地质工程专业常用英文词汇

阐述 expound(explain), state
引入 introduce into
相应的 corresponding
概念 conception
概论 overview
概率 probability
概念化 conceptualize
宏观的 macroscopic
补充 complement
规划 plan
证明 demonstrate, certify, attest
证实 confirmation
补偿 compensate, make up, imburse
算法 algorithm
判别式 discriminant
有限元方法 finite element method(FEM)
样本单元法 sample element method(SEM)
赤平投影法 stereographic projection method(SPM)赤平投影 stereographic projection
干扰位移法interference displacement method(IDM)
干扰能量法 interference energy method(IEM)
条分法 method of slices
极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method
界面元法 boundary element method
模拟 simulate
计算程序 computer program
数值分析 numerical analysis
计算工作量 calculation load
解的唯一性 uniqueness of solution
多层结构模型 laminated model
非线性 nonlinear
横观各向同性 lateral isotropy
各向同性 isotropy
各向异性 anisotropy
非均质性 heterogeneity
边界条件 boundary condition
本构方程 constitutive equation
初始条件 initial condition
初始状态 rest condition
岩土工程 geotechnical engineering,
土木工程 civil engineering
基础工程 foundation engineering
最不利滑面 the most dangerous slip surface
交替 alternate
控制论 cybernetics
大量现场调查 mass field surveys
组合式 combined type
相互作用 interaction
稳定性评价 stability evaluation
均质性 homogeneity
介质 medium
层 layer, stratum
组构 fabric
1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic
工程地质条件 engineering geological conditions
地形地貌条件 geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形 land form
地貌 geomorphology, relief
微地貌 microrelief
地貌单元 landform unit, geomorphic unit
坡度 grade
地形图 relief map 河谷 river valley
河道 river course
河床 river bed(channel)
冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)
河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat)
阶地 terrace
冲积平原 alluvial plain
三角洲 delta
古河道 fossil river course, fossil stream channel
冲积扇 alluvial fan
洪积扇 diluvial fan
坡积裙 talus apron
分水岭 divide
盆地 basin
岩溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform 溶洞 solution cave, karst cave
落水洞 sinkhole
土洞 Karstic earth cave
2地层岩性
地层 geostrome (stratum, strata)
岩性 lithologic character, rock property 岩体 rock mass
岩层 bed stratum
岩层 layer, rock stratum
母岩 matrix, parent rock
相变 facies change
硬质岩 strong rock, film
软质岩 weak rock
硬质的 competent
软质的 incompetent
基岩 bedrock
岩组 petrofabric
覆盖层 overburden
交错层理 cross bedding
层面 bedding plane
片理 schistosity
层理 bedding
板理（叶理） foliation
波痕 ripple-mark
泥痕 mud crack
雨痕 raindrop imprints
造岩矿物 rock-forming minerals
粘土矿物 clay mineral
高岭土 kaolinite
蒙脱石 montmorillonite
伊利石 illite
云母 mica
白云母 muscovite
黑云母 biotite
石英 quartz
长石 feldspar
正长石 orthoclase
斜长石 plagioclase
辉石 pyroxene, picrite
角闪石 hornblende
方解石 calcite
构造 structure
结构 texture
组构 fabric(tissue)
矿物组成 mineral composition
结晶质 crystalline
非晶质 amorphous
产状 attitude
火成岩 igneous
岩浆岩 magmatic rock
火山岩（熔岩）lava
火山 volcano
侵入岩 intrusive(invade) rock
喷出岩 effusive rock
深成岩 plutonic rock
浅成岩 pypabysal rock
酸性岩 acid rock
中性岩 inter-mediate rock
基性岩 basic rock
超基性岩 ultrabasic rock
岩基 rock base (batholith)
岩脉（墙） dike
岩株 rock stock
岩流 rock flow
岩盖 rock laccolith (laccolite)岩盆 rock lopolith
岩墙 rock dike
岩床 rock sill
岩脉 vein dyke
