【高中英语】Unit 3-(人教版2019选择性必修第三册)(含答案)

Unit3Environmental Protection
Part One词汇句式一遍过
I.阅读障碍词——写出下列单词的汉语意思
1.emission n.__________________
2.ecology n.__________________
3.carbon dioxide__________________
4.graph n.__________________
5.footprint n.__________________
6.moderate adj.__________________vi.&vt.__________________
7.chaos n.__________________
8.enterprise n.__________________
9.disposal n.__________________
10.agenda n.__________________
II.核心四会词——根据汉语写出单词
1.__________vi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
2.__________vt.&n.排放；释放；发布
3.__________n.燃料；刺激性言行
4.__________adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
5.__________n.趋势；趋向；动向
6.__________vt.&vi.播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目
7.__________n.政策；方针；原则
8.__________vt.抓住；夺取；控制
9.__________vi.&vt.改革；(使)改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良
10.__________vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)
11.__________adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴
12.__________adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
13.__________n.(热带)丛林；密林
14.__________n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
15.__________n.垃圾；废物
16.__________vt.恢复；使复原；修复
17.__________n.(一)打；十二个
18.__________vt.对……处以罚款
19.__________n.运动；战役vi.&vt.参加运动；领导运动
20.__________adj.适合居住的
III.拓展延伸词——根据词性和汉语意思写单词
1.starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→__________n.挨饿；饿死
2.sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→__________adj.可持续的；合理利用的
3.frequent adj.频繁的；时常发生的→__________adv.频繁地；经常→__________n.频率；频繁
4.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→__________n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
5.harmony n.和谐；协调→__________adj.和谐的；协调一致的
6.submit vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→__________n.提交；呈递；屈服
7.sense n.意思；感官→__________adj.明智的；合理的→__________adj.敏感的；善解人意的；
灵敏的
8.conserve vt.节约；保护；保存→__________n.对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→__________adj.保
守的；守旧的
9.regular adj.规则的；有规律的；定期的→__________vt.(用规则条例)约束，控制，管理→__________n.章程；规章制度；管理，调节
10.inspect vt.检查；审视；视察→__________n.检查；查看；视察→__________n.检察员；督察员
11.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→__________adj.宽容的；容忍的→__________n.容忍
IV.重点短语英汉互译
(i)课内基础达标
1.__________代表(代替)某人
2.__________许多；很多
3.__________对……产生影响
4.____________________被困在大气层中
5.____________________朝着清洁的、可持续发展的未来迈进
6.reduce our“carbon footprint”__________
7.carry out inspections regularly__________
8.set up strict regulations__________
9.seize every opportunity__________
10.with such campaigns in effect__________
(ii)课外拓展延伸
1.____________________被饿死
2.____________________抓住某人的手臂
3.____________________向……提交……
4.____________________容忍做某事
5.____________________为……所熟悉
6.scores of__________
7.restrict one’s freedom__________
8.sustain economic growth__________
9.a harmonious relationship with nature__________
10.be sensitive to__________
V.经典句式过关练
(i)课内基础达标——补全句子
1.如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。

(含蓄虚拟语气)
Without this process,Earth____________________.
2.抓住每个机会来教育大家关于全球变暖的知识以及它的原因和影响是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。

(It is one’s responsibility to do sth)
____________________________about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
3.以往，漓江的水质因为游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。

(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
Previously,water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, ______________________________.
4.当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，感到应该采取紧急措施恢复河流的原貌。

(宾语从句) Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt
__________________________________.
(ii)课外拓展延伸——补全句子
1.我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。

(starve)
I____________________,because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.
2.对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。

(submit)
Those who are interested in the summer camp____________________by May15.
3.在一些专家看来，火星上的生活条件是很难忍受的。

(tolerate)
In some experts’opinion,living conditions on the Mars____________________.
4.我们团队将参加各种各样的活动，例如代表我们学校参加一些全国性比赛。

