语法复习之句子的种类
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一、CAADD，BAADC，ACAAC， BDCAA，ABCAB 二、1.doesn’t plan 2.How often 3.haven’t cleaned 4.don’t they 5.Is she 6.How many 7.What an 8. isn’t there 9. How far 10. What time
3.You never told me the reason,___? A.weren’t you B. didn’t you C.had you D. did you 4.Nobody says a word about the accident,__? A. do he B. doesn’t he C. do they D. did he 5.Nothing he did was right,__? A.did he B. was it C. didn’t it D. do it
1.There is not much news in the newspaper,___? A. isn’t it B. are there C.is there D. aren’t there 2.The man came here in a car,__? A. was he B. did he C. wasn’t he D. didn’t he
2、否定结构：
1）be或情态动词、助动词，在后面加 not。
2）谓语动词只有实义动词时，根据句子的 时态和人称在前面加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。
二、疑问句
用以提问的句子叫疑问句。疑问句有一 般疑问句，特殊疑问句和反意疑问句和选择 疑问句。 1、一般疑问句：表示询问事物或某种情况 是否属实，需要对方给予 和 回答。读时用 升调，回答用yes或no。基本结构：
三、陈述句主语是everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody,someone,nobody等不定代词，疑问部 分用he,也可用 they。 陈述部分的主语是含有-thing的不定代词时，疑问 部分的主语用 it。
Everything goes well, doesn’t it? No one is hurt, are they?
8.Tom hardly ever goes to parties,__? A.doesn’t he B.do he C. does he D. is he 9.I think he is listening to her,__? A.isn’t B. don’t I C. mustn’t I D. must I
What delicious food!
由代词 来作
What beautiful flowers they are!
2、how作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词。
结构为：
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
可由名词或 代词来作 How+主语+谓语！（这时直接修饰谓语动词） How hard he works! How she wishes to go abroad!
6. Let me do it, ___? A. shall I B. shall we C. will you D. will I 6.What a lovely day ,____? A. doesn’t it B.isn’t it C. shan’t it D. has not it 7. We must study hard,__? A. mustn’t we B are we C. aren’t we D. must we
用以表示请求、命令、建议等的句子叫祈使句。 祈使句的主语是第二人称 ，常省略。谓语动词用 原形。没有时态变化，不能与情态动词连用。有 肯定和否定两种形式。 1、 Be+形容词/名词
Be careful next time.
Don’t be late again. 2、以实义动词开始的祈使句 Open the window, please. Don’t worry about him.
十、陈述部分用you’d better, 疑问部分用hadn’t you? 十一、当陈述部分是I’m…时，反意疑问句的附加 部分要用 aren’t I，陈述部分为I’m not时，反义疑 问句部分为am I。 I’m right, aren’t I?
十二.当陈述部分出现否定前缀或后缀 ， 后一部分不变化。 1.He is very careless, isn’t he? 2.She feels unhappy today, doesn’t she?
-We shall go to the park.
3、特殊疑问句 1）陈述语序的结构。此时，特殊疑问词作主语或 主语的修饰语 Who teaches you English? Whose gloves are these? 2）用疑问词+一般疑问句的结构。 Where did you lose your handbag? How soon will your father come back?
6. We had delicious food. _______________________! What delicious food we had
7. We have a good time. How good a time we have ______________________! _______________________! What a good time we have
8. It is bad weather. ______________________! How bad the weather is _______________________! What bad weather it is
9. The Turners had a nice holiday last week.
4、反意疑问句
.当陈述部分含有never, few, little, hardly, no, nothing, none, too…to, 等否定词或短语时， 附加部分须用肯定形式。
二、陈述部分是There be…疑问部分用be there？
There is a book , isn’t there?
六、不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语 时，疑问部分的主语一律用it。
Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?
Doing the job has taken us a whole morning, hasn’t it? 七、陈述句部分若为主从复合句，疑问部分的主 语通常与从句的主语保持一致。若主句的主语是 第一人称 I/we，其谓语动词又是 think,suppose, expect,believe,imagine等，疑问部分的主语一般 与从句的主语一致。（要特别注意否定转移） （主句为第一人称，反义从句，主句为其它人称， 反义主句。）
感叹句
What _____ cold weather it is! How _____ cold the weather is! 注：有时主谓部分可省略
注：若句中无形容词、副词，只有一个主谓部 how 分，则感叹词用：
______I want to be a great teacher! How How ______ time flies!
四、祈使句+ will you?