花岗岩 granite
斑岩 porphyry
玢岩 porphyrite
流纹岩 rhyolite
正长岩 syenite
粗面岩 trachyte
闪长岩 diorite
安山岩 andesite
辉长岩 gabbro
玄武岩 basalt
细晶岩 aplite
伟晶岩 pegmatite
煌斑岩 lamprophyre
辉绿岩 diabase
橄榄岩 dunite
黑曜岩 obsidian
浮岩 pumice
火山角砾岩 vulcanic breccia
火山集块岩 volcanic agglomerate
凝灰岩 tuff
沉积岩 sedimentary rock
碎屑岩 clastic rock
粘土岩 clay rock
粉砂质粘土岩 silty claystone
化学岩 chemical rock
生物岩 biolith
砾岩 conglomerate
角砾岩 breccia
砂岩 sandstone
石英砂岩 quartz sandstone
粉砂岩 siltstone
钙质粉砂岩 calcareous siltstone
泥岩 mudstone
页岩 shale
盐岩 saline
石灰岩 limestone
白云岩 dolomite
泥灰岩 marl
泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous
泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous
砂质 arenaceous 泥质 argillaceous
硅质的 siliceous
有机质 organic matter
粗粒 coarse grain
中粒 medium-grained
沉积物 sediment (deposit)
漂石、顽石 boulder
卵石 cobble
砾石 gravel
砂 sand
粉土 silt
粘土 clay
粘粒 clay grain
砂质粘土 sandy clay
粘质砂土 clayey sand
壤土、亚粘土 loam
砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam
浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil)
黄土 loess
红土 laterite
泥灰 peat
软泥 ooze
淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay 冲积物（层） alluvion
冲积的 alluvial
洪积物（层） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion
洪积的diluvial
坡积物（层）deluvium
残积物（层）eluvium
残积的 eluvial
风积物（层）eolian deposits
湖积物（层）lake deposits
海积物（层）marine deposits
冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits
崩积物（层） colluvial deposits, colluvium 残积粘土 residual clay
变质岩 metamorphic rock
板岩 slate
千枚岩 phyllite
片岩 schist
片麻岩 gneiss
石英岩 quartzite
大理岩 marble
糜棱岩 mylonite
混合岩 migmatite
碎裂岩 cataclasite
3地质构造
地质构造 geologic structure
结构构造 structural texture
大地构造 geotectonic
构造运动 tectogenesis
造山运动 orogeny
升降运动 vertical movement
水平运动 horizontal movement
完整性 perfection(integrity)
起伏度 waviness
尺寸效应 size effect
围压效应 confining pressure effect
产状要素 elements of attitude
产状 attitude, orientation
走向 strike
倾向 dip
倾角 dip angle, angle of dip
褶皱fold
褶曲 fold
单斜 monocline
向斜 syncline
背斜 anticline
穹隆 dome
挤压 squeeze
上盘 upper section
下盘 bottom wall, footwall, lower wall 断距 separation
相交 intersect
断层 fault
正断层 normal fault
逆断层 reversed fault
平移断层 parallel fault
层理 bedding, stratification
微层理 light stratification
地堑 graben
地垒 horst, fault ridge
断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge
擦痕 stria, striation
断裂 fracture
破碎带 fracture zone
节理 joint
节理组joint set
裂隙 fissure, crack
微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理 cleavage
原生裂隙 original joint
次生裂隙 epigenetic joint
张裂隙 tension joint
剪裂隙 shear joint
卸荷裂隙 relief crack
裂隙率 fracture porosity
结构类型 structural pattern
岩体结构 rock mass structure
岩块 block mass
结构体 structural element
块度 blockness
结构面 structural plane
软弱结构面 weak plane
临空面 free face
碎裂结构 cataclastic texture
板状结构 platy structure
薄板状 lamellose
块状的 lumpy, massive
层状的 laminated
巨厚层 giant thick-laminated
薄层状的 finely laminated
软弱夹层 weak intercalated layer
夹层 inter bedding,
intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer
夹泥层 clayey intercalation
夹泥 inter-clay
连通性 connectivity
切层 insequent
影响带 affecting zone
完整性 integrity n.
