通用版2018版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit3Scienceandnature教师用

Unit 3 Science and nature
Ⅰ.写作单词——会拼写
1．adopt vt. 收养，领养；采用，采纳
2．harvest n. 收获；收成
vt.& vi.收割(庄稼)
3．majority n. 多数，大多数
4．confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信
5．profit n. 利润，收益
vi.& vt.对……有用；获益
6．exact adj.精确的，准确的
→exactly adv. 精确地；准确地
7．intend vt.打算，想要
→intention n. 意图，目的；企图
8．anxious adj.担忧的，焦急的
→anxiety n. 忧虑，焦虑，不安
9．legal adj.法律许可的，合法的
→illegal adj.非法的
10．consequence n. 结果，后果
→consequent adj.随之发生的
→consequently adv. 因此，所以
11．profession n. 职业，行业
→professional adj.专业的，职业的
12．conduct vt. 实施；指挥乐队
→conductor n. 售票员；(乐队)指挥
13．consider v. 考虑，认为
→consideration n. 仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及→considering prep. 鉴于，考虑到
→considerate adj.体贴的
14．accurate adj.准确的，精确的
→accurately adv. 准确地，精确地
15．actual adj.真实的，实际的
→actually adv. 事实上，实际上
16．frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐
→frightening adj.令人害怕的
→frightened adj.(人)感到害怕的
17．transform vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向
好的方向)；使改变形态
→transformation n. 改变，转变
18．relate vt.联系
→relation n. 联系，关系；亲戚
→relative n. 亲戚；亲属
adj. 有关联的；相对的
19．favour n. 赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏坦→favourable adj.有利的
→favourite adj.最喜欢的
20．permit vt.许可，准可
n. 许可证
→permission n. 准许，许可，批准
Ⅱ.阅读单词——要识记
21．concept n．概念；观念
22．crime n. 罪，罪行
23．breakthrough n. 突破
24．nutrition n. 营养
25．catastrophe n. 灾难，灾祸
高频短语——会默写
1．on the one hand...on the other hand...
一方面……另一方面……
2．push ahead with 义无反顾地进行，努力推进
3．in summary 概括地说
4．open up 打开；开发
5．point of view 观点
6．be/get burnt out 耗尽体力，累垮
7．follow in one's footsteps 效仿某人
8．in favour of 赞同，支持
9．take...into consideration 认真考虑
10．point out 指出
11．rather than 而不是
12．toy with 戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏教材原句——会背诵句式仿写——能应用
1.The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.(the first (＋n./pron.) 后常接不定式作定语) 1.刘洋是中国第一个进入太空的女航天员。

Liu Yang is the first Chinese female astronaut .
2.The boy was more frightened than hurt.(more...than...“与其说……倒不如说……”)2.与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。

He is lucky clever.
3.Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.(本句中的nowhere与形容词比较级连用表示最高级含义) 3.对于学生学习而言，图书馆是最好的地方。

than the library for students to study.
【答案】 1.to go into space 2.more；than 3.Nowhere is better
精讲5个考纲单词
consequence n.结果，后果
[教材原句] If we toy with nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.如果我们玩弄自然，我们将不得不承担各种后果。

(1)consequent adj.必然的；随之发生的
(2)consequently adv. 因此；必然地
(3)as a consequence＝in consequence
因此，结果
in consequence of＝as a consequence of
由于……的缘故，因而
answer for/deal with/take/suffer/face the consequences
承担后果
of no/little consequence 无足轻重的，不重要的
①We must take the consequences of our own deed.
我们必须为自己的行为承担后果。

②Many people didn't drive to work as a consequence of the heavy fog.因为大雾许多人没有驾车上班。

③She was a bright and eager student and，consequently (consequence)，did well in school.
她是个聪明好学的学生，因此学习成绩很好。

