2020年高考英语(京津鲁琼版)二轮复习典型例题分层突破讲义：专题三 完形填空 第二讲 技法篇 含答案

第二讲技法篇
完形填空主要考查考生在理解整篇文章的基础上具体运用语法知识和词语的能力，那么它的重点一定是放在对整篇文章的逻辑和结构的理解上，更多地考查考生把握文章的脉络以及分析上下文逻辑的能力，即根据上下文的已知信息来确定答案。

但有些考生在做题时，往往会犯以下三种错误：
1．中式思维忽略英语文章的行文逻辑以及英语国家的语言习惯和文化常识。

2．主观臆断不从语境中寻找答案，而是凭自己的主观臆断去选择答案。

3．匆忙作答边看文章边选答案，看似很节省时间，但会造成“一错再错，连续犯错”的恶果。

考生做完形填空题，最根本的方法是在全面理解文章大意的基础上，综合运用语言知识、阅读能力和逻辑思维进行解题。

技法一通读全文明确大意，细研首句把握全篇
完形填空的命题原则是“选项语境化，试题语篇化”，由此可知，答案就隐含在上下文语境之中。

所以，要正确解答完形填空的题目，首先要通读文章，准确把握文章大意。

[增分技法1]利用首句明大意
完形填空一般不在首句设题，这是为了给考生提供一个清晰而完整的背景信息。

记叙文的首句往往介绍事件发生的时间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。

仔细分析首句，往往能获取许多解题信息，因此不可忽视文章的首句。

[典例](2018.全国卷Ⅰ)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free”course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits (I)
managed to get an A in that __53__ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the 54.classroom．
53．A.game B．presentation
C．course D．experiment
[解析]C本篇完形填空的第一句话没有设题，是一个完整的句子。

据此可知，作者是一个大学二年级的学生，听说教育系有一个“免费的”课程，可以得三个学分。

文章的首句将作者身份、故事的背景、地点和主要内容完全交代出来。

根据这些信息可知，下文应该是讲述作者积极参加这个课程，并受益良多的故事。

故选course“课程”。

[增分技法2]利用主题段、主题句明大意
要理解文章的主旨大意，除了可以通过研究首句信息之外，还可以利用文章的主题段、主题句或者文体特征来把握文章大意。

一般来说，主题段和主题句都出现在文章或者段落的开头。

[典例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say “sorry，__41__ number！” and move on...
On March 19, Dennis got a group text __44__ him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital...
“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，”Dennis __46__．..but I will get there to take pictures with the baby，”replied Dennis...
Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his __52__！He turned up at the hospital
53.bearing gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally
54.astonished by the unexpected visit.
41．A.unlucky B．secret
C．new D．wrong
44．A.convincing B．reminding
C．informing D．warning
46．A.responded B．interrupted
C．predicted D．repeated
52．A.dream B．promise
C．agenda D．principle
[解析]41.D44.C46.A52.B
本篇完形填空首句提供的信息相对较少，不足以把握文章大意，但文章从第二段开始叙事，因此抓住每段的前一两句话就可以把握住文章大意。

根据以上节选的内容，我们可以了解到，有一家人在孩子即将出生之际，向亲人群发了一个告知消息，误发给了陌生人Dennis。

Dennis虽然不认识他们，但还是去医院看望了他们，并和孩子留影，照片被孩子的奶奶上传到网上，得到了非常多的点赞和转发。

根据文章大意可知，第41题应选择wrong“错误的”；第44题应选择informing“告知”；第46题应选择responded“回复”；第52题应选择promise“诺言”。

技法二思前想后通全文，上下求索准呼应
完形填空需要考生能够仔细阅读文章，留意文章的细节和措辞，注意瞻前顾后，通读上下文，切忌自以为是。

许多试题的答案在上下文中以原词复现、同义复现、反义复现和代词复现等重复出现来表达，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。

因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现来选择正确的答案。

[增分技法1]原词复现
[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the town’s central
__31__，creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light 32.appeared,__Rjukan residents gathered together.
...Ro says, The town square was totally 35.full．..
31．A.library B．hall
C．square D．street
[解析]C根据下一段中的“The town square”可知答案为square。