Integrate v. & a.
degree of integrality
破碎 crumble
胶结 cement
泥化 argillization 尖灭 taper-out
错动 diastrophism
错动层面 faulted bedding plane
断续的 intermittent
破碎 crumble
共轭节理 conjugated joint
散状 loose
透镜状的 lens-shaped a.
岩石碎片 crag
岩屑 cuttings, debris
薄膜 membrane, film
层理 stratification
高角度 high dip angle
缓倾角 low dip angle
反倾 anti-dip
互层 interbed v.
Interbedding n.
起伏的 unplanar
波状起伏的 undulate, undulating
粒径 particle size
构造层 tectonosphere
挤压 compression
均一的 homogeneous
剪切错动面 shear faulted, bedding zone
切割 dissection
切割的 dissected
致密 close, compact
构造岩 tectonite
糜棱岩 mylonite
断层角砾岩 fault breccia
方解石脉 calcite vein
碎块岩 clastic rock
角砾 breccia
岩粉 rock powder
岩屑 debris, debry
固结 consolidation
定向排列 oriented spread
构造应力 tectonic stress
残余应力 residual stress
4水文地质条件 hydrogeological conditions
水文循环 hydrologic cycle
大气圈 atmosphere
水圈 hydrosphere
岩石圈 geosphere
地表径流 surface runoff
地下径流 subsurface runoff
流域 valley, drainage basin
流域面积 drainage area, river basin area 汇水面积 catchment area
地下水 ground water, subsurface water 地表水 surface water
大气水 atmospheric water
气态水 aqueous (vapour) water
液态水 liquid water
固态水 solid water
上层滞水 perched water
潜水 phreatic water
承压水 confined water
吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive) water 介质 medium
空隙 void
孔隙水压力 pore water pressure
渗透压力 osmotic pressure, seepage force
扬压力 uplift pressure
静水压力 hydrostatic pressure
外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure
动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure
渗透力 seepage pressure
外水压力 external water pressure
内水压力 internal water pressure
水力联系 hydraulic interrelation
水力折减系数 hydraulic reduction coefficient
水头损失 water head loss
渗透途径 filtration path, seepage path
渗透系数 penetration coefficient
潜水位 water table level
水位 water level, stage level
水头 water head
含水层 aquifer
弱含水层（弱透水层） aquitard
滞水层 aquiclude
透水层 permeable layer, pervious layer
不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge, impervious layer, impermeable layer, aquiclude 潜水含水层 phreatic aquifer
承压含水层 confined aquifer, artesian aquifer 承压面 bearing surface
潜水面 phreatic surface, water table
浸润线 phreatic curve
不透水边界 impervious boundary
地下分水岭 groundwater ridge
粘滞性 viscosity
富水性 abundance
透水性（渗透性）permeability
淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching
反滤层 inverted gravel filter
水锈 incrustation
渗滴 seep
饱和 saturation, saturated
潜水位变化带 zone of variable phreatic level
气象因素 meteorological factor
饱水带 zone of saturation
包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration 包气带水 aeration zone water
上层滞水 perched water
孔隙水 pore water
裂隙水 fissure water
岩溶水 karstic water
结合水 bound water, combined water
吸着水 hydroscopic water
薄膜水 pellicular water
毛细水 capillary water
重力水 gravitational water
凝结水 condensation water
地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence 地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater occurrence 压水试验 packer permeability test
抽水试验 pumping test
5物理力学性质
物理力学physical mechanics n.
Physico-mechanical a.
