introduction,+week+1 化学专业英语 教学课件
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e.g. chemist, function, scientific, vacuum, area, theory, education, adapt, exist, appropriate, precise
450-1100, Old English； 1000-1500, Middle English； 1500---- , Modern English；
Old English- Anglo-Saxon (AS) period
1) The Settlement of three Germanic tribes of the British Isles
following the Norman Conquest
1066 – Norman Rule of England begins 1264-5 – Rise of English nationalism: Barons’
War 1337-1453 – Hundred Years War with France 1362 – English language used for the first
四川大学化学学院
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University
Chemical English
Topics to Cover
An introduction to chemistry English Inorganic chemistry (3 weeks) Scientific writing (1 week) Physical chemistry (2 weeks) Organic chemistry (4 weeks) Biochemistry (1 week) Analytical chemistry (3 weeks) Polymer chemistry and physics (1 week) Environmental chemistry (1 week)
Why was English not replaced by French
➢ – 2% Norman population ➢ – Deteriorating relations with France after 150
years ➢ – The monarch and court spoke French, but by
Features of the Old English Lexicon
Widespread use of compounding:
• dæg‘day’ + red‘red’ = dægred ‘dawn’ • beor‘beer’ + scipe‘ship’ = gebeorscipe ‘banquet’ • fisces‘fish’ + eþel‘home’ = fisceseþel ‘sea’
6) The Italian Group, Latin, Romance (罗曼斯语 ) languages, i.e. French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian
7) The Celtic (凯尔特语的) Group, e.g. Gaelic, Welsh
late 12th century, inter-marriage common; children of nobles were native English speakers ➢ – Anglo-Saxon literary styles disappeared in 11th century, but were briefly adopted again in 13th century, perhaps due to nationalism
pise‘pea’, win‘wine’, cyse‘cheese’, plante‘plant’ ➢ – Clothing:
belt‘belt’, cemes‘shirt’, sutere ‘shoemaker’ ➢ – Others:
weall‘wall’,stræt‘road’, pund‘pound’, munuc‘monk’
The Indo-European Family:
1)The Balto-Slavic Group, e.g. Russian, Polish 2)The Indo-Iranian Group, e.g. Hindi, Persian
Bengali (孟加拉语 )
3) The Armenian Group, e.g. Armenian 4) The Albanian Group, e.g. Albanian 5) The Hellenic (希腊nd affixation:
➢ gan‘go’ ➢ ingan‘go in’ ➢ oþgan‘go away’ ➢ upgan‘go up’ ➢ utgan‘go out’
597 A. D. ---- Augustine introduced Christianity from Rome
Numerous borrowings, many relating to religion, e.g.:
(古北欧语, 700 - 1400 年间挪威,冰岛语)
991 A.D. – Danish rule of England for 25 years
The Scandinavian Invasion
Numerous borrowings, e.g.:
• – Common words: both, same, get, give, take, they
cultural matters; but the masses continued to speak English.
The French loan words（借词）were found in every section of the vocabulary: e.g.
➢law and governmental administration (judge, jury, justice; government, parliament, state…);
谱系分类法
• 汉藏语系(Sino-Tibetan) • 印欧语系(Indo-European) • 闪含语系(Semito-Hamitic) • 班图语系(Bantu) • 乌拉尔语系(Uralic) • 阿尔泰语系(Altaic) • 马来---波利尼西亚语系(Malayo-Polynesian) • 印第安语系(Indian)等。
The Introduction of Christianity into England
787 A.D. – Frequent raids by Vikings, leading to:
886 A.D. – Introduction of Danelaw; contact with Old Norse
2) The Introduction of Christianity into England
3) The Scandinavian Invasion
Old English- Anglo-Saxon (AS) period
• 449 A.D. – Jutes settle in Kent • 449 A.D. – Angles settle in Northumbria &
– heaven, hell (地狱 ), God, sin (罪 ) – bargain, cheap, inch, cup, dish, wall, wine; abbot (修道
士), altar, candle, disciple (di'saipl,门徒 ), hymn (hɪm,圣 歌 ), martyr (mɑːtə(r),殉道者), nun (nʌn,修女), priest (priːst,司 祭), pope (pəʊp,教皇), shrine (ʃraɪn,圣地), temple and a great many others
➢military affairs (conquer, sergeant, victory…);
➢religion (baptism,洗礼, confess, divine,天赐的, sermon,布道 …); ➢clothing (coat, dress, gown, robe…); ➢food (beef, mutton羊肉, pork, dinner…); ➢art (beauty, image, design…); ➢literature (chapter, poet, prose…); ➢science (medicine, remedy, surgeon),
• – General: want, knife, die, fellow • – Towns: Derby (德比(英国中部的都市),大竞争,大赛马),
Rugby (橄榄球 ),
• – Co-existing: ill(OE) / sick(ON); hide (OE) / skin (ON);
Middle English –– strong influence of French
The Renaissance brought great changes to vocabulary. In this period, the study of classics were stressed and the result was the wholesale borrowing from Latin.