Let him do it, will you? Sit down and make yourself at
home, will you? Let’s have a rest, shall we?
六、陈述部分的主语是this/that/these/those时，
疑问部分的主语分别用it和they。
1.It is a long story.
How long the story is _______________________!
_______________________! What a long story it is 2.This book is interesting.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
_______________________! How interesting this book is 3.They are clever students.
四、感叹句
用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪用 how和what引出，其他部分用陈述语序，句末 使用感叹号。
1. What 作定语修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语） a/an+形容词+单数可数名词 结构为： +主语+谓语！ What + 形容词+复数可数名词
形容词+不可数名词
What an interesting story!
4.It is warm today How warm it is today _______________________! What a warm day it is today _______________________! 5.Jim runs fast. How fast Jim runs _______________________!
中考专题复习
知识网图
简单句 句 子 种 类 按 并列句 语 法 结 构 复合句
句 子 种 类 按 用 途
否定式 一般疑问句 疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句 祈使句 感叹句
陈述句
肯定式
( )
( )
一、陈述句
用以陈述事实或观点的句子叫陈述句。 陈述句分为肯定结构和否定结构两种。 1、肯定结构：主语+谓语
10. He looks very happy when he sees his mother.
How happy he looks when he sees ______________________________________ ____________! his mother
中考对策答案
引导词：What\how 去掉主谓部分，中心语是形容词或副 区 别： 词的用how;中心语是名词的用what. How bright the boy is! What _____ a bright boy he is! _____ How ____ the apples are! Whatgood apples they are!_____good
How nice a holiday the Turners had _______________________________________ ___________! last week
What a nice holiday the Turners _______________________________________ _______________! had last week
1）系动词+主语+表语？
2）助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语（动词原形）+其它？
要注意问句与答句在人称、数和时态上的一致。
2、选择疑问句
提供两种或两种以上的情况，供对方选择。
它的答语要用完整的句子或简略回答所选情 况，而不能用yes,no来回答。 -Shall we go to the park or the zoo?
What an interesting book it is _______________________!
_______________________! How clever the students are What clever students they are _______________________!
3.You never told me the reason,___? A.weren’t you B. didn’t you C.had you D. did you 4.Nobody says a word about the accident,__? A. do he B. doesn’t he C. do they D. did he 5.Nothing he did was right,__? A.did he B. was it C. didn’t it D. do it
1.There is not much news in the newspaper,___? A. isn’t it B. are there C.is there D. aren’t there 2.The man came here in a car,__? A. was he B. did he C. wasn’t he D. didn’t he
2、否定结构：
1）be或情态动词、助动词，在后面加 not。
2）谓语动词只有实义动词时，根据句子的 时态和人称在前面加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。
二、疑问句
用以提问的句子叫疑问句。疑问句有一 般疑问句，特殊疑问句和反意疑问句和选择 疑问句。 1、一般疑问句：表示询问事物或某种情况 是否属实，需要对方给予 和 回答。读时用 升调，回答用yes或no。基本结构：
三、陈述句主语是everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody,someone,nobody等不定代词，疑问部 分用he,也可用 they。 陈述部分的主语是含有-thing的不定代词时，疑问 部分的主语用 it。
Everything goes well, doesn’t it? No one is hurt, are they?
8.Tom hardly ever goes to parties,__? A.doesn’t he B.do he C. does he D. is he 9.I think he is listening to her,__? A.isn’t B. don’t I C. mustn’t I D. must I
What delicious food!
由代词 来作
What beautiful flowers they are!
2、how作状语修饰形容词、副词或动词。
结构为：
How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
可由名词或 代词来作 How+主语+谓语！（这时直接修饰谓语动词） How hard he works! How she wishes to go abroad!
6. Let me do it, ___? A. shall I B. shall we C. will you D. will I 6.What a lovely day ,____? A. doesn’t it B.isn’t it C. shan’t it D. has not it 7. We must study hard,__? A. mustn’t we B are we C. aren’t we D. must we
用以表示请求、命令、建议等的句子叫祈使句。 祈使句的主语是第二人称 ，常省略。谓语动词用 原形。没有时态变化，不能与情态动词连用。有 肯定和否定两种形式。 1、 Be+形容词/名词
Be careful next time.