屈服准则 yield criteria
米赛斯屈服准则 Von Mises yield criteria
朗肯土压力理论Ranking’s earth pressure theory 剑桥模型 Cambridge model, Cam-model
邓肯-张模型 Duncan-chang model 本构方程constitutive equation
局部剪切破坏local shear failure
整体剪切破坏general shear failure
岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass
安全系数factor of safety
埋深embedment depth
试件coupons
挠度deflection
里氏震级Richter scale
设计烈度design intensity
基本烈度basic intensity
场地烈度site intensity
地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale
卓越周期predominant period
持力层sustained yield
超载surcharge
围岩压力surrounding rock stress
附加压力superimposed stress
应力松弛stress relaxation
应力路迳stress path
卸荷 unload
渗透率specific permeability
饱和度degree of saturation
含水量moisture content
平均粒径mean diameter
颗粒grain, granule, particle
颗粒级配 distribution of grain-size, grain composition, size distribution
级配 graduation,
grain-size distribution, gradation, grading
粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump
不均匀系数 coefficient of non-uniformity, variation coefficient, variation factor
颗粒分级gradation, size grading
孔隙水 pore water
孔隙比void ratio (ration)
空隙率air voids
孔隙率porosity
裂隙率crackity
溶隙率karstity
密度 density
重度unit weight, bulk weight
浮重度buoyant unit weight
折减系数 reduction factor
压力消散 dissipation of pressure
抗力系数 coefficient of resistance
软化系数 softening coefficient
含水量 water content
稠度 consistency
塑限plastic limit
液限liquid limit
塑性指数plasticity index
液性指数liquidity index
流变 rheological
蠕变 creep
塑性plastic
脆性brittleness(fragility)
粘性stickness
刚性rigidity
弹性的 elastic
粘弹性 viso-elasticity
弹塑性 elasto-plasticity
压缩性 compressibility
均质性homogeneity
非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)
各向同性isotropy
各向异性anisotropy
总应力 total stress
有效应力 effective stress
超孔隙水压力 excess pore pressure
孔隙水压力 pore water pressure
抗压强度compressive strength
抗拉强度tensile strength
抗剪强度 shear strength
不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght
峰值抗剪强度peak share strength
长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength
残余抗剪强度residual shear strength
负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown 摩擦角 angle of friction
内摩擦角angle of internal friction
外摩擦角angle of external friction
内聚力cohesion
粘聚力 cohesion
假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion
粘着力 adhesion
摩尔圆Mohr’s circle
包络线 envelope
休止角 angle of repose,
angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle
峰值 peak
模量 modulus
弹性模量 modulus of elasticity，
Young’s modulus, elastic modulus
压缩模量 modulus of compressibility
变形模量 modulus of deformation
卸荷模量unloading modulus
切线模量tangent modulus
剪切模量shear modulus
割线模量secant modulus
旁压模量pressurmeter modulus
泊松比poisson’s ration
固结 consolidation
固结系数 coefficient of consolidation
固结度degree of consolidation
超固结比 over consolidation ration
应变 strain
压缩比 compressibility ratio
压缩系数 coefficient of compressibility
压缩指数 compression index
初始曲线 virgin curve
正常固结土normally consolidated soil
欠固结土under-consolidated soil
超固结土over-consolidated soil
被动土压力passive earth pressure
主动土压力active earth pressure
静止土压力earth pressure at rest
覆盖压力overburden pressure
初始应力initial stress
地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field
有效应力effective stress
动应力dynamic stress
动荷载dynamic load
偏心荷载eccentric loads 循环荷载inclined loads
地应力 ground stress, geostatic stress
初始应力 initial stress
应力场 stress field
纵波longitudinal wave
液化势liquefaction potential
液化指数liquefaction index
交角angular
岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance
容许承载力allowable bearing capacity
临塑压力critical pressure
接触压力contact pressure
6工程地质问题
工程地质问题 engineering geological problem
定性评价 qualitative estimate
定量评价 quantitative estimate
极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method
不良地质现象 unfavorable geological condition
风化 weathering
变形 deformation
位移 displacement
不均匀位移differential movement
相对位移relative displacement
沉陷 settlement
山崩 avalanche, toppling
崩塌 toppling, toppling collapse
滑坡、地滑 creep, slide
切层滑坡 insequent landslide
深层滑坡 deep slide
浅层滑坡 shallow slide