[增分技法2]同义复现
[典例](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life，college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this __41__ process and found something that has changed my 42.experience at college for the better：I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语)．
41．A.searching B．planning
C．natural D．formal
[解析]A根据上文中“While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life”的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索(searching)的过程。

planning“计划制订”；natural“自然的”；formal“正式的”，均不符合语境。

[增分技法3]反义复现
[典例](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词) may seem dull, most of the __50__ things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.
50．A.simple B．unique
C．fun D．clever
[解析]C由while可知，空处与dull形成对比，故选C项。

simple“简单的”；unique “独特的”；clever“聪明的”，均不符合语境。

[增分技法4]代词复现
[典例](全国卷Ⅰ)Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56.backed__off and let them go to work. Then, Larry asked the __57__ if he was needed or 58.free to go. They let him and the other man go.
57．A.woman B．police
C．man D．driver
[解析]B发生了交通事故，警察应该到场，且下文“They let him and the other man go.”中的“They”指代本空，故选B。

技法三句际关系定衔接，逻辑理解摸脉络
完形填空所选短文通常都是前后连贯、结构严密的文章，脉络自然有序，充分体现了“突出语篇、强调运用”的高考命题指导思想。

对语篇逻辑的理解能力是完形填空主要的考查内容之一，这就要求考生不仅要注意句子中的词语搭配，更要从整体上把握文章的结构和脉络。

因此，借助语篇标志、理解逻辑关系，有助于快速准确地找出正确答案。

[增分技法1]转折关系
[典例1](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The 3，500 residents cannot all 36.enjoy the sunshine at the same time. __37__，the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 38.sun­starved residents.
37．A.Instead B．However
C．Gradually D．Similarly
[解析]B根据语境可知，此处表示转折，应用However。

[典例2](2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“Of course, we 22.notice it when the sun is shining，”says Karin Ro, who works for the to wn’s tourism office. “We see the sky is __23__，but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 24.cloudy day.”
23．A.empty B．blue
C．high D．wide
[解析]B天空是蔚蓝色的，但山谷却是比较阴暗的，犹如阴天一般。

根据句中的“but”可知，本空填入的词语与“darker”相对应，故blue“蓝色的，蔚蓝色的”符合语境。

[增分技法2]因果关系
[典例](2019·北京卷)Tina Stern 17.received rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free 18.transportation. “It’s not just a ride；you’re not just sitting there in 19.awkward silence or with your headphones on，”Stern said. “He asks you questions and actually 20.remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he’ll __21__ those things.”
21．A.act on B．settle on
C．check on D．agree on
[解析]C前文提到学生坐他的车时他与学生之间的问和答，这里说下次乘车的时候，威尔逊还会核实那些事情，用check on表示“核实，检查”。

act on“按照……行事”，settle on“选定”，agree on“就……达成一致意见”，均不符合语境。

[增分技法3]并列关系
[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove __46__. After a long and careful 47.search,__Greg
saw, across a field, the dog moving 48.cautiously away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49.joy. It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.
46．A.home B．past
C．back D．on
[解析]C由句中的and可知，此题可以根据并列关系解题。

根据本段的第一句“Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that lost dog.”可知，Ehlers回家了，但是他被那条走失的狗弄得心烦意乱，所以，四天后，他叫上他的朋友Greg，开车回去(back)寻找那条狗。

技法四设身处地揣情绪
完形填空往往选取具有浓厚教育意义的、具备正能量的记叙文、夹叙夹议文，讲述作者所见所闻的某个人或某一个群体经历的某件充满爱、善良、诚实等正能量的事情。

因此，考生在解答完形填空时，如果置身事外、见题解题，则既不能体会试卷的教育意义，也容易因“置身事外，不解其中真情”而出错；而将自身代入其中，与主人公一起悲喜，则容易深刻体会其中含义，选对答案。

