黑龙江省鹤岗市第一中学高中高中英语阅读理解知识点和相关练习试题doc

一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Every year migratory(迁徙的) bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.
In a study, scientists at Rothamsted Research, an agricultural laboratory in England, used radar data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through 2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and reproducing sooner. They were also astonished to find increasing numbers of bats overwintering(过冬) at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico. Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.
A separate study of migratory bats in Indiana, published last year, found that temperature variations affected arrival and departure times—likewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy O'Keefe, a biology professor at Indiana State University and co-author of that study, says early arrival at their summer habitats(栖息地) could expose these bats to cold snaps(寒流), and they could freeze to death.
Joy O'Keefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. "Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success," she says, adding that bats also "control significant disease vectors, such as mosquitoes."
However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier. They have found a direct link between seasonal temperatures and bird migration, but bats are also influenced by factors such as changes in wind speed and direction. And there are other complications. “Bats are mysterious little animals th at move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track," Stepanian says. "We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step."
（1）Scientists at Rothamsted Research found that _________.
A. bats prefer colder weather
B. bats delay their reproduction
C. warming affects bat migration
D. radar can be used to observe bats
（2）Joy O'Keefe discovered that _________.
A. bats are used to living in rainfall seasons
B. bats' earlier migration might harm farming
C. insects' reproduction helps to spread disease
D. insects shortage makes bats reproduce earlier
（3）What does the last paragraph want to tell us?
A. Wind speed and direction affect bats.
B. It is difficult to observe and track bats.
C. Climate change makes bats migrate earlier.
D. Further research on the cause is necessary.（4）What is the best title for the passage?
A. Bats' habitats
B. Endangered bats
C. Bats' schedule
D. Bats, our good friends
【答案】（1）C
（2）B
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】
【点评】本文是一篇说明文，作者先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatur es change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.”罗斯泰德的生物学家菲利普·斯捷潘尼安说，越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志，可知，蝙蝠越冬的方式是一个迹象，这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“‘If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups(幼崽) or skip reproduction altogether, O'Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. “Declines in bat popula tions could have severe effects for crop success,’ she says”奥基夫说，如果蝙蝠来得太早，无法从夏季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益，它们可能难以喂养幼崽，或者完全跳过繁殖。

她担心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝，这对人类来说是个坏消息。

“蝙蝠数量的减少可能对作物的成功产生严重影响，”她说，可知，蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食物，导致喂养幼仔的困难，或者跳过繁殖期，这将导致蝙蝠数量减少，害虫增加，从而对农作物产生影响。

由此可知，乔伊·奥基夫发现，蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier.”然而，科学家们还不能确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙；及“Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at nigh t and are difficult to observe and track,” Stepanian says. “We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.”斯捷潘尼安说：“蝙蝠是神秘的小动物，大多在夜间活动，很难观察和追踪。

”。

“我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述，但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的研究。

”可推知，对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

作者通过第一段中的“But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.”但是蝙蝠出现的时间比20年前要早得多）提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象，然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果，最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。

由此可知，本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。

由此可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Do you have a talented young artist, photographer, or designer in your life? It's never too early to start helping them get their work out there! We've rounded up the top art competitions for kids and teens that can help these young creators share their first masterpiece with the world. Most of them are totally free to enter!
Global Canvas Children's Art Competition
Ages: 16 and under Mediums: drawing, painting
Organized by the David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation, this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the earth. The judges are looking for artists to discover the wonderful places that wildlife calls home.
Toyota Dream Car Art Contest
Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting
Time to design a dream car! Toyota wants to get junior artists thinking about what the future of transportation might look like. Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.
Advena World Children's Art Competition
Ages: 15 and under Mediums: drawing, painting, photos and other original artworks
The competition aims to promote creativity and self-expression. Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement—through their chosen medium.
Progressive Young Artists Awards
Open to: high school and college students Mediums: drawing, painting, photograph, mixed media, sculpture
PYAA is all about expressing and celebrating progressive values. So, if there is a creative teen in your life who wants to do good in the world, sign him or her up for this art competition. The prize is a scholarship that winners can put forwards their post-secondary schooling.
（1）Which of the following favors the environment?
A. Advena World Children's Art Competition.
B. Global Canvas Children's Art Competition.
C. Toyota Dream Car Art Contest.
D. Progressive Young Artists Awards.
（2）What prize can the winner get at Toyota Dream Car Art Contest?
A. A dream car.
B. A scholarship.
C. A tour of a factory.
D. An amount of cash.（3）What is special about Advena World Children's Art Competition?
A. It has no fixed theme.
B. It has an entrance fee.
C. The prize is a scholarship.
D. Its participants are the youngest.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了有助于孩子展示艺术才华的四大比赛。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Global Canvas Children's Art Competition部分中的“this art competition wants to inspire the next generation to be more mindful of how we take care of the
e arth.”可知，它的目的就是使下一代更加关注如何呵护地球环境。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据Toyota Dream Car Art Contest部分中的“Prizes include a chance to tour one of the Toyota car plants and experience various aspects of Japanese culture.”可知，奖励包括游览丰田汽车工厂。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