顺层滑坡 consequent landslide
滑动面
sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface
滑动带 sliding zone
滑床 slide bed
滑坡体 slide(sliding) mass
古滑坡 fossil landslide
推移式滑坡 slumping slide
牵引式滑坡 retrogressive slide
管涌 piping, internal erosion
渗漏 leakage
流砂 quicksand
渗流 seepage
液化 liquefaction
7工程勘察 engineering investigation
工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation 岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation
工程地质条件engineering geological condition 工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation 勘测survey
岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction
岩芯获得率
RQD（岩石质量指标） rock quality designation
程序（步骤）procedure
勘察阶段investigational stage
选点踏勘 reconnaissance
初步设计 primary design
初步规划 preliminary scheme
初步勘探 preliminary prospecting
初步踏勘 ground reconnaissance
可行性研究阶段 feasibility stage
初步设计阶段preliminary stage
施工阶段construction sage
踏勘reconnaissance, inspection
地质测绘geological survey
工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping
钻探borehole operation, boring
物探geophysical exploration
洞探exploratory adits
钎探rod sounding
坑探exploring mining
槽探trenching
天然建材调查
natural materials surveying (examination)
岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report
鉴定identification, appraisal
鉴定书expertise report
鉴定人identifier, surveyor
校核verification
总监chief inspector
比例proportion
地形图geographic map
地貌图geomorphological map
地质图geological map
工程地质图engineering geological map
实测地质剖面图
field-acquired geological profile(section)
构造地质图geological structure map
第四纪地质图quarternary geological map
地质详图detail map of geology
地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log
钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole
纵剖面图longitudinal section
横剖面图cross section
展示图reveal detail map
节理玫瑰图rose of joints
基岩等高线bed rock contour
层底等高线contour of stratum bottom
岩层界线strata boundary
岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface
坐标coordinate
分层bed separation
地质点geological observation point
勘探点exploratory point (spot)
勘探线exploratory line
勘探孔exploration hole
平洞adit
竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft
探槽exploratory trench
探井exploratory pit
钻孔borehole, drill hole
机钻孔ordinary drill hole
套钻孔sleeve drill hole
管钻孔pipe drill hole
岩芯core
岩芯钻探core drilling
回转钻探（进）rotary drilling
冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling
钢砂钻探shot drilling
铁砂钻进iron shot drilling 跟管钻进follow-down drilling
振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling
泥浆钻探mud flush drilling
金刚石钻进diamond drilling
单动式single acting
双层double layer
空气钻探air flush drilling
钻机drilling rig
钻头drill bit, drilling bit
螺旋钻头auger
勺钻spoon bit
冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit
桶式钻头bucket auger
钻杆drill rod
套管casing
岩芯管core barrel
冲洗掖flush fluid
正循环冲洗direct circulation
反循环冲洗reverse circulation
泥浆mud, slurry
泥皮mud cake
护壁dado
止水seal, water seal
扫孔cleaning bottom of hole
钻进 drilling
平硐 adit
竖井 shaft
钻探 drilling boring
8工程地质试验
击实试验 compaction test
压缩试验compression test
固结试验consolidation test
单轴试验 uniaxial compression test
现场剪切试验 in-situ shear test
单剪试验 simple shear test
直剪试验 direct shear test
慢剪试验slow test
单剪试验simple shear test
快剪试验quick test
三轴剪切试验 triaxial shear test
三轴压缩试验 triaxial compression test
动三轴试验 dynamic triaxial test
不固结不排水剪试验
unconsolidated undrained test(quick test) 固结不排水剪试验
consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)
固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)
原位测试in-situ test
现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring
现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection
观测孔observation borehole
静力触探试验 cone penetration test,
static penetration test, static cone test
标贯试验 standard penetration test
十字板剪切试验 vane shear test, vane test
检层法up-hole method, borehole method
旁压试验pressuremeter test
动力触探试验
dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding
点荷载试验point load test
岩石试验rock test
应力解除法 stress relief method
应力恢复法 stress recovery method
