外研版高中英语必修第一册4-2 Section Ⅱ课时学案含答案

Section ⅡUsing language
1．inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的，启发灵感的
❶His dream inspires him to try his best to do what needs doing.
他的梦想激励着他尽力做需要做的一切。

❷The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。

[归纳探究]
(1)inspire v t. 鼓舞；激励；启示
inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事
(2)inspired adj. 深受鼓舞的
(3)inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞
[名师指津]明辨inspired与inspiring
inspired为过去分词，具有形容词词性，意为“受到鼓舞的”，常用来修饰人；inspiring 为现在分词，也具有形容词词性，意为“令人鼓舞的，鼓舞人心的”，多用于修饰事物。

[即学即练]用inspire的适当形式填空/一句多译
①________ by his ________ words, they went on climbing the snowy mountains.
②Genius is one percent ________ and ninety­nine percent perspiration (汗水)．
他的一番鼓励激起了我的信心。

③His encouraging remarks ____________________ me.
④His encouraging remarks __________________________ confidence.
2.patience n. 耐心，忍耐
❶We eventually ran out of patience with his childish behavior.
我们终于对他幼稚的行为忍无可忍。

❷He walked so slowly that his brother lost patience with him.
他走的太慢，以至于他哥哥对他不耐烦了。

❸Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with patience.无论什么时候我犯错，这位老师都耐心地指出来。

[归纳探究]
(1)be/run out of patience with... 对……失去耐心，对……无法忍受
(2)lose one's patience 失去耐心
(3)have no patience with... 对……没有耐心，无法忍受……
(4)with patience 耐心地
(5)patient adj. 耐心的n. 病人
[语境助记]As a nurse, she is very patient with her patients and never loses patience with them, no matter how impatient the patients are.
作为一名护士，她对她的病人特别有耐心，不管病人多么不耐烦，她从来没有对他们失去过耐心。

[图形助记]
Patience is the most important thing in fishing. 在钓鱼这件事上耐心是最重要的东西。

[即学即练]单句写作
①最后，我失去了耐心，吼(shout)了他。

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
②过了一会儿，我最小的妹妹开始考验我的耐心极限了。

________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
3.quality n．质量；素质，品德
❶I was impressed that their work was of high quality.
他们的工作质量很高，给我留下了深刻的印象。

❷This radio was low in quality; it broke down within less than a year of use.这台收音机质量很差，用了不到一年就坏了。

[归纳探究]
(1)of good/high/low quality 质量好/高/低的(常作表语和后置定语)
(2)in quality 在质量上(常作状语)
[易混辨析]
quality n. 质量；quantity n. 数量。

注意拼写时不要弄混。

[即学即练]判断下列句子中quality的含义
①People with disabilities are now doing many things to improve the quality of their lives.________________
②An important quality of a neighbor is consideration (体谅) for others.________________
③One quality of wood is that it can burn.________________
4.anxious adj. 焦虑的，不安的
❶Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.
杰克还是很担心他的工作面试。

❷Anxiously I went to bed dreaming about what I would find at the top of this magical mountain.
我急着去睡觉梦想着在这个神奇的山上能找到什么东西。

❸I aimed to ease his anxiety and negative mood.
我努力去减少他的压力和消极的情绪。

[归纳探究]
(1)be anxious about 为……担忧
(2)be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(3)anxiously ad v. 焦急地；担忧地
(4)anxiety n. 担心；焦虑；渴望
[联想拓展]
“对……担心”的其他表达
be worried about...
be concerned about...
[图形助记]
He is very anxious about the exam tomorrow.
他非常担心明天的考试。

[即学即练]单句语法填空
①She was anxious ________ (finish) school and get a job.
②Music seemed to quit her ________ (anxious) and loneliness.
③She looked up ________ (anxious) as he came in.
5.distance n. 距离，远方
❶A good cyclist can cover distances of over a hundred miles a day.
一个优秀的骑自行车的人一天可以骑一百多英里。

❷You can see the building at a distance of 20 miles.
你可以在20英里处看到这座大楼。

[归纳探究]
(1)in the distance 在远处，在远方
at a distance 隔一定距离
keep sb. at a distance 与……保持距离，对……冷淡
(2)distant adj. 遥远的
[写作佳句]Farther in the distance, I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains.往远处看，我可以欣赏白雪皑皑的群山。

[即学即练]完成句子
①从远处看群山更美。

Mountains look more beautiful ________________．
②黑暗中我看到了远处的灯光。

I saw the lights ____________________ in darkness.
③太阳距地球很遥远。

The sun is very ________ from the earth.
6.(教材原句)This makes it clear to the other person that you are giving them a choice.
这让另外一个人明白，你在给他们一个选择。

[句式解构]此句中it为形式宾语，后面that引导的从句为真正的宾语。

一般说来，当不定式、动词­ing形式短语、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语移至句末，其形式为“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”。

❶it代替不定式短语
The new medicine makes it possible to cure this terrible disease.
这种新药使治好这种可怕的疾病成为可能。