纵观全文并进行细致比较可知Global Canvas Children's Art Competition关注的是地球环境；Toyota Dream Car Art Contest则着眼与未来的交通；Progressive Young Artists Awards围绕的是未来的价值观；唯有Advena World Children's Art Competition没有设置主题，这可以从Instead of a theme, it asks the participating artists to simply express their feelings—anything from sadness or joy to anger or excitement得知本比赛没有主题，只是让参加者表达他们的想法。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Book: No Looking Back
Author: Shivani Gupta
Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash. It took Shivani years of pain, struggle and determination to regain control of her life and her body. Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car. Shivani refused to give in-she wouldn't let her injury keep her from achieving her ambitions.
Book: Courage Beyond Compare
Author: Sanjay Sharma
The 10 sportspersons in the book are champions in diverse fields like athletics, swimming, and badminton, who have brought glory to the country. They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields.
Book: Face to Face
Author: Ved Mehta
Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind, to which he flew alone at 15. America and the school changed his life, leading him to degrees at Oxford and Harvard and a fruitful writing career.
Book: This Star Won's Go Out
Author: Lori and Wayne Earl
Diagnosed with cancer at 12, Esther Earl was a bright and talented, but very normal teenager. She lived a hope-filled and generous life. A cheerful, positive and encouraging daughter, sister and friend, Esther died in 2010, shortly after turning 16, but not before inspiring thousands through her growing online presence.
（1）The book No Looking Back mainly talks about________.
A. an unlucky girl who experienced two car accidents
B. 10 disabled athletes who are champions in sports field
C. a successful author who was blind during his childhood
D. an inspiring teenager who died of cancer
（2）When reading the book written by Sanjay Sharma, we will______.
A.find the author is a sports lover
B.get inspired by the sportspersons' spirits
C.be proud to be a sportsperson
D.find sportspersons are full of power
（3）In which book does the author tell of himself?
A.Face to Face
B.This Star Won't Go Out
C.Courage Beyond Compare
D.No Looking Back
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四本书及其作者和书的简介。

（1）考查段落大意。

根据 Book: No Looking Back部分中的“Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash.”和第三句“Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car.”一天晚上Shivani举行一个聚会，等她醒来时发现自己由于车祸住进了医院。