Mercia • 477 A.D. – Saxons settle in Sussex, Essex,
Middlesex and Wessex
– Each tribe spoke a dialect of Ingvaeonic, a sub-group of West-Germanic.
The Settlement of three Germanic tribes of the British Isles
8) The Germanic Group, e.g. English, Dutch, German
The Origins of English
2000 B.C.E. – 0 B.C.E Celtic 55 B.C.E. – Romans arrive 410 – Romans depart
A number of cultural borrowings from Latin. ➢ – Food:
time in Parliament
Middle English –– strong influence of French
following the Norman Conquest
Since the French-speaking Normans were the ruling class, French was used for all state affairs and for most social and
The Development of English
Do You Know
➢There are 5,651 kinds of languages ➢The most widely used ten kinds are:
Chinese, English, Russian, Spanish, Hindi, Japanese, German, Arabic ['ærəbik] , Portuguese [͵pɔ:tju'ɡi:z] and French.
Mordern English –– The Latin loan words
were mostly connected with science and abstract ideas.
Mordern English –– The Latin loan words
were mostly connected with science and abstract ideas.
450-1100, Old English； 1000-1500, Middle English； 1500---- , Modern English；
Old English- Anglo-Saxon (AS) period
1) The Settlement of three Germanic tribes of the British Isles
following the Norman Conquest
1066 – Norman Rule of England begins 1264-5 – Rise of English nationalism: Barons’
War 1337-1453 – Hundred Years War with France 1362 – English language used for the first
四川大学化学学院
College of Chemistry, Sichuan University
Chemical English
Topics to Cover
An introduction to chemistry English Inorganic chemistry (3 weeks) Scientific writing (1 week) Physical chemistry (2 weeks) Organic chemistry (4 weeks) Biochemistry (1 week) Analytical chemistry (3 weeks) Polymer chemistry and physics (1 week) Environmental chemistry (1 week)
Why was English not replaced by French
➢ – 2% Norman population ➢ – Deteriorating relations with France after 150
years ➢ – The monarch and court spoke French, but by
Features of the Old English Lexicon
Widespread use of compounding:
• dæg‘day’ + red‘red’ = dægred ‘dawn’ • beor‘beer’ + scipe‘ship’ = gebeorscipe ‘banquet’ • fisces‘fish’ + eþel‘home’ = fisceseþel ‘sea’
6) The Italian Group, Latin, Romance (罗曼斯语 ) languages, i.e. French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian
7) The Celtic (凯尔特语的) Group, e.g. Gaelic, Welsh
late 12th century, inter-marriage common; children of nobles were native English speakers ➢ – Anglo-Saxon literary styles disappeared in 11th century, but were briefly adopted again in 13th century, perhaps due to nationalism
pise‘pea’, win‘wine’, cyse‘cheese’, plante‘plant’ ➢ – Clothing:
belt‘belt’, cemes‘shirt’, sutere ‘shoemaker’ ➢ – Others:
weall‘wall’,stræt‘road’, pund‘pound’, munuc‘monk’
The Indo-European Family:
1)The Balto-Slavic Group, e.g. Russian, Polish 2)The Indo-Iranian Group, e.g. Hindi, Persian
Bengali (孟加拉语 )
3) The Armenian Group, e.g. Armenian 4) The Albanian Group, e.g. Albanian 5) The Hellenic (希腊nd affixation:
➢ gan‘go’ ➢ ingan‘go in’ ➢ oþgan‘go away’ ➢ upgan‘go up’ ➢ utgan‘go out’
597 A. D. ---- Augustine introduced Christianity from Rome
Numerous borrowings, many relating to religion, e.g.:
(古北欧语, 700 - 1400 年间挪威,冰岛语)
991 A.D. – Danish rule of England for 25 years
The Scandinavian Invasion
Numerous borrowings, e.g.:
• – Common words: both, same, get, give, take, they
cultural matters; but the masses continued to speak English.