Don’t be late again. 2、以实义动词开始的祈使句 Open the window, please. Don’t worry about him.
十、陈述部分用you’d better, 疑问部分用hadn’t you? 十一、当陈述部分是I’m…时，反意疑问句的附加 部分要用 aren’t I，陈述部分为I’m not时，反义疑 问句部分为am I。 I’m right, aren’t I?
十二.当陈述部分出现否定前缀或后缀 ， 后一部分不变化。 1.He is very careless, isn’t he? 2.She feels unhappy today, doesn’t she?
-We shall go to the park.
3、特殊疑问句 1）陈述语序的结构。此时，特殊疑问词作主语或 主语的修饰语 Who teaches you English? Whose gloves are these? 2）用疑问词+一般疑问句的结构。 Where did you lose your handbag? How soon will your father come back?
6. We had delicious food. _______________________! What delicious food we had
7. We have a good time. How good a time we have ______________________! _______________________! What a good time we have
8. It is bad weather. ______________________! How bad the weather is _______________________! What bad weather it is
9. The Turners had a nice holiday last week.
4、反意疑问句
.当陈述部分含有never, few, little, hardly, no, nothing, none, too…to, 等否定词或短语时， 附加部分须用肯定形式。
二、陈述部分是There be…疑问部分用be there？
There is a book , isn’t there?
六、不定式短语、动名词短语及主语从句作主语 时，疑问部分的主语一律用it。
Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?
Doing the job has taken us a whole morning, hasn’t it? 七、陈述句部分若为主从复合句，疑问部分的主 语通常与从句的主语保持一致。若主句的主语是 第一人称 I/we，其谓语动词又是 think,suppose, expect,believe,imagine等，疑问部分的主语一般 与从句的主语一致。（要特别注意否定转移） （主句为第一人称，反义从句，主句为其它人称， 反义主句。）
感叹句
What _____ cold weather it is! How _____ cold the weather is! 注：有时主谓部分可省略
注：若句中无形容词、副词，只有一个主谓部 how 分，则感叹词用：
______I want to be a great teacher! How How ______ time flies!
四、祈使句+ will you?
Let him do it, will you? Sit down and make yourself at
home, will you? Let’s have a rest, shall we?
六、陈述部分的主语是this/that/these/those时，
疑问部分的主语分别用it和they。
1.It is a long story.
How long the story is _______________________!
_______________________! What a long story it is 2.This book is interesting.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
_______________________! How interesting this book is 3.They are clever students.
四、感叹句
用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪用 how和what引出，其他部分用陈述语序，句末 使用感叹号。
1. What 作定语修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语） a/an+形容词+单数可数名词 结构为： +主语+谓语！ What + 形容词+复数可数名词
形容词+不可数名词
What an interesting story!
4.It is warm today How warm it is today _______________________! What a warm day it is today _______________________! 5.Jim runs fast. How fast Jim runs _______________________!
中考专题复习
知识网图
简单句 句 子 种 类 按 并列句 语 法 结 构 复合句
句 子 种 类 按 用 途
否定式 一般疑问句 疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 反意疑问句 祈使句 感叹句
陈述句
肯定式
( )
( )
一、陈述句
用以陈述事实或观点的句子叫陈述句。 陈述句分为肯定结构和否定结构两种。 1、肯定结构：主语+谓语
10. He looks very happy when he sees his mother.
How happy he looks when he sees ______________________________________ ____________! his mother
中考对策答案
引导词：What\how 去掉主谓部分，中心语是形容词或副 区 别： 词的用how;中心语是名词的用what. How bright the boy is! What _____ a bright boy he is! _____ How ____ the apples are! Whatgood apples they are!_____good
How nice a holiday the Turners had _______________________________________ ___________! last week
What a nice holiday the Turners _______________________________________ _______________! had last week
1）系动词+主语+表语？
2）助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语（动词原形）+其它？
要注意问句与答句在人称、数和时态上的一致。
2、选择疑问句
提供两种或两种以上的情况，供对方选择。
它的答语要用完整的句子或简略回答所选情 况，而不能用yes,no来回答。 -Shall we go to the park or the zoo?
What an interesting book it is _______________________!
_______________________! How clever the students are What clever students they are _______________________!