然后悲剧再次发生，当新婚的Shivani开车带家人去Manali时，一辆卡车和她的车相撞，可知，这本书主要讲述了经历两次车祸的不幸女孩Shivani的故事。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据Book: Courage Beyond Compare部分中的“They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields.”这些运动员克服身体局限达到他们自己所选择领域的顶峰，可知，我们会从这些运动员不屈不挠的精神中获得鼓舞。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据Book: Face to Face部分中的“Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for t he Blind,”作者自从四岁时失明，在印度他度过了孤独的童年，最终考取了Arkansas盲人学校，可知，在书中作者讲述自己的故事。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting (吹嘘)its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见).
But critics, citing Microsoft's work with Immigration and Customs Enforcement, quickly seized on how that improved technology might be used. The agency contracts with Microsoft for cloud-computing tools that the tech giant says is largely limited to office work but can also include face
recognition.
Columbia University professor Alondra Nelson tweeted, "We must stop confusing 'inclusion' in more 'diverse' surveillance (监管)systems with justice and equality."
Facial-recognition systems more often misidentify people of color because of a long-running data problem: The massive sets of facial images they train on skew heavily toward white men. A Massachusetts Institute of Technology study this year of the face-recognition systems designed by Microsoft, IBM and the China-based Face++ found that facial-recognition systems consistently giving the wrong gender for famous women of color including Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams, Michelle Obama and Shirley Chisholm, the first black female member of Congress.
The companies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces. IBM said Wednesday it used 1 million facial images, taken from the photo-sharing site Flickr, to build the "world's largest facial data-set" which it will release publicly for other companies to use.
IBM and Microsoft say that allowed its systems to recognize gender and skin tone with much more precision. Microsoft said its improved system reduced the error rates for darker-skinned men and women by "up to 20 times," and reduced error rates for all women by nine times.
Those improvements were heralded(宣布)by some for taking aim at the prejudices in a rapidly spreading technology, including potentially reducing the kinds of false positives that could lead police officers misidentify a criminal suspect.
But others suggested that the technology's increasing accuracy could also make it more marketable. The system should be accurate, "but that's just the beginning, not the end, of their ethical obligation," said David Robinson, managing director of the think tank Upturn.
At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant parents and children at the Mexican border.
In an open letter to Microsoft chief executive Satya Nadella urging the company to cancel that contract, Microsoft workers pointed to a company blog post in January that said Azure Government would help ICE "accelerate recognition and identification." "We believe that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits," the letter said.
A Microsoft spokesman, pointing to a statement last week from Nadella, said the company's "current cloud engagement" with ICE supports relatively anodyne(温和的)office work such as "mail, calendar, massaging and document management workloads." The company said in a statement that its facial-recognition improvements are "part of our going work to address the industry-wide and societal issues on bias."
Criticism of face recognition will probably expand as the technology finds its way into more arenas, including airports, stores and schools. The Orlando police department said this week that it would not renew its use of Amazon. com's Rekognition system.
Companies "have to acknowledge their moral involvement in the downstream use of their technology,"
Robinson said. "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."
（1）What is "one of the technology's biggest biases" in Paragraph 1?
A. Class bias.
B. Regional difference.
C. Professional prejudice.
D. Racial discrimination.
（2）What can we know about the improvement of facial-recognition technology?
A. Justice and equality have been truly achieved.
B. It is due to the expansion of the photo database.
C. It has already solved all the social issues on biases.
D. The separation of immigrant parents from their children can be avoided.
（3）What is the focus of the face-recognition debate?
A. Data problems.
B. The market value.
C. The application field.
D. A moral issue.（4）What is David Robinson's attitude towards facial-recognition technology?
A. Skeptical.
B. Approval.
C. Optimistic.
D. Neutral.
（5）We can infer from the last paragraph that Robinson thinks _____.
A. companies had better hide from responsibilities
B. companies deny problems with its technical process
C. companies should not launch new products on impulse
D. companies should be responsible for the new product and the consequences
（6）Which can be the suitable title for the passage?
A. The wide use of Microsoft system
B. Fears of facial-recognition technology
C. The improvement of Microsoft system
D. Failure of recognizing black women
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）D
（4）A
（5）D
（6）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，宣布其人脸识别技术将会更加精确，但是人们却认为它会带来更大的问题，希望微软把道德置于其利润之上，并且能够为产品以及其带来的后果负责。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段”Microsoft announced this week that its facial-recognition system is now more accurate in identifying people of color, touting (吹嘘）its progress at tackling one of the technology's biggest biases (偏见).“可知微软面部识别技术改进了肤色识别，吹嘘它可以解决该技术最大的偏见，由此可以推断该项技术在人种肤色上有偏见，也就是种族歧视。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的”The companies have responded in recent months by pouring many more photos into the mix, hoping to train the systems to better tell the differences among more than just white faces.“可知那些公司通过在原有照片中加入更多的照片，通过训练系统，从而提升系统的识别能力，即通过扩充照片数据库来提升系统的识别能力。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第九段中的”At the center of that debate is Microsoft, whose multimillion-dollar contracts with ICE came under fire amid the agency's separation of migrant
parents and children at the Mexican border.“；和第十段中的”We believe that Microsoft must take an ethical stand, and put children and families above profits“可知对微软人脸识别技术的争论中心是，它会把墨西哥边缘的移民父母和孩子分开，且人们认为微软必须坚守道德底线，将儿童和家庭置于其利润之上，故推断目前对于脸部识别技术争论的焦点是道德问题。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的 "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."可知Robinson认为他们推出了一种产品然后对其后果撒手不管，这是让人难以接受的。