[典例](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets... American Sign Language(美式手语)．
The 46.story began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47.performed their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48.idea of communicating without speaking 49.attracted me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50.past. This newness just left me 51.wanting more.
After that, feeling the need to __52__ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL Club’s meetings. I only learned how to 53.sign the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54.slow progress，I was excited.I then made it a point to 55.attend those meetings and learn all I could.
52．A.exercise B．explore
C．express D．explain
[解析]B利用文章发展脉络解题。

设身处地的揣摩作者的情绪，寻找答案。

所节选部分文章发展脉络为：大学第一周“我”观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演→“我”被表演所吸引→“我”想进一步学习更多手语方面的知识→“我”参加俱乐部的会议。

根据文章发展脉络及作者思想情绪的变化可知，第52题是在作者观看了美式手语俱乐部的表演后感到了进一步“探索”(explore)的必要。

故选B项。

技法五褒贬语境判曲直
每篇完形填空所表达的内容都有一定的褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了作者的特定心理、情绪状态和写作意图，因此利用文章内容的褒贬性就能对文章进行准确的逻辑判断，从而在吃透文意并准确传递文意的基础上推断出答案。

[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 59.close to it as I am to my dogs，”says Ehlers. “If it had been my dog, I’d hope that somebody would be __60__ to go that extra mile.”
60．A.suitable B．proud
C．wise D．willing
[解析]D利用感情色彩分析解题。

根据“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs”可知，Ehlers认为无论是谁丢失了狗，都很可能像他对待自己的狗一样亲近(be close to)它，因此可知Ehlers认为，如果他的狗走丢了，他希望有人愿意(willing)不怕麻烦地去给予帮助。

技法六生活常识巧利用
生活是一本书，世事洞明皆学问。

能根据生活常识答题，也是完形填空要考查的一个方面。

考生在把握全文大意的基础上，有时还需要根据生活常识和一般情理进行选择。

很多时候，完形填空的题目会涉及风俗习惯、文化、历史等方面的生活常识，这时考生需要联系相关常识进行解题，从而选出符合语境的最佳答案。

[典例](2019·全国卷Ⅱ)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50.advertised as lost in the local paper. The ad had a 51.phone number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers __52__ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53.found their dog.
52．A.called B．copied
C．counted D．remembered
[解析]A利用生活常识解题。

根据前面的“The ad had a phone number for a town in southern Michigan.”可知，既然寻狗启事上有电话号码，故Ehlers应是打电话(call)告诉Jeff 和Lisa，即狗的主人，他发现了他们的狗。

技法七排除技巧别忘记
做完形填空题时，当你用尽了几乎所有的办法都不能找出答案时，还有一个办法，那就是排除法。

将选项分别代入原文进行判断，只要所选选项在句意、词语搭配、褒贬词性、上下文文风等方面有一方面不符合，就可以判断该选项不符合该空，从而排除。

[典例](2018·浙江卷6月)We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it __36__ to have too much time?
36．A.true B．fair C．strange D．possible
[解析]D分析可知，句意为“我们都听说过时间比金钱更有价值，但拥有大把的时间是可能(possible)的吗”？将四个选项分别代入原文，可知D项符合语境。

(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They __41__ with them lots of waste. The __42__ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing, changing the __43__ of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m __44__ about the place—other destinations are described as “purer”natural experiences.
However, I soon __45__ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of __46__ among tons of rubbish. I find a __47__ mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are __48__ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be __49__．
The best of a Kilimanjaro __50__，in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are __51__ as spiritual places by many cultures. This __52__ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as __53__ go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters, __54__ lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather __55__—low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I __56__ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4，000 meters is the highland __57__：gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. __58__ you climb into an arctic-like zone with __59__ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro __60__ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
【解题导语】文章围绕人与自然的主题，讲述了乞力马扎罗山(Kilimanjaro)环境遭到破坏的现状，同时也介绍了它独特的生态系统，旨在呼吁人们去保护这一奇观。