套孔法 over-coring method
9岩土体加固
掌子面breast, driving face,
heading face, tunnel face
顶拱vault
底拱invert
洞室开挖excavation
超挖overbreak
风钻pneumatic drill
开挖断面excavated section
塌落slump
细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate 细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment
料场stock ground
土料earth material
矿渣 cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag
性能 function, performance, property, nature 凝结coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation
合格qualified, on test, up to standard 初凝initial set
初凝时间initial setting time
终凝final set
配合比mix proportion
塌落度slump
水化热 heat of hydration,
hydration heat, setting heat
水灰比water-cement ratio
粉煤灰fly ash
梅花状quincuncial pattern
喷射shotcrete
浇注pouring
钢筋网coiremesh
加固reinforce
锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt
锚索anchored cable
锚紧端anchor station
锚桩anchored peg
采石场rock quarry
开挖excavation
清基cleanup foundation
明挖open-cut
爆破explosion
光面爆破smooth blasting
预裂法presplitting
10 水工概论
坝址toe of dam
坝踵 heel
坝段monolith
坝顶crest
坝肩shoulders
左坝肩left dam abutment
副坝saddle dam
三坝址the third dam site
标高height mark
上游水位headwater
正常库水位normal reservoir level 地下洞室 underground opening (tunnel)
压力隧洞pressure tunnel
无压隧洞gravity tunnel
交通洞access tunnel
灌浆洞grouting tunnel
明流洞free-flow tunnel
孔板洞orifice tunnel
排砂洞sediment tunnel
尾水洞tailrace tunnel
排水洞drainage tunnel
导流洞diversion tunnel
隧道 tunnel
围岩 surrounding rock, ambient rock 围岩应力 secondary stress static
应力集中 stress concentrate
覆盖层 over burden
冒顶 cave in, roof fall
底鼓 bottom heave
回弹 rebound
岩爆 rock burst
冻结法 freezing method
超载 over break
衬砌 lining
围堰 cofferdam
堤 dike
近坝岸坡 abutments
施工（收缩）缝 construction joint
心墙 core
截水墙 cutoff wall
防渗墙diaphragm wall
排水井drainage wells
排水幕 drainage curtain
减压井relief wells
反滤层filter zone
灌浆材料grout
水力劈裂 hydraulic fracturing
帷幔线curtain line
上游围堰upstream cofferdam
混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall
截流interim completion
导水墙channel training wall
正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork 消力塘lined plunge pool
隔墙divider walls
混凝土护坦concrete apron
副厂房auxiliary power house
闸门室gate chamber
中闸室mid gate chamber
开关站switch yard
电梯井elevator shaft
尾水渠tail race
非常溢洪道emergency spillway
11桥梁及基础工程
江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge
悬索桥suspension bridge
锚碇anchorage
重力式嵌岩锚 gravity socketed anchorage
北锚碇前（后）锚面
front(back) surface of northern anchorage 塔墩tower
墩 pier
散索鞍splay saddle
猫道footbridge
主缆main cable
索股cable strand
主鞍main saddle, tower saddle
主跨main span
边跨side span
引桥approach
钢箱梁steel box main girder
埋深 embedment depth
北塔墩基础north tower base
基础 foundation, footing
浅基础shallow foundation
深基础deep foundation
联合基础 combined footing
筏形基础raft(mat) foundation
钢模steel form
桩pile
基桩foundation pile
群桩pile groups
桩基础pile foundation
桩承台 pile cap
高桩承台 high-rise pile cap
低桩承台 buried pile cap
摩擦桩 friction pile
端承桩 end bearing pile
嵌岩桩 socketed pile
板桩 sheet pile
旋喷桩 jet-grouted pile
灌注桩 cast-in-place pile
沉管灌注桩 driven cast-in-place pile
支护桩 soldier piles, tangent piles
刚性桩rigid pile
柔性桩flexible pile
侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile
轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile
预制桩precast concrete pile
振动打桩 vibratory pile driving
振动钻进 vibratory drilling
沉箱 caisson
沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson
地下连续墙 diaphragm wall, slurry wall
支撑 bracing
超载 surcharge
接触应力 contact pressure
井点降水 well-point dewatering
桩极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity of pile 承载力 bearing capacity
阻力 resistance
桩端阻力 end resistance
表面摩擦力 skin friction
粘着系数 adhesion factor
负摩擦力 negative skin friction
安全系数 factor of safety
压缩层 compressed layer
附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress
持力层 bearing layer, sustaining layer
地基土 foundation soil, subsoil
临塑压力 critical pressure
剪切破坏 shear failure
地基失效 foundation failure
冲剪破坏 punching failure
渐进破坏 progressive failure
容许荷载 allowable load