The French loan words（借词）were found in every section of the vocabulary: e.g.
➢law and governmental administration (judge, jury, justice; government, parliament, state…);
谱系分类法
• 汉藏语系(Sino-Tibetan) • 印欧语系(Indo-European) • 闪含语系(Semito-Hamitic) • 班图语系(Bantu) • 乌拉尔语系(Uralic) • 阿尔泰语系(Altaic) • 马来---波利尼西亚语系(Malayo-Polynesian) • 印第安语系(Indian)等。
The Introduction of Christianity into England
787 A.D. – Frequent raids by Vikings, leading to:
886 A.D. – Introduction of Danelaw; contact with Old Norse
2) The Introduction of Christianity into England
3) The Scandinavian Invasion
Old English- Anglo-Saxon (AS) period
• 449 A.D. – Jutes settle in Kent • 449 A.D. – Angles settle in Northumbria &
– heaven, hell (地狱 ), God, sin (罪 ) – bargain, cheap, inch, cup, dish, wall, wine; abbot (修道
士), altar, candle, disciple (di'saipl,门徒 ), hymn (hɪm,圣 歌 ), martyr (mɑːtə(r),殉道者), nun (nʌn,修女), priest (priːst,司 祭), pope (pəʊp,教皇), shrine (ʃraɪn,圣地), temple and a great many others
➢military affairs (conquer, sergeant, victory…);
➢religion (baptism,洗礼, confess, divine,天赐的, sermon,布道 …); ➢clothing (coat, dress, gown, robe…); ➢food (beef, mutton羊肉, pork, dinner…); ➢art (beauty, image, design…); ➢literature (chapter, poet, prose…); ➢science (medicine, remedy, surgeon),
• – General: want, knife, die, fellow • – Towns: Derby (德比(英国中部的都市),大竞争,大赛马),
Rugby (橄榄球 ),
• – Co-existing: ill(OE) / sick(ON); hide (OE) / skin (ON);
Middle English –– strong influence of French
The Renaissance brought great changes to vocabulary. In this period, the study of classics were stressed and the result was the wholesale borrowing from Latin.
Mercia • 477 A.D. – Saxons settle in Sussex, Essex,
Middlesex and Wessex
– Each tribe spoke a dialect of Ingvaeonic, a sub-group of West-Germanic.
The Settlement of three Germanic tribes of the British Isles
8) The Germanic Group, e.g. English, Dutch, German
The Origins of English
2000 B.C.E. – 0 B.C.E Celtic 55 B.C.E. – Romans arrive 410 – Romans depart
A number of cultural borrowings from Latin. ➢ – Food:
time in Parliament
Middle English –– strong influence of French
following the Norman Conquest
Since the French-speaking Normans were the ruling class, French was used for all state affairs and for most social and
The Development of English
Do You Know
➢There are 5,651 kinds of languages ➢The most widely used ten kinds are:
Chinese, English, Russian, Spanish, Hindi, Japanese, German, Arabic ['ærəbik] , Portuguese [͵pɔ:tju'ɡi:z] and French.
Mordern English –– The Latin loan words
were mostly connected with science and abstract ideas.
Mordern English –– The Latin loan words
were mostly connected with science and abstract ideas.