41．A.keep B．mix
C．connect D．bring
D解析：根据首段第一句“Every year about 40，000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro”和下文的“The ______ might damage the beauty of the place.”可知，此处指他们带来了大量垃圾。

keep“保留”；mix“混合”；connect“联结”。

42．A.stories B．buildings
C．crowds D．reporters
C解析：根据首段第一句中的“40，000 people”可知，此处指人群可能破坏了这个地
方的美景。

crowd“人群”，符合语境。

story“故事”；building“建筑物”；reporter“记者”。

43．A.position B．age
C．face D．name
C解析：根据上文的“damage the beauty of the place”和“The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing”可知，这里指冰川正在消失，改变了乞力马扎罗山的地貌。

face“面貌，外观特征”，符合语境。

position“位置”；age“年龄，时代”；name“名称，名字”。

44．A.silent B．skeptical
C．serious D．crazy
B解析：上文提到乞力马扎罗山已经遭到破坏，我对这个地方开始持怀疑态度——其他的目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验。

silent“沉默的”；skeptical“怀疑的”；serious“严肃的”；crazy“疯狂的”。

45．A.discover B．argue
C．decide D．advocate
A解析：根据下文可知，不久，我就发现，自从读到关于营地里有很多垃圾的令人不安的报道以来，情况已经发生了很大变化。

discover“发现”；argue“争论”；decide“决定”；advocate“提倡，主张”。

46．A.equipment B．grass
C．camps D．stones
C解析：根据下文的“with toilets at camps and along the paths”可知，此处指营地里有很多垃圾。

camp“营地”，符合语境。

equipment“设备”；grass“草地”；stone“石块”。

47．A.remote B．quiet
C．tall D．clean
D解析：上文提到营地里有很多垃圾的情况已经发生了很大变化，此处指我发现了一座干净的山，营地和沿途都有厕所。

此处旨在说明乞力马扎罗山营地的变化。

remote“偏远的”；quiet“安静的”；tall“高的”；clean“干净的”。

48．A.new B．special
C．significant D．necessary
C解析：由上文的“tons of rubbish”可知，此处指环境的挑战是巨大的。

new“新的”；special“特别的，格外的”；significant“有重大意义的，重大的”；necessary“必要的”。

49．A.paying off B．spreading out
C．blowing up D．fading away
A解析：挑战虽大，但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局的努力似乎正在取得成效。

pay off“奏效，取得成功”；spread out“伸展，散开”；blow up“爆炸”；fade away“逐渐消失”。

50．A.atmosphere B．experience
C．experiment D．sight
B解析：乞力马扎罗山最好的体验不是到达顶峰。

atmosphere“气氛，大气”；experience“体验”；experiment“实验”；sight“视力，景物”。

51．A.studied B．observed
C．explored D．regarded
D解析：在许多文化中，山被认为是精神之所在。

study“研究”；observe“观察”；explore“探索”；regard“认为”。

52．A.view B．quality
C．reason D．purpose
A解析：在几公里的空间里，登山者经历五个生态系统，这种观点(山被认为是精神之所在)在乞力马扎罗山体现得尤其明显。

view“观点”；quality“质量”；reason“原因”；purpose“目的”。

53．A.scientists B．climbers
C．locals D．officials
B解析：此处指登山者。

scientist“科学家”；climber“登山者”；local“当地人”；official“官员”。

54．A.holding on to B．going back to
C．living up to D．giving way to
D解析：在乞力马扎罗山的不同海拔高度生长着不同的植被。

乞力马扎罗山的底部是一片热带雨林，它在海拔3 000米的地方突然中断，取而代之的是低矮的植物。

hold on to“保住”；go back to“追溯到”；live up to“不辜负”；give way to“被……代替”。

55．A.changes B．clears
C．improves D．permits
A解析：再往上走，天气变了——低垂的云笼罩着山坡，山坡上长满了茂密的草。

change“变化”；clear“放晴”；improve“改善，提高”；permit“许可，允许”。

56．A.match B．imagine
C．count D．add
C解析：从我站的地方，我数了数有十二种绿色。

match“相配”；imagine“想象”；count“数数”；add“增加”。

57．A.village B．desert
C．road D．lake
B解析：根据空后的“gravel(砾石), stones and rocks”可知，海拔4 000米以上是高原沙漠：砾石、石头和岩石。