(behalf)
Our team will take part in a variety of activities,such as______________________________.
Part Two核心考点基础练
I.词形变化练
1.The concert________(broadcast)live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.
2.Many experts have realized that the current medical system needs________(reform)to meet the needs of our increasing aging population.
3.As is known to us all,a_______(harmony)society means that human beings can live in harmony with each other.
4.Many of these genes produce proteins(蛋白质)that can improve blood sugar________(regulate).
5.It was written in1946,since when the education system_________(undergo)great changes.
6.World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated_________(annual)by consumer organizations worldwide.
7.The construction of waste water treatment facilities improved the water quality and water______ (conserve).
8.With time going by，more and more countries have realized that________(sustain)development is vital for human beings.
II.固定用法练
1.There is convincing evidence______skin cancer is linked to exposure to the sun.
2.Jane was sensitive______emotional problems and it was difficult for her to handle the problems
properly.
3.All the teachers and students will attend the music festival,many of_______will show their talents.
4.The question________we can reduce the cost is still under discussion.
5.In contrast to our ignorance of saving food,many people especially those in poverty-stricken areas are suffering_______starvation.
6.There is no doubt that the compass,paper,gunpowder,and the art of printing are called the four great inventions that China contributed_____the world.
7.Parents are convinced that plenty of praise will make kids more confident,which actually has a negative effect______them.
8.She was picked out from_______(dozen)of students to participate in the competition______behalf of the school.
Part Three高考题型强化练
I.阅读理解
A
In2022,more than1.4million young people around the globe took part in the School Strikes for Climate Action protests that were largely advocated by17-year-old Swedish activist Greta Thunberg.The inspirational young Swede,while a media favorite,is far from the first or last young person to fight for a better environmental future.
With the rise of social media in recent years,websites such as YouTube provide accessible coverage on ecological matters that quickly gather millions of views,and links to new scientific information are easily shared between peers.But,it’s not just online research that exposes the truth,and it’s not a distant threat either.Climate change is happening around us as we speak;an increase of droughts and heat waves means a loss of crop production and one and a half acres of forest is cut down every second.
Of course,just because young people are now readily armed with statistics such as these doesn’t mean all adults will eagerly listen to them.Many write off young activists simply due to their age,and others still aren’t willing to see the environmental challenges we face,but that doesn’t mean a difference can’t be made.
A study on participants aged16-24in the UN climate negotiations revealed that adults perceived younger activists as being more trustworthy due to the lack of financial incentives(刺激)to be there.
Young activists often have an independent view of what’s going on and，being free from politics，they often say what adults aren’t willing to.
So,it seems achieving a carbon neutral world in the future might depend on young determined voices inspiring experienced adults who can make a difference.
1.Why is Greta Thunberg mentioned in the first paragraph?
A.To show that the young activists are playing a part.
B.To give an introduction to Greta Thunberg.
C.To illustrate the seriousness of climate change.
D.To arouse readers’interest in environmental protection.
2.What does the underlined phrase“write off”in Paragraph3probably mean?
A.Consider unimportant.
B.Take seriously.
C.Give up.
D.Write down.
3.What does Paragraph4focus on?
A.The way young activists work.
B.The advantages young activists have.
C.The contributions young activists make.
D.The views young activists hold.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the