故推断Robinson对人脸识别技术是不支持的。

故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的 "The impulse is that they're going to put a product out there and wash their hands of the consequences. That's unacceptable."可知Robinson认为他们推出了一种产品然后对其后果撒手不管，这是让人难以接受的。

故推断Robinson认为公司应该对自己的产品和产品带来的后果负责到底。

故选D。

（6）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文讲述了人们怀疑改进之后的人脸识别技术会带来更多的问题，比如种族歧视和置墨西哥孩子的利益于不顾。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Whizzfizzing Festival
One of the "Home Counties" to the north and west of London, Buckinghamshire is known for the rolling Chiltern Hills, its pretty villages, and the much-loved children's author Roald Dahl.
The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matilda and The Big Friendly Giant is the i9nspiration for the Whizzfizzing Festival – which will transform the market-town of Aylesbury into all kinds of music, colour and fun on Saturday, 1 July.
Formerly known as The Roald Dahl Festival, this year's event will celebrate a broad range of children's films and bring to life some of its best-loved characters – from Alice in Wonderland and the Gruffala to The Big Friendly Giant and Harry Potter.
Things to see and do
The fun and festivals start at 11 a.m. with a colourful children's parade. More than 650 local school children and teachers, many in fancy dress, will march through the town carrying giant carnival puppets(木偶), with thousands of audiences lining the streets to watch.
The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in venues across the town.
Don't be late for the Mad Hatters Tea Party in the Bucks County Museum, catch a splendid screening of a Roald Dahl movie in the Old Court House, and watch leading children's authors, including Julian Clary, give readings in the Market Square.
CBeebies' children's chef Katy Ashworth will once again be cooking up a storm with her inter-active
Concoction Kitchen, located outside Hale Leys Shopping Centre. Little chefs will have lots of opportunities to get involved with preparing, cooking – and best of all, tasting – Katy's fabulous recipes.
With hands-on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition, street theatre and more, there is something for everyone.
For more information, visit: /cylesbury-whizzfizzing- festival-inspired- roald-dahl
（1）Who is Whizzfizzing Festival intended for?
A. Children.
B. Film stars.
C. Publishers.
D. Children's authors.（2）Which film was made from Roald Dahl's work?
A. Gruffalo.
B. Harry Potter.
C. Alice in Wonderland.
D. The Big Friendly Giant.（3）Which of the following best describes Whizzfizzing Festival?
A. Varies.
B. Global.
C. Boring.
D. Ordinary.
（4）What type of writing is this text?
A. An exhibition guide.
B. An art show review.
C. An announcement.
D. An official report.
【答案】（1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Whizzfizzing Festival节日的一些有关情况和主要活动。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据Things to see and do部分中的“The parade wil l be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in venues across the town.”可推知Whizzfizzing Festival是面向孩子们的，选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matilda and The Big Friendly Giant is the i9nspiration for the Whizzfizzing Festival”可推知The Big Friendly Giant.是来自Roald Dahl的作品，选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段中的“With hands-on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition, street theatre and more, there is something for everyone.”可知在这个节日中，有各种各样精彩纷呈的活动，每个人都可以找到自己喜欢的东西，所以这个节日是多方面的，选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了Whizzfizzing Festival节日的一些有关情况和主要活动。

是一则布告，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Huawei Technologies Co. displayed its much-anticipated in-house operating system Harmony OS on Friday, marking what some call the Chinese tech giant's biggest push yet to build its own
software ecosystem for the era of the internet of things.
The move is also expected to weaken the influence of the United States government's restrictions on Huawei using Google's Android operating system in smartphones, analysts said.
Yu Chengdong, CEO of Huawei's consumer business group, speaking in Dongguan, Guangdong province, said it is difficult to deliver a smooth experience across different devices with the huge amount of codes involved in the Android and Linux operating systems. Linux is an open-source operating system widely used in personal computers and other hardware.
"Harmony is a next-generation operating system designed to address the challenge," Yu said, adding that it will be able to support a wide range of application situations, including smart TVs, automobiles and wearables.
The internet of things refers to a network of devices and other objects that can connect with each other and exchange data.
Yu said the US government's restrictions have accelerated the company's marketing of the system, which now has about 4,000 employees working on it.
The senior executive said Harmony can be used in its smartphones. But Android is still Huawei's preferred choice for handsets if the company is allowed to use it.
"But when Android is not available, Harmony can be applied immediately to smartphones. Harmony is ready," Yu added.
Jia Mo, an analyst at market research company Canalys, said even if Huawei does not use Harmony in its smartphones in the short term, its smartwatches and smart TVs can be equipped with Harmony to widen its use and accumulate more experience in building an ecosystem.
"Also, more importantly, Huawei chose to build Harmony into an open-source operating system and allow it to be compatible with Android. Thus Harmony will be more accepted by current Android users. This will prevent Huawei from repeating the fate of Microsoft in promoting smartphone systems," Jia said. Microsoft failed to popularize the use of its Windows system in smartphones years ago.
（1）What is the significance of the Harmony OS?
A. It symbolizes Huawei has finished its own software ecosystem.
B. It may reduce the threat from US government's restrictions.
C. It will accumulate more experience in building an ecosystem.
D. It successfully borrows from Microsoft's Windows system.
（2）Which of the following may take the place of the underlined word "compatible" in the last paragraph?
A. Used harmoniously.
B. Operated quickly.
C. Resisted fiercely.
D. Monitored closely.（3）Where may we find this article?
A. Fashion magazines.
B. TV interviews.
C. Historic documents.
D. News websites.【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了华为的鸿蒙系统的发布。