极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity 沉降 settlement
沉降差 differential settlement
尾部倾斜 angular distortion
倾斜 tilting
坑底隆起 bottom heave
静止土压力 earth pressure at rest
稳定数 stability number
路堤 embankment
地基处理 ground treatment soil improvement 垫层 cushion
加固 stabilization
注浆 injection
灌浆 guniting
帷幕 curtain
挡土墙 retaining wall
锚固 anchoring
喷浆 guniting
锚杆 earth anchor
盲沟 French drain
振冲法 vibro jet
12监测仪器
观测孔 observation bore/hole
仪器观测 instrumentation
读数装置 readout device
传感器 transducer
探头 probe
压力盒 pressure cell
振弦式应变计 vibrating wire strain gauge
伸长计、变位计 extension meter
板式沉降仪 foundation base/pate
测斜仪 inclinometer
测压计，渗压计 piezometer
垂线 plumb
垂直度 plumbness
13安全监控
可靠性检查reliability checking
监控模型 monitoring and prediction model 监测 monitoring
资料 datum, data
可靠性 reliability
稳定性stability
安全safety
评估 evaluation, appraise
评定 assessment, assess, rate
评价准则 criterion
灾害 hazard, calamity
确定性方法论 Deterministic methodology
应急行动计划 EAP(emergency action plan)
事故 accident
紧急状态 emergency
紧急检查 emergency inspection
灾情等级 hazard classification
灾害评价 hazard evaluation
风险评估 risk assessment
静力（Static Analysis）
动力（Dynamic Analysis）
蠕变（Creep Material Model）
渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）
热力学（Thermal Option）
headward erosion溯源侵蚀
scouring of levee or bank淘刷
strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
of continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensity
Evidently 明显的
Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地
the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault oblique~bedding bank slope
专业外语(为方便记忆,跟上面稍有重复)一．综合类
1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程
2.foundation engineering基础工程
3.soil, earth土
4.soil mechanics土力学
cyclic loading周期荷载
unloading卸载
reloading再加载
viscoelastic found粘弹性地基
viscous damping粘滞阻尼
shear modulus剪切模量
5.soil dynamics土动力学
6.stress path应力路径
二．土的分类
1.residual soil残积土groundwater
level地下水位
2.groundwater 地下水
groundwater table地下水位
3.clay minerals粘土矿物
4.secondary minerals次生矿物
ndslides滑坡
6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图
7.engineering geologic investigation工程地
质勘察
8.boulder漂石
9.cobble卵石
10.gravel砂石
11.gravelly sand砾砂
12.coarse sand粗砂
13.medium sand中砂
14.fine sand细砂
15.silty sand粉土
16.clayey soil粘性土
17.clay粘土
18.silty clay粉质粘土
19.silt粉土
20.sandy silt砂质粉土
21.clayey silt粘质粉土
22.saturated soil饱和土
23.unsaturated soil非饱和土
24.fill (soil)填土
三．土的基本物理力学性质
1.c c Compression index
2.c u undrained shear strength
3.c u/p0 ratio of undrained strength c u
to effective overburden stress p0
(c u/p0)NC,(c u/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC
designated normally
consolidated and
overconsolidated,
respectively
4.c vane cohesive strength from vane
test
5.e0 natural void ratio
6.I p plasticity index
7.K0 coefficient of
“at-rest ”pressure ,for total stresses
σ1 andσ2
8.K0’ do main for effective
stressesσ1 ‘ andσ2’
9.K0n K0 for normally
consolidated state
10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid
continuous loading ,simulating
instantaneous loading or an undrained
condition
11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic
loading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a
pseudo-dynamic test for K0 coefficient
12.k h ,k v permeability in horizontal
and vertical directions, respectively
13.N blow count ,standard
penetration test
14.OCR over-consolidation ratio
15.p c preconsolidation
pressure ,from oedemeter test
16.p0 effective overburden pressure
17.p s specific cone penetration
resistance ,from static cone test
18.q u unconfined compressive
strengt h
19.U,U m degree of
consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean
value of a specimen
20.u ,u b ,u m pore pressure,
subscripts b and m denote bottom of
specimen and mean value, respectively
21.w0 w L w p natural water content,
liquid and plastic limits, respectively
22.σ1,σ2 principal stresses, σ1
‘ andσ2’ denote effective principal
stresses
四．渗透性和渗流
1.Darcy’s law 达西定律
2.piping管涌