A.Greta Thunberg:an outstanding activist.
B.Climate change:a matter needing everyone’s attention.
C.The rise of social media makes ecological matters accessible.
D.The young are making a difference to the environmental future.
B
If you were to throw,say,a banana peel out of your car while driving along the motorway，that would be a completely harmless action,due to the fact that it’s part of a fruit—right?Actually,no.A banana peel can take up to two years to be naturally processed,and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving,that’s a whole lot of discarded banana peels.An orange peel and a cigarette butt have a similar biodegrading(生物降解)term to that of a banana peel,but tin cans last up to100years;and plastic bottles last forever,so do glass bottles.
Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer,we can’t merely measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime.For example, despite having a fairly short length of biodegrading time，more than120tons of cigarette-related litter is discarded in the UK every day.
It’s not a cheap habit either:to keep our streets clean annually costs UK taxpayers￡500million,and when you include our green spaces,that goes up to￡1billion.So,it’s not surprising that if caught fly-tipping you could face a￡20,000fine or even jail time and,if you dispose of something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve.Regardless of how severe these punishments might seem, however,among the reported cases only2,000were found guilty out of825,000,so we still have some way to go in making sure people obey the rules.
5.What does the underlined word“discarded”in Para.1mean?
A.Harmless.
B.Processed.
C.Thrown.
D.Long-lasting.
6.Which of the following has the longest biodegrading term?
A.Glass bottles.
B.Tin cans.
C.Cigarette butts.
D.Banana peels.
7.What can be inferred from the passage?
A.The severity of rubbish can be measured only by its lifetime.
B.Quite a few people were found guilty of illegally littering.
C.Every year UK taxpayers spend￡500million keeping streets free of dirt.
D.Cigarette-related litter and peels can be ignored for their fairly short lifetime.
8.What is the purpose of the passage?
A.To inform readers of different biodegrading terms.
B.To call for people not to litter illegally.
C.To encourage people to use fewer plastic bags.
D.To stress the importance of good behavior.
II.七选五
How to Show Maturity
Sometimes it’s fun to be a kid,but other times you want to show that you can be mature.Maturity can be a signpost of moving from childhood to adulthood.__1__Maturity is not a set of rules or expectations,
but it is a concept.Here are some ways to help you become mature.
●Live by your values.Maturity includes making decisions based on your values and morals,instead of what feels good at the moment.__2__Let your character master your desires.Show people that you are willing to live out your values,even if it presents minor inconveniences to you.
●__3__When you were younger,your schedule was made for you:you went to school or sports or dance.Now,you may have more ability to make your own schedule.When you say you will do something, do it.Even if it isn’t your idea of fun,show people that they can count on you and that you are reliable.
●Treat people with respect.Respect builds trust and support in a relationship.Make sure you treat others with the same respect,whether it is your parents,friends or romantic partner.__4__
●Admit your disadvantages.__5__Don’t blame other people for the problems in your life.All relationships are interactional,meaning that you both contribute to how you feel and what happens.It’s much easier to blame people for how bad you feel,but recognize your role，and take responsibility for your actions.
A.Keep your commitments.
B.This is a very mature action.
C.Reflect on what makes you active.
D.Allow your values to guide your life.
E.Respect others with both your actions and your words.
F.A good way to learn respect is to first respect yourself.
G.It can include intellectual，emotional and even spiritual aspects.
III.应用文写作
假定你是李华，上周日你校组织学生进行了“垃圾分类”宣讲活动，请给学校英文网站写一篇报道，内容包括：
1.参加人员；
2.活动内容；
3.活动反响。