village“村庄”；desert“沙漠”；road“道路”；lake“湖泊”。

58．A.Obviously B．Easily
C．Consequently D．Finally
D解析：最后，你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带，那里终年积雪，冰川可能很快就会消失。

obviously“明显地”；easily“容易地”；consequently“结果”；finally“最后，终于”。

59．A.permanent B．little
C．fresh D．artificial
A解析：参见上题解析。

permanent“永久的，永恒的”；little“小的”；fresh“新鲜的”；artificial“人造的，人工的”。

60．A.enjoy B．deserve
C．save D．acquire
B解析：乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山，络绎不绝的游客正在破坏和平的氛围，它值得这样赞誉吗？enjoy“享受……的乐趣”；deserve“值得”；save“节省，保存”；acquire“获得”。

Test 1
(2019·福州高三质量检测)I’ve been into environment-friendly things for ages, which started when I was 13 and my favorite teen magazine __1__ in the mail with a “Save the Earth, Girl！”cover. I remember it __2__！It was filled with all sorts of easy __3__ to go green.
Among many of the __4__ I learned that day：turning off the water while you brush your teeth __5__ 200 gallons of water every year—per person! I started doing that __6__.I mean, it is kind of a big deal considering Earth doesn’t have an unlimited __7__ of fresh water.
My parents were also __8__ for recycling and reusing, so we became the ones who __9__ rejected containers and used them for __10__，and the ones who carried our own bags to the grocery store and our own __11__ to the coffee shop. I knew it was the right thing to do for the environment.
Later, I tried to let my green flag fly! I either called out whoever littered in public __12__ collected magazines from my friends to __13__. Then the strangest thing happened: people started __14__ me. One by one, my friends began to turn off the lights, buy recycled notebooks, and __15__ paper back into the printer to make use of the other __16__. It’s not that they were so __17__ about the environment, but they were drawn to my confidence.
I’m wild about environmental protection and would stand __18__，saying，“Yeah, this is what I’m into.”__19__ others don’t share your enthusiasm, they will envy your confidence and want to be like you, and that means __20__ your example.
【解题导语】文章主要讲述了作者从13岁偶然接触一本青少年杂志起，致力于环保生活，从身边的小事做起，感染着身边的朋友，做环保先锋，唤起人们的环保意识。

1．A.existed B．arrived
C．returned D．printed
B解析：句意：我致力于环保很多年，环保开始于我13岁那年，我最喜欢的带着“救救地球，女孩！”封面的青少年杂志邮寄到达之时。

故选B。

2．A.carefully B．correctly
C．clearly D．occasionally
C解析：句意：我清楚地记得这本杂志。

故选C。

3．A.tips B．questions
C．jobs D．decisions
A解析：句意：青少年杂志中都是各种各样的易于环保的小建议。

故选A。

4．A.reasons B．debates
C．lessons D．facts
D解析：根据下文“那天我学到的事实有”可知此题答案为“facts”。

故选D。

5．A.weighs B．stores
C．saves D．totals
C解析：句意：在刷牙时关闭水龙头，每人每年可节省200加仑水。

故选C。

6．A.at times B．right away
C．after all D．at last
B解析：根据句意，作者立刻马上付诸行动。

at times“有时”；after all“毕竟，终究”；at last“最后”。

故选B。

7．A.amount B．control
C．use D．flow
A解析：根据句意，作者的意思是考虑到地球没有无限量的淡水，这是一件大事。

“an amount of ＋不可数名词”是固定搭配，意为“许多，大量”。

故选A。

8．A.famous B．sorry
C．eager D．suitable
C解析：作者父母也渴望循环使用和再利用。

be famous for“因……而出名”；be sorry for“因……而抱歉”；be suitable for“对……适合”；be eager for“渴望”。

be eager for符合句意。

故选C。

9．A.washed out B．took away
C．gave out D．threw away
A解析：根据下文“rejected containers and used them for”可知，作者及家人是“洗净”了被抛弃的容器。