3.flowing soil流土
4.sand boiling砂沸
5.flow net流网
6.seepage渗透（流）
7.leakage渗流
8.seepage (force) pressure渗透压力
9.permeability渗透性
10.hydraulic gradient水力梯度
11.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五．地基应力和变形
1.soft soil软土
2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile
打入桩（负）摩阻力
3.effective stress有效应力total stress总
应力
4.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度
5.low activity低活性
6.sensitivity灵敏度
7.triaxial test三轴试验
8.foundation design基础设计
9.recompaction再压缩
10.bearing capacity承载力
11.soil mass土体
12.contact pressure接触应力
13.concentrated load集中荷载
14.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性
体
15.homogeneous均质
16.isotropic各向同性
17.strip footing条基
18.square spread footing方形独立基础
19.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层
（土）
20.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载
21.live load活载
22.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载
23.long-term transient load长期荷载
24.reduced load折算荷载
25.settlement沉降deformation变形
26.casing套管
27.dike=dyke堤（防）
28.clay fraction粘粒粒组
29.physical properties物理性质
30.subgrade路基
31.well-graded soil级配良好土
32.poorly-graded soil级配不良土
33.sieve筛子
34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑
破坏条件
35.FEM=finite element method有限元法
36.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法
37.pore water pressure孔隙水压力
38.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力
39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量
40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数
pression index压缩指数
42.swelling index回弹指数
43.geostatic stress自重应力
44.additional stress附加应力
45.total stress总应力
46.final settlement最终沉降
47.slip line滑动线
六．基坑开挖与降水
1.excavation开挖（挖方）
2.dewatering（基坑）降水
3.failure of foundation基坑失稳
4.bracing of foundation pit基坑围护
5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起
6.retaining wall挡土墙
7.pore-pressure distribution孔压分布
8.dewatering method降低地下水位法
9.well point system井点系统（轻型）
10.deep well point深井点
11.vacuum well point真空井点
12.braced cuts支撑围护
braced excavation支撑开挖
braced sheeting支撑挡板
七．深基础deep foundation
1.pile foundation桩基础
1)cast –in-place灌注桩
diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌注桩
bored pile钻孔桩
special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控异型灌注桩
piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩
rammed bulb pile夯扩桩
2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础
drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩
under-reamed bored pier
3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩
4)steel pile钢桩
steel pipe pile钢管桩
steel sheet pile钢板桩
5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝
土桩
prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力
混凝土管桩
2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）
3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙
4.friction pile摩擦桩
end-bearing pile端承桩
5.(pile)shaft桩身
6.wave equation analysis波动方程分析
7.pile caps承台（桩帽）
8.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载
力
teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验
10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile
单桩横向极限承载力
11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试
验
12.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向
容许承载力
13.low pile cap低桩承台
14.high-rise pile cap高桩承台
15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of
single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力
16.silent piling静力压桩
17.uplift pile抗拔桩
18.anti-slide pile抗滑桩
19.pile groups群桩
20.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率
系数（η）
21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应
22.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术
23.final set最后贯入度
24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验
25.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验
26.pile head=butt桩头
27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）
28.pile spacing桩距
29.pile plan桩位布置图
30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布。