币,通用,流行; revenue财政收入,税收收入,收益; tariff关税,(旅馆、饭店或服务公司的)价目表,收费表; exchange交流,兑换。

因此B符合句意。

6.
单选题
A great amount of work lias gone into（）the Cathedral to its previous splendor.
问题1选项
A.refreshing
B.restoring
C.renovating
D.renewing
【答案】B
【解析】句意:大量的工作已经投入,为了使这个大教堂恢复到其以前的华丽。

考查动词辨析。

四个选项均为对应动词的现在分词形式。

refresh 更新，使精力恢复，使得到补充；restore
恢复，修复；restore to使恢复到…；renovate 更新，修复，革新，刷新；renew 使更新，续借，复兴。

由题干中关键词“to its previous splendor到其以前的华丽”可知B项正确。

7.
单选题
It was（）we had hoped.
问题1选项
A.more a success than
B.a success more than
C.as much of a success as
D.a success as much as
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这次成功跟我所希望的一样。

考查固定句式。

as much+形容词+as 跟……-样。

8.
单选题
The economic recession has meant that job（）is a rare thing.
问题1选项
A.security
B.safety
C.protection for
D.secureness 【答案】A
【解析】句意:这场经济衰退己经意味着工作保障是罕见的事情。

考查名词辨析。

security 安全，保障；safety 安全，保险;protection 保护，防卫;secureness安全，（船）停泊，固定。

因此A符合句意。

9.
单选题
When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.
As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet’s environment from hot to cold, wet t o dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.
Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates （灵长目动物）some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.
The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign （宜人的）global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 years—during which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appeared—is a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future—even without the influence of human activity.
1. Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged（）.
2. Earth scientists have come to understand that climate（）.
3. Scientists believe that human evolution（）.
4. Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that（）.
5. The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that（）.
问题1选项
A.to give up his former way of life
B.to leave the coastal areas
C.to follow the ever-shifting vegetation
D.to abandon his original settlement
问题2选项
A.is going through a fundamental change
B.has been getting warmer for 10,000 years
C.will eventually change from hot to cold
D.has gone through periodical changes
问题3选项
A.has seldom been accompanied by climatic changes
B.has exerted little influence on climatic changes
C.has largely been affected by climatic changes
D.had had a major impact on climatic changes
问题4选项
A.human activities have accelerated changes of Earth’s environment
B.Earth’s environment will remain mild despite human i nterference
C.Earth’s climate is bound to change significantly in the future
D.Earth’s climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future
问题5选项
A.human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changes
B.mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climate
C.man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming process
D.human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:C
第5题:B
【解析】1.细节事实题。

第—段指出: After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease (在迫使自己周边的很多动物几乎绝灭后，人类被迫放弃旧的生活方式而选择导致大范围饥荒和疾病的全新生存策略),因此选A:放弃自己向前的生活方式。

2.判断推理题。

第二段指出:Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planet’s environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years (研究者己开始去拼凑一副有启示性的图片，展示了强大的地质和天文力量，这些力量共同改变了地球的环境，从热到冷，从湿到干，再到几亿年前的某个时期)。

由此可知 D “已经历阶段性的变化”正确。

3.细节事实题。

第三段指出: Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it (一些科学家认为，人类的历史确实不仅受全球气候变化的影响，且在某些情况下还受到它的推动),由此可知C项“很大程度上受气候变化的影响”正确。

4.细节事实题。

最后一段指出:In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future—even without the influence of human activity(事实上，过去气候变化的形式显示，甚至在没有人类活动影响的情况下，地球的气候在未来几乎肯定地会经历急剧变化。

”知C项“地球的气候在将来必然会显著地变化”正确。

5.判断推理题。

最后一段指出: In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earth’s climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the future—even
without the influence of human activity (事实上，过去气候变化的形式显示，甚至在没有人类活动影响的情况下，地球的气候在未来几乎肯定地会经历急剧变化),由此可知作者想要传递的信息是:人类在而对气候的巨大变化吋实际上是无助的。

10.
单选题
A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should（）new operating procedures.
问题1选项
A.result in
B.match with
C.subject to
D.proceed with
【答案】A
【解析】句意:彻底调查这个事故的原因,应该会提高标准,而且带来新的操作程序。

考查短语辨析。

result in 导致，带来；match with使…较量，与…相配，使与…一致;subject to 使服从，使遭受；受……管制;proceed with 继续进行。

因此A符合句意。

11.
单选题
Land belongs to the city; there is（）tiling as private ownership of land.
问题1选项
A.no such a
B.not such
C.not such a
D.no such
【答案】D
【解析】句意:土地属于城市，没有诸如土地私人所有的事情。

考查固定句式。

there is no such thing as... 没有如…样的事情。

12.
单选题
If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of（）.
问题1选项
A.persuasion
B.remedy
C.encouragement
promise
【答案】C
【解析】句意:如果一个人谈及自己的缺点，那么他的听众就被期待说一些关于鼓励的话。

考查名词辨析。

persuasion说服，劝说;remedy补救，治疗;encouragement 鼓励；compromise 妥协，和解。

由前半句句意可知C符合句意。

13.
单选题
The thieves fled with the local police close on their（）.
问题1选项
A.backs
B.necks
C.toes
D.heels
【答案】D
【解析】句意:逃跑的小偷后面紧跟着当地的警察。

考查固定搭配。

on （at） one's heels 紧跟某人后面。

14.
单选题
After the disaster, the truth（）us that a healthy habit of living can keep us away from some terrible diseases.
问题1选项
A.focused on
B.imposed on
C.dawned on
D.leaned on
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在这场灾难后，我们渐渐明白一个事实:一个健康的生活习惯能让我们远离一些可怕的疾病。

考查短语辨析。

选项均为对应短语的过去式。

focus on 集中注意力于，聚焦于；impose on 利用，欺骗，施加影响于； dawn on被理解，渐渐明白；lean on 依赖，靠在……上。

故选C。

15.
单选题
Stars twinkle（）the turbulent state of the air through which their light passes.
问题1选项A.in spite of
B.as a result of
C.in addition to
D.with regard to
【答案】B
【解析】句意:星星的闪烁是由星光穿过湍流状态的空气而形成的。

考查短语辨析。

in spite of 尽管，不管，不顾；as a result of 因此，由于；in addition to 除…之外；with regard to 关于，至于。

因此B符合句意。