wash out“洗净”；take away“带走”；give out“分布，发出”；throw away“扔掉”。

故选A。

10．A.collection B．show
C．storage D．decoration
C解析：洗净被抛弃的容器，并且使用它们存东西。

storage符合句意。

故选C。

11．A.drinks B．books
C．coins D．cups
D解析：根据下文“to the coffee shop”可知，应该是cups。

故选D。

12．A.but B．and
C．so D．or
D解析：根据前文either可知，此处是either...or并列连词，连接两个并列的谓语动词。

故选D。

13．A.recycle B．process
C．resell D．donate
A解析：从朋友处收集杂志去循环使用。

recycle“循环”；process“加工，处理”；
resell“再卖”；donate“捐献”。

故选A。

14．A.serving B．copying
C．observing D．reminding
B解析：根据下文朋友的做法可知是人们效仿作者。

serve“服务”；copy“拷贝，效仿”；observe“观察”；remind“提醒，提及”。

故选B。

15．A.pay B．take
C．feed D．turn
C解析：根据句意，并且把纸的背面放入打印机中去充分利用另一面。

选项中只有feed 符合句意。

feed...back into“把……放进机器；将……塞进机器”。

故选C。

16．A.sheet B．part
C．version D．side
D解析：根据上一句句意可知是充分利用纸的另一面。

故side符合句意。

故选D。

17．A.curious B．concerned
C．optimistic D．serious
B解析：根据下文“而是被我的自信心所吸引”可知，他们并不是如此关心环境。

be curious about“对……好奇”；be concerned about“对……关心”；be optimistic about“对……乐观”；be serious about“对……严肃认真”。

故选B。

18．A.proudly B．politely
C．calmly D．patiently
A解析：根据下文所说的内容可知，作者是自豪地站着说，故选proudly。

故选A。

19．A.Now that B．Even if
C．Unless D．Before
B解析：根据下文他们将羡慕你的自信心并且想要成为像你一样的人，可知和此空形成让步关系。

now that“既然”；even if“即使”；unless“除非”；before“在……之前”。

故选B。

20．A.setting B．making
C．giving D．following
D解析：根据上题解析可知，想要成为像你一样的人。

故“效仿你”符合句意。

故选D。

[长难句分析]My parents were also eager for recycling and reusing, so we became the ones who washed out rejected containers and used them for storage, and the ones who carried our own bags to the grocery store and our own cups to the coffee shop.(第三段第一句)
分析：本句是主从复合句。

so引导结果状语从句；两个who都引导定语从句。

译文：我的父母也渴望回收和再利用，所以我们成为了那些将弃用的容器清洗并将其用于储存的人，以及那些带着自己的袋子去杂货店和带着自己的杯子去咖啡店的人。

Test 2
(2019·湖南雅礼中学高三模拟)Early spring can be a tough time in the Midwest. It can take both people and animals by surprise with its __1__ snowstorms.
My house is built in a high position so that my backyard __2__ a large pond. Every spring, migratory birds(候鸟) camp out in the pond on the way to their summer __3__. This year, among others, hundreds of scaups, a type of diving duck, spent several days __4__ there, diving for food.
Then the snowstorm __5__，followed by a very cold night. As the open water of the pond __6__ into icy desolation(荒凉), the scaups took off for a more __7__ habitat(栖息地)．The next morning, I found that all birds had disappeared __8__—except one lone female, who was diving energetically in her little circle of open water. Her movements and body heat had kept the __9__ from coming close. She __10__ swam around as I watched her from the __11__ of my warm home.
As time passed, the open water around the duck got smaller and smaller, and her movements slowed.__12__，she was in danger. I watched with __13__ as she eventually stopped moving, and I feared she was dead.
Then it happened. Two more ducks suddenly appeared, landing next to her __14__ body. And then more ducks came, and the circle of water came __15__ with their swimming and diving. Within minutes, the lone female, too, was swimming and diving happily, returning to consciousness by her friends’__16__.
This little duck’s friends probably saved her life. She wouldn’t have __17__ another night in the frozen pond. And she, __18__，had done them a favor by keeping that small area of water open, so they had a place to stop and __19__ themselves.
It made me consider how we could have a deep effect on the people around us. A look, an action, a few words—even our mere presence—might __20__ somenone’s day. It might change one’s path, or even save one’s life.
【解题导语】文章通过叙述母鸭陷入危险最终得救的故事告诉我们：一个眼神、一个动作、寥寥数语，甚至仅仅是我们的出现，都可能给某个人的生活带来光明。