[名师点津]表示“结果”的短语还有：as a result，result in，lead to，bring about，come about。

[链接写作] 同义句改写
It rained yesterday.As a result the match was canceled.
①It rained yesterday and in consequence the match was canceled.
②It rained yesterday and as a consequence the match was canceled.
【导学号：92872083】transform vt. & vi.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态；转化；转换；改造
[教材原句] On a personal note，cloning would totally transform my life.
就我个人而言，克隆将彻底改变我的生活。

transform...into... 使……变成……
transform into 转化成；改造为
be transformed from...into... 由……变成……；由……迁到……
①She helps transform literature into braille to bring the power of story and knowledge to the hearts and minds of blind readers.她帮助把文学转换为盲文，想以故事和知识力量丰富盲人读者的心灵。

【导学号：92872084】
②In the last 20 years，that country has been transformed (transform) into an advanced industrial power.在过去的20年里，那个国家已变成一个先进的工业强国。

【导学号：92872085】majority n．多数，大多数
[高考佳句] ...we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge
majority views.(2016年北京高考·阅读理解)
……我们必须安全地来表达看法和挑战多数人的观念。

(1)in a/the majority 占大多数 a/the majority of
大多数…… by/with a majority of
以大多数…… (2)minority n .
少数 In the minority 占少数
①Boys are very much in the minority at the dancing class.舞蹈班里男生占极少数。

②Our country is a traditional agricultural society ，with a majority of farming population.我们的国家是一个传统的农业社会，农村人口占绝大多数。

③For example ，if you look at the audience at a classical concert ，the majority is (be) over the age of fifty.
例如，你看一看听古典音乐会的观众，大部分是五十岁以上的。

【导学号：92872086】
[名师点津] (1)the majority 单独作主语时，谓语动词用单复数形式均可。

(2)The majority of ＋⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧复数名词＋复数谓语动词不可数名词＋单数谓语动词 favour (＝favor ) n ．赞同，支持；恩惠，帮助；偏爱，偏袒
[教材原句] Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature?
难道我们为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗？
(1)in favour of
赞同，支持 in sb.'s favour
对某人有利；有助于某人 (2)do sb.the favour to do sth.
给某人帮忙做某事
do sb.a favour/do a favour for sb.
给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙 ask a favour of sb.＝ask sb.a favour
请某人帮忙
请您帮个忙好吗？
②However ，others are in favour of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language.然而一些人支持收录，因为很难说它是否将会威胁汉语。

【导学号：92872087】
③Will you do me the favour to shut (shut) the door？请你帮我一个忙关上门好吗？
[链接写作] 例句③的其他表达方式
①Will you help me (to) shut the door?
②Will you assist me in shutting the door?
③Will you aid me in shutting the door?
frighten vt.使惊吓，使惊恐
[教材原句] While many people are excited about these new technologies，these same technologies frighten others.尽管许多人对这些新技术感到兴奋，而其他人则对这些同样的技术感到害怕。

(1)frightened adj.惊恐的
be frightened to do sth. 害怕做某事
be frightened of 对……感到害怕
be frightened to death 被吓得要死
(2)frightening adj.令人恐惧的
(3)frighten...away/off 把……吓跑/吓走
frighten sb.into/out of doing sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事
①She has now begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away. 她现在已经开始把扬声器放在田野里看是否能把大象吓跑。

②The mothers are frightened of the children going camping，for they may get lost in the mountain.
妈妈们害怕孩子们去野营，因为他们可能在山里迷路。

【导学号：92872088】
③The lectures offer students the chance to“make sense”of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening (frighten)．这些讲座让学生有机会理解似乎让人恐惧的数学知识。

[语境助记]Mary was too frightened to tell her family the frightening scene because it frightened her to death.玛丽太害怕以至于不敢告诉家人那可怕的场面，因为那场面差点把她吓死。

诠释3个核心短语
on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……
[经典例句] On the one hand，I want to sell the house，but on the other hand，I can't bear the thought of moving.(朗文辞典)一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。

give/lend sb.a hand＝give/lend a hand to sb.
帮某人一把
at hand 在手边，在附近(空间)；即将来临(时间) by hand 用手；亲自
in hand (钱、物、时间)在手中；(局势)在控制中；
(工作)在进行中，在处理中
hand in hand 手拉手；同时并存
①It is our duty to lend a hand to our neighbours when they need.当邻居们需要帮助的时候，向他们伸出援手是我们的职责。

