小学英语反义词大全

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全是自己整理的:
一、下列结构含有ing: 1. keep doing 2. keep /carry on doing 3. keep sb. Doing 4. enjoy doing 5. finish doing 6. be afraid of doing 7. be worth doing 8. be busy doing 9. how about doing//what about doing 10. spend some time (in)doing 11. spend some money (in) buying 12. feel like doing 13. stop/keep/prevent … from doing 14. thank you for doing 15. thanks for doing 16. do some cooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing 17. go swimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating 18. mind/practise doing 19. prefer doing … to doing… 20. can’t help doing 21. there is/are +n.+ doing …
二、下列结构用不带to的动词不定式: 1. had better (not) do sth.
2. would you please (not) do sth.
3. why not do sth.
4. why don’t you do sth.
5. Shall we do sth.?
6. let do sth.
7. make sb. do sth.
三、下列结构用带to的动词不定式: 1. It’s time to do sth. 2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 3. tell/ask/want/encourage sb. to do sth. 4. Would you like to do sth.? 5. It’s good/bad to do sth.
6. It’s good/bad for sb.to do sth.
7. be+adj.+enough to do sth.
8. sb. is ready to do sth. 9. It’s+adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 10. It’s+adj.+ of sb. to do sth. 11. would like/love /decide/want/wish/to do sth. 12. would like/love sb. to do sth. 13. Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. I prefer to stay at home rather
than go out. 14. what/how/ when/where/whether to do sth 15. can’t wait to do 16. too … to do … 17. be afraid /ready/able/sure to do
四、下列结构用带to的动词不定式和ing形式含义不同: 1.stop to do/ doing 2.forget to do/ doing 3.remember to do/doing 4.go on to do/doing 5.like to do/doing 6.love to do/doing 7.prefer to do/doing
8.hate to do/doing
五、下列结构用带to的动词不定式和ing形式含义相同: 1.begin to do/doing 2.start to do/doing 3. learn to do/doing
六、下列结构用不带to的动词不定式和现在分词的含义不同:用不带to的动词不定式强调动作的完成过程;用现在分词强调动作的进行状态。

1.hear sb do sth./doing 2.listen sb do sth./doing 3.look at sb do sth./doing 4.see sb do sth./doing 5.watch sb do sth./doing 6.notice sb do sth./doing
一、名词复数
规则变化:
1) 一般在名词词尾加s,
① map—maps地图,bird—birds鸟,orange—oranges 桔子,bike—bikes 自行车;
2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es,
box—boxes盒子,class—classes班级,watch—watches手表,dish-dishes盘,碟子,餐具;
3) 以O结尾的名词后面加s或es
① photo—photos相片 radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园
tomato—tomatoes西红柿 potato—potatoes土豆
4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i+es
① baby—babies婴儿 family—families家庭;
以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s
① boy—boys男孩 toy—toys 玩具;
5) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs;
b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
calf[kɑ׃f] calves[kɑ׃vz] n.[c]小牛,犊子,小鲸这些单词的复数形式
都half[hɑ׃f] halves[hɑ׃vz] n.[c]半,一半是将名词原形中的字母leaf[li׃f] leaves[li׃vz] n.[c]叶,叶子,金属片“f”或“fe”改为“v”再loaf[ləuf] loaves[ləuvz] n.[c]大面包,(面包的条、只)加“es”而来knife[naif] knives[naivz] n.[c]小刀life[laif] lives[laivz] n.[c]生命,终身,寿命self[self] selves[selvz] n.[c]本身,自己sheaf[ʃi׃f] sheaves[ʃi׃vz] n.[c]捆,束,扎shelf[ʃelf] sheves[ʃelvz] n.[c]架子thief[θi׃f] thives[θi׃vz] n.[c]贼wife[waif] wives[waivz] n.[c]妻子wolf[wulf] woves[wulvz] n.[c]狼
c. 均可,如: handkerchief:
handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
名词复数的不规则变化:
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:及 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2)单复同形如:
deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese
li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin
但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。

如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。

如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.
<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
动词第三人称单数和名词变化相同。

但是以“o”结尾的一半加“es”
规则动词的过去式词尾变化有几种:
1.一般情况下加ed,如watched, planted, watered, pulled, climbed, picked。