此系统的发布还有望削弱美国政府对华为在智能手机中使用谷歌Android操作系统的限制。

更重要的是，
华为选择将鸿蒙系统构建为开源操作的系统，并允许它与Android系统兼容。

这样就可以阻止华为重蹈微软在智能手机系统推广上的覆辙。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“The move is also expected to weaken the influence of the United States government's restrictions on Huawei using Google's Android operating system in smartphones, analysts said. ”可知，华为希望鸿蒙操作系统能够削弱来自美国政府禁止华为在智能手机里使用谷歌安卓系统的影响。

故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“Also, more importantly, Huawei chose to build Harmony into an open-source operating system and allow it to be compatible with Android. Thus Harmony will be easily accepted by current Android users.”鸿蒙是一个“open-source operating system”开源操作系统，华为选择将鸿蒙安装在一个对各种资源开放的操作系统中，就是让它能够与安卓系统兼容。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

这篇文章讲述的不是时尚、学术或科学问题，它的文体属于新闻，所以可以在新闻网站上找到。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
NASA has a new job listing, and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a "joker" to join their planned mission to Mars.
A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. And Mars has a communications delay of 20 minutes. This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens.
"When you're living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur," Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, told The Guardian.
This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. "These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together," Johnson said.
In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.
There are other examples of team "clowns". One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom, a cook at Amundsen's team, was a "clown". He made people laugh through the whole journey. Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.
But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won't happen.
"Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job," Johnson said. "They also need to be an excellent engineer."
Besides, they must be in top physical condition.
（1）What is NASA's new job listing?
A. A funny engineer.
B. A talented clown.
C. A good cook.
D. A popular comedian.（2）What does "a confined space" in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A. a full space
B. an empty space
C. an open space
D. a small space.（3）How does the author think humor can help astronauts?
A. It can stop them from feeling bored.
B. It can promote teamwork on a mission.
C. It can make them feel less homesick.
D. It can help them know themselves better.
（4）What's the author's purpose of giving the example of the cook?
A. To tell us that what explorers eat on their journey is very important.
B. To prove that an amateur can play a more important role than a professional.
C. To make the point that humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.
D. To reveal that a mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由美国宇航局寻找一位幽默的工程师来和宇航员一起执行航天任务介绍了幽默对宇航员的重要作用。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“‘Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job,’ Johnson said. ‘They also need to be an excellent engineer.’”可知，美国宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程师，故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“ such as on a mission to Mars, ”可知，与在地球上生活的宽广空间不同，在火星任务中，你需要和其他人一起在狭小的航天器内生活很长一段时间，由此可知画线词词义为“狭小的空间、有限的空间”，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“These are. people that have the ability to pull everyone toge ther,”可知，幽默的人有能力把每个人都团结在一起，也就是说幽默能够促进宇航员在任务中的团队合作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress.”可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话又说有很多团队小丑的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况下振作起来，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
The mayor of Flint offered Miss Michigan Emily Sioma high praise on Tuesday for speaking out at this weekend's Miss America conference about the city's water crisis.
"I was really excited for her to do that," Mayor Karen Weaver told TMZ. "I think she was very brave because so many times you say who you are and where you're from and just general information. For her to take that opportunity and use her platform and use her voice to speak up。