②So it was with really great satisfaction that I stood in church one recent Sunday，video camera in hand.
最近的一个星期天，我非常满意地站在教堂里，手里拿着一架录像机。

[名师点津](1)on the one hand中的the可以省略；on (the) one hand和on the other hand成对出现时，第二个hand可以省略。

(2)for one thing...for another (thing)．..意为“首先……，再者……”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致。

follow in one's footsteps效仿某人
[教材原句] I understand that other countries have already begun trying to clone human beings，but this does not mean that we should follow in their footsteps.我明白其他国家已经开始尝试克隆人类，但这并不意味着我们应该效仿他们。

follow one's example 以某人为榜样
follow one's advice/directions 听从/遵循某人的建议/指示/说明
follow the crowd 随大流，从众，按照大众的意思做事
as follows 如下，如下所述
follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则
①There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples.
有很好的理由不去以那些不好的例子为榜样。

②This can be done if you proceed as follows.
按照如下操作即可完成。

take...into consideration认真考虑
[教材原句] In summary，I insist that you take the opinions of the people of the UK into consideration，and end this practice immediately.
概括地说，我坚决主张你认真考虑英国人民的意见，立刻终止这种做法。

(1)consider vt.考虑；认为
considerate adj.考虑周到的；体贴的
considering prep. 考虑到；就……而言；鉴于
(2)show consideration for 对……表示关心
under consideration 在讨论/考虑中
out of consideration for 出于对……的考虑/体谅
①Considering this，you might expect the book to be a dry recitation of facts.鉴于此，你也许会料定这本书就是干巴巴地描述事实。

②She is always polite and considerate (consider) towards her employees.
她对待雇员总是客客气气，关心体谅。

③He showed no consideration for my feelings.
他一点都不关心我的感受。

【导学号：92872089】
[链接写作] 句型转换
He is considered to have invented the telephone.
→It is considered that he has invented the telephone.(用it作形式主语改写)
突破2个高考句型
(教材P42)The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。

句中不定式短语to be cloned...作后置定语修饰the first mammal。

用不定式作定语的几种情况：
(1)用来修饰被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，no，all，any等限定的中心词。

(2)用来修饰某些抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，promise，way，opportunity，need，attempt，time等。

(3)表示将来。

①Amy was the only person to witness (witness) the car accident.艾米是唯一一个目睹那场车祸的人。

②In addition，they will strengthen their ability to accept (accept) new and exciting mathematical challenges.另外，他们将增强他们接受新的且刺激的数学挑战的能力。

(教材P50)The boy was more frightened than hurt.这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。

句中的more...than...结构意为“与其说……倒不如说……”，此结构强调more后面
的内容，表示同一个人或事物的两种特征对比，more和than后接不定式、形容词、副词的原级、名词或介词短语等两个并列成分。

①Don't be too hard on him.He's more cheated than stupid.别对他太苛刻了。

与其说他愚蠢倒不如说他被欺骗了。

I was more than a little angry when I saw how they'd ruined it.
当我见到他们是怎样把它破坏时，我非常愤慨。

③I think this is more to show off the special effects than to help the film's plot.在我看来，这是为了炫耀科技，而不是有助于表现电影的情节。