注意：1.词数80左右；2.短文题目已为你写好。

Garbage classification starts from ourselves
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________
答案部分
Part One词汇句式一遍过
I.阅读障碍词——写出下列单词的汉语意思
1.emission n.排放物；散发物；排放
2.ecology n.生态；生态学
3.carbon dioxide二氧化碳
4.graph n.图；图表；曲线图
5.footprint n.足迹；(某物所占的)空间量；面积
6.moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的vi.&vt.缓和；使适中
7.chaos n.混乱；杂乱；紊乱
8.enterprise n.公司；企业；事业
9.disposal n.去掉；清除；处理
10.agenda n.议程表；议事日程
II.核心四会词——根据汉语写出单词
1.melt vi.&vt.(使)融化；熔化；软化
2.release vt.&n.排放；释放；发布
3.fuel n.燃料；刺激性言行
4.worldwide adv.遍及全球地adj.世界各地的；影响全世界的
5.trend n.趋势；趋向；动向
6.broadcast vt.&vi.播送；广播；传播n.广播节目；电视节目
7.policy n.政策；方针；原则
8.seize vt.抓住；夺取；控制
9.reform vi.&vt.改革；(使)改正；改造n.改革；变革；改良
10.undergo vt.经历；经受(变化、不快等)
11.annual adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴
12.sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
13.jungle n.(热带)丛林；密林
14.smog n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
15.garbage n.垃圾；废物
16.restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复
17.dozen n.(一)打；十二个
18.fine vt.对……处以罚款
19.campaign n.运动；战役vi.&vt.参加运动；领导运动
20.habitable adj.适合居住的
III.拓展延伸词——根据词性和汉语意思写单词
1.starve vi.&vt.(使)挨饿；饿死→starvation n.挨饿；饿死
2.sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住→sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的
3.frequent adj.频繁的；时常发生的→frequently adv.频繁地；经常→frequency n.频率；频繁
4.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚→restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束
5.harmony n.和谐；协调→harmonious adj.和谐的；协调一致的
6.submit vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服→submission n.提交；呈递；屈服
7.sense n.意思；感官→sensible adj.明智的；合理的→sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的
8.conserve vt.节约；保护；保存→conservation n.对(环境、文物等)保护；保持→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的
9.regular adj.规则的；有规律的；定期的→regulate vt.(用规则条例)约束，控制，管理→regulation n.章程；规章制度；管理，调节
10.inspect vt.检查；审视；视察→inspection n.检查；查看；视察→inspector n.检察员；督察员
11.tolerate vt.忍受；包容；容许→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n.容忍
IV.重点短语英汉互译
(i)课内基础达标
1.on behalf of代表(代替)某人
2.dozens of许多；很多
3.have an impact on对……产生影响
4.be trapped in the atmosphere被困在大气层中
5.head towards a clean and sustainable future朝着清洁的、可持续发展的未来迈进
6.reduce our“carbon footprint”减少我们的“碳足迹”
7.carry out inspections regularly定期进行检查
8.set up strict regulations制定严格的规定
9.seize every opportunity抓住每一个机会
10.with such campaigns in effect随着这些行动的展开
(ii)课外拓展延伸
1.be starved to death被饿死
2.seize sb by the arm抓住某人的手臂
3.submit...to...向……提交……
4.tolerate doing sth容忍做某事
5.be familiar to为……所熟悉
6.scores of许多，大量
7.restrict one’s freedom限制某人的自由
8.sustain economic growth维持经济增长
9.a harmonious relationship with nature与自然和谐相处
10.be sensitive to对……敏感
V.经典句式过关练
(i)课内基础达标——补全句子
1.如果没有这个过程，地球就不能维持生命。

(含蓄虚拟语气)
Without this process,Earth could not sustain life.
2.抓住每个机会来教育大家关于全球变暖的知识以及它的原因和影响是我们的责任，因为这是影响地球上所有人的最严重的问题。

(It is one’s responsibility to do sth)
It is our responsibility to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming,along with its causes and impacts,because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
3.以往，漓江的水质因为游客量的增长遭到了严重破坏，一些游客频繁将垃圾扔入江中。

(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)
Previously，water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists,many
of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.
4.当地官员担心污染正在破坏自然环境，感到应该采取紧急措施恢复河流的原貌。

(宾语从句) Local officials were concerned that the pollution was damaging the natural environment and felt that urgent steps should be taken to restore the river’s original beauty.
(ii)课外拓展延伸——补全句子
1.我渴望学好英语，因为掌握英语意味着我们可以通过一个新窗口看世界。

(starve)
I am starving to study English well,because mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.
2.对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。

(submit)
Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15.
3.在一些专家看来，火星上的生活条件是很难忍受的。

(tolerate)
In some experts’opinion,living conditions on the Mars are very hard to tolerate.
4.我们团队将参加各种各样的活动，例如代表我们学校参加一些全国性比赛。