❷it代替动词­ing形式短语。

Our teacher thinks it no good learning without practice.
我们的老师认为光学不实践是没用的。

❸it代替宾语从句。

I think it very important that we take part in the discussion.
我认为我们参加这次讨论是很重要的。

[名师指津]“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语”中的动词常见的有：think, make, feel, believe, find等
[即学即练]单句语法填空
①I found ________ important to master some first aid knowledge.
②He considers it no use ________ (try) to persuade him.
③I think it hard ________ (get) along with her.
识记下列单词和短语,
①generosity n．慷慨，大方→generous adj.大方的
②humour n．幽默感→humorous adj.幽默的
③anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiety n．焦虑
④passion n.强烈的情感，激情
arouse one's passion 唤起某人的激情
have a passion for 酷爱
⑤postpone v. 使(事件，行动等)延期，推迟
postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
近义词put off/delay 推迟
⑥refer to...as... 把……称作……
⑦be open to 对……开放；愿接受……的
关系代词引导的定语从句
一、语法现象感知
①Born in 476 BC, he came from a family which was very poor.
②Confucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.
③Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. ④The woman (whom) you saw just now is our teacher.
二、语法规则理解
1．定语从句在句中作________，修饰一个________或________，有时也可以修饰________。

被修饰的名词(词组)或代词被称为________；
2．定语从句通常出现在先行词________，由关系代词或关系副词引出，上述句子中的黑体词均为________。

一、理解概念
A plane is a machine. A plane can fly.
→A plane is a machine that/which can fly. (that/which引导定语从句)
She is the pop star. I want to see the pop star very much.
→She is the pop star whom/that l want to see very much. (whom/that引导定语从句)
在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。

被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

注意：关系词的三个作用：
(1)连接主从句；(2)指代先行词；(3)在定语从句中充当一个句子成分。

二、语法规则
(一)that既可指人又可指物，在句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略；which仅指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略；who指人，在定语从句中作主语，在口语中也可作宾语，作宾语时可省略。

She was not in the train which arrived just now.
她不在刚到的那列火车上。

I know the man who lives next door.
我认识住在隔壁的那名男子。

He showed me the article that he had written.
他把他写的文章拿给我看。

A doctor is a person that looks after people's health.
医生就是负责人们健康的人。

(二)关系若是表所属，要用whose。

whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。

We must repair the desks and chairs whose legs are broken.
我们必须修理那些断了腿的桌子和椅子。

The boys whose names were called stood up.
叫到名字的男孩们站了起来。

(三)whom指人，是who的宾格形式，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。

I have many friends whom I can turn to for help when in trouble.
我有很多在困难时刻可以求助的朋友。

定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。

Tom is one of the workers who were praised for it.
汤姆是为此而受到表扬的工人之一。

(四)只用that不用which的情况
1．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或本身是序数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which。

This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我读过的最有趣的故事。

2．当先行词为all，any，much，everything，anything，none，nothing等不定代词(something 除外)时，只能用that，而不用which。

I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
我读完了你给我的所有书。

3．当先行词被all，any，much，little，few，the only，the very，the last等词修饰时，
只能用that，而不用which。

Music is the only thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。

4．当先行词里同时含有人和物时，只能用that，而不用which。

They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.
他们谈到了他们所记得的学校里的事和人。

(五)关系词用which不用that的情况
1．先行词本身为that时，用which，而不用that。

What's that which flashed in the sky just now?
刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？
2．关系代词前有介词时，用which而不用that。

There are all kinds of ways in which we can solve the problem.
有各种各样的方法我们可以用来解决这一问题。

3．引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。

He takes a walk every night, which does good to him.
他每晚都散步，这对他有好处。

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．He has many good q________，but his best quality is his kindness.
2．He has a good sense of h________，which makes us laugh all the time.
3．Learning to walk again after his accident required great p________.
4．I was a________ for the children when they didn't come back home from school.
5．You would never know what your ________ (鼓励) meant to me.
6．My husband was a great ________ (令人安慰的人) to me when my son was ill.
7．Although I ________ (倒) it carefully, I spilt some of the oil.
8．Life needs curiosity, enthusiasm and ________ (激情)．
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Your ________ (encourage) made me more confident about my future.
2．Her endless ________ (patient) made her the best nurse in the hospital.
3．Her ________ (anxious) about the science exam increased as it neared.
4．She is an ________ (interest) person but her husband is a boring person.
5．He ________ deeply ________ (touch) by the tragic love story of the hero and the heroine.
6．The house in ________ I used to live has become a shoe shop.
7．All ________ can be done has been done.
8．She described in her composition the people and places ________ impressed her most.
9．Talking about the USA, New York is the first thing ________ comes to mind.
10．Mr White invited many friends to his party ________ he respected very much.
11．I like those books ________ topics are about history.
12．He is the only one of the teachers who ________ (know) French in our shool.
Section ⅡUsing language
要点精研·探究学习
1．①Inspired; inspiring②inspiration③inspired confidence in④inspired me with 2．①In the end I lost my patience and shouted at him.
②After a while, my youngest sister was beginning to try my patience.
3．①质量②品德③特征
4．①to finish②anxiety③anxiously
5．①from a distance②in the distance③distant
6．①it②trying③to get
语法新知·对接课堂
二、
1．定语；名词；代词；整个句子；先行词
2．之后；关系代词
课时达标·随堂自测
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．qualities 2.humour 3.patience 4.anxious
5．encouragement fort7.poured8.passion
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．encouragement 2.patience 3.anxiety 4.interesting
5．was；touched 6.which7.that8.that9.that
10．whom/that/who11.whose12.knows。