2.以不发音字母e结尾的加d,如liked, moved, tasted。

3.以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed,如study——studied。

(辅音字母指:除了a、e、i、o、u,5个元音字母以外的21的字母)
4.以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed,如stop——stopped
一般情况下,直接在动词后加-ing
work ---- working
sleep ----- sleeping
study ----- studying
2 动词以不发音的-e结尾,要去-e加-ing
take ----- taking
make ----- making
dance ----- dancing
3 重读闭音节的动词,要双写词尾字母,再加-ing
cut ----- cutting
put ----- putting
begin ------ beginning
4 以-ie结尾的动词,把变成y再加-ing lie ----- lying
tie ----- tying
die ----- dying
一.规则变化:
1) 一般在名词词尾加s,
map—maps地图 bird—birds鸟orange—oranges 桔子bike—bikes自行车;
2) 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加es,
box—boxes盒子 class—classes班级,watch—watches手表 dish-dishes 盘,碟子,餐具;
3) 以O结尾的名词后面加s或es
photo—photos相片 radio—radios收音机 zoo—zoos动物园tomato—tomatoes西红柿
potato—potatoes土豆
4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i+es
baby—babies婴儿 family—families家庭;
以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加s boy—boys男孩toy—toys 玩具;
5) 以fe或f结尾的名词,把fe或f变为vesknife—knives小刀wife—wives妻子
leaf—leaves树叶
二:名词复数的不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet
tooth---teeth mouse---mice
man---men woman---women
注意:及 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如:
an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japaneseli,jin,yuan,two li,
three mu,four jin但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如:
a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。

如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。

如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is
a very interesting story-book.<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses;two pairs of trousers6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼
牛津小学英语不规则动词变化表
词义原形过去式现在分词(动名词)是is, am(be)was being
是are(be)were being
是be was, were being
成为become became becoming
开始begin began beginning
弯曲bend bent bending
吹blow blew blowing
买buy bought buying
能can could--------
捕捉catch caught catching
选择choose chose choosing
来come came coming
切cut cut cutting
做do, does did doing
画draw drew drawing
饮drink drank drinking
吃eat ate eating
感觉feel felt feeling 发现find found finding

