人教版高中英语必修1Unit 4Earthquakes辅导讲义及答案

必修1Unit 4
Earthquakes 重
点单
词1．crack n ．裂缝；噼啪声
v t .&v i .(使)开裂；破裂2．event n ．事件；大事
3．ruin n ．废墟；毁灭v t .毁灭；使破产
4．track n ．轨道；足迹；痕迹
5．useless adj .无用的；无效的；无益的
6．trap v t .使陷入困境n ．陷阱；困境
7．bury v t .埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
8．shelter n ．掩蔽；掩蔽处v t .掩蔽，遮蔽；庇护
9．damage n ．&v t .损失；损害
10．sincerely ad v .真诚地；真挚地
11．outline n ．要点；大纲；轮廓
12．headline n ．报刊的大字标题
13．earthquake ；quake n ．地震14．burst n ．突然破裂；爆发v i .爆裂；爆发→burst (过去式)→burst (过去分
词)
15．nation n ．民族；国家；国民→national adj .国家的；民族的→nationality n ．国籍
16．extreme adj .极度的→extremely ad v .极其；非常
17．injure v t .损害；伤害→injury n ．损害；伤害→injured adj .受伤的
18．destroy v t .破坏；毁坏；消灭→destruction n ．毁坏；毁灭
19．shock v t .&v i .(使)震惊；震动
n ．休克；打击；震惊→shocked adj .震惊的→shocking adj .令人震惊的
20．rescue n ．&v t .援救；营救→rescuer n ．救援者
21．electricity n ．电；电流；电学→electric adj .用电的→electrical adj .与电有关的；电气科学的
22．disaster n ．灾难；灾祸→disastrous adj .毁灭性的；灾难的
23．mine n ．矿；矿山；矿井→miner n ．矿工
24．frighten v t .使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj .受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening
adj
.令人恐惧的
25．congratulation n ．祝贺；(pl .)贺词→congratulate v t .祝贺
26．judge n ．裁判员；法官
v t .断定；判断；判决→judg (e )ment n ．意见；判断力；审判
27．express v t .表示；表达
n ．快车；速递→expression n ．表达；表示；表情重
点短
语1．right_away 立刻；马上
2．as_if 仿佛；好像
3．at_an_end 结束；终结4．in_ruins 严重受损；破败不堪5．dig_out 掘出；发现6．a_(great )_number_of 许多；大量的
7．judge_by/from 根据/由……判断
8．be_buried_in 埋头于
重
点句
型1．部分否定的用法
All hope was not lost.(教材P 26)
2．everywhere 引导状语从句
Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.(教材P 26)3．“all of ＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句Your speech was heard by a group of five judges,all of whom agreed that it was the
best one this year.(教材P 30)
4．be doing sth when …意为“正在做某事这时(突然)……”
The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.(教材P 31)
语
法要
点定语从句(Ⅰ)(that,which,who 和whose 引导)
1．A huge crack that w as eight kilometers long and thirty meters w ide cut across
houses,roads and canals.(教材P 26)2．The number of people w ho w ere killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.(教材P 26)
3．Then,later that afternoon,another big quake w hich w as almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.(教材P 26)
4．Workers built shelters for survivors w hose homes had been destroyed .(教材P 26)1burst v i .&v t .(burst,burst)爆裂；爆发；突然出现
n ．[C]突然破裂；爆发
In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(教材P 26)
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。

(1)burst in/into 闯入；突然破门而入
(2)burst out
burst into tears/laughter
突然哭起来/笑起来(3)burst 大声唱起来；突然唱起歌来
突然起火(4)burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/乐不可支
(5)a burst of 一阵……
①The police burst in/into the house and arrested the gang.
警察突然闯进房子逮捕了那帮人。

②Aileen burst out crying (cry)for a while,and burst into laughter (laugh)for another moment,which left us at a loss.
艾琳一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。

③He burst with anger when he found out the truth.
当发现真相后他勃然大怒。

④Reading The Emperor 's Ne w Clothes,I had to let out a burst of laughter over his foolishness.
读了《皇帝的新装》，我不禁为他的愚蠢而捧腹大笑。

2ruin n ．[U]毁灭；毁坏；[pl .]废墟；遗迹
v t .毁坏；(使)破产；(使)堕落
In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(教材P 26
)在可怕的15秒内，一座大城市就沦为了废墟。

in ruins 成为废墟
…to ruin ＝lay …in ruins
使……毁灭；使……没落；使……破产
＋to/into ruin 灭亡；荒废
自取灭亡
health/fame 毁坏某人的健康/名誉
①A large number of churches fell into ruin after the war.
战争过后，许多教堂都被毁了。

②Bad weather ruined our holidays.
坏天气把我们的假日全给搅了。

3injure v t .损害；伤害
Two­thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(教材P26)他们中有三分之二的人在地震中伤亡。

(1)injure one's pride/feelings/reputation
伤害某人的自尊心/感情/名声
adj.受伤的；受委屈的
injured伤员(作主语时，常表示复数概念)
n.损伤；伤口；伤害
an injury to sb/do sb an injury伤害某人
①This could seriously injure the company's reputation.
这会严重损害公司的声誉。

②Her boyfriend was badly injured in an accident and he may become a vegetable.
她男朋友在事故中受伤严重，可能会变成植物人。

③When we reached the scene of the accident,we were told that the injured(injure)had been sent to the nearest hospital.
当我们到达事故现场时，我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。

④Last week,four police officers suffered serious injuries(injure)in the explosion.
上周，4名警官在爆炸中受重伤。

【比较网站】
inju
re
指由于意外或事故而受伤，精神上的伤害多用hurt。

hur
t
受伤，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神上的伤害。

wo
und
指外伤，如枪伤、刀伤，尤指战争中、战斗中受伤。

4
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(教材P26)军队组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，并将死者掩埋。

(1)
bury oneself
be buried in
埋头于……；专心于……
(2)bury one's face/head in(one's)hands双手掩面/抱头
①Ever since he moved there,he has_buried(bury)himself in his research work.
＝Ever since he moved there,he has_been_buried(bury)in his research work.
自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。

②Buried(bury)in his study,he didn't know that all the others had left.
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。

③She buried her face in her hands and cried when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。

【提示】表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
be devoted to,be lost/engaged/absorbed in,focus/concentrate on,fix/concentrate one's attention on。

5judge n．裁判员；法官
v t.断定；判断；判决
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges,all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year.(教材P30)
五位评委听了你的演讲，他们都同意这是今年最好的。

…from/by从……来判断……
between right and wrong判断是非
far as I can judge据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from从……上看；根据……判断
n.判断；审判；意见；判断力
one's judgement依某人看来，按某人的看法
①If he had played a part in the film,he would have_been_judged(judge)to be the best actor this year.
如果他当时出演了那部电影的话，他就会被评定为今年的最佳男演员了。

②Judging(judge)from the above story,we can draw the conclusion that we don't judge a book by/from its cover.
从上面的故事判断，我们可以得出这样的结论：我们不要以貌取人。

③In my judgement(judge),it is necessary to pay him a visit.
在我看来，有必要去拜访一下他。

【提示】judging from/by表示“从……来看；根据……来判断”，用在句首时为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态的影响。

1at an end结束；终结
It seemed as if the world was at an end!(教材P26)
似乎世界末日来临了！
…to an end使……终止
to an end结束
an end to使……终止
(2)make(both)ends meet使收支相抵；量入为出。