这可能改变一个人的道路，甚至挽救一个人的生命。

1．A.uncertain B．unexpected
C．unwanted D．unplanned
B解析：根据上文中的“It can take both people and animals by surprise”可知，早春会出现意想不到的暴风雪，让人们和动物都大吃一惊。

B项意为“意料之外的”，符合语境。

故选B。

2．A.overlooks B．becomes
C．resembles D．contains
A解析：根据本句中的“My house is built in a high position so that my backyard ______ a large pond.”可知，作者家的房子建在很高的位置，所以能俯瞰一个大池塘。

A项意为“俯瞰，远眺”，符合语境。

故选A。

3．A.homes B．times
C．vacations D．teams
A解析：根据下文语境可知，候鸟在池塘里安家。

A项意为“家”，符合语境。

故选A。

4．A.bringing out B．handing out
C．hanging out D．putting out
C解析：根据文中的“hundreds of scaups, a type of diving duck, spend several days ______ there, diving for food”可知，上百只潜鸭在那里闲逛，潜水觅食。

C项意为“闲逛”，符合语境。

故选C。

5．A.appeared B．formed
C．grew D．hit
D解析：根据本句“Then the snowstorm ______，followed by a very cold night.”可知，暴风雪突然袭击，紧随其后的是一个非常寒冷的夜晚。

故选D。

6．A.squeezed B．split
C．spread D．shrank
D解析：根据第五段第一句中的“the open water around the duck got smaller and smaller”可知，池塘开阔的水域逐渐缩小。

D项意为“使缩小，使收缩”，符合语境。

故选D。

7．A.portable B．livable
C．movable D．enjoyable
B解析：根据上文可知，池塘的水结冰了，不再适合活动，所以潜鸭们去往更适宜居住的栖息地。

B项意为“宜居的”，符合语境。

故选B。

8．A.immediately B．forever
C．overnight D．temporarily
C解析：根据上文“Then the snowstorm ______，followed by a very cold night.”及语境可知，第二天早上，作者发现所有的鸟都在一夜之间消失了。

C项意为“一夜之间，突然”，符合语境。

故选C。

9．A.ice B．storm
C．waves D．hunters
A解析：根据上下文语境可知，这只母鸭尽量用她的体温和身体运动的热量使开阔的水域不被冰封住。

A项意为“冰”，符合语境。

B项意为“暴风雪”；C项意为“波浪”；D项意为“猎人”，均与语境不符。

故选A。

10．A.cautiously B．tiredly
C．bravely D．helplessly
C解析：根据下文可知，母鸭勇敢地在池塘里游着。

C项意为“勇敢地”，符合语境。

故选C。

11．A.harmony B．comfort
C．mess D．quietness
B解析：根据下文中的“my warm home”可知，作者在舒适、温暖的家里看着这只母鸭勇敢地在池塘里游着。

B项意为“舒适”，符合语境。

故选B。

12．A.Particularly B．Surprisingly
C．Obviously D．Normally
C解析：根据上一句“As time passed, the open water around the duck got smaller and smaller, and her movements slowed.”可知，随着时间的流逝，母鸭周围的水域越来越小，它的动作也减慢了。

显然，它有危险。

C项意为“明显地，显然地”，符合语境。

故选C。

13．A.respect B．curiosity
C．guilt D．anxiety
D解析：根据下文中的“and I feared she was dead”可知，作者很担心母鸭。

D项意为“担心，焦虑”，符合语境。

故选D。

14．A.still B．wet
C．dead D．fat。