相关阅读:
词义现在(原形)过去 -ing形(动名词)
是 am (be) was being
是 are (be) were being
是 be was, were being
成为 become became becoming
开始 begin began beginning
弯曲 bend bent bending
吹 blow blew blowing
买 buy bought buying
能 can could --------
捕捉 catch caught catching
选择 choose chose choosing
来 come came coming
切 cut cut cutting
做 do, does did doing
画 draw drew drawing
饮 drink drank drinking
吃 eat ate eating
感觉 feel felt feeling
发现 find found finding
飞 fly flew flying
忘记 forget forgot forgetting
得到 get got getting
给 give gave giving
走 go went going
成长 grow grew growing
有 have, has had having
听 hear heard hearing
受伤 hurt hurt hurting
保持 keep kept keeping
知道 know knew knowing
学习 learn learned, learnt learning
允许,让 let let letting
躺 lie lay lying
制造 make made making
可以 may might -----
意味 mean meant meaning 会见 meet met meeting
必须 must must -----
放置 put put putting
读 read read reading
骑、乘 ride rode riding 响、鸣 ring rang ringing 跑 run ran running
说 say said saying
看见 see saw seeing
将 shall should -----
唱歌 sing sang singing
坐下 sit sat sitting
睡觉 sleep slept sleeping 说 speak spoke speaking 度过 spend spent spending
常见不规则名词复数形式表单数音标复数音标释义备注Chinese[ˌtʃai'ni׃z] Chinese[ˌtʃai'ni׃z] n.[c]中国人;[u]汉语这些名词的单数和复数完Japanese[ˌdʒæpə'ni׃z] Japanese[ˌdʒæpə'ni׃z] n.[c]日本人;[u]日语全相同,在实际学习应用deer[diə] deer[diə] n.[c]鹿中要特别留意,加以区fish[fiʃ] fish[fiʃ] n.[c]鱼,鱼类;[u]鱼肉分,弄清楚在该处是单数means[mi׃nz] means[mi׃nz] n.[pl.]金钱,财富还是复数sheep[ʃi׃p] sheep[ʃi׃p] n.[c]绵羊child[tʃaild] children['tʃildr ən] n.[c]儿童,小孩foot[fut] feet[fi׃t] n.[c]脚足;英尺这些单词的复数形式tooth[tuθ] teeth[ti׃θ] n.[c]牙齿,齿是将名词原形中的字母goose[gu׃s] geese[gi׃s] n.[c]鹅,母鹅“oo”改为字母“ee”而来ox[ɔks] oxen['ɔksən] n.[c]牛,(去势的)公牛man[mæn] men[men] n.[c]人,男人;[u]人类这些单词的单数、复数chairman['tʃeəmæn] chairmen['tʃeəmən] n.[c]主席,(会议)主席的变化主要是man的变Frenchman['frentʃmæn] Frenchmen['frentʃmən] n.[c]法国人化,将名词man中的字gentleman['dʒentlmæn ]gentlemen['dʒentlmən] n.[c]有教养的人;先生母“a”改为字母“e”而policeman[pə'li׃smæn] policemen[pə'li׃smən] n.[c]警察,男警察来woman['wumən] women['wimin] n.[c]妇女,女性,女人mouse[maus] mice[mais] n.[c]鼠,鼠标,胆小的人calf[kɑ׃f] calves[kɑ׃vz] n.[c]小牛,犊子,小鲸这些单词的复数形式都half[hɑ׃f] halves[hɑ׃vz] n.[c]半,一半是将名词原形中的字母leaf[li׃f] leaves[li׃vz] n.[c]叶,叶子,金属片“f”或“fe”改为“v”再loaf[ləuf] loaves[ləuvz] n.[c]大面包,(面包的条、只)加“es”而来knife[naif] knives[naivz] n.[c]小刀life[laif] lives[laivz] n.[c]生命,终身,寿命self[self] selves[selvz] n.[c]本身,自己sheaf[ʃi׃f] sheaves[ʃi׃vz] n.[c]捆,束,扎shelf[ʃelf] sheves[ʃelvz] n.[c]架子thief[θi׃f] thives[θi׃vz] n.[c]贼wife[waif] wives[waivz] n.[c]妻子wolf[wulf] woves[wulvz] n.[c]狼passer-by[ˌpɑ׃sə'bai] passers-by[ˌpɑ׃səz'bai] n.[c]过路人penny['peni] pence[pens] pennies['penis] n.[c]便士名词的复数形式1. 通常在单数名词后加s,例如:dog,dogs(狗);day,days(天,白天);house,houses(房屋); 2. 以字母o或s、sh、ch、x结尾的名词,在其后加es,例如:tomato,tomatoes(西红柿);kiss,kisses(吻);brush,brushes(刷子);watch,watches(手表);box,boxes(箱子,盒子);但是,o结尾的外来词或缩写词的复数形式,只加s,例如:piano,pianos(钢琴);dynamo,dynamos(发电机);photo,photos(照片);kimono,kimonos(和服);biro,biros(可以吸墨水的圆珠笔); 3. 以辅音y结尾的名词,在构成复数时,将y改为i再加es,例如:baby,babies (婴孩);lady,ladies(女士);country,countries(国家);fly,flies (苍蝇);但是,以y结尾但y前为元音的名词,在构成复数时,直接加s,例如:donkey,donkeys(驴子);boy,boys(男孩);day,days(天);
4. 有12个名词以f或fe结尾,在构成复数时,改f或fe为v再加es,它们是:wife(妻子);life(生命);knife(小刀);wolf(狼);self (自身);calf(小牛);shelf(架子);leaf(叶);loaf(面包的条、
只);thief(贼);sheaf(捆);half(半);而名词scarf(围巾);wharf (码头);hoof(蹄)的复数形式,可加s或改 f为v再加es;其他的以f或fe结尾的名词,在构成复数形式时直接加s; 5. 有些名词用变化元音的方法来构成复数形式,例如:man,men(男人);woman,women(女人);foot ,feet(脚,英尺);mouse,mice(老鼠);louse,lice(虱子);goose,geese(鹅);tooth,teeth(牙齿);ox,oxen(牛);child,children(孩子); 6. 以ics结尾的词,例如:mathematics(数学);physics(物理学);politics(政治学)等,它们具有复数形式,因此谓语通常用复数动词,但如果是说明它们是某类学科,则认为是单数,谓语动词可用单数形式; 7. 复合词的复数形式:一般情况下,将最后一个词变成复数即可,例如:armchair,armchairs(扶手椅子);bookcase,bookcases(书橱,书箱);但是,当man和woman前置时,两部分都要变成复数形式,例如: men students(男学生);women students(女学生);及介词或副词构成的合成名词构成复数时,只需要把第一个词变为复数:sister-in-law,sisters-in-law(嫂、弟媳);looker-on,lookers-on (旁观者);另外,如果合成名词以形容词结尾,通常是把第一个词变成复数:court martial,courts martial(军事法庭),有时也可是 court martials。

1.1 名词复数的规则变化
情况构成方法读音例词
一般情况加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps
浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches
以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s 变复数。

例如:
two Marys the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
2)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:
a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos
radio---radios zoo---zoos;
b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。

3)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs
safe---safes gulf---gulfs;
b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;
c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
1) child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice man---men woman---women
注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。

但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2)单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。

但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。

例如:
people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。

b. news 为不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

例如:"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜)trousers, clothes 等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。

1.4不同国籍人的单复数
国籍总称(谓语用复数)单数复数
中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese
瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss
澳大利亚人the Australians an Australian two Australians
俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians
意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians
希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks
法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen
日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese
美国人 the Americans an American two Americans
印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians
加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians
德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans
英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen
瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes。

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