(behalf)
Our team will take part in a variety of activities,such as participating in some national competitions on behalf of our school.
Part Two核心考点基础练
I.词形变化练
1.was broadcast
2.reforming/to be reformed
3.harmonious
4.regulation
5.has undergone
6. annually
7.conservation
8.Sustainable
II.固定用法练
1.that
2.to
3.whom
4.whether
5.from
6.to
7.on
8.dozens;on
Part Three高考题型强化练
【语篇解读】本文是新闻报道，主要讲述了年轻人正在为未来的环境做出改变。

未来可能要靠年轻人坚定的声音来激励可以产生影响力的、有丰富经历的成年人，让他们有所作为。

1.A推理判断题。

根据第一段可知，17岁的格里塔·桑伯格大力倡导的抗议活动得到了全球超过百万年轻人的支持。

由此可推知，作者在第一段中提到格里塔·桑伯格是为了表明年轻的积极分子正在发挥作用。

2.A。

词句猜测题。

根据第三段第一句可知，成年人并不会轻易地倾听年轻人的意见。

由此可推知，
画线短语所在句的意思是“很多人仅仅因为年龄就认为年轻活动家不重要”，因此画线短语应意为“认为……不重要”，与A项意思一致。

3.B。

主旨大意题。

通读第四段尤其是最后一句可知，本段主要讲述了年轻的积极分子相较于成年人所拥有的优势。

4.D。

主旨大意题。

通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，本文主要讲述了年轻人正在为未来的环境做出改变。

未来可能要靠年轻人坚定的声音来激励可以产生影响力的、有丰富经历的成年人。

由此可知，D项“年轻人正在对未来的环境产生影响”能概括文章大意，适合做标题。

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

在我们所扔的垃圾中，不同的垃圾被分解时需要的时间不同，我们也不能仅凭垃圾被分解时需要的时间判断其严重性，我们要爱护环境、合法扔垃圾。

5.C。

词句猜测题。

根据画线词前的“admitting to littering”可知，此处表示被丢弃的香蕉皮。

6.A。

推理判断题。

根据第一段最后一句可知，plastic bottles和glass bottles的生物降解时间最长。

7.C。

细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“to keep our streets clean annually costs UK taxpayers￡500 million”可知，每年英国纳税人需花费5亿英镑来保持街道干净。

8.B。

推理判断题。

根据全文所述可知，在我们所扔的垃圾中，不同的垃圾被分解时需要的时间不同，我们也不能仅凭垃圾被分解时需要的时间判断其严重性。

故该篇文章旨在号召大家合法扔垃圾。

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

文章介绍了一些可以帮助你变得成熟的方法。

1.G。

过渡衔接句。

根据下面的小标题可知，此空需填概述性句子。

空前讲述成熟可以是从童年走
G项“它可以包括智力、情感甚至精神方面”承上启下。

2.D。

过渡衔接句。

根据小标题“按照自己的价值观生活”可知，D项“让你的价值观指导你的生活”符合本段内容，并且与空后的“Let...”和“Show...”在行文风格上保持一致。

3.A。

主旨概括句。

根据本段的“When you say you will do something，do it.”可知，当你说你想做什么事时就去做。

故可推知，本段讲述言出必行。

故可用“遵守诺言”作本段的小标题。

4.E。

过渡衔接句。

根据本段的小标题“尊重他人”可知，E项“言行都要尊重他人”符合本段的主要内容，并且承接空前句“确保你以同样的尊重对待他人，无论是你的父母、朋友还是恋人”。

5.B。

过渡衔接句。

根据本段的小标题“承认自己的缺点”可知，承认缺点本身就是一个成熟的标志。

B项中的“This”指代“Admit your disadvantages.”。

【参考范文】
Garbage classification starts from ourselves
Last Sunday we witnessed a special garbage classification activity,which drew the attention of students
in our school.
First,as scheduled,our headmaster delivered a speech in the open ter,at9:00a.m.,the experienced biology teacher gave our students a class of how to classify garbage and the garbage classification system.Then,we held a competition of garbage classification,which strengthened our study ability.
By attending the activity,not only did we enrich our knowledge,but also we enhanced our awareness of environment.。