[多角快练]——练单词练短语练句型——————————————
基础考点全面练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Anyone can't enter the hall without my (permit).
【导学号：92872090】2．Paul's mother had him (adopt) because she couldn't look after him herself.
3．I'm sorry I offended you，but it wasn't my (intend)．
4．Experiments on animals (conduct) long before the medicine was applied to patients.
5．One third of the country is covered with trees and the majority of the citizens (be) black people.
6．All 11 miners buried in a rainstorm­triggered landslide were
(confirm) dead in southwest China.
7．In a year he collected (rely) information on 1，600 shoes.
8．The loss has not yet been calculated (accurate)，but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.
9．No human being could have passed happier childhood than myself.
10．Do you have any information about the new books sale?
【导学号：92872091】【答案】 1.permission 2.adopted 3.intention 4.have been conducted 5.are
6.confirmed
7.reliable
8.accurately
9.a 10.for
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Whatever happens，we must push ahead forward our plans to increase production.
2．On the one hand，of course，cars are very useful；on another hand，they cause air pollution.
3．You are the second teacher asking me the question today.
4．For me，music is much a way of life than an interest.
5．So far，this technology has used to produce plants that are better able to defend themselves against pests and disease.
6．No one knows what effects the GM material might have to the food chain. 【导学号：92872092】
【答案】 1.forward→with 2.another→the other 3.asking→to ask 4.much→more ed前加been 6.to改为on
重难考点多维练
1．favour面面观
(1)单句语法填空
①On the whole，I'm favour of the proposal.
②Her stepmother's care in (she) favour is very rare and valuable.
③Do me the favour (put) on this shirt and this suit?
④I asked a favour him，but he refused pointblank (断然地)．
(2)句型转换(每空一词)
⑤Thank you，yes，but I'd like you to do me a favour.
→Thank you，yes，but I'd like you to do me.
【答案】①in②her③to put④of⑤a favour for
2．frighten多棱镜
(1)单句语法填空
①She was very frightened (look) down from the top floor of the
building.
②I was nearly frightened death at the terrible sight.
③The children cried out when they saw the (frighten) snake creeping towards them.
(2) 一句多译
莉莎实在吓坏了，不敢弄出一点声音来。

④Liza was to dare to make a sound.
⑤Liza that she didn't dare to make a sound.
【答案】①to look②to③frightening④too frightened⑤was so frightened
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
根据P42课文内容，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

With Dolly the sheep cloned 1. (success) from an adult cell，some other animals have already been created.Some scientists even have the 2. (intend) to clone humans and they are pushing ahead with research now，3. it is not legal
in many countries.China has succeeded in 4. (produce) clones of cows and goats.
Just 5. the saying goes，“Every coin has two sides.”On the one hand，cloning can produce 6. (value) human tissues to be used in medical 7. (treat)．On the 8. hand，human cloning causes much 9. (anxious)．Some people say if we toy 10. nature，we will have to deal with the consequences.
【答案】 1.successfully 2.intention 3.although/though 4.producing 5.as 6.valuable 7.treatment 8.other 9.anxiety 10.with
Ⅱ.课文短文改错
根据P58课文内容，对下面材料进行修改。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

For a long time，our environment has damaged because humans have been careless.People have harmed nature through agriculture，fishing，hunting or tourism.
After decades of destroying nature and using up natural resource，many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it.However，many poor nations must focus on meeting the
everyday's needs of their people.In doing so，they are using up natural resources at the fast pace and they do not realize that the choices they made are bad for the environment.The developed and developing countries of the world need to work together to make sure that people enjoy healthy and happily lives，without the environment around them suffer.
In conclusion，it is mankind's responsibility that to find answers that are good for everyone，and everything.
【答案】第一句：damaged前加been 第二句：or改为and 第三句：resource改为resources 第四句：poor改为poorer；everyday's改为everyday 第五句：fast前的the改为a；made改为make 第六句：happily改为happy；suffer改为suffering 第七句：去掉responsibility后的that
Ⅲ.高考话题微写作
根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面小作文并背诵成文。

1．新发明越来越多地被人们所采用。

(adopt)
2．它们满足了我们日常生活的需要，也让我们受益匪浅。

(meet one's need)
3．不过也给我们带来了不好的影响。

4．以互联网为例，它使人们之间的联系更加容易。

(example，get in touch with) 5．越来越多的人沉湎于网络，结果身体要垮掉了。

(be addicted to，get burnt out) 6．对于网络的使用，我们必须要谨慎。

(be cautious with)
7．总的说来，新发明给我们带来的利要大于弊。

(in summary，disadvantage)
【参考范文】
With the development of science and technology，more and more new inventions are being adopted.On the one hand，they have met our need in our daily life and profited us a lot；on the other hand，they have some bad effects on us.Take the Internet for example，they have made it easier for people to get in touch with each other，but more and more people are addicted to the Internet so that they are getting burnt out.As a consequence，we should be cautious with
the use of the Internet.However，in summary，new inventions are bringing us more advantages than disadvantages.。